Medicare Program: Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities Prospective Payment System Payment; Update for Rate Year Beginning July 1, 2010 (RY 2011)
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Part IV
Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Medicare Program; Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities Prospective Payment
System Payment--Update for Rate Year Beginning July 1, 2010 (RY 2011);
Notice
Page 23106
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS-1424-N
RIN 0938-AP83
Medicare Program; Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities Prospective
Payment System Payment--Update for Rate Year Beginning July 1, 2010 (RY 2011)
AGENCY: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), HHS.
ACTION: Notice
SUMMARY: This notice updates the payment rates for the Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) for inpatient psychiatric hospital services provided by inpatient psychiatric facilities (IPFs). These changes are applicable to IPF discharges occurring during the rate year beginning July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2011. We are also responding to comments on the IPF PPS teaching adjustment and the market basket, which we received in response to our May 2009 IPF PPS notice with request for comments.
DATES: Effective Date: The updated IPF prospective payment rates are effective for discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2010 through
June 30, 2011.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Dorothy Myrick or Jana Lindquist, (410) 786-4533 (for general information).
Mary Carol Barron, (410) 786-7943 (for information regarding the market basket and labor-related share).
Theresa Bean, (410) 786-2287 (for information regarding the regulatory impact analysis).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
To assist readers in referencing sections contained in this document, we are providing the following table of contents.
I. Background
A. Annual Requirements for Updating the IPF PPS
B. Overview of the Legislative Requirements of the IPF PPS
C. IPF PPS--General Overview
II. Transition Period for Implementation of the IPF PPS
III. Updates to the IPF PPS for RY Beginning July 1, 2010
A. Determining the Standardized Budget-Neutral Federal Per Diem
Base Rate 1. Standardization of the Federal Per Diem Base Rate and
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Rate 2. Calculation of the Budget Neutrality Adjustment a. Outlier Adjustment b. Stop-Loss Provision Adjustment c. Behavioral Offset
B. Update of the Federal Per Diem Base Rate and
Electroconvulsive Therapy Rate 1. Market Basket for IPFs Reimbursed under the IPF PPS a. Market Basket Index for the IPF PPS b. Overview of the RPL Market Basket 2. Labor-Related Share 3. Comments on Creating a Stand-Alone IPF Market Basket
IV. Update of the IPF PPS Adjustment Factors
A. Overview of the IPF PPS Adjustment Factors
B. Patient-Level Adjustments 1. Adjustment for MS-DRG Assignment 2. Payment for Comorbid Conditions 3. Patient Age Adjustments 4. Variable Per Diem Adjustments
C. Facility-Level Adjustments 1. Wage Index Adjustment a. Background b. Wage Index for RY 2011 c. OMB Bulletins 2. Adjustment for Rural Location 3. Teaching Adjustment 4. Cost of Living Adjustment for IPFs Located in Alaska and
Hawaii 5. Adjustment for IPFs With a Qualifying Emergency Department
(ED)
D. Other Payment Adjustments and Policies 1. Outlier Payments a. Update to the Outlier Fixed Dollar Loss Threshold Amount b. Statistical Accuracy of Cost-to-Charge Ratios 2. Expiration of the Stop-Loss Provision
V. Comments Beyond the Scope of the May 2009 IPF PPS Notice With
Request for Comments
VI. Waiver of Proposed Rulemaking
VII. Collection of Information Requirements
VIII. Regulatory Impact Analysis
Addenda
Acronyms
Because of the many terms to which we refer by acronym in this notice, we are listing the acronyms used and their corresponding terms in alphabetical order below:
BBRA Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP [State Children's Health Insurance
Program] Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999, (Pub. L. 106-113).
CBSA Core-Based Statistical Area.
CCR Cost-to-charge ratio.
CAH Critical access hospital.
DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Fourth Edition--Text Revision.
DRGs Diagnosis-related groups.
FY Federal fiscal year.
ICD-9-CM International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,
Clinical Modification.
IPFs Inpatient psychiatric facilities.
IRFs Inpatient rehabilitation facilities.
LTCHs Long-term care hospitals.
MedPAR Medicare provider analysis and review file.
RY Rate Year.
TEFRA Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, (Pub. L. 97- 248).
I. Background
A. Annual Requirements for Updating the IPF PPS
In November 2004, we implemented the inpatient psychiatric facilities (IPF) prospective payment system (PPS) in a final rule that appeared in the November 15, 2004 Federal Register (69 FR 66922). In developing the IPF PPS, in order to ensure that the IPF PPS is able to account adequately for each IPF's case-mix, we performed an extensive regression analysis of the relationship between the per diem costs and certain patient and facility characteristics to determine those characteristics associated with statistically significant cost differences on a per diem basis. For characteristics with statistically significant cost differences, we used the regression coefficients of those variables to determine the size of the corresponding payment adjustments.
In that final rule, we explained that we believe it is important to delay updating the adjustment factors derived from the regression analysis until we have IPF PPS data that includes as much information as possible regarding the patient-level characteristics of the population that each IPF serves. Therefore, we indicated that we did not intend to update the regression analysis and recalculate the
Federal per diem base rate and the patient- and facility-level adjustments until we complete that analysis. Until that analysis is complete, we stated our intention to publish a notice in the Federal
Register each spring to update the IPF PPS (71 FR 27041).
Updates to the IPF PPS as specified in 42 CFR Sec. 412.428 include the following:
A description of the methodology and data used to calculate the updated Federal per diem base payment amount.
The rate of increase factor as described in Sec. 412.424(a)(2)(iii), which is based on the excluded hospital with capital market basket under the update methodology of section 1886(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Social Security Act (the Act) for each year
(effective from the implementation period until June 30, 2006).
For discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2006, the rate of increase factor for the Federal portion of the IPF's payment, which is based on the rehabilitation, psychiatric, and long-term care
(RPL) market basket.
The best available hospital wage index and information regarding whether an adjustment to the Federal
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per diem base rate is needed to maintain budget neutrality.
Updates to the fixed dollar loss threshold amount in order to maintain the appropriate outlier percentage.
Description of the International Classification of
Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding and diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) classification changes discussed in the annual update to the hospital inpatient prospective payment system
(IPPS) regulations.
Update to the electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) payment by a factor specified by CMS.
Update to the national urban and rural cost-to-charge ratio medians and ceilings.
Update to the cost of living adjustment factors for IPFs located in Alaska and Hawaii, if appropriate.
Our most recent annual update occurred in the May 2009 IPF PPS notice with request for comments (74 FR 20362) (hereinafter referred to as the May 2009 IPF PPS notice) that set forth updates to the IPF PPS payment rates for RY 2010. This notice updates the IPF per diem payment rates that were published in the May 2009 IPF PPS notice in accordance with our established policies.
B. Overview of the Legislative Requirements of the IPF PPS
Section 124 of the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP (State Children's
Health Insurance Program) Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999, (Pub.
L. 106-113) (BBRA) required implementation of the IPF PPS.
Specifically, section 124 of the BBRA mandated that the Secretary develop a per diem PPS for inpatient hospital services furnished in psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units that includes an adequate patient classification system that reflects the differences in patient resource use and costs among psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units.
Section 405(g)(2) of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) (Pub. L. 108-173) extended the IPF
PPS to distinct part psychiatric units of critical access hospitals
(CAHs).
To implement these provisions, we published various proposed and final rules in the Federal Register. For more information regarding these rules, see the CMS Web sites http://www.cms.hhs.gov/
InpatientPsychFacilPPS/and http://www.cms.hhs.gov/
InpatientpsychfacilPPS/02_regulations.asp.
Section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the Act, which was added by Section 3401(f) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Pub. L. 111- 148) as amended by Section 10319(e) of that Act and by Section 1105 of the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111- 152), requires the application of an ``Other Adjustment'' that reduces any update to the IPF PPS base rate by 0.25 percentage point for the rate year beginning in 2010. We are implementing that provision for RY 2011 in this notice.
C. IPF PPS--General Overview
The November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66922) established the
IPF PPS, as authorized under section 124 of the BBRA and codified at subpart N of part 412 of the Medicare regulations. The November 2004
IPF PPS final rule set forth the per diem Federal rates for the implementation year (the 18-month period from January 1, 2005 through
June 30, 2006), and it provided payment for the inpatient operating and capital costs to IPFs for covered psychiatric services they furnish
(that is, routine, ancillary, and capital costs, but not costs of approved educational activities, bad debts, and other services or items that are outside the scope of the IPF PPS). Covered psychiatric services include services for which benefits are provided under the fee-for-service Part A (Hospital Insurance Program) Medicare program.
The IPF PPS established the Federal per diem base rate for each patient day in an IPF derived from the national average daily routine operating, ancillary, and capital costs in IPFs in FY 2002. The average per diem cost was updated to the midpoint of the first year under the
IPF PPS, standardized to account for the overall positive effects of the IPF PPS payment adjustments, and adjusted for budget neutrality.
The Federal per diem payment under the IPF PPS is comprised of the
Federal per diem base rate described above and certain patient- and facility-level payment adjustments that were found in the regression analysis to be associated with statistically significant per diem cost differences.
The patient-level adjustments include age, DRG assignment, comorbidities, and variable per diem adjustments to reflect higher per diem costs in the early days of an IPF stay. Facility-level adjustments include adjustments for the IPF's wage index, rural location, teaching status, a cost of living adjustment for IPFs located in Alaska and
Hawaii, and presence of a qualifying emergency department (ED).
The IPF PPS provides additional payment policies for: outlier cases; stop-loss protection (which was applicable only during the IPF
PPS transition period); interrupted stays; and a per treatment adjustment for patients who undergo ECT.
A complete discussion of the regression analysis appears in the
November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66933 through 66936).
Section 124 of BBRA does not specify an annual update rate strategy for the IPF PPS and is broadly written to give the Secretary discretion in establishing an update methodology. Therefore, in the November 2004
IPF PPS final rule, we implemented the IPF PPS using the following update strategy:
Calculate the final Federal per diem base rate to be budget neutral for the 18-month period of January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006.
Use a July 1 through June 30 annual update cycle.
Allow the IPF PPS first update to be effective for discharges on or after July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2007.
II. Transition Period for Implementation of the IPF PPS
In the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we provided for a 3-year transition period. During this 3-year transition period, an IPF's total payment under the PPS was based on an increasing percentage of the
Federal rate with a corresponding decreasing percentage of the IPF PPS payment that is based on reasonable cost concepts. However, effective for cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008, IPF
PPS payments are based on 100 percent of the Federal rate.
III. Updates to the IPF PPS for RY Beginning July 1, 2010
The IPF PPS is based on a standardized Federal per diem base rate calculated from IPF average per diem costs and adjusted for budget- neutrality in the implementation year. The Federal per diem base rate is used as the standard payment per day under the IPF PPS and is adjusted by the patient- and facility-level adjustments that are applicable to the IPF stay. A detailed explanation of how we calculated the average per diem cost appears in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66926).
A. Determining the Standardized Budget-Neutral Federal Per Diem Base
Rate
Section 124(a)(1) of the BBRA requires that we implement the IPF
PPS in a budget neutral manner. In other words, the amount of total payments
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under the IPF PPS, including any payment adjustments, must be projected to be equal to the amount of total payments that would have been made if the IPF PPS were not implemented. Therefore, we calculated the budget-neutrality factor by setting the total estimated IPF PPS payments to be equal to the total estimated payments that would have been made under the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
(TEFRA) (Pub. L. 97-248) methodology had the IPF PPS not been implemented.
Under the IPF PPS methodology, we calculated the final Federal per diem base rate to be budget neutral during the IPF PPS implementation period (that is, the 18-month period from January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006) using a July 1 update cycle. We updated the average cost per day to the midpoint of the IPF PPS implementation period (that is,
October 1, 2005), and this amount was used in the payment model to establish the budget-neutrality adjustment.
A step-by-step description of the methodology used to estimate payments under the TEFRA payment system appears in the November 2004
IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66926). 1. Standardization of the Federal Per Diem Base Rate and
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Rate
In the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we describe how we standardized the IPF PPS Federal per diem base rate in order to account for the overall positive effects of the IPF PPS payment adjustment factors. To standardize the IPF PPS payments, we compared the IPF PPS payment amounts calculated from the FY 2002 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) file to the projected TEFRA payments from the FY 2002 cost report file updated to the midpoint of the IPF PPS implementation period (that is, October 2005). The standardization factor was calculated by dividing total estimated payments under the
TEFRA payment system by estimated payments under the IPF PPS. The standardization factor was calculated to be 0.8367.
As described in detail in the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule (71 FR 27045), in reviewing the methodology used to simulate the IPF PPS payments used for the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we discovered that due to a computer code error, total IPF PPS payments were underestimated by about 1.36 percent. Since the IPF PPS payment total should have been larger than the estimated figure, the standardization factor should have been smaller (0.8254 vs. 0.8367). In turn, the
Federal per diem base rate and the ECT rate should have been reduced by 0.8254 instead of 0.8367.
To resolve this issue, in RY 2007, we amended the Federal per diem base rate and the ECT payment rate prospectively. Using the standardization factor of 0.8254, the average cost per day was effectively reduced by 17.46 percent (100 percent minus 82.54 percent = 17.46 percent). 2. Calculation of the Budget Neutrality Adjustment
To compute the budget neutrality adjustment for the IPF PPS, we separately identified each component of the adjustment, that is, the outlier adjustment, stop-loss adjustment, and behavioral offset.
A complete discussion of how we calculate each component of the budget neutrality adjustment appears in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66932 through 66933) and in the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule
(71 FR 27044 through 27046). a. Outlier Adjustment
Since the IPF PPS payment amount for each IPF includes applicable outlier amounts, we reduced the standardized Federal per diem base rate to account for aggregate IPF PPS payments estimated to be made as outlier payments. The outlier adjustment was calculated to be 2 percent. As a result, the standardized Federal per diem base rate was reduced by 2 percent to account for projected outlier payments. b. Stop-Loss Provision Adjustment
As explained in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we provided a stop-loss payment during the transition from cost-based reimbursement to the per diem payment system to ensure that an IPF's total PPS payments were no less than a minimum percentage of their TEFRA payment, had the IPF PPS not been implemented. We reduced the standardized
Federal per diem base rate by the percentage of aggregate IPF PPS payments estimated to be made for stop-loss payments. As a result, the standardized Federal per diem base rate was reduced by 0.39 percent to account for stop-loss payments. Since the transition was completed in
RY 2009, the stop-loss provision is no longer applicable, and for cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008, IPFs were paid 100 percent PPS. c. Behavioral Offset
As explained in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, implementation of the IPF PPS may result in certain changes in IPF practices, especially with respect to coding for comorbid medical conditions. As a result, Medicare may make higher payments than assumed in our calculations. Accounting for these effects through an adjustment is commonly known as a behavioral offset.
Based on accepted actuarial practices and consistent with the assumptions made in other PPSs, we assumed in determining the behavioral offset that IPFs would regain 15 percent of potential
``losses'' and augment payment increases by 5 percent. We applied this actuarial assumption, which is based on our historical experience with new payment systems, to the estimated ``losses'' and ``gains'' among the IPFs. The behavioral offset for the IPF PPS was calculated to be 2.66 percent. As a result, we reduced the standardized Federal per diem base rate by 2.66 percent to account for behavioral changes. As indicated in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we do not plan to change adjustment factors or projections until we analyze IPF PPS data.
If we find that an adjustment is warranted, the percent difference may be applied prospectively to the established PPS rates to ensure the rates accurately reflect the payment level intended by the statute. In conducting this analysis, we will be interested in the extent to which improved coding of patients' principal and other diagnoses, which may not reflect real increases in underlying resource demands, has occurred under the PPS.
B. Update of the Federal Per Diem Base Rate and Electroconvulsive
Therapy Rate 1. Market Basket for IPFs Reimbursed under the IPF PPS
As described in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66931), the average per diem cost was updated to the midpoint of the implementation year. This updated average per diem cost of $724.43 was reduced by 17.46 percent to account for standardization to projected
TEFRA payments for the implementation period, by 2 percent to account for outlier payments, by 0.39 percent to account for stop-loss payments, and by 2.66 percent to account for the behavioral offset. The
Federal per diem base rate in the implementation year was $575.95. The increase in the per diem base rate for RY 2009 included the 0.39 percent increase due to the removal of the stop-loss provision. We indicated in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66932) that we would remove this 0.39 percent reduction to the Federal per diem base rate after the transition. For RY 2009 and beyond, the stop-loss
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provision has ended and is therefore no longer a part of budget neutrality.
Due to new section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the Act, which requires the application of an ``Other Adjustment'' that reduces the update to the
IPF PPS base rate for the rate year beginning in CY 2010, we reduced the update to the IPF PPS base rate by 0.25 percent for rate year 2011.
Applying the market basket increase of 2.4 percent, with the ``Other
Adjustment'' of -0.25%, and the wage index budget neutrality factor of 0.9999 to the RY 2010 Federal per diem base rate of $651.76 yields a
Federal per diem base rate of $665.71 for RY 2011. Similarly, applying the market basket increase with the ``Other Adjustment'', and the wage index budget neutrality factor to the RY 2010 ECT rate yields an ECT rate of $286.60 for RY 2011. a. Market Basket Index for the IPF PPS
The market basket index that was used to develop the IPF PPS was the excluded hospital with capital market basket. This market basket was based on 1997 Medicare cost report data and included data for
Medicare-participating IPFs, inpatient rehabilitation facilities
(IRFs), long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), cancer, and children's hospitals.
Beginning with the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule (71 FR 27046 through 27054), IPF PPS payments were updated using a 2002-based market basket reflecting the operating and capital cost structures for IRFs, IPFs, and LTCHs (hereafter referred to as the rehabilitation, psychiatric, long-term care (RPL) market basket).
We excluded cancer and children's hospitals from the RPL market basket because their payments are based entirely on reasonable costs subject to rate-of-increase limits established under the authority of section 1886(b) of the Act, which are implemented in regulations at
Sec. 413.40. They are not reimbursed through a PPS. Also, the FY 2002 cost structures for cancer and children's hospitals are noticeably different than the cost structures of the IRFs, IPFs, and LTCHs. A complete discussion of the RPL market basket appears in the May 2006
IPF PPS final rule (71 FR 27046 through 27054).
In the May 2009 IPF PPS notice (74 FR 20362), we requested public comment on the possibility of creating a stand-alone IPF market basket.
In this notice, we are responding to those comments in the ``Comments on Creating a Stand-Alone IPF Market Basket'' section. b. Overview of the RPL Market Basket
The RPL market basket is a fixed weight, Laspeyres-type price index. A market basket is described as a fixed-weight index because it answers the question of how much it would cost, at another time, to purchase the same mix (quantity and intensity) of goods and services needed to provide services in a base period. The effects on total expenditures resulting from changes in the mix of goods and services purchased subsequent to the base period are not measured. In this manner, the market basket measures pure price change only. Only when the index is rebased would changes in the quantity and intensity be captured in the cost weights. Therefore, we rebase the market basket periodically so that cost weights reflect recent changes in the mix of goods and services that hospitals purchase to furnish patient care between base periods.
The terms ``rebasing'' and ``revising,'' while often used interchangeably, actually denote different activities. Rebasing means moving the base year for the structure of costs of an input price index
(for example, shifting the base year cost structure from FY 1997 to FY 2002). Revising means changing data sources, methodology, or price proxies used in the input price index. In 2006, we rebased and revised the market basket used to update the IPF PPS. Table 1 below sets forth the completed FY 2002-based RPL market basket including the cost categories, weights, and price proxies.
Table 1--FY 2002-Based RPL Market Basket Cost Categories, Weights, and
Price Proxies
FY 2002-based
RPL market
FY 2002-based RPL
Cost categories
basket cost
market basket price weight
proxies
TOTAL..........................
100.000 .......................
Compensation...................
65.877 .......................
Wages and Salaries*........
52.895 ECI--Wages and
Salaries, Civilian
Hospital Workers.
Employee Benefits*.........
12.982 ECI--Benefits, Civilian
Hospital Workers.
Professional Fees, Non-Medical*
2.892 ECI--Compensation for
Professional & Related occupations.
Utilities......................
0.656 .......................
Electricity................
0.351 PPI--Commercial
Electric Power.
Fuel Oil, Coal, etc........
0.108 PPI--Commercial Natural
Gas.
Water and Sewage...........
0.197 CPI--U--Water & Sewage
Maintenance.
Professional Liability
1.161 CMS Professional
Insurance.
Liability Premium
Index.
All Other Products and Services
19.265 .......................
All Other Products.............
13.323 .......................
Pharmaceuticals............
5.103 PPI Prescription Drugs.
Food: Direct Purchase......
0.873 PPI Processed Foods &
Feeds.
Food: Contract Service.....
0.620 CPI--U Food Away From
Home.
Chemicals..................
1.100 PPI Industrial
Chemicals.
Medical Instruments........
1.014 PPI Medical Instruments
& Equipment.
Photographic Supplies......
0.096 PPI Photographic
Supplies.
Rubber and Plastics........
1.052 PPI Rubber & Plastic
Products.
Paper Products.............
1.000 PPI Converted Paper &
Paperboard Products.
Apparel....................
0.207 PPI Apparel.
Machinery and Equipment....
0.297 PPI Machinery &
Equipment.
Miscellaneous Products**...
1.963 PPI Finished Goods less
Food & Energy.
All Other Services.............
5.942 .......................
Telephone..................
0.240 CPI--U Telephone
Services.
Postage....................
0.682 CPI--U Postage.
All Other: Labor Intensive*
2.219 ECI--Compensation for
Private Service
Occupations.
All Other: Non-labor
2.800 CPI--U All Items.
Intensive.
Capital-Related Costs***.......
10.149 .......................
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Depreciation...................
6.186 .......................
Fixed Assets...............
4.250 Boeckh Institutional
Construction 23-year useful life.
Movable Equipment..........
1.937 PPI Machinery &
Equipment 11-year useful life.
Interest Costs.................
2.775 .......................
Nonprofit..................
2.081 Average yield on domestic municipal bonds (Bond Buyer 20 bonds) vintage- weighted (23 years).
For Profit.................
0.694 Average yield on
Moody's Aaa bond vintage-weighted (23 years).
Other Capital-Related Costs....
1.187 CPI--U Residential
Rent.
* Labor-related.
** Blood and blood-related products is included in miscellaneous products.
*** A portion of capital costs (0.46) are labor-related.
Note: Due to rounding, weights may not sum to total.
We evaluated the price proxies using the criteria of reliability, timeliness, availability, and relevance. Reliability indicates that the index is based on valid statistical methods and has low sampling variability. Timeliness implies that the proxy is published regularly
(preferably at least once a quarter). Availability means that the proxy is publicly available. Finally, relevance means that the proxy is applicable and representative of the cost category weight to which it is applied. The Consumer Price Indexes (CPIs), Producer Price Indexes
(PPIs), and Employment Cost Indexes (ECIs) used as proxies in this market basket meet these criteria.
We note that the proxies are the same as those used for the FY 1997-based excluded hospital with capital market basket. Because these proxies meet our criteria of reliability, timeliness, availability, and relevance, we believe they continue to be the best measure of price changes for the cost categories. For further discussion on the FY 1997- based excluded hospital with capital market basket, see the August 1, 2002 hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) final rule
(67 FR at 50042).
The RY 2011 (that is, beginning July 1, 2010) update for the IPF
PPS using the FY 2002-based RPL market basket and Information Handling
Services (IHS) Global Insight's 1st quarter 2010 forecast for the market basket components is 2.4 percent. This includes increases in both the operating section and the capital section for the 12-month RY period (that is, July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2011). IHS Global
Insight, Inc. is a nationally recognized economic and financial forecasting firm that contracts with CMS to forecast the components of the market baskets. 2. Labor-Related Share
Due to the variations in costs and geographic wage levels, we believe that payment rates under the IPF PPS should continue to be adjusted by a geographic wage index. This wage index applies to the labor-related portion of the Federal per diem base rate, hereafter referred to as the labor-related share.
The labor-related share is determined by identifying the national average proportion of operating costs that are related to, influenced by, or vary with the local labor market. Using our current definition of labor-related, the labor-related share is the sum of the relative importance of wages and salaries, fringe benefits, professional fees, labor-intensive services, and a portion of the capital share from an appropriate market basket. We used the FY 2002-based RPL market basket cost weights relative importance to determine the labor-related share for the IPF PPS.
The labor-related share for RY 2011 is the sum of the RY 2011 relative importance of each labor-related cost category, and reflects the different rates of price change for these cost categories between the base year (FY 2002) and RY 2011. The sum of the relative importance for the RY 2011 operating costs (wages and salaries, employee benefits, professional fees, and labor-intensive services) is 71.506 percent, as shown in Table 2 below. The portion of capital that is influenced by the local labor market is estimated to be 46 percent, which is the same percentage used in the FY 1997-based IRF and IPF payment systems.
Since the relative importance for capital is 8.466 percent of the
FY 2002-based RPL market basket in RY 2011, we are taking 46 percent of 8.466 percent to determine the labor-related share of capital for RY 2011. The result is 3.894 percent, which we added to 71.506 percent for the operating cost amount to determine the total labor-related share for RY 2011. Thus, the labor-related share that we are using for IPF
PPS in RY 2011 is 75.400 percent. Table 2 below shows the RY 2011 labor-related share using the FY 2002-based RPL market basket. We note that this labor-related share is determined by using the same methodology as employed in calculating all previous IPF labor-related shares.
A complete discussion of the IPF labor-related share methodology appears in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66952 through 66954).
Table 2--Total Labor-Related Share--Relative Importance for RY 2011
FY
FY 2002-based RPL 2002[dash]based market basket
RPL market basket labor-related
labor-related
Cost category
share relative
share relative importance
importance
(percent) RY 2010 (percent) RY 2011
*
**
Wages and salaries................
53.062
52.600
Employee benefits.................
13.852
13.935
Professional fees.................
2.895
2.853
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All other labor-intensive services
2.126
2.118
Subtotal......................
71.935
71.506
Labor-related share of capital
3.954
3.894 costs (0.46).....................
Total.........................
75.889
75.400
* Based on 2009 1st Quarter forecast.
** Based on 2010 1st Quarter forecast. 3. Comments on Creating a Stand-Alone IPF Market Basket
In the May 2009 IPF PPS notice (74 FR 20362), we expressed our interest in exploring the possibility of creating a stand-alone IPF market basket that reflects the cost structures of only IPF providers.
Of the available options, one would be to join the Medicare cost report data from freestanding IPF providers (presently incorporated into the
RPL market basket) with data from hospital-based IPF providers. An examination of the Medicare cost report data comparing freestanding and hospital-based IPFs reveals considerable differences between the two with respect to cost levels and cost structures.
In order to better understand the observed cost differences between freestanding and hospital-based IPFs, we reviewed, in detail, several explanatory variables such as geographic variation, case mix (including
DRG, comorbidity, and age), urban or rural status, length of stay, teaching status, and the presence of a qualifying emergency department.
Despite this analysis, we were unable to sufficiently explain the differences in costs between these two types of IPF providers. As a result, we felt that further research was required and solicited public comment on additional information that would help us to better understand the reasons for the variations in costs and cost structures, as reported by cost report data, between freestanding and hospital- based IPFs (74 FR 20376).
We received several timely comments from the public on this issue.
A summary of the comments and our responses to those comments are below.
Comment: Several commenters recommended that CMS consider creating an IPF-specific market basket. These commenters stated that including hospital-based IPF data in the market basket and pursuing a greater understanding of the differences between freestanding and hospital- based IPFs are both worthy undertakings. The commenters cited that from 2005 through 2007, the number of hospital-based IPFs has decreased by 1.4 percent while the number of freestanding IPFs has increased by 1.0 percent. The commenters expressed concern that these trends will continue, and likely accelerate. Furthermore, the commenters stated that in 2007, hospital-based IPFs experienced negative margins while freestanding IPF margins were positive. Given that more than 60 percent of IPF discharges are from hospital-based units, the commenters believe that preserving access to care for these patients (especially those who have coexisting physical conditions or experience a crisis and enter the emergency department for treatment) is vital. One commenter stated that including hospital-based IPF data in the market basket would increase transparency and highlight the differences between freestanding and hospital-based providers.
Response: We are actively examining the technical merits of creating a stand-alone IPF market basket. Since publication of the May 2009 IPF PPS notice, we have been reviewing the Medicare cost report and claims data for both hospital-based and freestanding IPFs to better understand the differences in total Medicare costs per day. Parts of our analysis were based on comments received by the public, which we address in more detail below. Based on our research to date, which has not adequately explained the cost-per-day differences between freestanding and hospital-based providers, we do not believe it is technically appropriate to move from the RPL market basket to update
IPF payments at this time.
Comment: Several commenters supported the ongoing application of the RPL market basket to update inpatient psychiatric facility payment rates. One commenter recommended we continue this method in order to maintain a reasonable population size of facilities to ensure stability in the calculation of the market basket. The commenter asserted that if the RPL market basket was split into separate market baskets for IRFs,
IPFs, and LTCHs, there would be much more volatility in the year-to- year changes, especially for LTCHs.
Response: We appreciate the comments regarding the continued support for using the RPL market basket to update inpatient psychiatric facility payment rates. Likewise, we appreciate the comment regarding sample size considerations with respect to splitting the RPL market basket into its respective pieces. Indeed, sample size and its impact on the volatility of the estimates will be extensively scrutinized before we would propose to change the mechanism used to update payments to inpatient psychiatric facilities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and long-term care hospitals.
Comment: One commenter supported the investigation of the differences in cost structures between hospital-based and freestanding
IPFs. Besides determining the source of these differences, the commenter also stated it is important for CMS to determine whether the differences should be recognized (for example, are higher costs in IPF hospital-based facilities due to allocation of overhead to the unit or to differences in case mix or patient severity that is not measurable using available administrative data). This commenter also acknowledged that seeking outside input regarding differences in cost structures between hospital-based and freestanding IPFs is appropriate. However, the commenter
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recommended that CMS proceed with caution as it may be difficult for
CMS to confirm that the methods used to collect outside data are sound and that the data are representative of the industry as a whole. The commenter also stated that CMS should ultimately determine whether the market basket should in fact be based on the cost structure of hospital-based and freestanding IPFs (instead of just one type of facility) if the higher costs cannot be explained by differences in case mix and other patient characteristics.
Response: Although we asked for outside information to help us better understand these differences, we agree with the commenter that any outside information should be carefully examined.
As we have stated, we currently do not feel it is appropriate to incorporate data from hospital-based IPFs with that of freestanding
IPFs to create a stand-alone IPF market basket given the observed and unexplained differences in cost structures.
Comment: Several commenters stated that creating a stand-alone IPF market basket could be a more accurate index for the costs of delivering care incurred by IPFs. However, the commenters stated that they did not have any independent data to help CMS in developing a stand-alone market basket at this time. The commenters suggested that the issue of a stand-alone IPF market basket continue to be analyzed by
CMS.
Response: We agree with the commenters and plan to continue to analyze costs and Medicare claims data for hospital-based and freestanding providers.
Comment: One commenter supports the development of a stand-alone
IPF market basket. However, the commenter encourages CMS to avoid mixing data from hospital-based and freestanding IPFs. The commenter claims that hospital-based IPFs incur higher costs than freestanding
IPFs in treating Medicare patients for the following reasons:
The acuity levels and medical needs of psychiatric patients that present in a hospital's qualified emergency room will result in higher treatment costs and lengths of stay.
Hospitals provide a greater range of ancillary services.
Some hospitals operate approved psychiatric residency teaching programs.
Therefore, the commenter is reluctant to support a combined hospital-based, freestanding IPF market basket at this time. The commenter also offered to assist CMS with any information he or she can provide.
Response: We appreciate the commenter's input on possible reasons why hospital-based IPFs have higher costs than freestanding IPFs. As stated above, we compared the medical needs of the patients, as measured by the adjustments for DRG, comorbidities, and age. Our analysis did show that hospital-based providers, on average, treat more complex patients; however, the differences in the complexity of the patients, as well as other facility-based adjustments, did not adequately explain the differences in total Medicare costs per day between hospital-based and freestanding providers. In addition, using both Medicare cost report and claims data, we found that hospital-based providers, on average, had shorter lengths of stay than freestanding providers.
Per the commenter's suggestion, and using MCR data, we also compared the Medicare ancillary costs per day of hospital-based and freestanding providers. We found that hospital-based facilities, on average, tend to have higher Medicare ancillary costs per day than freestanding facilities. The differences were mostly attributable to higher emergency room and laboratory costs. These higher ancillary costs accounted for about ten percent of the overall difference between hospital-based and freestanding providers' total Medicare costs per day.
In addition, we compared the average approved teaching costs for hospital-based and freestanding providers. We found that hospital-based providers have higher teaching-related costs associated with Medicare approved programs relative to free standing providers; however, the difference accounted for only three percent of the total difference in
Medicare costs per day for hospital-based and freestanding providers.
Comment: One commenter simply agreed with CMS that before implementation of a new market basket method, the method should be fully evaluated and the projected impact known.
Response: We agree with the commenter's suggestion. Before any implementation, CMS will fully evaluate our methodology to ensure that any proposed market basket most accurately reflects the cost structures associated with providing psychiatric care to Medicare patients.
Comment: One commenter does not support the adoption of a stand- alone IPF market basket at this time, pending further study, as the commenter is not convinced that CMS has the appropriate level of psychiatric cost data available to compile an accurate market basket for IPFs alone. These conclusions were based on the following reasons:
There are a small number of facilities and often limited data (for example, only 4 percent of IPFs reported contract labor costs for FY 2002).
Benefits, contract labor, and blood cost weights were developed using the FY 2002-based IPPS market basket.
Other detailed cost categories were derived from the FY 2002-based IPPS market basket.
No cost data specific to psychiatry (that is, Wages and
Salaries--based on Civilian Hospital Workers).
The commenter stated that without release of both relevant internal data available only to CMS on the previously mentioned IPF market basket issues, as well as specific data on the types of cost differences between the various cost categories of IRF, IPF, and LTCH facilities, they are unable to comment on an independent IPF market basket at this time. The commenter believes that more detailed analysis needs to be conducted and released before they could consider supporting any change to the current RPL-based market basket update process.
Response: We are in the process of evaluating multiple years of data in order to determine whether a stand-alone IPF market basket would be a more appropriate index for updating IPF PPS payments. We agree with the commenter that there is a lack of IPF-specific benefit and contract labor cost data. Currently, benefit and contract labor cost data are collected on Worksheet S-3, part II of the Medicare cost report (MCR), but are only required of IPPS hospitals. We proposed under separate cover to modify the present-day hospital MCR in order to collect benefit and contract labor data on a separate worksheet
(proposed Worksheet S-3, part V) which would be completed by all hospitals (http://www.cms.hhs.gov/PaperworkReductionActof1995/PRAL/ itemdetail.asp?filterType=none&filterByDID=- 99&sortByDID=2&sortOrder=descending&itemID=CMS1224069&intNumPerPage).
We disagree with the commenter that we are not capturing IPF-specific data for wages and salaries since all hospitals are required to report this data on the MCRs, which provides the sources of our wages and salaries cost weight. We believe the commenter may be referencing the
Employment Cost Index (ECI) for wages and salaries for hospital civilian workers which we use to proxy price changes associated with the wages and salary cost weight. This proxy is used because the Bureau of Labor
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Statistics does not publish a wages and salaries price index specific to IPFs only. However, the ECI for wages and salaries for hospital civilian workers does include the price changes of IPFs, as well as other hospital-types (including general surgical hospitals).
IV. Update of the IPF PPS Adjustment Factors
A. Overview of the IPF PPS Adjustment Factors
The IPF PPS payment adjustments were derived from a regression analysis of 100 percent of the FY 2002 MedPAR data file, which contained 483,038 cases. For this notice, we used the same results of the regression analysis used to implement the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule. For a more detailed description of the data file used for the regression analysis, see the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69
FR 66935 through 66936). While we have since used more recent claims data to set the fixed dollar loss threshold amount, we use the same results of this regression analysis to update the IPF PPS for RY 2010 as well as RY 2011.
As previously stated, we do not plan to update the regression analysis until we are able to analyze IPF PPS claims and cost report data. However, we continue to monitor claims and payment data independently from cost report data to assess issues, to determine whether changes in case-mix or payment shifts have occurred among freestanding governmental, non-profit and private psychiatric hospitals, and psychiatric units of general hospitals, and CAHs and other issues of importance to IPFs.
B. Patient-Level Adjustments
In the May 2008 IPF PPS notice (73 FR 25709) and in the May 2009
IPF PPS notice (74 FR 20362), we provided payment adjustments for the following patient-level characteristics: Medicare Severity diagnosis related groups (MS-DRGs) assignment of the patient's principal diagnosis, selected comorbidities, patient age, and the variable per diem adjustments. 1. Adjustment for MS-DRG Assignment
The IPF PPS includes payment adjustments for the psychiatric DRG assigned to the claim based on each patient's principal diagnosis. The
IPF PPS recognizes the MS-DRGs. The DRG adjustment factors were expressed relative to the most frequently reported psychiatric DRG in
FY 2002, that is, DRG 430 (psychoses). The coefficient values and adjustment factors were derived from the regression analysis.
In accordance with Sec. 412.27(a), payment under the IPF PPS is conditioned on IPFs admitting ``only patients whose admission to the unit is required for active treatment, of an intensity that can be provided appropriately only in an inpatient hospital setting, of a psychiatric principal diagnosis that is listed in Chapter Five
(``Mental Disorders'') of the International Classification of Diseases,
Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)'' or in the Fourth
Edition, Text Revision of the American Psychiatric Association's
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, (DSM-IV-TR). IPF claims with a principal diagnosis included in Chapter Five of the ICD-9-CM or the
DSM-IV-TR are paid the Federal per diem base rate under the IPF PPS and all other applicable adjustments, including any applicable DRG adjustment. Psychiatric principal diagnoses that do not group to one of the designated DRGs still receive the Federal per diem base rate and all other applicable adjustments, but the payment would not include a
DRG adjustment.
The Standards for Electronic Transaction final rule published in the Federal Register on August 17, 2000 (65 FR 50312), adopted the ICD- 9-CM as the designated code set for reporting diseases, injuries, impairments, other health related problems, their manifestations, and causes of injury, disease, impairment, or other health related problems. Therefore, we use the ICD-9-CM as the designated code set for the IPF PPS.
We believe that it is important to maintain the same diagnostic coding and DRG classification for IPFs that are used under the IPPS for providing the psychiatric care. Therefore, when the IPF PPS was implemented for cost reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005, we adopted the same diagnostic code set and DRG patient classification system (that is, the CMS DRGs) that was utilized at the time under the hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS).
Since the inception of the IPF PPS, the DRGs used as the patient classification system under the IPF PPS have corresponded exactly with the CMS DRGs applicable under the IPPS for acute care hospitals.
Every year, changes to the ICD-9-CM coding system are addressed in the IPPS proposed and final rules. The changes to the codes are effective October 1 of each year and must be used by acute care hospitals as well as other providers to report diagnostic and procedure information. The IPF PPS has always incorporated ICD-9-CM coding changes made in the annual IPPS update. We publish coding changes in a
Transmittal/Change Request, similar to how coding changes are announced by the IPPS and LTCH PPS. Those ICD-9-CM coding changes are also published in the following IPF PPS RY update, in either the IPF PPS proposed and final rules, or in an IPF PPS update notice.
In the May 2008 IPF PPS notice (73 FR 25714), we discussed CMS' effort to better recognize resource use and the severity of illness among patients. CMS adopted the new MS-DRGs for the IPPS in the FY 2008
IPPS final rule with comment period (72 FR 47130). We believe by better accounting for patients' severity of illness in Medicare payment rates, the MS-DRGs encourage hospitals to improve their coding and documentation of patient diagnoses. The MS-DRGs, which are based on the
CMS DRGs, represent a significant increase in the number of DRGs (from 538 to 745, an increase of 207). For a full description of the development and implementation of the MS-DRGs, see the FY 2008 IPPS final rule with comment period (72 FR 47141 through 47175).
All of the ICD-9-CM coding changes are reflected in the FY 2010
GROUPER, Version 27.0, effective for IPPS discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2009 through September 30, 2010. The GROUPER Version 27.0 software package assigns each case to an MS-DRG on the basis of the diagnosis and procedure codes and demographic information (that is, age, sex, and discharge status). The Medicare Code Editor (MCE) 26.0 uses the new ICD-9-CM codes to validate coding for IPPS discharges on or after October 1, 2009. For additional information on the GROUPER
Version 27.0 and MCE 26.0, see Transmittal 1816 (Change Request 6634), dated October 1, 2009. The IPF PPS has always used the same GROUPER and
Code Editor as the IPPS. Therefore, the ICD-9-CM changes, which were reflected in the GROUPER Version 27.0 and MCE 26.0 on October 1, 2009, also became effective for the IPF PPS for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2009.
The impact of the new MS-DRGs on the IPF PPS was negligible.
Mapping to the MS-DRGs resulted in the current 17 MS-DRGs, instead of the original 15 DRGs, for which the IPF PPS provides an adjustment.
Although the code set is updated, the same associated adjustment factors apply now that have been in place since implementation of the
IPF PPS, with one exception that is unrelated to the update to the codes. When DRGs 521 and 522 were consolidated into MS-DRG 895, we carried over the adjustment factor of 1.02 from DRG 521 to the newly
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consolidated MS-DRG. This was done to reflect the higher claims volume under DRG 521, with more than eight times the number of claims than billed under DRG 522. The updates are reflected in Table 5. For a detailed description of the mapping changes from the original DRG adjustment categories to the current MS-DRG adjustment categories, we refer readers to the May 2008 IPF PPS notice (73 FR 25714).
The official version of the ICD-9-CM is available on CD-ROM from the U.S. Government Printing Office. The FY 2009 version can be ordered by contacting the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Department 50, Washington, DC 20402-9329, telephone number
(202) 512-1800. Questions concerning the ICD-9-CM should be directed to
Patricia E. Brooks, Co-Chairperson, ICD-9-CM Coordination and
Maintenance Committee, CMS, Center for Medicare Management, Hospital and Ambulatory Policy Group, Division of Acute Care, Mailstop C4-08-06, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21244-1850.
Further information concerning the official version of the ICD-9-CM can be found in the IPPS final rule with comment period, ``Changes to
Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System and Fiscal Year 2010
Rates'' in the August 27, 2009 Federal Register (74 FR 43754) and at http://www.cms.hhs.gov/AcuteInpatientPPS/IPPS/list.asp#TopOfPage.
Tables 3 and 4 below list the FY 2010 new and invalid ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes that group to one of the 17 MS-DRGs for which the IPF
PPS provides an adjustment. These tables are only a listing of FY 2010 changes and do not reflect all of the currently valid and applicable
ICD-9-CM codes classified in the MS-DRGs. When coded as a principal code or diagnosis, these codes receive the correlating MS-DRG adjustment.
Table 3--FY 2010 New Diagnosis Codes
Diagnosis code
Description
MS-DRG
438.13..................... Late effects of
056, 057 cerebrovascular disease, dysarthria. 438.14..................... Late effects of
056, 057 cerebrovascular disease, fluency disorder. 799.21..................... Nervousness................
880 799.22..................... Irritability...............
880 799.23..................... Impulsiveness..............
882 799.24..................... Emotional lability.........
883 799.25..................... Demoralization and apathy..
880 799.29..................... Other signs and symptoms
880 involving emotional state.
Table 4--FY 2010 Invalid Diagnosis Codes
Diagnosis code
Description
MS-DRG
799.2....................... Nervousness...................
880
We do not plan to update the regression analysis until we are able to analyze IPF PPS data. The MS-DRG adjustment factors (as shown in
Table 5 below) will continue to be paid for discharges occurring in RY 2011.
Table 5--RY 2011 Current MS-DRGs Applicable for the Principal Diagnosis
Adjustment
Adjustment
MS-DRG
MS-DRG descriptions
factor
056........................ Degenerative nervous system
1.05 disorders w MCC. 057........................ Degenerative nervous system
1.05 disorders w/o MCC. 080........................ Nontraumatic stupor & coma
1.07 w MCC. 081........................ Nontraumatic stupor & coma
1.07 w/o MCC. 876........................ O.R. procedure w principal
1.22 diagnoses of mental illness. 880........................ Acute adjustment reaction &
1.05 psychosocial dysfunction. 881........................ Depressive neuroses........
0.99 882........................ Neuroses except depressive.
1.02 883........................ Disorders of personality &
1.02 impulse control. 884........................ Organic disturbances &
1.03 mental retardation. 885........................ Psychoses..................
1.00 886........................ Behavioral & developmental
0.99 disorders. 887........................ Other mental disorder
0.92 diagnoses. 894........................ Alcohol/drug abuse or
0.97 dependence, left AMA. 895........................ Alcohol/drug abuse or
1.02 dependence w rehabilitation therapy. 896........................ Alcohol/drug abuse or
0.88 dependence w/o rehabilitation therapy w
MCC. 897........................ Alcohol/drug abuse or
0.88 dependence w/o rehabilitation therapy w/o
MCC.
2. Payment for Comorbid Conditions
The intent of the comorbidity adjustments is to recognize the increased costs associated with comorbid conditions by providing additional payments for certain concurrent medical or psychiatric conditions that are expensive to treat. In the May 2009 IPF PPS notice
(74 FR 20362), we explained that the IPF PPS includes 17 comorbidity categories and identified the new, revised, and deleted ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes that generate a comorbid condition payment adjustment under the IPF PPS for RY 2010 (77 FR 20372).
Comorbidities are specific patient conditions that are secondary to the patient's principal diagnosis and that require treatment during the stay.
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Diagnoses that relate to an earlier episode of care and have no bearing on the current hospital stay are excluded and must not be reported on
IPF claims. Comorbid conditions must exist at the time of admission or develop subsequently, and affect the treatment received, length of stay
(LOS), or both treatment and LOS.
For each claim, an IPF may receive only one comorbidity adjustment per comorbidity category, but it may receive an adjustment for more than one comorbidity category. Billing instructions require that IPFs must enter the full ICD-9-CM codes for up to 8 additional diagnoses if they co-exist at the time of admission or develop subsequently and impact the treatment provided.
The comorbidity adjustments were determined based on the regression analysis using the diagnoses reported by IPFs in FY 2002. The principal diagnoses were used to establish the DRG adjustments and were not accounted for in establishing the comorbidity category adjustments, except where ICD-9-CM ``code first'' instructions apply. As we explained in the May 2008 IPF PPS notice (73 FR 25716), the code first rule applies when a condition has both an underlying etiology and a manifestation due to the underlying etiology. For these conditions, the
ICD-9-CM has a coding convention that requires the underlying conditions to be sequenced first followed by the manifestation.
Whenever a combination exists, there is a ``use additional code'' note at the etiology code and a code first note at the manifestation code.
As discussed in the MS-DRG section, it is our policy to maintain the same diagnostic coding set for IPFs that is used under the IPPS for providing the same psychiatric care. Although the ICD-9-CM code set has been updated, the same adjustment factors have been in place since the implementation of the IPF PPS. Table 6 below lists the FY 2010 new ICD diagnosis codes that impact the comorbidity adjustments under the IPF
PPS. Table 6 is not a list of all currently valid ICD codes applicable for the IPF PPS comorbidity adjustments.
Table 6--FY 2010 New ICD Codes Applicable for the Comorbidity Adjustment
Diagnosis code
Description
Comorbidity category
209.31............... Merkel cell
Oncology Treatment. carcinoma of the face. 209.32............... Merkel cell
Oncology Treatment. carcinoma of the scalp and neck. 209.33............... Merkel cell
Oncology Treatment. carcinoma of the upper limb. 209.34............... Merkel cell
Oncology Treatment. carcinoma of the lower limb. 209.35............... Merkel cell
Oncology Treatment. carcinoma of the trunk. 209.36............... Merkel cell
Oncology Treatment. carcinoma of other sites. 209.70............... Secondary
Oncology Treatment. neuroendocrine tumor, unspecified site. 209.71............... Secondary
Oncology Treatment. neuroendocrine tumor of distant lymph nodes. 209.72............... Secondary
Oncology Treatment. neuroendocrine tumor of liver. 209.73............... Secondary
Oncology Treatment. neuroendocrine tumor of bone. 209.74............... Secondary
Oncology Treatment. neuroendocrine tumor of peritoneum. 209.75............... Secondary Merkel Oncology Treatment. cell carcinoma. 209.79............... Secondary
Oncology Treatment. neuroendocrine tumor of other sites. 239.81............... Neoplasms of
Oncology Treatment. unspecified nature, retina and choroid. 239.89............... Neoplasms of
Oncology Treatment. unspecified nature, other specified sites. 969.00............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. antidepressant, unspecified. 969.01............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. monoamine oxidase inhibitors. 969.02............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. 969.03............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 969.04............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. tetracyclic antidepressants. 969.05............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. tricyclic antidepressants. 969.09............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. other antidepressants. 969.70............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. psychostimulant
, unspecified. 969.71............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. caffeine. 969.72............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. amphetamines. 969.73............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. methylphenidate. 969.79............... Poisoning by
Poisoning. other psychostimulant s.
Table 7 below lists the FY 2010 revised ICD diagnosis codes that are applicable for the comorbidity adjustment.
Table 7--FY 2010 Revised ICD Codes Applicable for the Comorbidity
Adjustment
Diagnosis code
Description
Comorbidity category
584.5................ Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure with lesion of tubular necrosis. 584.6................ Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure with lesion of renal cortical necrosis. 584.7................ Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure with lesion of renal medullary
papillary
necrosis. 584.8................ Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure with other specified pathological lesion in kidney. 584.9................ Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure, unspecified. 639.3................ Kidney failure
Renal Failure, Acute. following abortion and ectopic and molar pregnancies. 669.32............... Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure following labor and delivery, delivered, with mention of postpartum complication. 669.34............... Acute kidney
Renal Failure, Acute. failure following labor and delivery, postpartum condition or complication.
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Table 8 below lists the invalid FY 2010 ICD-9-CM codes no longer applicable for the comorbidity adjustment.
Table 8--FY 2010 Invalid ICD Codes No Longer Applicable for the
Comorbidity Adjustment
Diagnosis code
Description
Comorbidity category
239.8................ Neoplasm of
Oncology Treatment. unspecified nature of other specified sites. 969.0................ Poisoning by
Poisoning. antidepressants. 969.7................ Poisoning by
Poisoning. psychostimulant s.
For RY 2011, we are applying the seventeen comorbidity categories for which we are providing an adjustment, their respective codes, including the new FY 2010 ICD-9-CM codes, and their respective adjustment factors in Table 9 below.
Table 9--RY 2011 Diagnosis Codes and Adjustment Factors for Comorbidity
Categories
Adjustment
Description of comorbidity
ICD-9CM code
factor
Developmental Disabilities..... 317, 3180, 3181, 3182,
1.04 and 319.
Coagulation Factor Deficits.... 2860 through 2864......
1.13
Tracheostomy................... 51900 through 51909 and
1.06
V440.
Renal Failure, Acute........... 5845 through 5849,
1.11 63630, 63631, 63632, 63730, 63731, 63732, 6383, 6393, 66932, 66934, 9585.
Renal Failure, Chronic......... 40301, 40311, 40391,
1.11 40402, 40412, 40413, 40492, 40493, 5853, 5854, 5855, 5856, 5859, 586, V4511,
V4512, V560, V561, and
V562.
Oncology Treatment............. 1400 through 2399 with
1.07 a radiation therapy code 92.21-92.29 or chemotherapy code 99.25.
Uncontrolled Diabetes-Mellitus 25002, 25003, 25012,
1.05 with or without complications. 25013, 25022, 25023, 25032, 25033, 25042, 25043, 25052, 25053, 25062, 25063, 25072, 25073, 25082, 25083, 25092, and 25093.
Severe Protein Calorie
260 through 262........
1.13
Malnutrition.
Eating and Conduct Disorders... 3071, 30750, 31203,
1.12 31233, and 31234.
Infectious Disease............. 01000 through 04110,
1.07 042, 04500 through 05319, 05440 through 05449, 0550 through 0770, 0782 through 07889, and 07950 through 07959.
Drug and/or Alcohol Induced
2910, 2920, 29212,
1.03
Mental Disorders.
2922, 30300, and 30400.
Cardiac Conditions............. 3910, 3911, 3912,
1.11 40201, 40403, 4160, 4210, 4211, and 4219.
Gangrene....................... 44024 and 7854.........
1.10
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 49121, 4941, 5100,
1.12
Disease.
51883, 51884, V4611,
V4612, V4613 and V4614.
Artificial Openings--Digestive 56960 through 56969,
1.08 and Urinary.
9975, and V441 through
V446.
Severe Musculoskeletal and
6960, 7100, 73000
1.09
Connective Tissue Diseases.
through 73009, 73010 through 73019, and 73020 through 73029.
Poisoning...................... 96500 through 96509,
1.11 9654, 9670 through 9699, 9770, 9800 through 9809, 9830 through 9839, 986, 9890 through 9897.
3. Patient Age Adjustments
As explained in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66922), we analyzed the impact of age on per diem cost by examining the age variable (that is, the range of ages) for payment adjustments.
In general, we found that the cost per day increases with age. The older age groups are more costly than the under 45 age group, the differences in per diem cost increase for each successive age group, and the differences are statistically significant.
For RY 2011, we are continuing to use the patient age adjustments currently in effect as shown in Table 10 below.
Table 10--Age Groupings and Adjustment Factors
Adjustment
Age
factor
Under 45..................................................
1.00 45 and under 50...........................................
1.01 50 and under 55...........................................
1.02 55 and under 60...........................................
1.04 60 and under 65...........................................
1.07 65 and under 70...........................................
1.10 70 and under 75...........................................
1.13 75 and under 80...........................................
1.15 80 and over...............................................
1.17
4. Variable Per Diem Adjustments
We explained in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66946) that the regression analysis indicated that per diem cost declines as the LOS increases. The variable per diem adjustments to the Federal per diem base rate account for ancillary and administrative costs that occur disproportionately in the first days after admission to an IPF.
We used a regression analysis to estimate the average differences in per diem cost among stays of different lengths. As a result of this analysis, we established variable per diem adjustments that begin on day 1 and decline gradually until day 21 of a patient's stay. For day 22 and thereafter, the variable per diem adjustment remains the same each day for the remainder of the stay. However, the adjustment applied to day 1 depends upon whether the IPF has a qualifying ED. If an IPF has a qualifying ED, it receives a 1.31 adjustment factor for day 1 of each stay. If an IPF does not have a qualifying ED, it receives a 1.19 adjustment factor for day 1 of the stay. The ED adjustment is explained in more detail in section IV.C.5 of this notice.
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For RY 2011, we are continuing to use the variable per diem adjustment factors currently in effect as shown in Table 11 below. A complete discussion of the variable per diem adjustments appears in the
November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66946).
Table 11--Variable Per Diem Adjustments
Adjustment
Day-of-stay
factor
Day 1--IPF Without a Qualifying ED........................
1.19
Day 1--IPF With a Qualifying ED...........................
1.31
Day 2.....................................................
1.12
Day 3.....................................................
1.08
Day 4.....................................................
1.05
Day 5.....................................................
1.04
Day 6.....................................................
1.02
Day 7.....................................................
1.01
Day 8.....................................................
1.01
Day 9.....................................................
1.00
Day 10....................................................
1.00
Day 11....................................................
0.99
Day 12....................................................
0.99
Day 13....................................................
0.99
Day 14....................................................
0.99
Day 15....................................................
0.98
Day 16....................................................
0.97
Day 17....................................................
0.97
Day 18....................................................
0.96
Day 19....................................................
0.95
Day 20....................................................
0.95
Day 21....................................................
0.95
After Day 21..............................................
0.92
C. Facility-Level Adjustments
The IPF PPS includes facility-level adjustments for the wage index,
IPFs located in rural areas, teaching IPFs, cost of living adjustments for IPFs located in Alaska and Hawaii, and IPFs with a qualifying ED. 1. Wage Index Adjustment a. Background
As discussed in the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule and in the May 2008 and May 2009 update notices, in providing an adjustment for geographic wage levels, the labor-related portion of an IPF's payment is adjusted using an appropriate wage index. Currently, an IPF's geographic wage index value is determined based on the actual location of the IPF in an urban or rural area as defined in Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(A) through
Sec. 412.64(C). b. Wage Index for RY 2011
Since the inception of the IPF PPS, we have used hospital wage data in developing a wage index to be applied to IPFs. We are continuing that practice for RY 2011. We apply the wage index adjustment to the labor-related portion of the Federal rate, which is 75.400 percent.
This percentage reflects the labor-related relative importance of the
RPL market basket for RY 2011 (see section III.B.2 of this notice). The
IPF PPS uses the pre-floor, pre-reclassified hospital wage index.
Changes to the wage index are made in a budget neutral manner so that updates do not increase expenditures.
For RY 2011, we are applying the most recent hospital wage index
(that is, the FY 2010 pre-floor, pre-reclassified hospital wage index because this is the most appropriate index as it best reflects the variation in local labor costs of IPFs in the various geographic areas) using the most recent hospital wage data (that is, data from hospital cost reports for the cost reporting period beginning during FY 2006), and applying an adjustment in accordance with our budget neutrality policy. This policy requires us to estimate the total amount of IPF PPS payments in RY 2010 using the applicable wage index value divided by the total estimated IPF PPS payments in RY 2011 using the most recent wage index. The estimated payments are based on FY 2008 IPF claims, inflated to the appropriate RY. This quotient is the wage index budget neutrality factor, and it is applied in the update of the Federal per diem base rate for RY 2011 in addition to the market basket described in section III.B.1 of this notice. The wage index budget neutrality factor for RY 2011 is 0.9999.
The wage index applicable for RY 2011 appears in Table 1 and Table 2 in Addendum B of this notice. As explained in the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule for RY 2007 (71 FR 27061), the IPF PPS applies the hospital wage index without a hold-harmless policy, and without an out-commuting adjustment or out-migration adjustment because the statutory authority for these policies applies only to the IPPS.
Also in the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule for RY 2007 (71 FR 27061), we adopted the changes discussed in the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) Bulletin No. 03-04 (June 6, 2003), which announced revised definitions for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), and the creation of Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Combined Statistical Areas. In adopting the OMB Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) geographic designations, since the IPF PPS was already in a transition period from
TEFRA payments to PPS payments, we did not provide a separate transition for the CBSA-based wage index.
As was the case in RY 2010, for RY 2011 we will continue to use the
CBSA-based wage index values as presented in Tables 1 and 2 in Addendum
B of this notice. A complete discussion of the CBSA labor market definitions appears in the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule (71 FR 27061 through 27067).
In summary, for RY 2011 we will use the FY 2010 wage index data
(collected from cost reports submitted by hospitals for cost reporting periods beginning during FY 2006) to adjust IPF PPS payments beginning
July 1,2010. c. OMB Bulletins
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) publishes bulletins regarding CBSA changes, including changes to CBSA numbers and titles.
In the May 2008 IPF PPS notice, we incorporated the CBSA nomenclature changes published in the most recent OMB bulletin that applies to the hospital wage data used to determine the current IPF PPS wage index (73
FR 25721). We will continue to do the same for all such OMB CBSA nomenclature changes in future IPF PPS rules and notices, as necessary.
The OMB bulletins may be accessed online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/ omb/bulletins/index.html. 2. Adjustment for Rural Location
In the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we provided a 17 percent payment adjustment for IPFs located in a rural area. This adjustment was based on the regression analysis, which indicated that the per diem cost of rural facilities was 17 percent higher than that of urban facilities after accounting for the influence of the other variables included in the regression. For RY 2011, we are applying a 17 percent payment adjustment for IPFs located in a rural area as defined at Sec. 412.64(b)(1)(ii)(C). As stated in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we do not intend to update the adjustment factors derived from the regression analysis until we are able to analyze IPF PPS data. A complete discussion of the adjustment for rural locations appears in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66954). 3. Teaching Adjustment
In the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we implemented regulations at Sec. 412.424(d)(1)(iii) to establish a facility-level adjustment for IPFs that are, or are part of, teaching hospitals. The teaching adjustment accounts for the higher indirect operating costs experienced by hospitals that participate in graduate medical education (GME) programs. The payment adjustments are made based on the number of full- time equivalent (FTE) interns and residents training in the IPF and the
IPF's average daily census.
Medicare makes direct GME payments (for direct costs such as resident and
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teaching physician salaries, and other direct teaching costs) to all teaching hospitals including those paid under the IPPS, and those that were once paid under the TEFRA rate-of-increase limits but are now paid under other PPSs. These direct GME payments are made separately from payments for hospital operating costs and are not part of the PPSs. The direct GME payments do not address the estimated higher indirect operating costs teaching hospitals may face.
For teaching hospitals paid under the TEFRA rate-of-increase limits, Medicare did not make separate payments for indirect medical education costs because payments to these hospitals were based on the hospitals' reasonable costs which already included these higher indirect costs that may be associated with teaching programs.
The results of the regression analysis of FY 2002 IPF data established the basis for the payment adjustments included in the
November 2004 IPF PPS final rule. The results showed that the indirect teaching cost variable is significant in explaining the higher costs of
IPFs that have teaching programs. We calculated the teaching adjustment based on the IPF's ``teaching variable,'' which is one plus the ratio of the number of FTE residents training in the IPF (subject to limitations described below) to the IPF's average daily census (ADC).
We established the teaching adjustment in a manner that limited the incentives for IPFs to add FTE residents for the purpose of increasing their teaching adjustment. We imposed a cap on the number of FTE residents that may be counted for purposes of calculating the teaching adjustment. We emphasize that the cap limits the number of FTE residents that teaching IPFs may count for the purposes of calculating the IPF PPS teaching adjustment, not the number of residents teaching institutions can hire or train. We calculated the number of FTE residents that trained in the IPF during a ``base year'' and used that
FTE resident number as the cap. An IPF's FTE resident cap is ultimately determined based on the final settlement of the IPF's most recent cost report filed before November 15, 2004 (that is, the publication date of the IPF PPS final rule).
In the regression analysis, the logarithm of the teaching variable had a coefficient value of 0.5150. We converted this cost effect to a teaching payment adjustment by treating the regression coefficient as an exponent and raising the teaching variable to a power equal to the coefficient value. We note that the coefficient value of 0.5150 was based on the regression analysis holding all other components of the payment system constant.
As with other adjustment factors derived through the regression analysis, we do not plan to rerun the regression analysis until we analyze IPF PPS data. Therefore, for RY 2011, we are retaining the coefficient value of 0.5150 for the teaching adjustment to the Federal per diem base rate.
A complete discussion of how the teaching adjustment was calculated appears in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66954 through 66957) and the May 2008 IPF PPS notice (73 FR 25721).
FTE Intern and Resident Cap Adjustment
CMS has been asked to reconsider the current policy on the FTE intern and resident cap adjustment and to permit an increase in the FTE resident cap when the IPF increases the number of FTE residents it trains due to the acceptance of relocated residents when another IPF closes or closes its psychiatry residency program. To help us assess how many IPFs have been, or expect to be adversely affected by their inability to adjust their caps under Sec. 412.424(d)(1) and under these situations, we specifically requested public comment from IPFs in the May 2009 IPF PPS notice (74 FR 20362). A summary of the comments and our response to those comments are below.
Comment: We received several comments on the FTE Intern and
Resident Cap Adjustment. All of the commenters recommended that CMS modify the IPF PPS resident cap policy, supporting a policy change that would permit the IPF PPS residency cap to be increased when residents in a psychiatry residency program must be relocated from one IPF to another due to closure of an IPF or an IPF's psychiatry residency training program. Many commenters expressed concern that a cap on the number of FTE residents used to calculate the teaching adjustment is based on a snapshot of activity essentially ``freezing'' the status of residency education at a random point in time, CY 2004. Commenters stated that it is time to substantially modify the resident cap policy for the IPF PPS. Several commenters stated that this change in residency policy could help address the psychiatrist shortage, and help ensure access to care for beneficiaries who suffer from mental health and substance use disorders. Other commenters pointed out that the demand for health care services will continue to rise with the growing needs of the 78 million ``baby boomers'' who will retire in 2010 and with the recent passage of Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental
Health Parity and Addiction Equality Act of 2008. The commenters further stated that the U.S. already faces a shortage of psychiatrists, and these factors could potentially elevate what is now a problem to what could be a crisis.
Several commenters stated that in FY 2000, CMS instituted a temporary adjustment to the IPPS FTE cap policy when a hospital increases the number of FTE residents it trains due to the acceptance of relocated residents when another hospital closes (64 FR 41552). The commenters further stated that in FY 2002, CMS also implemented a similar policy for acute care hospitals that accept relocated residents from a closed program (66 FR 39899). The commenters indicated that the same need exists for IPFs that accept displaced residents when an IPF closes or when an IPF or acute care hospital closes its psychiatric residency program. The commenters recommended that CMS implement a temporary resident cap increase policy to the current FTE resident cap when an IPF increases the number of FTE residents it trains due to the acceptance of relocated residents. The commenters believe this change is necessary in order to promote consistency among payment systems and to ensure that residents training in psychiatry can continue their training when their original residency training program closes.
Several commenters suggested that although the extent of the problem of displaced psychiatry residents is not clear at this time, the number of inpatient psychiatric units is declining. Therefore, they agreed that a temporary increase in the resident cap, similar to that allowed for acute care hospitals, would provide an incentive for IPFs to accept those psychiatry residents who are displaced by the closure of residency training programs. Some commenters expressed concern that inpatient psychiatric programs are closing in different parts of the country and believe the cap issue could become more of a problem in the future.
One association surveyed IPFs and concluded that the cap does impact IPF training of psychiatric residents. Specifically, they stated that certain IPFs reported that they trained additional residents from a closed residency program and have exceeded their caps because of those residents. Other IPFs in the survey reported that they had been asked to train additional residents but had not agreed because
Page 23119
these additional residents would have caused them to exceed their cap.
Another commenter believes the cap limits the flexibility of health systems to become more efficient by consolidating programs and residency training. This commenter indicated that while they have not heard of many facilities that have experienced a problem exceeding the cap, they were aware of specific cases where it has created problems and prevented some changes in the training of residents from one IPF to another. The example cited was a facility in the northwest that is part of a large health system, wanted to close down their training program in their outpatient department and shift the residents to an IPF owned by the health system. However, they indicated that the cap prevented the system from moving the residents from the outpatient program to the
IPF.
Another commenter believes this change is necessary and has personally encountered this situation when a local IPF was closed and their residents had to be relocated, some of which came to the commenter's facility. The commenter stated that a change in this policy would help keep needed residency slots in the local communities.
One commenter indicated that they trained 24.56 FTE(s), which included 1.60 FTE(s) from a closed IPF. The commenter's cap is 18.18.
The commenter indicated training of the closed IPF's residents did not give them relief from the cap.
Response: We appreciate all comments received on the FTE intern and resident cap adjustment. We will take all comments into consideration as we assess the IPF PPS regulations with respect to developing the policy for the teaching cap adjustment in the future. 4. Cost of Living Adjustment for IPFs Located in Alaska and Hawaii
The IPF PPS includes a payment adjustment for IPFs located in
Alaska and Hawaii based upon the county in which the IPF is located. As we explained in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, the FY 2002 data demonstrated that IPFs in Alaska and Hawaii had per diem costs that were disproportionately higher than other IPFs. Other Medicare PPSs
(for example, the IPPS and LTCH PPS) have adopted a cost of living adjustment (COLA) to account for the cost differential of care furnished in Alaska and Hawaii.
We analyzed the effect of applying a COLA to payments for IPFs located in Alaska and Hawaii. The results of our analysis demonstrated that a COLA for IPFs located in Alaska and Hawaii would improve payment equity for these facilities. As a result of this analysis, we provided a COLA in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule.
A COLA adjustment for IPFs located in Alaska and Hawaii is made by multiplying the non-labor share of the Federal per diem base rate by the applicable COLA factor based on the COLA area in which the IPF is located.
As previously stated in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we will update the COLA factors according to updates established by the
U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), which issued a final rule,
May 28, 2008 to change COLA rates.
The COLA factors are published on the OPM Web site at (http:// www.opm.gov/oca/cola/rates.asp).
We note that the COLA areas for Alaska are not defined by county as are the COLA areas for Hawaii. In 5 CFR 591.207, the OPM established the following COLA areas:
(a) City of Anchorage, and 80-kilometer (50-mile) radius by road, as measured from the Federal courthouse;
(b) City of Fairbanks, and 80-kilometer (50-mile) radius by road, as measured from the Federal courthouse;
(c) City of Juneau, and 80-kilometer (50-mile) radius by road, as measured from the Federal courthouse;
(d) Rest of the State of Alaska.
For RY 2011, IPFs located in Alaska and Hawaii will continue to receive the updated COLA factors based on the COLA area in which the
IPF is located as shown in Table 12 below.
Table 12--COLA Factors for Alaska and Hawaii IPFs
Location
COLA
Alaska:
Anchorage....................................................
1.23
Fairbanks....................................................
1.23
Juneau.......................................................
1.23
Rest of Alaska...............................................
1.25
Hawaii:
Honolulu County..............................................
1.25
Hawaii County................................................
1.18
Kauai County.................................................
1.25
Maui County..................................................
1.25
Kalawao County...............................................
1.25
5. Adjustment for IPFs With a Qualifying Emergency Department (ED)
Currently, the IPF PPS includes a facility-level adjustment for
IPFs with qualifying EDs. We provide an adjustment to the Federal per diem base rate to account for the costs associated with maintaining a full-service ED. The adjustment is intended to account for ED costs incurred by a freestanding psychiatric hospital with a qualifying ED or a distinct part psychiatric unit of an acute hospital or a CAH for preadmission services otherwise payable under the Medicare Outpatient
Prospective Payment System (OPPS) furnished to a beneficiary during the day immediately preceding the date of admission to the IPF (see Sec. 413.40(c)(2)) and the overhead cost of maintaining the ED. This payment is a facility-level adjustment that applies to all IPF admissions (with one exception described below), regardless of whether a particular patient receives preadmission services in the hospital's ED.
The ED adjustment is incorporated into the variable per diem adjustment for the first day of each stay for IPFs with a qualifying
ED. That is, IPFs with a qualifying ED receive an adjustment factor of 1.31 as the variable per diem adjustment for day 1 of each stay. If an
IPF does not have a qualifying ED, it receives an adjustment factor of 1.19 as the variable per diem adjustment for day 1 of each patient stay.
The ED adjustment is made on every qualifying claim except as described below. As specified in Sec. 412.424(d)(1)(v)(B), the ED adjustment is not made where a patient is discharged from an acute care hospital or critical access hospital (CAH) and admitted to the same hospital's or CAH's psychiatric unit. An ED adjustment is not made in this case because the costs associated with ED services are reflected in the DRG payment to the acute care hospital or through the reasonable cost payment made to the CAH. If we provided the ED adjustment in these cases, the hospital would be paid twice for the overhead costs of the
ED, as stated in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66960).
Therefore, when patients are discharged from an acute care hospital or CAH and admitted to the same hospital's or CAH's psychiatric unit, the IPF receives the 1.19 adjustment factor as the variable per diem adjustment for the first day of the patient's stay in the IPF.
For RY 2011, we are retaining the 1.31 adjustment factor for IPFs with qualifying EDs. A complete discussion of the steps involved in the calculation of the ED adjustment factor appears in the November 2004
IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66959 through 66960) and the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule (71 FR 27070 through 27072).
D. Other Payment Adjustments and Policies
For RY 2011, the IPF PPS includes: An outlier adjustment to promote access
Page 23120
to IPF care for those patients who require expensive care and to limit the financial risk of IPFs treating unusually costly patients. In this section, we also explain the reason for ending the stop-loss provision that was applicable during the transition period. 1. Outlier Payments
In the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we implemented regulations at Sec. 412.424(d)(3)(i) to provide a per-case payment for IPF stays that are extraordinarily costly. Providing additional payments to IPFs for extremely costly cases strongly improves the accuracy of the IPF
PPS in determining resource costs at the patient and facility level.
These additional payments reduce the financial losses that would otherwise be incurred in treating patients who require more costly care and, therefore, reduce the incentives for IPFs to under-serve these patients.
We make outlier payments for discharges in which an IPF's estimated total cost for a case exceeds a fixed dollar loss threshold amount
(multiplied by the IPF's facility-level adjustments) plus the Federal per diem payment amount for the case.
In instances when the case qualifies for an outlier payment, we pay 80 percent of the difference between the estimated cost for the case and the adjusted threshold amount for days 1 through 9 of the stay
(consistent with the median LOS for IPFs in FY 2002), and 60 percent of the difference for day 10 and thereafter. We established the 80 percent and 60 percent loss sharing ratios because we were concerned that a single ratio established at 80 percent (like other Medicare PPSs) might provide an incentive under the IPF per diem payment system to increase
LOS in order to receive additional payments. After establishing the loss sharing ratios, we determined the current fixed dollar loss threshold amount of $6,565 through payment simulations designed to compute a dollar loss beyond which payments are estimated to meet the 2 percent outlier spending target. a. Update to the Outlier Fixed Dollar Loss Threshold Amount
In accordance with the update methodology described in Sec. 412.428(d), we are updating the fixed dollar loss threshold amount used under the IPF PPS outlier policy. Based on the regression analysis and payment simulations used to develop the IPF PPS, we established a 2 percent outlier policy which strikes an appropriate balance between protecting IPFs from extraordinarily costly cases while ensuring the adequacy of the Federal per diem base rate for all other cases that are not outlier cases.
We believe it is necessary to update the fixed dollar loss threshold amount because analysis of the latest available data (that is, FY 2008 IPF claims) and rate increases indicates adjusting the fixed dollar loss amount is necessary in order to maintain an outlier percentage that equals 2 percent of total estimated IPF PPS payments.
In the May 2006 IPF PPS final rule (71 FR 27072), we describe the process by which we calculate the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount. We continue to use this process for RY 2011. We begin by simulating aggregate payments with and without an outlier policy, and applying an iterative process to determine an outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount that will result in outlier payments being equal to 2 percent of total estimated payments under the simulation. Based on this process, we are updating the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount to $6,372 to maintain estimated outlier payments at 2 percent of total estimated IPF payments for RY 2011. b. Statistical Accuracy of Cost-to-Charge Ratios
As previously stated, under the IPF PPS, an outlier payment is made if an IPF's cost for a stay exceeds a fixed dollar loss threshold amount. In order to establish an IPF's cost for a particular case, we multiply the IPF's reported charges on the discharge bill by its overall cost-to-charge ratio (CCR). This approach to determining an
IPF's cost is consistent with the approach used under the IPPS and other PPSs. In FY 2004, we implemented changes to the IPPS outlier policy used to determine CCRs for acute care hospitals because we became aware that payment vulnerabilities resulted in inappropriate outlier payments. Under the IPPS, we established a statistical measure of accuracy for CCRs in order to ensure that aberrant CCR data did not result in inappropriate outlier payments.
As we indicated in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, because we believe that the IPF outlier policy is susceptible to the same payment vulnerabilities as the IPPS, we adopted an approach to ensure the statistical accuracy of CCRs under the IPF PPS (69 FR 66961).
Therefore, we adopted the following procedure in the November 2004 IPF
PPS final rule:
We calculated two national ceilings, one for IPFs located in rural areas and one for IPFs located in urban areas. We computed the ceilings by first calculating the national average and the standard deviation of the CCR for both urban and rural IPFs.
To determine the rural and urban ceilings, we multiplied each of the standard deviations by 3 and added the result to the appropriate national CCR average (either rural or urban). The upper threshold CCR for IPFs in RY 2011 is 1.7383 for rural IPFs, and 1.7377 for urban
IPFs, based on CBSA-based geographic designations. If an IPF's CCR is above the applicable ceiling, the ratio is considered statistically inaccurate and we assign the appropriate national (either rural or urban) median CCR to the IPF.
We are applying the national CCRs to the following situations:
++ New IPFs that have not yet submitted their first Medicare cost report.
++ IPFs whose overall CCR is in excess of 3 standard deviations above the corresponding national geometric mean (that is, above the ceiling).
++ Other IPFs for which the Medicare contractor obtains inaccurate or incomplete data with which to calculate a CCR.
For new IPFs, we are using these national CCRs until the facility's actual CCR can be computed using the first tentatively or final settled cost report.
We are not making any changes to the procedures for ensuring the statistical accuracy of CCRs in RY 2011. However, we are updating the national urban and rural CCRs (ceilings and medians) for IPFs for RY 2011 based on the CCRs entered in the latest available IPF PPS Provider
Specific File.
The national CCRs for RY 2011 are 0.6480 for rural IPFs and 0.5170 for urban IPFs and will be used in each of the three situations listed above. These calculations are based on the IPF's location (either urban or rural) using the CBSA-based geographic designations.
A complete discussion regarding the national median CCRs appears in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66961 through 66964). 2. Expiration of the Stop-Loss Provision
In the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule, we implemented a stop-loss policy that reduced financial risk to IPFs projected to experience substantial reductions in Medicare payments during the period of transition to the IPF PPS. This stop-loss policy guaranteed that each facility received total IPF PPS payments that were no less than 70 percent of its TEFRA payments had the IPF PPS not been implemented.
This policy was applied to the IPF PPS portion of Medicare payments during the 3-year transition.
Page 23121
In the implementation year, the 70 percent of TEFRA payment stop- loss policy required a reduction in the standardized Federal per diem and ECT base rates of 0.39 percent in order to make the stop-loss payments budget neutral. As described in the May 2008 IPF PPS notice for RY 2009, we increased the Federal per diem base rate and ECT rate by 0.39 percent because these rates were reduced by 0.39 percent in the implementation year to ensure stop-loss payments were budget neutral.
The stop-loss provision ended during RY 2009 (that is for discharges occurring on or after July 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009).
The stop-loss policy is no longer applicable under the IPF PPS.
V. Comments Beyond the Scope of the May 2009 IPF PPS Notice With
Request for Comments
In the May 2009 IPF PPS notice, which specifically solicited comments on the IPF PPS teaching adjustment and the market basket, we received several public comments which were outside the scope of that notice. Below, we are providing a summary of the comments and our response.
Comment: Two commenters recommended that CMS continue its study of the wage index in favor of future changes that create a more equitable system and adequately reimburse hospitals for providing quality care to beneficiaries. The commenters recommend that the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) data approach be used to construct a hospital compensation index. They support the elimination of the separate
Occupational Mix Survey documents and the large additional reporting burden it creates for hospitals.
One commenter expressed concern that a large increase in the fixed dollar threshold amount will significantly reduce the number of inpatient cases eligible for outlier payments and consequently, further reduce the ability of psychiatric facilities to provide necessary psychiatric care to Medicare beneficiaries. The commenter recommends that CMS continue examining its data to determine more specifically the causes for the increase and if further analysis suggests that the threshold increase is still valid, CMS should publish these reasons as part of the final rule.
One commenter recommended that CMS revisit the Variable Per Diem
Adjustments that have been established in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule (69 FR 66946) and to validate these adjustments based on current claim information. The commenter believes the current system does not reflect all factors affecting cost. The example cited was that inpatient prospective payment system facilities receive a special payment treatment for servicing a disproportionate share of low-income patients, which is intended to reimburse a facility for additional cost incurred for handling such patients. The commenter stated that the current IPF PPS payment system does not consider this type of patient in its payment mechanism.
Response: We are not addressing these comments in this notice because they are beyond the scope of the May 2009 notice. However, we will consider the comments and decide whether to take actions based on the information or recommendations of the commenters in future rulemaking.
VI. Waiver of Proposed Rulemaking
We ordinarily publish a notice of proposed rulemaking in the
Federal Register to provide a period for public comment before the provisions of a rule take effect. We can waive this procedure, however, if we find good cause that notice and comment procedures are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest and we incorporate a statement of finding and its reasons in the notice. We find it is unnecessary to undertake notice and comment rulemaking for the update in this notice because the update does not make any substantive changes in policy, but merely reflects the application of previously established methodologies. In addition, new section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the Act requires the application of an ``Other
Adjustment'' to the update to the IPF PPS base rate in RY 2011. We applied the statutorily-required adjustment in this notice. We find that notice and comment rulemaking is unnecessary to implement that statutory provision because it is a self-implementing provision of law, not requiring the exercise of any discretion on the part of CMS.
Therefore, under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(3)(B), for good cause, we waive notice and comment procedures.
VII. Collection of Information Requirements
This document does not impose any information collection and recordkeeping requirements. Consequently, it need not be reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget under the authority of the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 35).
VIII. Regulatory Impact Analysis
A. Overall Impact
We have examined the impacts of this notice as required by
Executive Order 12866 (September 1993, Regulatory Planning and Review), the September 19, 1980 Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (Pub. L. 96- 354), section 1102(b) of the Act, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4), Executive Order 13132 on Federalism, and the
Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 804(2)).
Executive Order 12866 directs agencies to assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). A regulatory impact analysis (RIA) must be prepared for major rules with economically significant effects ($100 million or more in any 1 year). Although this notice does not meet the $100 million threshold established by
Executive Order 12866, we are considering this notice to be
``economically significant'' because the redistributive effects are estimated to be close to constituting a shift of $100 million. For purposes of Title 5, United States Code, section 804(2), we estimate that this rulemaking is ``economically significant'', and is also a major rule under the Congressional Review Act. Accordingly, we have prepared a Regulatory Impact Analysis that to the best of our ability presents the costs and benefits of the rulemaking on the 1,679 IPFs.
The updates to the IPF labor-related share and wage indices are made in a budget neutral manner and thus have no effect on estimated costs to the Medicare program. Therefore, the estimated increased cost to the Medicare program is due to the update to the IPF payment rates, which results in an approximate $91 million increase in payments (due to the 2.4% market basket increase with the 0.25% ``Other Adjustment'' reduction, as required by new section 1886(a)(3)(A) of the Act, and the update to the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount, which results in about a $4 million increase in payments). The distribution of these impacts is summarized in Table 13. The net effect of the updates described in this notice results in an overall estimated $95 million increase in payments from RY 2010 to RY 2011.
The RFA requires agencies to analyze options for regulatory relief of small businesses, if a rule has a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. For purposes of the RFA, we estimate that the great majority of IPFs are small entities as that term is used in the RFA (include small businesses, nonprofit organizations, and small
Page 23122
governmental jurisdictions). The majority of hospitals and most other health care providers and suppliers are small entities, either by being nonprofit organizations or by meeting the SBA definition of a small business (having revenues of $7 million to $34.5 million in any 1 year). (For details, see the Small Business Administration's Interim final rule that set forth size standards at 70 FR 72577, December 6, 2005.) Because we lack data on individual hospital receipts, we cannot determine the number of small proprietary IPFs or the proportion of
IPFs' revenue that is derived from Medicare payments. Therefore, we assume that all IPFs are considered small entities. The Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) generally uses a revenue impact of 3 to 5 percent as a significance threshold under the RFA. As shown in Table 13, we estimate that the net revenue impact of this notice on all IPFs is to increase estimated payments by about 2.26 percent. Since the estimated impact of this notice is a net increase in revenue across all categories of IPFs, we believe that this notice would not impose a significant burden on small entities. Medicare fiscal intermediaries and carriers are not considered to be small entities. Individuals and
States are not included in the definition of a small entity.
Although section 1102(b) of the Act applies to regulations for which a proposed rule is published, the HHS policy is to prepare an analysis of the impact on small rural hospitals for any regulation published. As a result, we are voluntarily determining whether this notice will have a significant impact on the operations of a substantial number of small rural hospitals. For purposes of section 1102(b) of the Act, we define a small rural hospital as a hospital with fewer than 100 beds that is located outside of an MSA. As discussed in detail below, the rates and policies set forth in this notice will not have an adverse impact on the rural hospitals based on the data of the 312 rural units and 64 rural hospitals in our database of 1,679 IPFs for which data were available.
Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) also requires that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits before issuing any rule whose mandates require spending in any 1 year of $100 million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for inflation. In 2010, that threshold is approximately $135 million. This notice will not impose spending costs on State, local, or Tribal governments in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $135 million.
Executive Order 13132 establishes certain requirements that an agency must meet when it promulgates a proposed rule (and subsequent final rule) that imposes substantial direct requirement costs on State and local governments, preempts State law, or otherwise has Federalism implications. We have reviewed this notice under the criteria set forth in Executive Order 13132 and have determined that the notice will not have any substantial direct impact on State or local governments, preempt State law, or otherwise have a Federalism implication.
B. Anticipated Effects
We discuss below the historical background of the IPF PPS and the impact of this notice on the Federal Medicare budget and on IPFs. 1. Budgetary Impact
As discussed in the November 2004 and May 2006 IPF PPS final rules, we applied a budget neutrality factor to the Federal per diem and ECT base rates to ensure that total estimated payments under the IPF PPS in the implementation period would equal the amount that would have been paid if the IPF PPS had not been implemented. The budget neutrality factor includes the following components: Outlier adjustment, stop-loss adjustment, and the behavioral offset. As discussed in the May 2008 IPF
PPS notice (73 FR 25711), the stop-loss adjustment is no longer applicable under the IPF PPS.
In accordance with Sec. 412.424(c)(3)(ii), we indicated that we would evaluate the accuracy of the budget neutrality adjustment within the first 5 years after implementation of the payment system. We may make a one-time prospective adjustment to the Federal per diem and ECT base rates to account for differences between the historical data on cost-based TEFRA payments (the basis of the budget neutrality adjustment) and estimates of TEFRA payments based on actual data from the first year of the IPF PPS. As part of that process, we will reassess the accuracy of all of the factors impacting budget neutrality.
In addition, as discussed in section III.B.2 of this notice, we are using the wage index and labor market share in a budget neutral manner by applying a wage index budget neutrality factor to the Federal per diem and ECT base rates. Therefore, the budgetary impact to the
Medicare program by this update to the IPF PPS will be due to the market basket update (see section III.B.2.a of this notice) with the
``Other Adjustment,'' as required by new section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the
Act, and the update to the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount. 2. Impacts on Providers
To understand the impact of the changes to the IPF PPS on providers, discussed in this notice, it is necessary to compare estimated payments under the IPF PPS rates and factors for RY 2011 versus those under RY 2010. The estimated payments for RY 2010 and RY 2011 will be 100 percent of the IPF PPS payment, since the transition period has ended and stop-loss payments are no longer paid. We determined the percent change of estimated RY 2011 IPF PPS payments to estimated RY 2010 IPF PPS payments for each category of IPFs. In addition, for each category of IPFs, we have included the estimated percent change in payments resulting from the update to the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount, the wage index changes for the RY 2011 IPF PPS, and the market basket update, as adjusted by the ``Other
Adjustment''.
To illustrate the impacts of the final RY 2011 changes in this notice, our analysis begins with an RY 2010 baseline simulation model based on FY 2008 IPF payments inflated to the midpoint of RY 2010 using
IHS Global Insight's most recent forecast of the market basket update
(see section III.2.b of this notice); the estimated outlier payments in
RY 2010; the CBSA designations for IPFs based on OMB's MSA definitions after June 2003; the FY 2009 pre-floor, pre-reclassified hospital wage index; the RY 2010 labor-market share; and the RY 2010 percentage amount of the rural adjustment. During the simulation, the total estimated outlier payments are maintained at 2 percent of total estimated IPF PPS payments.
Each of the following changes is added incrementally to this baseline model in order for us to isolate the effects of each change:
The update to the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount.
The FY 2010 pre-floor, pre-reclassified hospital wage index and RY 2011 final labor-related share.
Our final comparison illustrates the percent change in payments from RY 2010 (that is, July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010) to RY 2011 (that is, July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011) and includes a 2.4 percent market basket update to the IPF PPS base rates with a -0.25%
``Other Adjustment'' to the IPF PPS base rates, as required by new section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the Act.
Page 23123
Table 13--Projected Impacts
Projected impacts (% Change)
Total with
Number of
CBSA wage
market basket
Facility by type
facilities
Outlier
index & labor
& other share
adjustment \1\
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
All Facilities..................................
1,679
0.11
0.00
2.26
Total Urban.....................................
1,303
0.11
0.02
2.28
Total Rural.....................................
376
0.09
-0.10
2.14
Urban DPU.......................................
899
0.15
-0.01
2.29
Urban CAH unit..................................
14
0.35
-0.30
2.20
Urban hospital..................................
390
0.03
0.07
2.26
Rural DPU.......................................
259
0.11
-0.13
2.13
Rural CAH unit..................................
53
0.06
0.17
2.39
Rural hospital..................................
64
0.03
-0.13
2.05
Freestanding IPF By Type of Ownership:
Urban Psychiatric Hospitals:
Government..............................
170
0.03
0.03
2.22
Non-Profit..............................
115
0.03
0.16
2.35
For-Profit..............................
105
0.03
0.02
2.20
Rural Psychiatric Hospitals:
Government..............................
41
0.03
-0.51
1.66
Non-Profit..............................
10
0.04
0.20
2.40
For-Profit..............................
13
0.01
0.88
3.06
IPF Units By Type of Ownership:
Urban DPU:
Government..............................
156
0.23
0.30
2.69
Non-Profit..............................
616
0.14
-0.13
2.17
For-Profit..............................
127
0.10
0.12
2.37
Urban CAH:
Government..............................
5
0.53
-1.61
1.03
Non-Profit..............................
8
0.28
0.13
2.56
For-Profit..............................
1
0.03
3.18
5.43
Rural DPU:
Government..............................
61
0.12
0.08
2.35
Non-Profit..............................
150
0.11
-0.26
2.00
For-Profit..............................
48
0.11
-0.03
2.24
Rural CAH:
Government..............................
21
0.05
0.43
2.64
Non-Profit..............................
28
0.07
-0.01
2.21
For-Profit..............................
4
0.07
0.09
2.32
By Teaching Status:
Non-teaching................................
1,442
0.10
-0.03
2.22
Less than 10% interns and residents to beds.
131
0.11
0.15
2.42 10% to 30% interns and residents to beds....
73
0.19
0.07
2.41
More than 30% interns and residents to beds.
33
0.27
-0.11
2.31
By Region:
New England.................................
118
0.15
0.52
2.83
Mid-Atlantic................................
285
0.09
-0.04
2.20
South Atlantic..............................
234
0.09
-0.03
2.21
East North Central..........................
284
0.14
-0.40
1.88
East South Central..........................
167
0.08
0.01
2.24
West North Central..........................
149
0.11
0.07
2.33
West South Central..........................
228
0.09
-0.08
2.16
Mountain....................................
85
0.11
0.67
2.95
Pacific.....................................
129
0.15
0.02
2.32
By Bed Size:
Psychiatric Hospitals:
Under 12 beds...........................
3
0.01
-0.31
1.84
Beds: 12-24.............................
64
0.08
0.60
2.85
Beds: 25-49.............................
69
0.08
0.09
2.32
Beds: 50-75.............................
74
0.04
0.58
2.78
Over 75 beds............................
244
0.02
-0.13
2.03
Psychiatric Units:
Under 12 beds...........................
191
0.18
-0.09
2.24
Beds: 12-24.............................
529
0.16
-0.16
2.14
Beds: 25-49.............................
335
0.14
0.00
2.30
Beds: 50-75.............................
106
0.13
-0.15
2.13
Page 23124
Over 75 beds............................
64
0.13
0.36
2.65
\1\ This column shows changes in payments from RY 2010 to RY 2011. It reflects the impact of the RY 2011 market basket update with the ``Other Adjustment'' for the rate year beginning in 2010, as required by new section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the Act. The RY 2011 market basket update is 2.4% and the ``Other Adjustment'' for the rate year beginning in 2010 is -0.25%. It incorporates all of the changes displayed in Columns 3 and 4. The product of these impacts may be different from the percentage changes shown here due to rounding effects. 3. Results
Table 13 above displays the results of our analysis. The table groups IPFs into the categories listed below based on characteristics provided in the Provider of Services (POS) file, the IPF provider specific file, and cost report data from HCRIS:
Facility Type.
Location.
Teaching Status Adjustment.
Census Region.
Size.
The top row of the table shows the overall impact on the 1,679 IPFs included in the analysis.
In column 3, we present the effects of the update to the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold amount. We estimate total outlier payments in RY 2010 to be approximately 1.9 percent of total estimated payments.
Therefore, we are updating the threshold from $6,565 in RY 2010 to
$6,372 in RY 2011 in order to maintain total estimated outlier payments equal to 2 percent of total estimated payments for RY 2011. The overall aggregate effect of this change (as shown in column 3 of table 13), across all hospital groups, is to increase total estimated payments to
IPFs by about 0.11 percent. All categories of IPFs are projected to receive either an increase or no change in payments. There are distributional effects of this change among different categories of
IPFs. Urban and rural, freestanding psychiatric hospitals; urban, for- profit IPF units located in CAHs; and psychiatric hospitals with under 12 beds and 50 or more will experience approximately a zero percent change in their payments. Alternatively, urban, government IPF units located in CAHs will receive the largest increase of 0.53 percent.
In column 4, we present the effects of the budget-neutral update to the labor-related share and the wage index adjustment under the CBSA geographic area definitions announced by OMB in June 2003. This is a comparison of the simulated RY 2011 payments under the FY 2010 hospital wage index under CBSA classification and associated labor-related share to the simulated RY 2010 payments under the FY 2009 hospital wage index under CBSA classifications and associated labor-related share. We note that there is no projected change in aggregate payments to IPFs, as indicated in the first row of column 4. However, there would be distributional effects among different categories of IPFs. For example, urban, government IPF units located in CAHs will experience a 1.61 percent decrease in payments. An urban, for-profit IPF CAH unit will receive the largest increase of 3.18 percent.
Column 5 compares our estimates of the changes reflected in this notice for RY 2011, to our estimates of payments for RY 2010 (without these changes). This column reflects all RY 2011 changes relative to RY 2010 (as shown in columns 3 and 4 and including the market basket update with the -.25% ``Other Adjustment''). The average increase for all IPFs is approximately 2.26 percent. This increase includes the effects of the market basket update (2.4%) with the ``Other
Adjustment'' (-0.25%) resulting in a 2.15 percent increase in total RY 2011 payments, and an approximate 0.11 percent increase in RY 2011 payments due to the update to the outlier fixed dollar loss threshold.
Overall, the largest payment increases ranging from 3.06 percent to 5.43 percent are projected to be among rural, for-profit freestanding
IPFs and urban, for-profit IPF units located in CAHs. Urban, government
IPF units located in CAHs will receive the smallest increase of 1.03 percent. 4. Effect on the Medicare Program
Based on actuarial projections resulting from our experience with other PPSs, we estimate that Medicare spending (total Medicare program payments) for IPF services over the next 5 years would be as shown in
Table 14 below.
Table 14--Estimated Payments
Dollars
Rate year
in millions
July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011................................
$4,438
July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012................................
4,685
July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013................................
4,930
July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014................................
5,178
July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015................................
5,450
These estimates are based on the current forecast of the increases in the RPL market basket, including an adjustment for productivity, for which we are using a preliminary estimate, for the rate year beginning in 2012 and each subsequent rate year, as required by new section 1886(s)(3)(A) of the Act, as follows: 2.4 percent for rate years beginning in 2010 (RY 2011). 2.9 percent for rate years beginning in 2011 (RY 2012). 1.7 percent for rate years beginning in 2012 (RY 2013). 1.9 percent for rate years beginning in 2013 (RY 2014). 2.1 percent for rate years beginning in 2014 (RY 2015).
The estimates in Table 14 also include the application of the
``Other Adjustment,'' as required by section 1886(s)(A)(3) of the Act, as follows:
-0.25 percent for rate years beginning in 2010.
-0.25 percent for rate years beginning in 2011.
-0.1 percent for rate years beginning in 2012.
-0.1 percent for rate years beginning in 2013.
-0.3 percent for rate years beginning in 2014.
We estimate that there would be a change in fee-for-service
Medicare beneficiary enrollment as follows: 2.5 percent in RY 2011. 3.2 percent in RY 2012. 3.1 percent in RY 2013.
Page 23125
3.1 percent in RY 2014. 2.8 percent in RY 2015. 5. Effect on Beneficiaries
Under the IPF PPS, IPFs will receive payment based on the average resources consumed by patients for each day. We do not expect changes in the quality of care or access to services for Medicare beneficiaries under the RY 2011 IPF PPS. In fact, we believe that access to IPF services will be enhanced due to the patient- and facility-level adjustment factors, all of which are intended to adequately reimburse
IPFs for expensive cases. Finally, the outlier policy is intended to assist IPFs that experience high-cost cases.
C. Alternatives Considered
The statute does not specify an update strategy for the IPF PPS and is broadly written to give the Secretary discretion in establishing an update methodology. Therefore, we are updating the IPF PPS using the methodology published in the November 2004 IPF PPS final rule.
We note that this notice does not initiate any policy changes with regard to the IPF PPS; rather, it simply provides an update to the rates for RY 2011. Therefore, no options were considered.
D. Accounting Statement
As required by OMB Circular A-4 (available at http:// www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a004/a-4.pdf), in Table 15 below, we have prepared an accounting statement showing the classification of the expenditures associated with the provisions of this notice. This table provides our best estimate of the increase in Medicare payments under the IPF PPS notice, as a result of the changes presented in this notice, and based on the data for 1,679 IPFs in our database. All expenditures are classified as transfers to Medicare providers (that is, IPFs).
Table 15--Accounting Statement: Classification of Estimated
Expenditures, From the 2010 IPF PPS RY to the 2011 IPF PPS RY
In millions
Category
Transfers
Annualized Monetized Transfers............ $95.
From Whom To Whom?
Federal Government To IPF
Medicare Providers.
In accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 12866, this notice was reviewed by OMB.
(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Program No. 93.773,
Medicare--Hospital Insurance; and Program No. 93.774, Medicare--
Supplementary Medical Insurance Program)
Dated: March 4, 2010.
Charlene Frizzera,
Acting Administrator, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Approved: April 20, 2010.
Kathleen Sebelius,
Secretary.
Addendum A--Rate and Adjustment Factors
Per Diem Rate
Federal Per Diem Base Rate.................................... $665.71
Labor Share (0.75400)......................................... 501.95
Non-Labor Share (0.24600)..................................... 163.76
Fixed Dollar Loss Threshold Amount: $6,372.
Wage Index Budget Neutrality Factor: 0.9999.
Facility Adjustments
Rural Adjustment Factor................... 1.17.
Teaching Adjustment Factor................ 0.5150.
Wage Index................................ Pre-reclass Hospital Wage
Index (FY 2010).
Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs)
Alaska
Anchorage.....................................................
1.23
Fairbanks.....................................................
1.23
Juneau........................................................
1.23
Rest of Alaska................................................
1.25
Hawaii
Honolulu County...............................................
1.25
Hawaii County.................................................
1.18
Kauai County..................................................
1.25
Maui County...................................................
1.25
Kalawao County................................................
1.25
Patient Adjustments
ECT--Per Treatment............................................ $286.60
Variable Per Diem Adjustments
Adjustment factor
Day 1--Facility Without a Qualifying Emergency Department..
1.19
Day 1--Facility With a Qualifying Emergency Department.....
1.31
Day 2......................................................
1.12
Day 3......................................................
1.08
Day 4......................................................
1.05
Day 5......................................................
1.04
Day 6......................................................
1.02
Day 7......................................................
1.01
Day 8......................................................
1.01
Day 9......................................................
1.00
Day 10.....................................................
1.00
Day 11.....................................................
0.99
Day 12.....................................................
0.99
Day 13.....................................................
0.99
Day 14.....................................................
0.99
Day 15.....................................................
0.98
Day 16.....................................................
0.97
Day 17.....................................................
0.97
Day 18.....................................................
0.96
Day 19.....................................................
0.95
Day 20.....................................................
0.95
Day 21.....................................................
0.95
After Day 21...............................................
0.92
Age Adjustments
Adjustment
Age (in years)
factor
Under 45...................................................
1.00 45 and under 50............................................
1.01 50 and under 55............................................
1.02 55 and under 60............................................
1.04 60 and under 65............................................
1.07 65 and under 70............................................
1.10 70 and under 75............................................
1.13 75 and under 80............................................
1.15 80 and over................................................
1.17
DRG Adjustments
Adjustment
MS-DRG
MS-DRG descriptions
factor
056........................................ Degenerative nervous system disorders w MCC...........
1.05
Page 23126
057........................................ Degenerative nervous system disorders w/o MCC......... 080........................................ Nontraumatic stupor & coma w MCC......................
1.07 081........................................ Nontraumatic stupor & coma w/o MCC.................... 876........................................ O.R. procedure w principal diagnoses of mental illness
1.22 880........................................ Acute adjustment reaction & psychosocial dysfunction..
1.05 881........................................ Depressive neuroses...................................
0.99 882........................................ Neuroses except depressive............................
1.02 883........................................ Disorders of personality & impulse control............
1.02 884........................................ Organic disturbances & mental retardation.............
1.03 885........................................ Psychoses.............................................
1.00 886........................................ Behavioral & developmental disorders..................
0.99 887........................................ Other mental disorder diagnoses.......................
0.92 894........................................ Alcohol/drug abuse or dependence, left AMA............
0.97 895........................................ Alcohol/drug abuse or dependence w rehabilitation
1.02 therapy. 896........................................ Alcohol/drug abuse or dependence w/o rehabilitation
0.88 therapy w MCC. 897........................................ Alcohol/drug abuse or dependence w/o rehabilitation therapy w/o MCC.
Comorbidity Adjustments
Adjustment
Comorbidity
factor
Developmental Disabilities.................................
1.04
Coagulation Factor Deficit.................................
1.13
Tracheostomy...............................................
1.06
Eating and Conduct Disorders...............................
1.12
Infectious Diseases........................................
1.07
Renal Failure, Acute.......................................
1.11
Renal Failure, Chronic.....................................
1.11
Oncology Treatment.........................................
1.07
Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus.............................
1.05
Severe Protein Malnutrition................................
1.13
Drug/Alcohol Induced Mental Disorders......................
1.03
Cardiac Conditions.........................................
1.11
Gangrene...................................................
1.10
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease......................
1.12
Artificial Openings--Digestive & Urinary...................
1.08
Severe Musculoskeletal & Connective Tissue Diseases........
1.09
Poisoning..................................................
1.11
Addendum B--RY 2011 CBSA Wage Index Tables
In this addendum, we provide Tables 1 and 2 which indicate the
CBSA-based wage index values for urban and rural providers.
Table 1--RY 2011 Wage Index For Urban Areas Based on CBSA Labor Market
Areas
Wage
CBSA code
Urban area (constituent counties)
index
10180.................... Abilene, TX........................ 0.7946
Callahan County, TX
Jones County, TX
Taylor County, TX 10380.................... Aguadilla-Isabela-San
0.3462
Sebasti[aacute]n, PR.
Aguada Municipio, PR
Aguadilla Municipio, PR
A[ntilde]asco Municipio, PR
Isabela Municipio, PR
Lares Municipio, PR
Moca Municipio, PR
Rinc[oacute]n Municipio, PR
San Sebasti[aacute]n Municipio, PR 10420.................... Akron, OH.......................... 0.8850
Portage County, OH
Summit County, OH 10500.................... Albany, GA......................... 0.8899
Page 23127
Baker County, GA
Dougherty County, GA
Lee County, GA
Terrell County, GA
Worth County, GA 10580.................... Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY........ 0.8777
Albany County, NY
Rensselaer County, NY
Saratoga County, NY
Schenectady County, NY
Schoharie County, NY 10740.................... Albuquerque, NM.................... 0.9399
Bernalillo County, NM
Sandoval County, NM
Torrance County, NM
Valencia County, NM 10780.................... Alexandria, LA..................... 0.8012
Grant Parish, LA
Rapides Parish, LA 10900.................... Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ.. 0.9611
Warren County, NJ
Carbon County, PA
Lehigh County, PA
Northampton County, PA 11020.................... Altoona, PA........................ 0.8863
Blair County, PA 11100.................... Amarillo, TX....................... 0.8689
Armstrong County, TX
Carson County, TX
Potter County, TX
Randall County, TX 11180.................... Ames, IA........................... 0.9493
Story County, IA 11260.................... Anchorage, AK...................... 1.2013
Anchorage Municipality, AK
Matanuska-Susitna Borough, AK 11300.................... Anderson, IN....................... 0.9052
Madison County, IN 11340.................... Anderson, SC....................... 0.9023
Anderson County, SC 11460.................... Ann Arbor, MI...................... 1.0293
Washtenaw County, MI 11500.................... Anniston-Oxford, AL................ 0.7643
Calhoun County, AL 11540.................... Appleton, WI....................... 0.9289
Calumet County, WI
Outagamie County, WI 11700.................... Asheville, NC...................... 0.9057
Buncombe County, NC
Haywood County, NC
Henderson County, NC
Madison County, NC 12020.................... Athens-Clarke County, GA........... 0.9492
Clarke County, GA
Madison County, GA
Oconee County, GA
Oglethorpe County, GA 12060.................... Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA. 0.9591
Barrow County, GA
Bartow County, GA
Butts County, GA
Carroll County, GA
Cherokee County, GA
Clayton County, GA
Cobb County, GA
Coweta County, GA
Dawson County, GA
DeKalb County, GA
Douglas County, GA
Fayette County, GA
Forsyth County, GA
Page 23128
Fulton County, GA
Gwinnett County, GA
Haralson County, GA
Heard County, GA
Henry County, GA
Jasper County, GA
Lamar County, GA
Meriwether County, GA
Newton County, GA
Paulding County, GA
Pickens County, GA
Pike County, GA
Rockdale County, GA
Spalding County, GA
Walton County, GA 12100.................... Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ........ 1.1554
Atlantic County, NJ 12220.................... Auburn-Opelika, AL................. 0.8138
Lee County, AL 12260.................... Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC..... 0.9409
Burke County, GA
Columbia County, GA
McDuffie County, GA
Richmond County, GA
Aiken County, SC
Edgefield County, SC 12420.................... Austin-Round Rock, TX.............. 0.9518
Bastrop County, TX
Caldwell County, TX
Hays County, TX
Travis County, TX
Williamson County, TX 12540.................... Bakersfield, CA.................... 1.1232
Kern County, CA 12580.................... Baltimore-Towson, MD............... 1.0214
Anne Arundel County, MD
Baltimore County, MD
Carroll County, MD
Harford County, MD
Howard County, MD
Queen Anne's County, MD
Baltimore City, MD 12620.................... Bangor, ME......................... 1.0154
Penobscot County, ME 12700.................... Barnstable Town, MA................ 1.2618
Barnstable County, MA 12940.................... Baton Rouge, LA.................... 0.8180
Ascension Parish, LA
East Baton Rouge Parish, LA
East Feliciana Parish, LA
Iberville Parish, LA
Livingston Parish, LA
Pointe Coupee Parish, LA
St. Helena Parish, LA
West Baton Rouge Parish, LA
West Feliciana Parish, LA 12980.................... Battle Creek, MI................... 1.0000
Calhoun County, MI 13020.................... Bay City, MI....................... 0.9267
Bay County, MI 13140.................... Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX........... 0.8383
Hardin County, TX
Jefferson County, TX
Orange County, TX 13380.................... Bellingham, WA..................... 1.1395
Whatcom County, WA 13460.................... Bend, OR........................... 1.1446
Deschutes County, OR 13644.................... Bethesda-Frederick-Gaithersburg, MD 1.0298
Frederick County, MD
Montgomery County, MD
Page 23129
13740.................... Billings, MT....................... 0.8781
Carbon County, MT
Yellowstone County, MT 13780.................... Binghamton, NY..................... 0.8780
Broome County, NY
Tioga County, NY 13820.................... Birmingham-Hoover, AL.............. 0.8554
Bibb County, AL
Blount County, AL
Chilton County, AL
Jefferson County, AL
St. Clair County, AL
Shelby County, AL
Walker County, AL 13900.................... Bismarck, ND....................... 0.7637
Burleigh County, ND
Morton County, ND 13980.................... Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford,
0.8394
VA.
Giles County, VA
Montgomery County, VA
Pulaski County, VA
Radford City, VA 14020.................... Bloomington, IN.................... 0.9043
Greene County, IN
Monroe County, IN
Owen County, IN 14060.................... Bloomington-Normal, IL............. 0.9378
McLean County, IL 14260.................... Boise City-Nampa, ID............... 0.9318
Ada County, ID
Boise County, ID
Canyon County, ID
Gem County, ID
Owyhee County, ID 14484.................... Boston-Quincy, MA.................. 1.2186
Norfolk County, MA
Plymouth County, MA
Suffolk County, MA 14500.................... Boulder, CO........................ 1.0266
Boulder County, CO 14540.................... Bowling Green, KY.................. 0.8469
Edmonson County, KY
Warren County, KY 14600.................... Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, FL...... 0.9735
Manatee County, FL
Sarasota County, FL 14740.................... Bremerton-Silverdale, WA........... 1.0755
Kitsap County, WA 14860.................... Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT.... 1.2792
Fairfield County, CT 15180.................... Brownsville-Harlingen, TX.......... 0.9020
Cameron County, TX 15260.................... Brunswick, GA...................... 0.9178
Brantley County, GA
Glynn County, GA
McIntosh County, GA 15380.................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY.......... 0.9740
Erie County, NY
Niagara County, NY 15500.................... Burlington, NC..................... 0.8749
Alamance County, NC 15540.................... Burlington-South Burlington, VT.... 1.0106
Chittenden County, VT
Franklin County, VT
Grand Isle County, VT 15764.................... Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA.... 1.1278
Middlesex County, MA 15804.................... Camden, NJ......................... 1.0374
Burlington County, NJ
Camden County, NJ
Gloucester County, NJ
Page 23130
15940.................... Canton-Massillon, OH............... 0.8813
Carroll County, OH
Stark County, OH 15980.................... Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL.......... 0.9076
Lee County, FL 16020.................... Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL...... 0.9047
Alexander County, IL
Bollinger County, MO
Cape Girardeau County, MO 16180.................... Carson City, NV.................... 1.0531
Carson City, NV 16220.................... Casper, WY......................... 0.9520
Natrona County, WY 16300.................... Cedar Rapids, IA................... 0.8984
Benton County, IA
Jones County, IA
Linn County, IA 16580.................... Champaign-Urbana, IL............... 1.0108
Champaign County, IL
Ford County, IL
Piatt County, IL 16620.................... Charleston, WV..................... 0.8141
Boone County, WV
Clay County, WV
Kanawha County, WV
Lincoln County, WV
Putnam County, WV 16700.................... Charleston-North Charleston-
0.9279
Summerville, SC.
Berkeley County, SC
Charleston County, SC
Dorchester County, SC 16740.................... Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord,
0.9474
NC[dash]SC.
Anson County, NC
Cabarrus County, NC
Gaston County, NC
Mecklenburg County, NC
Union County, NC
York County, SC 16820.................... Charlottesville, VA................ 0.9372
Albemarle County, VA
Fluvanna County, VA
Greene County, VA
Nelson County, VA
Charlottesville City, VA 16860.................... Chattanooga, TN-GA................. 0.8831
Catoosa County, GA
Dade County, GA
Walker County, GA
Hamilton County, TN
Marion County, TN
Sequatchie County, TN 16940.................... Cheyenne, WY....................... 0.9344
Laramie County, WY 16974.................... Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL...... 1.0471
Cook County, IL
DeKalb County, IL
DuPage County, IL
Grundy County, IL
Kane County, IL
Kendall County, IL
McHenry County, IL
Will County, IL 17020.................... Chico, CA.......................... 1.1198
Butte County, CA 17140.................... Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN.... 0.9483
Dearborn County, IN
Franklin County, IN
Ohio County, IN
Boone County, KY
Bracken County, KY
Campbell County, KY
Page 23131
Gallatin County, KY
Grant County, KY
Kenton County, KY
Pendleton County, KY
Brown County, OH
Butler County, OH
Clermont County, OH
Hamilton County, OH
Warren County, OH 17300.................... Clarksville, TN-KY................. 0.7980
Christian County, KY
Trigg County, KY
Montgomery County, TN
Stewart County, TN 17420.................... Cleveland, TN...................... 0.7564
Bradley County, TN
Polk County, TN 17460.................... Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH........ 0.8914
Cuyahoga County, OH
Geauga County, OH
Lake County, OH
Lorain County, OH
Medina County, OH 17660.................... Coeur d'Alene, ID.................. 0.9235
Kootenai County, ID 17780.................... College Station-Bryan, TX.......... 0.9498
Brazos County, TX
Burleson County, TX
Robertson County, TX 17820.................... Colorado Springs, CO............... 0.9821
El Paso County, CO
Teller County, CO 17860.................... Columbia, MO....................... 0.8618
Boone County, MO
Howard County, MO 17900.................... Columbia, SC....................... 0.8789
Calhoun County, SC
Fairfield County, SC
Kershaw County, SC
Lexington County, SC
Richland County, SC
Saluda County, SC 17980.................... Columbus, GA-AL.................... 0.8724
Russell County, AL
Chattahoochee County, GA
Harris County, GA
Marion County, GA
Muscogee County, GA 18020.................... Columbus, IN....................... 0.9536
Bartholomew County, IN 18140.................... Columbus, OH....................... 1.0101
Delaware County, OH
Fairfield County, OH
Franklin County, OH
Licking County, OH
Madison County, OH
Morrow County, OH
Pickaway County, OH
Union County, OH 18580.................... Corpus Christi, TX................. 0.8693
Aransas County, TX
Nueces County, TX
San Patricio County, TX 18700.................... Corvallis, OR...................... 1.1002
Benton County, OR 19060.................... Cumberland, MD-WV.................. 0.8045
Allegany County, MD
Mineral County, WV 19124.................... Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX............ 0.9853
Collin County, TX
Dallas County, TX
Page 23132
Delta County, TX
Denton County, TX
Ellis County, TX
Hunt County, TX
Kaufman County, TX
Rockwall County, TX 19140.................... Dalton, GA......................... 0.8666
Murray County, GA
Whitfield County, GA 19180.................... Danville, IL....................... 0.8738
Vermilion County, IL 19260.................... Danville, VA....................... 0.8323
Pittsylvania County, VA
Danville City, VA 19340.................... Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 0.8284
Henry County, IL
Mercer County, IL
Rock Island County, IL
Scott County, IA 19380.................... Dayton, OH......................... 0.9211
Greene County, OH
Miami County, OH
Montgomery County, OH
Preble County, OH 19460.................... Decatur, AL........................ 0.7799
Lawrence County, AL
Morgan County, AL 19500.................... Decatur, IL........................ 0.7995
Macon County, IL 19660.................... Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, 0.8865
FL.
Volusia County, FL 19740.................... Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO....... 1.0731
Adams County, CO
Arapahoe County, CO
Broomfield County, CO
Clear Creek County, CO
Denver County, CO
Douglas County, CO
Elbert County, CO
Gilpin County, CO
Jefferson County, CO
Park County, CO 19780.................... Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA..... 0.9649
Dallas County, IA
Guthrie County, IA
Madison County, IA
Polk County, IA
Warren County, IA 19804.................... Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, MI....... 0.9729
Wayne County, MI 20020.................... Dothan, AL......................... 0.7406
Geneva County, AL
Henry County, AL
Houston County, AL 20100.................... Dover, DE.......................... 0.9931
Kent County, DE 20220.................... Dubuque, IA........................ 0.8869
Dubuque County, IA 20260.................... Duluth, MN-WI...................... 1.0448
Carlton County, MN
St. Louis County, MN
Douglas County, WI 20500.................... Durham-Chapel Hill, NC............. 0.9618
Chatham County, NC
Durham County, NC
Orange County, NC
Person County, NC 20740.................... Eau Claire, WI..................... 0.9567
Chippewa County, WI
Eau Claire County, WI 20764.................... Edison-New Brunswick, NJ........... 1.1061
Page 23133
Middlesex County, NJ
Monmouth County, NJ
Ocean County, NJ
Somerset County, NJ 20940.................... El Centro, CA...................... 0.8766
Imperial County, CA 21060.................... Elizabethtown, KY.................. 0.8388
Hardin County, KY
Larue County, KY 21140.................... Elkhart-Goshen, IN................. 0.9489
Elkhart County, IN 21300.................... Elmira, NY......................... 0.8341
Chemung County, NY 21340.................... El Paso, TX........................ 0.8541
El Paso County, TX 21500.................... Erie, PA........................... 0.8779
Erie County, PA 21660.................... Eugene-Springfield, OR............. 1.1034
Lane County, OR 21780.................... Evansville, IN-KY.................. 0.8522
Gibson County, IN
Posey County, IN
Vanderburgh County, IN
Warrick County, IN
Henderson County, KY
Webster County, KY 21820.................... Fairbanks, AK...................... 1.1114
Fairbanks North Star Borough, AK 21940.................... Fajardo, PR........................ 0.3790
Ceiba Municipio, PR
Fajardo Municipio, PR
Luquillo Municipio, PR 22020.................... Fargo, ND-MN....................... 0.8172
Cass County, ND
Clay County, MN 22140.................... Farmington, NM..................... 0.7889
San Juan County, NM 22180.................... Fayetteville, NC................... 0.9358
Cumberland County, NC
Hoke County, NC 22220.................... Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR- 0.8775
MO.
Benton County, AR
Madison County, AR
Washington County, AR
McDonald County, MO 22380.................... Flagstaff, AZ...................... 1.2475
Coconino County, AZ 22420.................... Flint, MI.......................... 1.1234
Genesee County, MI 22500.................... Florence, SC....................... 0.8114
Darlington County, SC
Florence County, SC 22520.................... Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL......... 0.7998
Colbert County, AL
Lauderdale County, AL 22540.................... Fond du Lac, WI.................... 0.9660
Fond du Lac County, WI 22660.................... Fort Collins-Loveland, CO.......... 1.0175
Larimer County, CO 22744.................... Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-
1.0383
Deerfield Beach, FL.
Broward County, FL 22900.................... Fort Smith, AR-OK.................. 0.7861
Crawford County, AR
Franklin County, AR
Sebastian County, AR
Le Flore County, OK
Sequoyah County, OK 23020.................... Fort Walton Beach-Crestview-Destin, 0.8758
FL.
Okaloosa County, FL 23060.................... Fort Wayne, IN..................... 0.9012
Allen County, IN
Page 23134
Wells County, IN
Whitley County, IN 23104.................... Fort Worth-Arlington, TX........... 0.9499
Johnson County, TX
Parker County, TX
Tarrant County, TX
Wise County, TX 23420.................... Fresno, CA......................... 1.1267
Fresno County, CA 23460.................... Gadsden, AL........................ 0.8266
Etowah County, AL 23540.................... Gainesville, FL.................... 0.8978
Alachua County, FL
Gilchrist County, FL 23580.................... Gainesville, GA.................... 0.9123
Hall County, GA 23844.................... Gary, IN........................... 0.9288
Jasper County, IN
Lake County, IN
Newton County, IN
Porter County, IN 24020.................... Glens Falls, NY.................... 0.8456
Warren County, NY
Washington County, NY 24140.................... Goldsboro, NC...................... 0.9056
Wayne County, NC 24220.................... Grand Forks, ND-MN................. 0.7775
Polk County, MN
Grand Forks County, ND 24300.................... Grand Junction, CO................. 0.9721
Mesa County, CO 24340.................... Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI........... 0.9178
Barry County, MI
Ionia County, MI
Kent County, MI
Newaygo County, MI 24500.................... Great Falls, MT.................... 0.8354
Cascade County, MT 24540.................... Greeley, CO........................ 0.9578
Weld County, CO 24580.................... Green Bay, WI...................... 0.9621
Brown County, WI
Kewaunee County, WI
Oconto County, WI 24660.................... Greensboro-High Point, NC.......... 0.9062
Guilford County, NC
Randolph County, NC
Rockingham County, NC 24780.................... Greenville, NC..................... 0.9401
Greene County, NC
Pitt County, NC 24860.................... Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC...... 0.9980
Greenville County, SC
Laurens County, SC
Pickens County, SC 25020.................... Guayama, PR........................ 0.3537
Arroyo Municipio, PR
Guayama Municipio, PR
Patillas Municipio, PR 25060.................... Gulfport-Biloxi, MS................ 0.8783
Hancock County, MS
Harrison County, MS
Stone County, MS 25180.................... Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV...... 0.8965
Washington County, MD
Berkeley County, WV
Morgan County, WV 25260.................... Hanford-Corcoran, CA............... 1.1010
Kings County, CA 25420.................... Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA............ 0.9286
Cumberland County, PA
Page 23135
Dauphin County, PA
Perry County, PA 25500.................... Harrisonburg, VA................... 0.9025
Rockingham County, VA
Harrisonburg City, VA 25540.................... Hartford-West Hartford-East
1.1194
Hartford, CT.
Hartford County, CT
Middlesex County, CT
Tolland County, CT 25620.................... Hattiesburg, MS.................... 0.7664
Forrest County, MS
Lamar County, MS
Perry County, MS 25860.................... Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC....... 0.9000
Alexander County, NC
Burke County, NC
Caldwell County, NC
Catawba County, NC 25980.................... Hinesville-Fort Stewart, GA \1\.... 0.9028
Liberty County, GA
Long County, GA 26100.................... Holland-Grand Haven, MI............ 0.8696
Ottawa County, MI 26180.................... Honolulu, HI....................... 1.1662
Honolulu County, HI 26300.................... Hot Springs, AR.................... 0.9004
Garland County, AR 26380.................... Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA..... 0.7875
Lafourche Parish, LA
Terrebonne Parish, LA 26420.................... Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX..... 0.9841
Austin County, TX
Brazoria County, TX
Chambers County, TX
Fort Bend County, TX
Galveston County, TX
Harris County, TX
Liberty County, TX
Montgomery County, TX
San Jacinto County, TX
Waller County, TX 26580.................... Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH....... 0.9097
Boyd County, KY
Greenup County, KY
Lawrence County, OH
Cabell County, WV
Wayne County, WV 26620.................... Huntsville, AL..................... 0.9064
Limestone County, AL
Madison County, AL 26820.................... Idaho Falls, ID.................... 0.9436
Bonneville County, ID
Jefferson County, ID 26900.................... Indianapolis-Carmel, IN............ 0.9742
Boone County, IN
Brown County, IN
Hamilton County, IN
Hancock County, IN
Hendricks County, IN
Johnson County, IN
Marion County, IN
Morgan County, IN
Putnam County, IN
Shelby County, IN 26980.................... Iowa City, IA...................... 0.9548
Johnson County, IA
Washington County, IA 27060.................... Ithaca, NY......................... 1.0112
Tompkins County, NY 27100.................... Jackson, MI........................ 0.8720
Jackson County, MI
Page 23136
27140.................... Jackson, MS........................ 0.8186
Copiah County, MS
Hinds County, MS
Madison County, MS
Rankin County, MS
Simpson County, MS 27180.................... Jackson, TN........................ 0.8581
Chester County, TN
Madison County, TN 27260.................... Jacksonville, FL................... 0.9105
Baker County, FL
Clay County, FL
Duval County, FL
Nassau County, FL
St. Johns County, FL 27340.................... Jacksonville, NC................... 0.8026
Onslow County, NC 27500.................... Janesville, WI..................... 0.9201
Rock County, WI 27620.................... Jefferson City, MO................. 0.8709
Callaway County, MO
Cole County, MO
Moniteau County, MO
Osage County, MO 27740.................... Johnson City, TN................... 0.7722
Carter County, TN
Unicoi County, TN
Washington County, TN 27780.................... Johnstown, PA...................... 0.8233
Cambria County, PA 27860.................... Jonesboro, AR...................... 0.7722
Craighead County, AR
Poinsett County, AR 27900.................... Joplin, MO......................... 0.8285
Jasper County, MO
Newton County, MO 28020.................... Kalamazoo-Portage, MI.............. 1.0264
Kalamazoo County, MI
Van Buren County, MI 28100.................... Kankakee-Bradley, IL............... 1.0174
Kankakee County, IL 28140.................... Kansas City, MO-KS................. 0.9679
Franklin County, KS
Johnson County, KS
Leavenworth County, KS
Linn County, KS
Miami County, KS
Wyandotte County, KS
Bates County, MO
Caldwell County, MO
Cass County, MO
Clay County, MO
Clinton County, MO
Jackson County, MO
Lafayette County, MO
Platte County, MO
Ray County, MO 28420.................... Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA....... 1.0448
Benton County, WA
Franklin County, WA 28660.................... Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood, TX....... 0.8702
Bell County, TX
Coryell County, TX
Lampasas County, TX 28700.................... Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA... 0.7999
Hawkins County, TN
Sullivan County, TN
Bristol City, VA
Scott County, VA
Washington County, VA 28740.................... Kingston, NY....................... 0.9367
Page 23137
Ulster County, NY 28940.................... Knoxville, TN...................... 0.7881
Anderson County, TN
Blount County, TN
Knox County, TN
Loudon County, TN
Union County, TN 29020.................... Kokomo, IN......................... 0.9862
Howard County, IN
Tipton County, IN 29100.................... La Crosse, WI-MN................... 0.9915
Houston County, MN
La Crosse County, WI 29140.................... Lafayette, IN...................... 0.9181
Benton County, IN
Carroll County, IN
Tippecanoe County, IN 29180.................... Lafayette, LA...................... 0.8516
Lafayette Parish, LA
St. Martin Parish, LA 29340.................... Lake Charles, LA................... 0.7985
Calcasieu Parish, LA
Cameron Parish, LA 29404.................... Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI.. 1.0475
Lake County, IL
Kenosha County, WI 29420.................... Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ....... 1.0567
Mohave County, AZ 29460.................... Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL.......... 0.8390
Polk County, FL 29540.................... Lancaster, PA...................... 0.9204
Lancaster County, PA 29620.................... Lansing-East Lansing, MI........... 0.9770
Clinton County, MI
Eaton County, MI
Ingham County, MI 29700.................... Laredo, TX......................... 0.8078
Webb County, TX 29740.................... Las Cruces, NM..................... 0.8939
Dona Ana County, NM 29820.................... Las Vegas-Paradise, NV............. 1.2130
Clark County, NV 29940.................... Lawrence, KS....................... 0.8580
Douglas County, KS 30020.................... Lawton, OK......................... 0.7847
Comanche County, OK 30140.................... Lebanon, PA........................ 0.8119
Lebanon County, PA 30300.................... Lewiston, ID-WA.................... 0.9570
Nez Perce County, ID
Asotin County, WA 30340.................... Lewiston-Auburn, ME................ 0.9085
Androscoggin County, ME 30460.................... Lexington-Fayette, KY.............. 0.8889
Bourbon County, KY
Clark County, KY
Fayette County, KY
Jessamine County, KY
Scott County, KY
Woodford County, KY 30620.................... Lima, OH........................... 0.9379
Allen County, OH 30700.................... Lincoln, NE........................ 0.9563
Lancaster County, NE
Seward County, NE 30780.................... Little Rock-North Little Rock-
0.8559
Conway, AR.
Faulkner County, AR
Grant County, AR
Lonoke County, AR
Perry County, AR
Pulaski County, AR
Page 23138
Saline County, AR 30860.................... Logan, UT-ID....................... 0.8993
Franklin County, ID
Cache County, UT 30980.................... Longview, TX....................... 0.8049
Gregg County, TX
Rusk County, TX
Upshur County, TX 31020.................... Longview, WA....................... 1.0707
Cowlitz County, WA 31084.................... Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana,
1.2039
CA.
Los Angeles County, CA 31140.................... Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN. 0.8964
Clark County, IN
Floyd County, IN
Harrison County, IN
Washington County, IN
Bullitt County, KY
Henry County, KY
Meade County, KY
Nelson County, KY
Oldham County, KY
Shelby County, KY
Spencer County, KY
Trimble County, KY 31180.................... Lubbock, TX........................ 0.8751
Crosby County, TX
Lubbock County, TX 31340.................... Lynchburg, VA...................... 0.8521
Amherst County, VA
Appomattox County, VA
Bedford County, VA
Campbell County, VA
Bedford City, VA
Lynchburg City, VA 31420.................... Macon, GA.......................... 0.9826
Bibb County, GA
Crawford County, GA
Jones County, GA
Monroe County, GA
Twiggs County, GA 31460.................... Madera-Chowchilla, CA.............. 0.7958
Madera County, CA 31540.................... Madison, WI........................ 1.1234
Columbia County, WI
Dane County, WI
Iowa County, WI 31700.................... Manchester-Nashua, NH.............. 1.0171
Hillsborough County, NH 31740.................... Manhattan, KS...................... 0.7878
Geary County, KS
Pottawatomie County, KS
Riley County, KS 31860.................... Mankato-North Mankato, MN.......... 0.9177
Blue Earth County, MN
Nicollet County, MN 31900.................... Mansfield, OH...................... 0.9100
Richland County, OH 32420.................... Mayag[uuml]ez, PR.................. 0.3704
Hormigueros Municipio, PR
Mayag[uuml]ez Municipio, PR 32580.................... McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX....... 0.8852
Hidalgo County, TX 32780.................... Medford, OR........................ 1.0070
Jackson County, OR 32820.................... Memphis, TN-MS-AR.................. 0.9268
Crittenden County, AR
DeSoto County, MS
Marshall County, MS
Tate County, MS
Tunica County, MS
Page 23139
Fayette County, TN
Shelby County, TN
Tipton County, TN 32900.................... Merced, CA......................... 1.2123
Merced County, CA 33124.................... Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL...... 0.9954
Miami-Dade County, FL 33140.................... Michigan City-La Porte, IN......... 0.9311
LaPorte County, IN 33260.................... Midland, TX........................ 0.9546
Midland County, TX 33340.................... Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI.. 1.0151
Milwaukee County, WI
Ozaukee County, WI
Washington County, WI
Waukesha County, WI 33460.................... Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington,
1.1095
MN-WI.
Anoka County, MN
Carver County, MN
Chisago County, MN
Dakota County, MN
Hennepin County, MN
Isanti County, MN
Ramsey County, MN
Scott County, MN
Sherburne County, MN
Washington County, MN
Wright County, MN
Pierce County, WI
St. Croix County, WI 33540.................... Missoula, MT....................... 0.9206
Missoula County, MT 33660.................... Mobile, AL......................... 0.7785
Mobile County, AL 33700.................... Modesto, CA........................ 1.2502
Stanislaus County, CA 33740.................... Monroe, LA......................... 0.7752
Ouachita Parish, LA
Union Parish, LA 33780.................... Monroe, MI......................... 0.8885
Monroe County, MI 33860.................... Montgomery, AL..................... 0.8304
Autauga County, AL
Elmore County, AL
Lowndes County, AL
Montgomery County, AL 34060.................... Morgantown, WV..................... 0.8459
Monongalia County, WV
Preston County, WV 34100.................... Morristown, TN..................... 0.7201
Grainger County, TN
Hamblen County, TN
Jefferson County, TN 34580.................... Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA......... 1.0452
Skagit County, WA 34620.................... Muncie, IN......................... 0.8386
Delaware County, IN 34740.................... Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI......... 0.9823
Muskegon County, MI 34820.................... Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-
0.8730
Conway, SC.
Horry County, SC 34900.................... Napa, CA........................... 1.4453
Napa County, CA 34940.................... Naples-Marco Island, FL............ 0.9662
Collier County, FL 34980.................... Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--
0.9689
Franklin, TN.
Cannon County, TN
Cheatham County, TN
Davidson County, TN
Dickson County, TN
Hickman County, TN
Page 23140
Macon County, TN
Robertson County, TN
Rutherford County, TN
Smith County, TN
Sumner County, TN
Trousdale County, TN
Williamson County, TN
Wilson County, TN 35004.................... Nassau-Suffolk, NY................. 1.2477
Nassau County, NY
Suffolk County, NY 35084.................... Newark-Union, NJ-PA................ 1.1419
Essex County, NJ
Hunterdon County, NJ
Morris County, NJ
Sussex County, NJ
Union County, NJ
Pike County, PA 35300.................... New Haven-Milford, CT.............. 1.1545
New Haven County, CT 35380.................... New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA.... 0.9092
Jefferson Parish, LA
Orleans Parish, LA
Plaquemines Parish, LA
St. Bernard Parish, LA
St. Charles Parish, LA
St. John the Baptist Parish, LA
St. Tammany Parish, LA 35644.................... New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ. 1.3005
Bergen County, NJ
Hudson County, NJ
Passaic County, NJ
Bronx County, NY
Kings County, NY
New York County, NY
Putnam County, NY
Queens County, NY
Richmond County, NY
Rockland County, NY
Westchester County, NY 35660.................... Niles-Benton Harbor, MI............ 0.8903
Berrien County, MI 35980.................... Norwich-New London, CT............. 1.1399
New London County, CT 36084.................... Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA........ 1.6404
Alameda County, CA
Contra Costa County, CA 36100.................... Ocala, FL.......................... 0.8556
Marion County, FL 36140.................... Ocean City, NJ..................... 1.0160
Cape May County, NJ 36220.................... Odessa, TX......................... 0.9862
Ector County, TX 36260.................... Ogden-Clearfield, UT............... 0.9361
Davis County, UT
Morgan County, UT
Weber County, UT 36420.................... Oklahoma City, OK.................. 0.8900
Canadian County, OK
Cleveland County, OK
Grady County, OK
Lincoln County, OK
Logan County, OK
McClain County, OK
Oklahoma County, OK 36500.................... Olympia, WA........................ 1.1531
Thurston County, WA 36540.................... Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA........ 0.9608
Harrison County, IA
Mills County, IA
Pottawattamie County, IA
Page 23141
Cass County, NE
Douglas County, NE
Sarpy County, NE
Saunders County, NE
Washington County, NE 36740.................... Orlando-Kissimmee, FL.............. 0.8951
Lake County, FL
Orange County, FL
Osceola County, FL
Seminole County, FL 36780.................... Oshkosh-Neenah, WI................. 0.9152
Winnebago County, WI 36980.................... Owensboro, KY...................... 0.8357
Daviess County, KY
Hancock County, KY
McLean County, KY 37100.................... Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA... 1.2301
Ventura County, CA 37340.................... Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL.. 0.9060
Brevard County, FL 37380.................... Palm Coast, FL..................... 0.9603
Flagler County, FL 37460.................... Panama City-Lynn Haven-Panama City
0.8324
Beach, FL.
Bay County, FL 37620.................... Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH. 0.7716
Washington County, OH
Pleasants County, WV
Wirt County, WV
Wood County, WV 37700.................... Pascagoula, MS..................... 0.8433
George County, MS
Jackson County, MS 37764.................... Peabody, MA........................ 1.0871
Essex County, MA 37860.................... Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL..... 0.8312
Escambia County, FL
Santa Rosa County, FL 37900.................... Peoria, IL......................... 0.9155
Marshall County, IL
Peoria County, IL
Stark County, IL
Tazewell County, IL
Woodford County, IL 37964.................... Philadelphia, PA................... 1.0739
Bucks County, PA
Chester County, PA
Delaware County, PA
Montgomery County, PA
Philadelphia County, PA 38060.................... Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ........ 1.0630
Maricopa County, AZ
Pinal County, AZ 38220.................... Pine Bluff, AR..................... 0.7281
Cleveland County, AR
Jefferson County, AR
Lincoln County, AR 38300.................... Pittsburgh, PA..................... 0.8625
Allegheny County, PA
Armstrong County, PA
Beaver County, PA
Butler County, PA
Fayette County, PA
Washington County, PA
Westmoreland County, PA 38340.................... Pittsfield, MA..................... 1.0658
Berkshire County, MA 38540.................... Pocatello, ID...................... 0.9239
Bannock County, ID
Power County, ID 38660.................... Ponce, PR.......................... 0.4220
Juana D[iacute]az Municipio, PR
Page 23142
Ponce Municipio, PR
Villalba Municipio, PR 38860.................... Portland-South Portland-Biddeford,
1.0187
ME.
Cumberland County, ME
Sagadahoc County, ME
York County, ME 38900.................... Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA 1.1498
Clackamas County, OR
Columbia County, OR
Multnomah County, OR
Washington County, OR
Yamhill County, OR
Clark County, WA
Skamania County, WA 38940.................... Port St. Lucie, FL................. 0.9896
Martin County, FL
St. Lucie County, FL 39100.................... Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown,
1.1216
NY.
Dutchess County, NY
Orange County, NY 39140.................... Prescott, AZ....................... 1.0121
Yavapai County, AZ 39300.................... Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,
1.0782
RI-MA.
Bristol County, MA
Bristol County, RI
Kent County, RI
Newport County, RI
Providence County, RI
Washington County, RI 39340.................... Provo-Orem, UT..................... 0.9548
Juab County, UT
Utah County, UT 39380.................... Pueblo, CO......................... 0.8570
Pueblo County, CO 39460.................... Punta Gorda, FL.................... 0.8774
Charlotte County, FL 39540.................... Racine, WI......................... 0.9373
Racine County, WI 39580.................... Raleigh-Cary, NC................... 0.9663
Franklin County, NC
Johnston County, NC
Wake County, NC 39660.................... Rapid City, SD..................... 1.0046
Meade County, SD
Pennington County, SD 39740.................... Reading, PA........................ 0.9263
Berks County, PA 39820.................... Redding, CA........................ 1.4039
Shasta County, CA 39900.................... Reno-Sparks, NV.................... 1.0285
Storey County, NV
Washoe County, NV 40060.................... Richmond, VA....................... 0.9521
Amelia County, VA
Caroline County, VA
Charles City County, VA
Chesterfield County, VA
Cumberland County, VA
Dinwiddie County, VA
Goochland County, VA
Hanover County, VA
Henrico County, VA
King and Queen County, VA
King William County, VA
Louisa County, VA
New Kent County, VA
Powhatan County, VA
Prince George County, VA
Sussex County, VA
Colonial Heights City, VA
Hopewell City, VA
Page 23143
Petersburg City, VA
Richmond City, VA 40140.................... Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario,
1.1285
CA.
Riverside County, CA
San Bernardino County, CA 40220.................... Roanoke, VA........................ 0.8671
Botetourt County, VA
Craig County, VA
Franklin County, VA
Roanoke County, VA
Roanoke City, VA
Salem City, VA 40340.................... Rochester, MN...................... 1.1136
Dodge County, MN
Olmsted County, MN
Wabasha County, MN 40380.................... Rochester, NY...................... 0.8724
Livingston County, NY
Monroe County, NY
Ontario County, NY
Orleans County, NY
Wayne County, NY 40420.................... Rockford, IL....................... 1.0152
Boone County, IL
Winnebago County, IL 40484.................... Rockingham County, NH.............. 1.0125
Rockingham County, NH
Strafford County, NH 40580.................... Rocky Mount, NC.................... 0.8845
Edgecombe County, NC
Nash County, NC 40660.................... Rome, GA........................... 0.8915
Floyd County, GA 40900.................... Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--
1.4073
Roseville, CA.
El Dorado County, CA
Placer County, CA
Sacramento County, CA
Yolo County, CA 40980.................... Saginaw-Saginaw Township North, MI. 0.9122
Saginaw County, MI 41060.................... St. Cloud, MN...................... 1.1107
Benton County, MN
Stearns County, MN 41100.................... St. George, UT..................... 0.9236
Washington County, UT 41140.................... St. Joseph, MO-KS.................. 1.0189
Doniphan County, KS
Andrew County, MO
Buchanan County, MO
DeKalb County, MO 41180.................... St. Louis, MO-IL................... 0.9102
Bond County, IL
Calhoun County, IL
Clinton County, IL
Jersey County, IL
Macoupin County, IL
Madison County, IL
Monroe County, IL
St. Clair County, IL
Crawford County, MO
Franklin County, MO
Jefferson County, MO
Lincoln County, MO
St. Charles County, MO
St. Louis County, MO
Warren County, MO
Washington County, MO
St. Louis City, MO 41420.................... Salem, OR.......................... 1.0974
Marion County, OR
Polk County, OR
Page 23144
41500.................... Salinas, CA........................ 1.5207
Monterey County, CA 41540.................... Salisbury, MD...................... 0.9110
Somerset County, MD
Wicomico County, MD 41620.................... Salt Lake City, UT................. 0.9378
Salt Lake County, UT
Summit County, UT
Tooele County, UT 41660.................... San Angelo, TX..................... 0.7914
Irion County, TX
Tom Green County, TX 41700.................... San Antonio, TX.................... 0.8857
Atascosa County, TX
Bandera County, TX
Bexar County, TX
Comal County, TX
Guadalupe County, TX
Kendall County, TX
Medina County, TX
Wilson County, TX 41740.................... San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA.. 1.1752
San Diego County, CA 41780.................... Sandusky, OH....................... 0.8888
Erie County, OH 41884.................... San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood
1.5874
City, CA.
Marin County, CA
San Francisco County, CA
San Mateo County, CA 41900.................... San Germ[aacute]n-Cabo Rojo, PR.... 0.4740
Cabo Rojo Municipio, PR
Lajas Municipio, PR
Sabana Grande Municipio, PR
San Germ[aacute]n Municipio, PR 41940.................... San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA. 1.6404
San Benito County, CA
Santa Clara County, CA 41980.................... San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo, PR....... 0.4363
Aguas Buenas Municipio, PR
Aibonito Municipio, PR
Arecibo Municipio, PR
Barceloneta Municipio, PR
Barranquitas Municipio, PR
Bayam[oacute]n Municipio, PR
Caguas Municipio, PR
Camuy Municipio, PR
Can[oacute]vanas Municipio, PR
Carolina Municipio, PR
Cata[ntilde]o Municipio, PR
Cayey Municipio, PR
Ciales Municipio, PR
Cidra Municipio, PR
Comer[iacute]o Municipio, PR
Corozal Municipio, PR
Dorado Municipio, PR
Florida Municipio, PR
Guaynabo Municipio, PR
Gurabo Municipio, PR
Hatillo Municipio, PR
Humacao Municipio, PR
Juncos Municipio, PR
Las Piedras Municipio, PR
Lo[iacute]za Municipio, PR
Manat[iacute] Municipio, PR
Maunabo Municipio, PR
Morovis Municipio, PR
Naguabo Municipio, PR
Naranjito Municipio, PR
Orocovis Municipio, PR
Quebradillas Municipio, PR
R[iacute]o Grande Municipio, PR
Page 23145
San Juan Municipio, PR
San Lorenzo Municipio, PR
Toa Alta Municipio, PR
Toa Baja Municipio, PR
Trujillo Alto Municipio, PR
Vega Alta Municipio, PR
Vega Baja Municipio, PR
Yabucoa Municipio, PR 42020.................... San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA.... 1.2550
San Luis Obispo County, CA 42044.................... Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA....... 1.1972
Orange County, CA 42060.................... Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta,
1.2213
CA.
Santa Barbara County, CA 42100.................... Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA......... 1.6735
Santa Cruz County, CA 42140.................... Santa Fe, NM....................... 1.0694
Santa Fe County, NM 42220.................... Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA............ 1.5891
Sonoma County, CA 42340.................... Savannah, GA....................... 0.9043
Bryan County, GA
Chatham County, GA
Effingham County, GA 42540.................... Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA......... 0.8375
Lackawanna County, PA
Luzerne County, PA
Wyoming County, PA 42644.................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA....... 1.1577
King County, WA
Snohomish County, WA 42680.................... Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL........... 0.9362
Indian River County, FL 43100.................... Sheboygan, WI...................... 0.9166
Sheboygan County, WI 43300.................... Sherman-Denison, TX................ 0.8064
Grayson County, TX 43340.................... Shreveport-Bossier City, LA........ 0.8383
Bossier Parish, LA
Caddo Parish, LA
De Soto Parish, LA 43580.................... Sioux City, IA-NE-SD............... 0.9094
Woodbury County, IA
Dakota County, NE
Dixon County, NE
Union County, SD 43620.................... Sioux Falls, SD.................... 0.8983
Lincoln County, SD
McCook County, SD
Minnehaha County, SD
Turner County, SD 43780.................... South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI........ 0.9690
St. Joseph County, IN
Cass County, MI 43900.................... Spartanburg, SC.................... 0.9341
Spartanburg County, SC 44060.................... Spokane, WA........................ 1.0444
Spokane County, WA 44100.................... Springfield, IL.................... 0.9545
Menard County, IL
Sangamon County, IL 44140.................... Springfield, MA.................... 1.0373
Franklin County, MA
Hampden County, MA
Hampshire County, MA 44180.................... Springfield, MO.................... 0.8453
Christian County, MO
Dallas County, MO
Greene County, MO
Polk County, MO
Webster County, MO
Page 23146
44220.................... Springfield, OH.................... 0.9195
Clark County, OH 44300.................... State College, PA.................. 0.9096
Centre County, PA 44700.................... Stockton, CA....................... 1.2331
San Joaquin County, CA 44940.................... Sumter, SC......................... 0.8152
Sumter County, SC 45060.................... Syracuse, NY....................... 0.9785
Madison County, NY
Onondaga County, NY
Oswego County, NY 45104.................... Tacoma, WA......................... 1.1195
Pierce County, WA 45220.................... Tallahassee, FL.................... 0.8406
Gadsden County, FL
Jefferson County, FL
Leon County, FL
Wakulla County, FL 45300.................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 0.8982
Hernando County, FL
Hillsborough County, FL
Pasco County, FL
Pinellas County, FL 45460.................... Terre Haute, IN.................... 0.9061
Clay County, IN
Sullivan County, IN
Vermillion County, IN
Vigo County, IN 45500.................... Texarkana, TX--Texarkana, AR....... 0.8113
Miller County, AR
Bowie County, TX 45780.................... Toledo, OH......................... 0.9541
Fulton County, OH
Lucas County, OH
Ottawa County, OH
Wood County, OH 45820.................... Topeka, KS......................... 0.9026
Jackson County, KS
Jefferson County, KS
Osage County, KS
Shawnee County, KS
Wabaunsee County, KS 45940.................... Trenton-Ewing, NJ.................. 1.0552
Mercer County, NJ 46060.................... Tucson, AZ......................... 0.9505
Pima County, AZ 46140.................... Tulsa, OK.......................... 0.8662
Creek County, OK
Okmulgee County, OK
Osage County, OK
Pawnee County, OK
Rogers County, OK
Tulsa County, OK
Wagoner County, OK 46220.................... Tuscaloosa, AL..................... 0.8698
Greene County, AL
Hale County, AL
Tuscaloosa County, AL 46340.................... Tyler, TX.......................... 0.8312
Smith County, TX 46540.................... Utica-Rome, NY..................... 0.8460
Herkimer County, NY
Oneida County, NY 46660.................... Valdosta, GA....................... 0.7944
Brooks County, GA
Echols County, GA
Lanier County, GA
Lowndes County, GA 46700.................... Vallejo-Fairfield, CA.............. 1.4934
Solano County, CA
Page 23147
47020.................... Victoria, TX....................... 0.8054
Calhoun County, TX
Goliad County, TX
Victoria County, TX 47220.................... Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ... 1.0207
Cumberland County, NJ 47260.................... Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport
0.8960
News, VA-NC.
Currituck County, NC
Gloucester County, VA
Isle of Wight County, VA
James City County, VA
Mathews County, VA
Surry County, VA
York County, VA
Chesapeake City, VA
Hampton City, VA
Newport News City, VA
Norfolk City, VA
Poquoson City, VA
Portsmouth City, VA
Suffolk City, VA
Virginia Beach City, VA
Williamsburg City, VA 47300.................... Visalia-Porterville, CA............ 1.0221
Tulare County, CA 47380.................... Waco, TX........................... 0.8377
McLennan County, TX 47580.................... Warner Robins, GA.................. 0.8754
Houston County, GA 47644.................... Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI... 0.9806
Lapeer County, MI
Livingston County, MI
Macomb County, MI
Oakland County, MI
St. Clair County, MI 47894.................... Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC- 1.0882
VA-MD-WV.
District of Columbia, DC
Calvert County, MD
Charles County, MD
Prince George's County, MD
Arlington County, VA
Clarke County, VA
Fairfax County, VA
Fauquier County, VA
Loudoun County, VA
Prince William County, VA
Spotsylvania County, VA
Stafford County, VA
Warren County, VA
Alexandria City, VA
Fairfax City, VA
Falls Church City, VA
Fredericksburg City, VA
Manassas City, VA
Manassas Park City, VA
Jefferson County, WV 47940.................... Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA........... 0.8518
Black Hawk County, IA
Bremer County, IA
Grundy County, IA 48140.................... Wausau, WI......................... 0.9440
Marathon County, WI 48260.................... Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH........ 0.7368
Jefferson County, OH
Brooke County, WV
Hancock County, WV 48300.................... Wenatchee-East Wenatchee, WA....... 0.9719
Chelan County, WA
Douglas County, WA 48424.................... West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Boynton
0.9879
Beach, FL.
Palm Beach County, FL
Page 23148
48540.................... Wheeling, WV-OH.................... 0.6869
Belmont County, OH
Marshall County, WV
Ohio County, WV 48620.................... Wichita, KS........................ 0.9018
Butler County, KS
Harvey County, KS
Sedgwick County, KS
Sumner County, KS 48660.................... Wichita Falls, TX.................. 0.9197
Archer County, TX
Clay County, TX
Wichita County, TX 48700.................... Williamsport, PA................... 0.7877
Lycoming County, PA 48864.................... Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ............... 1.0555
New Castle County, DE
Cecil County, MD
Salem County, NJ 48900.................... Wilmington, NC..................... 0.8986
Brunswick County, NC
New Hanover County, NC
Pender County, NC 49020.................... Winchester, VA-WV.................. 0.9777
Frederick County, VA
Winchester City, VA
Hampshire County, WV 49180.................... Winston-Salem, NC.................. 0.8953
Davie County, NC
Forsyth County, NC
Stokes County, NC
Yadkin County, NC 49340.................... Worcester, MA...................... 1.1089
Worcester County, MA 49420.................... Yakima, WA......................... 0.9949
Yakima County, WA 49500.................... Yauco, PR.......................... 0.3348
Gu[aacute]nica Municipio, PR
Guayanilla Municipio, PR
Pe[ntilde]uelas Municipio, PR
Yauco Municipio, PR 49620.................... York-Hanover, PA................... 0.9299
York County, PA 49660.................... Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA.. 0.8679
Mahoning County, OH
Trumbull County, OH
Mercer County, PA 49700.................... Yuba City, CA...................... 1.1265
Sutter County, CA
Yuba County, CA 49740.................... Yuma, AZ........................... 0.9143
Yuma County, AZ
\1\ At this time, there are no hospitals located in this urban area on which to base a wage index.
Table 2--RY 2011 Wage Index Based on CBSA Labor Market Areas for Rural
Areas
State code
Nonurban area
Wage index
1......................... Alabama........................
0.7327 2......................... Alaska.........................
1.1669 3......................... Arizona........................
0.8790 4......................... Arkansas.......................
0.7332 5......................... California.....................
1.2051 6......................... Colorado.......................
0.9929 7......................... Connecticut....................
1.1093 8......................... Delaware.......................
0.9910 10........................ Florida........................
0.8566 11........................ Georgia........................
0.7623 12........................ Hawaii.........................
1.1113 13........................ Idaho..........................
0.7733 14........................ Illinois.......................
0.8312 15........................ Indiana........................
0.8529 16........................ Iowa...........................
0.8624 17........................ Kansas.........................
0.8167 18........................ Kentucky.......................
0.7813 19........................ Louisiana......................
0.7611 20........................ Maine..........................
0.8579 21........................ Maryland.......................
0.9131 22........................ Massachusetts \1\..............
1.1700 23........................ Michigan.......................
0.8778
Page 23149
24........................ Minnesota......................
0.9160 25........................ Mississippi....................
0.7638 26........................ Missouri.......................
0.7671 27........................ Montana........................
0.8399 28........................ Nebraska.......................
0.8705 29........................ Nevada.........................
0.9674 30........................ New Hampshire..................
0.9957 31........................ New Jersey \1\................. ........... 32........................ New Mexico.....................
0.8938 33........................ New York.......................
0.8269 34........................ North Carolina.................
0.8535 35........................ North Dakota...................
0.7813 36........................ Ohio...........................
0.8506 37........................ Oklahoma.......................
0.7654 38........................ Oregon.........................
1.0236 39........................ Pennsylvania...................
0.8306 40........................ Puerto Rico \1\................
0.4047 41........................ Rhode Island \1\............... ........... 42........................ South Carolina.................
0.8394 43........................ South Dakota...................
0.8510 44........................ Tennessee......................
0.7808 45........................ Texas..........................
0.7759 46........................ Utah...........................
0.8363 47........................ Vermont........................
0.9763 48........................ Virgin Islands.................
0.7416 49........................ Virginia.......................
0.7869 50........................ Washington.....................
1.0224 51........................ West Virginia..................
0.7396 52........................ Wisconsin......................
0.9206 53........................ Wyoming........................
0.9535 65........................ Guam...........................
0.9611
\1\ All counties within the State are classified as urban, with the exception of Massachusetts and Puerto Rico. Massachusetts and Puerto
Rico have areas designated as rural; however, no short-term, acute care hospitals are located in the area(s) for FY 2010. The rural
Massachusetts wage index is calculated as the average of all contiguous CBSAs. The Puerto Rico wage index is the same as FY 2009.
FR Doc. 2010-9870 Filed 4-29-10; 8:45 am
BILLING CODE 4120-01-P
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