Revision of the Hawaiian and Territorial Fruits and Vegetables Regulations
Federal Register: January 16, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 11)
Rules and Regulations
Page 2770-2786
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
DOCID:fr16ja09-2
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7 CFR Parts 305 and 318
Docket No. APHIS-2007-0052
RIN 0579-AC70
Revision of the Hawaiian and Territorial Fruits and Vegetables
Regulations
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: We are revising and reorganizing the regulations pertaining to the interstate movement of fruits and vegetables from Hawaii and the territories to consolidate requirements of general applicability and eliminate redundant requirements, update terms and remove outdated requirements and references, and make various editorial and nonsubstantive changes to the regulations to make them easier to use.
We are also making substantive changes to the regulations including establishing criteria within the regulations that, if met, will allow us to approve certain new fruits and vegetables for interstate movement in the United States and to acknowledge pest-free areas in Hawaii and
U.S. territories expeditiously, and removing the listing in the regulations of some specific commodities as regulated articles. These changes are intended to simplify and expedite our processes for approving certain regulated articles for interstate movement and acknowledging pest-free areas while continuing to allow for public participation in the processes. This final rule does not allow for the interstate movement of any specific new fruits or vegetables, nor does it alter the conditions for interstate movement of currently approved fruits or vegetables. These changes will make our domestic interstate movement regulations more consistent with our fruits and vegetables import regulations. The changes in this final rule will not alter the manner in which the risk associated with a regulated article interstate movement request is evaluated, nor will they alter the manner in which those risks are ultimately mitigated.
DATES: Effective Date: February 17, 2009.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. David Lamb, Import Specialist,
Commodity Import Analysis and Operations, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road,
Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301) 734-8758.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Under the regulations in 7 CFR part 318, ``Hawaiian and Territorial
Quarantine Notices'' (referred to below as the regulations), the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA or the Department) prohibits or restricts the interstate movement of fruits, vegetables, and other products from
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam to the continental United States to prevent the spread of plant pests and noxious weeds that occur in Hawaii and the territories.
On June 17, 2008, we published in the Federal Register (73 FR 34202-34224, Docket No. APHIS-2007-0052) a proposal \1\ to amend the regulations by revising and reorganizing those portions of the regulations pertaining to the interstate movement of fruits and vegetables to consolidate requirements of general applicability and eliminate redundant requirements, updating terms and remove outdated requirements and references, and making various editorial and nonsubstantive changes to the regulations to make them easier to use.
We also proposed to make substantive changes to the regulations including: Establishing criteria within the regulations that, if met, would allow us to approve certain new fruits and vegetables for interstate movement in the United States and to acknowledge pest-free areas in Hawaii and U.S. territories expeditiously; and removing the listing in the regulations of some specific commodities as regulated
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articles. These changes were intended to simplify and expedite our processes for approving certain regulated articles for interstate movement and pest-free areas while continuing to allow for public participation in the processes.
\1\ To view the proposed rule and the comments we received, go to http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/ main?main=DocketDetail&d=APHIS-2007-0052.
We solicited comments concerning our proposal for 60 days ending
August 18, 2008. We received three comments by that date. They were from private citizens. They are discussed below.
One commenter raised concerns about actions taken at Guam ports of entry with regard to plants moved interstate from Hawaii. The commenter stated that inspectors in Guam are requiring treatment or destruction of plants due to the presence on the plants of a black fungus that is already present in Guam. The commenter stated that the fungus occurs on plants after they have been treated to ensure that the coqui frog is not introduced into Guam. The commenter also stated that the fungus is present in Guam and can be easily controlled by wiping it off the plant.
The issues raised by the commenter did not relate to any specific requirements for treatments that are included in the regulations or that were addressed by the proposal. We will ensure that inspectors in
Guam use the least restrictive measure necessary to prevent the introduction of plant pests into Guam.
One commenter opposed the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment.
Irradiation has been proven to be an effective phytosanitary treatment for certain plant pests. Therefore, it is appropriate to provide for its use as an option in mitigating the risk associated with those plant pests. We did not propose to change the pests for which irradiation is an approved treatment or to allow the interstate movement of any new fruits or vegetables with irradiation treatment.
One commenter recommended the use of Hazard Analysis and Critical
Control Point plans in phytosanitary systems to prevent risks to health and the environment.
We perform a pest risk analysis when determining whether to authorize the interstate movement of a fruit or vegetable from Hawaii or the territories. Our pest risk analysis process takes such risks into account.
We are making no changes in response to these comments. However, we are making minor changes to the proposal in this final rule.
We proposed to establish a performance-based process for approving the interstate movement of commodities that, based on the findings of a pest risk analysis, can be safely moved interstate subject to one or more of certain designated phytosanitary measures. One of the designated measures we proposed to use in this process was inspection in the first State of arrival. This proposed designated measure was similar to a designated measure used in the performance-based process for approving the importation of fruits and vegetables in Sec. 319.56- 4. That designated measure is inspection upon arrival in the United
States.
However, while imported fruits and vegetables are first subject to
U.S. Government inspectors upon arrival in the United States, fruits and vegetables moved interstate are always subject to State or Federal inspection, whether inspected in the State of origin or in the State of arrival. Indeed, the primary inspection for fruits and vegetables moved interstate is often performed in the State of origin. Therefore, we are changing the designated measure we proposed to establish in Sec. 318.13-4(b)(1) by referring to inspection either in the State of origin or in the State of first arrival. We are making a similar change to proposed paragraph (c)(2)(i)(B)(1) of Sec. 318.13-4, which referred to this designated measure.
We proposed to amend Sec. 305.17 to indicate that quick freezing treatment is approved for fruits and vegetables moved interstate from
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands (CNMI), or the U.S. Virgin Islands, except for the fruits and vegetables listed in paragraph (b) of Sec. 305.17. However, we neglected to propose to amend paragraph (b) to indicate that quick freezing is not an authorized treatment for mango with seeds from
Hawaii, although mango with seeds is listed in the Hawaii fruits and vegetables manual as a fruit for which quick freezing treatment is not authorized. In this final rule, we are amending paragraph (b) of Sec. 305.17 to indicate that quick freezing treatment is not authorized for mango with seeds from Hawaii.
We are also making some nonsubstantive editorial changes:
The part heading for 7 CFR part 318 has read ``Hawaiian and Territorial Quarantine Notices.'' We are changing this part heading to read ``State of Hawaii and Territories Quarantine Notices.''
In paragraph (b) of proposed Sec. 318.13-1, ``Notice of quarantine,'' we indicated that the movement of (among other things) plants and portions of plants from Hawaii and the territories would be prohibited except as provided in the proposed subpart ``Regulated
Articles From Hawaii and the Territories.'' However, the movement of cotton plants and plant parts under certain conditions is authorized under ``Subpart--Territorial Cotton, Cottonseed, and Cottonseed
Products'' (Sec. Sec. 318.47 through 318.47-4), and we did not propose to change that subpart or those requirements. Accordingly, in this final rule, paragraph (b) of Sec. 318.13-1 refers to the movement of plants and portions of plants being authorized under ``Subpart--
Territorial Cotton, Cottonseed, and Cottonseed Products'' as well as under ``Subpart--Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories.''
In the proposed regulatory text, we made several references to the term ``consignment'' and to the Plant Protection and
Quarantine (PPQ) program, but did not define those terms. In this final rule, we are adding definitions of those terms. The definition of
``consignment'' is identical to the definition of that term in our imported fruits and vegetables regulations (in Sec. 319.56-2) except that it refers to certificates and limited permits rather than to phytosanitary certificates.
We proposed to amend the definition of ``cut flowers'' to indicate that such flowers are customarily used in the florist trade and not planting. In this final rule, we are changing the proposed definition by adding the word ``for'' before ``planting,'' to further clarify the intended use of cut flowers.
We proposed to retain the definitions of ``State'' and
``United States'' that have been set out in Sec. 318.13-1. However, these definitions are not consistent with the definitions of those terms in the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.). In this final rule, we are adding definitions of these terms that are based on the Plant Protection Act definitions. The new definitions are substantively identical to the previous ones.
The regulations in Sec. Sec. 318.13-17 and 318.58-12 have provided certain general conditions for transit of fruits and vegetables into or through the continental United States from Hawaii and from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, respectively. We proposed to consolidate these provisions in Sec. 318.13-6. In the context of labeling requirements, proposed Sec. 318.13-6 referred both to ``English common names'' and ``English names.'' In this final rule,
Sec. 318.13-6 refers only to ``English common names'' for consistency and clarity.
The regulations in Sec. Sec. 318.13-8 and 318.54-8 have stated that persons, means of conveyance (including ships, other ocean- going craft, and aircraft), baggage, cargo, and any other articles that are destined for movement, are moving, or have been moved interstate
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from Hawaii and Puerto Rico, respectively, are subject to agricultural inspection at various points during movement. We proposed to consolidate these requirements in Sec. 318.13-8 but otherwise did not propose to change them. In this final rule, we are adding the words
``In addition to the inspection requirements in Sec. Sec. 318.13-9 and 318.13-10'' to the beginning of Sec. 318.13-8, to ensure that the reader is aware of all the provisions related to inspection.
We proposed to add restrictions on the interstate movement of processed fruits, vegetables, and other products in a new Sec. 318.13-14. In our proposed regulatory text, we referred the reader to the fruits and vegetables manuals to find which processed products are approved for interstate movement. In the final rule, we are adding to the new Sec. 318.13-14 the Web addresses where those manuals can be found.
Therefore, for the reasons given in the proposed rule and in this document, we are adopting the proposed rule as a final rule, with the changes discussed in this document.
Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866. The rule has been determined to be not significant for the purposes of
Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the
Office of Management and Budget.
In accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act, we have analyzed the potential economic effects of this action on small entities.
This rule revises and reorganizes the regulations pertaining to the interstate movement of fruits and vegetables to consolidate requirements of general applicability and eliminates redundant requirements, updates terms and removes outdated requirements and references, makes various editorial and nonsubstantive changes to regulations to make them easier to use, and expand their applicability to include CNMI and all other territories and possessions of the United
States.
APHIS is also making substantive changes to the regulations. This rule establishes criteria within the regulations that, if met, allow
APHIS to approve certain fruits and vegetables for interstate movement and to acknowledge pest-free areas in Hawaii and U.S. territories without undertaking rulemaking. Currently, these commodities may only be brought into the continental United States after completion of a pest risk analysis, risk management document, and rulemaking, if the commodities are not currently included on the list of regulated articles.\2\ A similar type of notice-based process has been implemented by APHIS for approving imports. Implementing this rule ensures equitable treatment for domestic producers. This rule also does away with the process of listing in the regulations specific commodities as regulated articles. These changes simplify and expedite the APHIS processes for approving certain regulated articles for interstate movement and pest-free areas while continuing to allow for public participation in the process.
\2\ Regulated articles are fruits and vegetables that APHIS has determined to not involve the risk of spreading plant pests as ordinarily packaged or after treatment.
Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities Affected by the Rule
Those entities most likely to be economically affected by the rule are wholesalers and producers of fruits and vegetables. The Small
Business Administration (SBA) has established guidelines for determining which establishments are to be considered small. A firm primarily engaged in wholesaling fresh fruits and vegetables is considered small if it employs not more than 100 persons. In 2002, about 95 percent (4,044 of 4,244) of fresh fruit and vegetable wholesalers in the United States were small by SBA standards.\3\ All types of fruit and vegetable farms are considered small if they have annual receipts of $0.75 million or less. With some exceptions, vegetable and melon farms are largely individually owned and relatively small, with two-thirds harvesting fewer than 25 acres. In 2002, between 80 and 84 percent of U.S. vegetable and melon farms were considered small. Similarly, although numbers have declined, fruit and tree nut production is still dominated by small, family, or individually run farm operations. In 2002, between 92 and 95 percent of all fruit and tree nut farms were considered small.\4\
\3\ 2002 Economic Census. Department of Commerce. U.S. Bureau of the Census. North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
Category--424480: Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers.
\4\ 2002 Census of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
National Agricultural Statistics Service. NAICS Categories--1112:
Vegetable and melon farming; 1113: Fruit and tree nut farming.
Expected Effects of the Rule
The fruit and tree nut and the vegetable and melon sectors are vibrant in the United States, for both consumers and producers. The
United States is one of the world's leading producers and consumers of vegetables and melons. The annual sale of vegetables and melons earned farmers $17.3 billion on average during 2001-03, more than 8 percent of all farm cash receipts (crops and livestock) and 17 percent of crop receipts. Similarly, the U.S. fruit and tree nuts industry is an important component of the U.S. farm sector. It generated over $12 billion in U.S. farm cash receipts annually in the early 2000s, averaging 6 percent of all farm cash receipts and 12 percent of all crop receipts.
The typical American annually consumes over 280 pounds of fruit and tree nuts (fresh and processed products) each year, ranking third in per capita consumption of major food groups, next to dairy and vegetables. Annual per capita consumption of all vegetables and melons rose 4 percent from 1991-93 to 2001-03, reaching 440 pounds as fresh consumption increased and processed fell. Consumer expenditures for fruit and vegetables are growing faster than for any food group other than meats. Increased domestic and world supplies, rising disposable incomes, and a growing and more culturally diverse population will continue to expand consumer demand for fruits and vegetables in the
United States over the next decade. Another important stimulus is continued emphasis on health and nutrition. The fruit and vegetable industries have been very active in promoting the health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption.
Hawaii and the U.S. territories are important sources of fresh fruits and vegetables for the rest of the United States. In 2002, 666
Hawaiian farms produced more than $55 million in vegetables, melons, potatoes, and sweet potatoes, equal to about 10 percent of total
Hawaiian agricultural sales, and 2,582 Hawaiian farms produced more than $179 million in fruits, tree nuts, and berries, accounting for more than 33 percent of total Hawaiian agricultural sales. In 2002,
Hawaii ranked seventh among the States in the production of fruits, tree nuts, and berries, and 28th in the production of vegetables, melons, potatoes, and sweet potatoes. Hawaii's growers of tropical specialty fruit produced and sold an estimated 1.5 million pounds of fresh fruit in 2005, according to the National Agricultural Statistics
Service Hawaii Field Office. This amount was half again as large as the revised 2004 output of 1 million pounds and the highest on record for fresh tropical specialty fruit since records began to be published for this group.
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Notice-Based Process
Currently, the regulations prohibit the interstate movement of fruits, vegetables, and other products from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam into the continental United States or any other territory or possession of the United States unless the regulations specifically allow the interstate movement of the particular fruit, vegetable, or regulated article. As a condition of interstate movement under the regulations, all approved fruits, vegetables, and other products are subject to some type of restriction to ensure that the regulated article does not act as a pathway for the introduction or dissemination of plant pests or noxious weeds into the
United States.
Typically, certain products may be moved interstate if the movement is authorized by a limited permit or a valid certificate issued on the basis of inspection and verification of pest freedom, or on the basis of treatment. These requirements are considered universal requirements.
Certain other fruits, vegetables, or products must meet additional requirements to be eligible for movement including distribution restrictions, packing requirements, and other measures determined to be necessary to mitigate the pest risk posed by the particular commodity.
This rule establishes a new regulatory approach whereby APHIS will approve or reject certain fruits and vegetables for movement into the continental United States from Hawaii and the U.S. territories without specific prior rulemaking, but in a manner that still provides for public review and comment on the scientific documentation on which such decisions are based. This notice-based process involves a risk analysis that identifies all the pests of concern, documents how all quarantine pests will be removed from the movement pathway through inspection and/ or treatment, and allows for public comment.
Currently, exceptions are made to the prohibition for specific commodities moving from Hawaii and the territories provided that the pest risk they pose is mitigated by specific phytosanitary measures.
For the vast majority of commodities listed in 7 CFR part 318, inspection and/or treatment are the phytosanitary measures applied to ensure that a commodity does not convey plant pests. For other commodities, APHIS requires a more complex risk mitigation strategy
(i.e., a systems approach).
In considering whether to newly authorize the movement of a commodity, APHIS identifies the phytosanitary measures necessary to address the pest risk posed by the commodity. As a matter of current
APHIS policy, any decision made on whether to allow the movement of a commodity from Hawaii or the U.S. territories into the continental
United States proceeds through the rulemaking process before the decision can be implemented and the movement allowed.
The notice-based process will apply only to fruits and vegetables that, based on the findings of a risk analysis, APHIS determines can be safely moved interstate subject to one or more designated risk management measures. These designated measures are: (1) Inspection in the State of origin or in the State of first arrival and compliance with all applicable provisions of 318.13-3; (2) treatment in accordance with part 305 and certification of the treatment by an inspector; (3) inspection and certification in the State of origin by an inspector or a State agricultural inspector and found free of one or more specific quarantine pests identified by risk analysis as likely to follow the pathway; (4) commercial consignments only; (5) originating from a pest- free area in the State of origin and the grower from which the commodity originated has entered into a compliance agreement with the
Administrator; and (6) subject to box marking or labeling requirements.
Fruits and vegetables that require additional risk management beyond one or more of the designated measures cited above will follow the current rulemaking-based process.
By eliminating the need for specific rulemaking for commodities for which the notice-based process is appropriate, considerable time savings could be reaped. The current process for approving commodities takes a notable period of time, ranging on average from 18 months to upwards of 3 years (beginning with the initial request and ending with the publication of the final rule). A significant portion of this time is devoted to the rulemaking process. This rule will reduce the time needed for approval for interstate movement of some fruits and vegetables without eliminating the opportunity for public participation in our analysis of risk.
Consumers benefit from the opportunity to purchase fruits and vegetables from a variety of sources. Consumer expenditures for fruit and vegetables are growing faster than for any food group other than meats. Many of the commodities that will be covered by this rule are likely to be niche products, such as tropical specialty fruits that are unavailable or limited in availability in the continental United
States. This rule will allow producers to more quickly meet consumer demand for those niche products. In addition, most fruit and vegetable production in the continental United States is seasonal, with the largest harvests occurring during the summer and fall. Hawaiian and territorial produce supplement the supply of fruits and vegetables in the continental United States, especially fresh products during the winter, resulting in increased choices for consumers. Hawaiian and territorial producers will also benefit from the ability to more quickly respond to the demands of consumers.
In the current process, APHIS proceeds through rulemaking once it has conducted a risk analysis and identified what phytosanitary measures are necessary to address the pest risk posed by the commodity for which permission for movement into the continental United States has been requested. This rule amends the fruits and vegetables regulations to allow the commodity to be listed as eligible for movement under specified conditions. We expect that requests under this process will lead relatively quickly to the interstate shipment of particular fruits and vegetables that would otherwise face delay under the rulemaking process. There are certain statutory, executive branch, and departmental process requirements that are typically not required under a notice-based process.
The movement requests most likely to qualify for the notice-based process will be for specialty crops having limited markets. These requests, when their risk analyses have been completed and needed phytosanitary measures have been identified, are currently often grouped together for rulemaking. We estimate that by using a notice- based approach, commodity interstate movement approvals could be accomplished 6 to 12 months sooner than when using the rulemaking approach.
This rule does not alter the manner in which the risks associated with a commodity movement request are evaluated, nor does it alter the manner in which those risks are ultimately mitigated. The change merely creates a process whereby certain fruits and vegetables from Hawaii and the territories will be able to more quickly be approved for movement into the continental United States, once it has been determined that the commodity can be safely moved subject to one or more designated risk management measures.
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Approval of Pest-Free Areas
APHIS currently recognizes changes in pest-free areas via rulemaking. For example, if an area where fruit flies are known to exist is determined to be free of fruit flies, in order for a fruit or vegetable that is a fruit fly host to move out of that area into the continental United States without treatment or other mitigation for fruit flies, APHIS must list the specific area in the regulations as a fruit-fly free area. If changes in the pest-free status of such areas occur, APHIS must revise the regulations to recognize the changes.
Given that such changes in the regulations can only be made via rulemaking, the regulations may not reflect the actual status of a particular area given the time it takes to propose a change to the regulations, respond to comments on the proposal, and to publish a final rule amending the regulations.
Under this rule, when provided with evidence that the pest-free status of an area has changed, APHIS will publish in the Federal
Register a notice of the proposed change in status and take public comment for 60 days. If no comments submitted to APHIS provide evidence that its determination of pest freedom is incorrect, APHIS will announce that it considers the area to be free of the specified pest and that the area in question meets certain criteria.
This provision will have no immediate impact because there are currently no designated pest-free areas in Hawaii or the territories.
However, it will allow APHIS to more quickly recognize changes in the pest-free status of such areas, if any are established in Hawaii or the
U.S. territories in the future.
Listing of Specific Commodities Allowed To Move Into the Continental
United States
Under this rule, currently approved commodities will no longer be listed in the regulations, nor will commodities that are approved for movement subject to one or more of the designated measures described previously be listed. Consequently, the lists of commodities will be removed from the Code of Federal Regulations, as will a number of other provisions in current commodity-specific sections in the regulations that authorize movement of specific fruits and vegetables in accordance with one or more of the designated measures.
APHIS' Hawaii/CNMI and Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands fruits and vegetable manuals will list approved commodities, and the documentation supporting their approval will be made available on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ports/ downloads/hawaii.pdf or http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/ plants/manuals/ports/downloads/puerto_rico.pdf. These changes will not alter how or whether a commodity is approved for movement, merely how that status is presented. Therefore, these changes should therefore have little, if any, impact.
Regulated Articles Allowed Interstate Movement Subject to Specific
Conditions
Currently, the regulations contain provisions for interstate movement of certain regulated articles from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam to other locations in the United States subject to inspection and other universal requirements. Most such commodities will no longer be listed in the regulations under this rule. Those commodities that are allowed interstate movement subject to additional measures beyond the notice-based process measures will be listed. Such commodities will remain subject to the same restrictions that currently apply to their interstate movement.
In many cases, the fruits, vegetables, and other products from
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and CNMI subject to additional measures for movement have not been specifically listed in the regulations. This rule will therefore add some commodities to the regulations. However, these measures are currently being enforced administratively. Therefore, these additions to the regulations do not represent a significant change to interstate movement policy, and should have little, if any, impact.
Reorganization of the Regulations and Consolidation of Similar
Provisions
This rule will also revise and reorganize the regulations pertaining to the interstate movement of fruits and vegetables to consolidate requirements of general applicability and eliminate redundant requirements, update terms and remove outdated requirements and references, and make various editorial and nonsubstantive changes to the regulations to make them easier to use. These changes will not, however, represent a change in program operations, and should therefore have little, if any, impact.
Conclusion
In sum, APHIS expects little impact on the total supply of fruits and vegetables available in the continental United States, and little change in the movement of fruits and vegetables from Hawaii and the territories; effects on U.S. producers, marketers and consumers are expected to be small. The main provision of this rule represents a significant structural revision of the regulations pertaining to the movement of fruits and vegetables from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S.
Virgin Islands, Guam, and CNMI, and establishes a new process for approving commodities for movement into the continental United States.
However, those commodity movement requests most likely to qualify for the notice-based process will be for specialty crops having limited markets. This rule will not alter the conditions that apply to currently approved fruits or vegetables.
Of particular note with respect to the approval process, the change will allow a newly approved commodity to move more quickly into commerce to the benefit of consumers and Hawaiian and territorial producers once it has been determined that the commodity can be safely moved interstate subject to one or more designated risk management measures. This rule, itself, will not allow for the interstate movement of any specific fruits or vegetables, nor will it alter the conditions for interstate movement of currently approved fruits or vegetables.
These changes do not alter the manner in which the risk associated with a commodity interstate movement request is evaluated, nor do they alter the manner in which those risks are ultimately mitigated. Consumers will have quicker access to fruits and vegetables approved for movement using the notice-based process, while risks will still be evaluated and appropriate mitigations required, as they are currently.
Under these circumstances, the Administrator of the Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service has determined that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Executive Order 12372
This program/activity is listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance under No. 10.025 and is subject to Executive Order 12372, which requires intergovernmental consultation with State and local officials. (See 7 CFR part 3015, subpart V.)
Executive Order 12988
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,
Civil Justice Reform. This rule: (1) Preempts all State and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule; (2) has no retroactive effect; and (3) does not require administrative proceedings
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before parties may file suit in court challenging this rule.
National Environmental Policy Act
The majority of the regulatory changes in this document are nonsubstantive, and would therefore have no effects on the environment.
However, this rule will allow APHIS to approve certain new articles for interstate movement without undertaking rulemaking. Despite the fact that the interstate movement of these fruits and vegetables will no longer be contingent on the completion of rulemaking, the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), will still apply. As such, for each additional regulated article approved for interstate movement, APHIS will make available to the public documentation related to our analysis of the potential environmental effects of the interstate movement of new regulated articles. This documentation would likely be made available at the same time and via the same Federal Register notice as the risk analysis for the proposed article.
Paperwork Reduction Act
In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information collection or recordkeeping requirements included in this rule have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under OMB control number 0579-0346.
E-Government Act Compliance
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is committed to compliance with the E-Government Act to promote the use of the Internet and other information technologies, to provide increased opportunities for citizen access to Government information and services, and for other purposes. For information pertinent to E-Government Act compliance related to this rule, please contact Mrs. Celeste Sickles,
APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301) 851-2908.
Lists of Subjects 7 CFR Part 305
Irradiation, Phytosanitary treatment, Plant diseases and pests,
Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 7 CFR Part 318
Cotton, Cottonseeds, Fruits, Guam, Hawaii, Plant diseases and pests, Puerto Rico, Quarantine, Transportation, Vegetables, Virgin
Islands. 0
Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR parts 305 and 318 as follows:
PART 305--PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS 0 1. The authority citation for part 305 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 7701-7772 and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. 0 2. Section 305.17 is amended as follows: 0 a. By revising paragraph (a) to read as set forth below. 0 b. In paragraph (b)(3), by adding the words ``from Hawaii and'' after the word ``seeds''.
Sec. 305.17 Authorized treatments; exceptions.
(a) Quick freeze is an authorized treatment for all fruits and vegetables imported into the United States or moved interstate from
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands, except for those fruits and vegetables listed in paragraph (b) of this section. Quick freeze for fruits and vegetables imported into the United States or moved interstate from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands must be conducted in accordance with Sec. 319.56-12 of this subchapter for imported fruits and vegetables and Sec. 318.13-13 of this subchapter for fruits and vegetables moved interstate.
* * * * *
Sec. 305.34 [Amended] 0 3. In Sec. 305.34, paragraph (b)(2)(iii) is amended by removing the citation ``Sec. 318.13-4(d)'' and adding the citation ``Sec. 318.13- 3(d)'' in its place.
PART 318--STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES 0 4. The authority citation for part 318 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 7701-7772 and 7781-7786; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. 0 5. The part heading for part 318 is revised to read as set forth above. 0 6. Subpart--Hawaiian Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers, consisting of
Sec. Sec. 318.13 through 318.13-17, is removed and a new Subpart--
Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories, Sec. Sec. 318.13-1 through 318.13-25, is added to read as follows:
Subpart--Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories
Sec. 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine. 318.13-2 Definitions. 318.13-3 General requirements for all regulated articles. 318.13-4 Approval of certain fruits and vegetables for interstate movement. 318.13-5 Pest-free areas. 318.13-6 Transit of regulated articles from Hawaii or the territories into or through the continental United States. 318.13-7 Products as ships' stores or in the possession of passengers or crew. 318.13-8 Articles and persons subject to inspection. 318.13-9 Inspection and disinfection of means of conveyance. 318.13-10 Inspection of baggage, other personal effects, and cargo. 318.13-11 Posting of warning notice and distribution of baggage declarations. 318.13-12 Movement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 318.13-13 Movement of frozen fruits and vegetables. 318.13-14 Movement of processed fruits, vegetables, and other products. 318.13-15 Parcel post inspection. 318.13-16 Regulated articles allowed interstate movement subject to specified conditions. 318.13-17 Regulated articles from Guam. 318.13-18 through 318.13-20 [Reserved] 318.13-21 Avocados from Hawaii to Alaska. 318.13-22 Bananas from Hawaii. 318.13-23 Cut flowers from Hawaii. 318.13-24 Sweetpotatoes from Puerto Rico. 318.13-25 Sweetpotatoes from Hawaii.
Subpart--Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories
Sec. 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine.
(a) Under the authority of section 412 of the Plant Protection Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may prohibit or restrict the movement in interstate commerce of any plant or plant product if the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary to prevent the introduction into the United States or the dissemination within the
United States of a plant pest or noxious weed.
(b) The Secretary has determined that it is necessary to prohibit the interstate movement of cut flowers and fruits and vegetables and plants and portions of plants from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin
Islands, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands except as provided in this subpart or as provided in ``Subpart--
Territorial Cotton, Cottonseed, and Cottonseed Products'' in this part.
Sec. 318.13-2 Definitions.
Administrator. The Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture, or any other employee of APHIS to whom authority has been
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delegated to act in the Administrator's stead.
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
Approved growing media. Agar or other translucent tissue culture media, buckwheat hulls, clean ocean sand, excelsior, exfoliated vermiculite, ground cork, ground peat, ground rubber, paper, polymer stabilized cellulose, quarry gravel, sawdust, wood shavings, cork shavings, sphagnum moss, tree fern slab (approved only for orchids), and vegetable fiber (free of pulp) including coconut and osmunda, but excluding cotton and sugarcane.
Certification (certified). A type of authorization, issued by an inspector, evidencing freedom from infestation, to allow the movement of certain regulated articles in accordance with the regulations in this subpart. ``Certified'' shall be construed accordingly.
Commercial consignment. A lot of fruits or vegetables that an inspector identifies as having been produced for sale or distribution in mass markets. Such identification will be based on a variety of indicators, including, but not limited to: Quantity of produce, type of packaging, identification of grower and packinghouse on the packaging, and documents consigning the fruits or vegetables to a wholesaler or retailer.
Compliance agreement. Any agreement to comply with stipulated conditions as prescribed under Sec. 318.13-3 or Sec. 318.13-4 or
Sec. 305.34 of this chapter, executed by any person to facilitate the interstate movement of regulated articles under this subpart.
Consignment. A quantity of plants, plant products, and/or other articles, including fruits or vegetables, being moved from one country to another and covered, when required, by a single certificate or limited permit (a consignment may be composed of one or more commodities or lots).
Continental United States. The 48 contiguous States, Alaska, and the District of Columbia.
Cut flower. Any cut blooms, fresh foliage, and dried decorative plant material customarily used in the florist trade and not for planting; and being the severed portion of a plant, including the inflorescence, and any parts of the plant attached thereto, in a fresh state.
Disinfection (disinfect and disinfected). The application to parts or all of a ship, vessel, other surface craft, or aircraft of a treatment that may be designated by the inspector as effective against such plant pests as may be present. (``Disinfect'' and ``disinfected'' shall be construed accordingly.)
Fruits and vegetables. A commodity class for fresh parts of plants intended for consumption or processing and not planting.
Inspector. A State agricultural inspector or any individual authorized by the Administrator of APHIS or the Commissioner of Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security, to enforce the regulations in this subpart.
Interstate. From one State into or through any other State; or within the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United
States, or any other territory or possession of the United States.
Limited permit. A document issued by an inspector or a person operating under a compliance agreement for the interstate movement of regulated articles to a specified destination for:
(1) Consumption, limited utilization or processing, or treatment; or
(2) Movement into or through the continental United States in conformity with a transit permit.
Lot. A number of units of a single commodity, identifiable by its homogeneity of composition and origin, forming all or part of a consignment.
Means of conveyance. A ship, truck, aircraft, or railcar.
Moved (move and movement). Shipped, offered for shipment to a common carrier, received for transportation or transported by a common carrier, or carried, transported, moved, or allowed to be moved, directly or indirectly, from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Marina Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands into or through the continental United States or any other State or territory of the United States (or from or into or through other places as specified in this subpart). ``Move'' and ``movement'' shall be construed accordingly.
Packing materials. Any plant or plant product, soil, or other substance associated with or accompanying any commodity or consignment to serve for filling, wrapping, ties, lining, mats, moisture retention, protection, or any other auxiliary purpose. The word ``packing,'' as used in the expression ``packing materials,'' includes the presence of such materials within, in contact with, or accompanying a consignment.
Person. Any individual, partnership, corporation, association, joint venture, or other legal entity.
Plant debris. Detached leaves, twigs, or other portions of plants, or plant litter or rubbish as distinguished from approved parts of clean fruits and vegetables, or other commercial articles.
Plant pests. Any living stage of any of the following that can directly or indirectly injure, cause damage to, or cause disease in any plant or plant product: A protozoan, nonhuman animal, parasitic plant, bacterium, fungus, virus or viroid, infectious agent or other pathogen, or any article similar to or allied with any of those articles.
Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ). The Plant Protection and
Quarantine program of APHIS.
Regulated articles. Fruits or vegetables in the raw or unprocessed state; cut flowers; seeds; and plants or plant products for nonpropagative or propagative use.
Sealed (sealable) container. A completely enclosed container designed for the storage and/or transportation of commercial air, sea, rail, or truck cargo, and constructed of metal or fiberglass, or other similarly sturdy and impenetrable material, providing an enclosure accessed through doors that are closed and secured with a lock or seal.
Sealed (sealable) containers used for sea consignments are distinct and separable from the means of conveyance carrying them when arriving in and in transit through the continental United States. Sealed (sealable) containers used for air consigments are distinct and separable from the means of conveyance carrying them before any transloading in the continental United States. Sealed (sealable) containers used for air consignments after transloading in the continental United States or for overland consignments in the continental United States may either be distinct and separable from the means of conveyance carrying them, or be the means of conveyance itself.
Soil. The loose surface material of the earth in which plants grow, in most cases consisting of disintegrated rock with an admixture of organic material and soluble salts.
State. Any of the several States of the United States, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the
United States, or any other territory or possession of the United
States.
Transit permit. A written authorization issued by the Administrator for the movement of fruits and vegetables en route to a foreign destination that are otherwise prohibited movement by this subpart into the continental United States. Transit permits authorize one or more consignments over a designated period of time.
Transloading. The transfer of cargo from one sealable container to another,
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from one means of conveyance to another, or from a sealable container directly into a means of conveyance.
United States. All of the States.
Sec. 318.13-3 General requirements for all regulated articles.
All regulated articles that are allowed movement under this subpart must be moved in accordance with the following requirements, except as specifically provided otherwise in this subpart.
(a) Freedom from plant debris. All regulated articles moved under this subpart must be free from plant debris.
(b) Certification. Certification may be issued for the movement of regulated articles under the following conditions:
(1) Certification on basis of inspection or nature of lot involved.
Regulated articles may be certified when they have been inspected by an inspector and found apparently free from infestation and infection, or without such inspection when the inspector determines that the lot for consignment is of such a nature that no danger of infestation or infection is involved.
(i) Persons intending to move any articles that may be certified must contact the local Plant Protection and Quarantine office as far as possible in advance of the contemplated date of shipment in order to request an inspection.
(ii) Persons intending to move any articles that may be certified must prepare, handle, and safeguard such articles from infestation or reinfestation, and assemble them at such points as the inspector may designate, placing them so that inspection may be readily made.
(2) Certification on basis of treatment. (i) Regulated articles for which treatments are approved in part 305 of this chapter may be certified if such treatments have been applied in accordance with part 305 of this chapter and if the articles were handled after such treatment in accordance with a compliance agreement executed by the applicant for certification or under the supervision of an inspector.
(ii) Regulated articles certified after treatment in accordance with part 305 of this chapter that are taken aboard any ship, vessel, other surface craft, or aircraft must be segregated and protected in a manner as required by the inspector.
(c) Limited permits. (1) Limited permits \1\ may be issued by an inspector for the movement of certain noncertified regulated articles to restricted destinations.
\1\ Limited permits can be obtained from each State or territory's local Plant Protection and Quarantine office.
(2) Limited permits may be issued by an inspector for the movement of regulated articles that would otherwise be prohibited movement under this subpart, if the articles are to be moved in accordance with Sec. 318.13-6.
(3) Except when the regulations specify that an inspector must issue the limited permit, limited permits may be issued by a person operating under a compliance agreement.
(d) Compliance agreements. As a condition for the movement of regulated articles for which a compliance agreement is required, the person entering the compliance agreement must agree to the following:
(1) That he or she will use any permit or certification issued to him or her in accordance with the provisions in the permit, the requirements in this subpart, and the compliance agreement;
(2) That he or she will maintain at his or her establishment such safeguards against the establishment and spread of infestation and infection and comply with such conditions as to the maintenance of identity, handling (including post-treatment handling), and interstate movement of regulated articles and the cleaning and treatment of means of conveyance and containers used in such movement of the articles, as may be required by the inspector in each specific case to prevent the spread of infestation or infection; and
(3) That he or she will allow inspectors to inspect the establishment and its operations.
(e) Attachment of limited permit or verification of certification.
Except as otherwise provided for certain air cargo and containerized cargo on ships moved in accordance with Sec. 318.13-10, each box, bale, crate, or other container of regulated articles moved under certification or limited permit shall have the limited permit attached to the outside of the container or bear a U.S. Department of
Agriculture stamp or inspection sticker verifying that the consignment has been certified in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section:
Provided, That if a limited permit or certification is issued for a consignment of more than one container or for bulk products, certification shall be stamped on or the limited permit shall be attached to the accompanying waybill, manifest, or bill of lading.
(f) Withdrawal of certification, transit permits, limited permits, or compliance agreements. Any certification, transit permit, limited permit, or compliance agreement which has been issued or authorized may be withdrawn by an inspector orally or in writing, if such inspector determines that the holder thereof has not complied with all conditions under the regulations for the use of such document. If the cancellation is oral, the decision and the reasons for the withdrawal shall be confirmed in writing as promptly as circumstances allow. Any person whose certification, transit permit, limited permit, or compliance agreement has been withdrawn may appeal the decision in writing to the
Administrator within 10 days after receiving the written notification of the withdrawal. The appeal shall state all of the facts and reasons upon which the person relies to show that the certification, transit permit, limited permit, or compliance agreement was wrongfully withdrawn. The Administrator shall grant or deny the appeal, in writing, stating the reasons for such decision, as promptly as circumstances allow. If there is a conflict as to any material fact, a hearing shall be held to resolve such conflict. Rules of practice concerning such a hearing will be adopted by the Administrator.
(g) Container marking and identity. Except as provided in Sec. 318.13-6(c), consignments of regulated articles moved in accordance with this subpart must have the following information clearly marked on each container or on the waybill, manifest, or bill of lading accompanying the articles: Nature and quantity of contents; name and address of shipper, owner, or person shipping or forwarding the articles; name and address of consignee; shipper's identifying mark and number; and the certification stamp or number of the limited permit authorizing movement, if one was issued.
(h) Refusal of movement. An inspector may refuse to allow the interstate movement of a regulated article if the inspector finds that the regulated article is prohibited, is not accompanied by required documentation, is so infested with a plant pest or noxious weed that, in the judgment of the inspector, it cannot be cleaned or treated, or contains soil or other prohibited contaminants.
(i) Costs and charges. Services of the inspector during regularly assigned hours of duty at the usual places of duty shall be furnished without cost to the one requesting such services. APHIS will not assume responsibility for any costs or charges, other than those indicated in this section, in connection with the inspection, treatment, conditioning, storage, forwarding, or any other operation of any character incidental to the physical movement of regulated articles or plant pests.
(j) APHIS not responsible for damage. APHIS assumes no responsibility for any damage to regulated articles that
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results from the application of treatment or other measures required under this subpart (or under part 305 of this chapter) to protect against the dissemination of plant pests within the United States.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0346)
Sec. 318.13-4 Approval of certain fruits and vegetables for interstate movement.
(a) Determination by the Administrator. The Administrator has determined that the application of one or more of the designated phytosanitary measures cited in paragraph (b) of this section to certain fruits and vegetables mitigates the risk posed by those commodities, and that such articles may be moved interstate subject to one or more of those measures, as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. The name and origin of all fruits and vegetables authorized movement under this section, as well as the applicable requirements for their movement, may be found on the Internet at http:/
/www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/ hawaii.pdf or http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ ports/downloads/puerto_rico.pdf. Fruits or vegetables that require phytosanitary measures other than one or more of the designated phytosanitary measures cited in paragraph (b) of this section may only be moved in accordance with applicable requirements in Sec. 318.13-3 and regulated article-specific requirements contained elsewhere in this subpart.
(b) Designated phytosanitary measures. (1) The fruits and vegetables are inspected in the State of origin or in the first State of arrival.
(2) The fruits and vegetables originated from a pest-free area in the State of origin and the grower from which the fruit or vegetable originated has entered into a compliance agreement with the
Administrator.
(3) The fruits and vegetables are treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter and the treatment is certified by an inspector.
(4) The fruits and vegetables articles are inspected and certified in the State of origin by an inspector and have been found free of one or more specific quarantine pests identified by risk analysis as likely to follow the pathway.
(5) The fruits and vegetables are moved as commercial consignments only.
(6) The fruits and vegetables may be distributed only within a defined area and the boxes or containers in which the fruit or vegetables are distributed must be marked to indicate the applicable distribution restrictions.
(c) Fruits and vegetables authorized for interstate movement under this section.
(1) Previously approved fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables that were authorized movement under this subpart either administratively or by specific regulation as of February 17, 2009 and that were subject only to one or more of the designated phytosanitary measures cited in paragraph (b) of this section and the general requirements of Sec. 318.13-3 may continue to be moved interstate under the same requirements that applied before February 17, 2009, except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section. The interstate movement conditions for those fruits and vegetables that were authorized movement under this subpart subject to additional measures beyond the designated measures in paragraph (b) of this section can be found in Sec. 318.13-16 or one of the commodity-specific sections in this subpart.
(2) Other fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables that do not meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(1) of this section may be authorized movement under this section as follows:
(i) Pest risk analysis. The risk posed by the particular article from a specified State has been evaluated and publicly communicated as follows:
(A) Availability of pest risk analysis. APHIS published in the
Federal Register, for a public comment period of 60 days, a notice announcing the availability of a pest risk analysis that evaluated the risks associated with the movement of the particular fruit or vegetable.
(B) Determination of risk; factors considered. The Administrator determined, and announced in the notice referred to in the previous paragraph, that, based on the information available, the application of one or more of the designated phytosanitary measures described in paragraph (b) of this section is sufficient to mitigate the risk that plant pests or noxious weeds could be introduced into or disseminated elsewhere within the United States by the fruit or vegetable. In order for the Administrator to make the determination described in this paragraph, he or she must conclude based on the information presented in the risk analysis for the fruit or vegetable that the risk posed by each quarantine pest associated with the fruit or vegetable in the
State of origin is mitigated by one or more of the following factors:
(1) Inspection. A quarantine pest is associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin, but the pest can be easily detected via inspection in the State of origin or in the State of first arrival;
(2) Pest freedom. No quarantine pests are known to be associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin, or a quarantine pest is associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin but the fruit or vegetable originates from an area that meets the requirements of Sec. 318.13-5 for pest freedom;
(3) Effectiveness of treatment. A quarantine pest is associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin, but the risk posed by the pest can be reduced by applying an approved post-harvest treatment to the fruit or vegetable;
(4) Predeparture inspection. A quarantine pest is associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin, but the fruit or vegetable is subject to predeparture inspection;
(5) Commercial consignments. A quarantine pest is associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin, but the risk posed by the pest can be reduced by commercial practices.
(6) Limited distribution. A quarantine pest is associated with the fruit or vegetable in the State of origin, but the risk posed by the pest can be reduced by limiting distribution of the fruit or vegetable and labeling boxes containing the fruit or vegetable with those distribution instructions.
(ii) Administrator's decision. The Administrator will announce his or her decision in a subsequent Federal Register notice. If appropriate, APHIS would begin allowing the interstate movement of the fruits or vegetables subject to requirements specified in the notice because:
(A) No comments were received on the pest risk analysis;
(B) The comments on the pest risk analysis revealed that no changes to the pest risk analysis were necessary; or
(C) Changes to the pest risk analysis were made in response to public comments, but the changes did not affect the overall conclusions of the analysis and the Administrator's determination of risk.
(d) Amendment of interstate movement requirements. If, after
February 17, 2009, the Administrator determines that one or more of the designated phytosanitary measures is not sufficient to mitigate the risk posed by any fruit or vegetable authorized interstate movement under this section, APHIS will prohibit or further restrict the interstate movement of the fruit or vegetable pending resolution of the situation. If APHIS concludes that a
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permanent change to the interstate movement requirements of a particular fruit or vegetable is necessary, APHIS will also publish a notice in the Federal Register advising the public of its finding. The notice will specify the amended interstate movement requirements, provide an effective date for the change, and invite public comment on the subject.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0346)
Sec. 318.13-5 Pest-free areas.
Certain fruits or vegetables may be moved interstate provided that the fruits or vegetables originate from an area that is free of a specific pest or pests. In some cases, fruits or vegetables may only be moved interstate if the area of origin is free of all plant pests that attack the fruits or vegetables. In other cases, fruits or vegetables may be moved interstate if the area of origin is free of one or more plant pests that attack the fruit or vegetable and the risk posed by the remaining plant pests that attack the fruit or vegetable is mitigated by other specific phytosanitary measures contained in the regulations in this subpart.
(a) Application of standards for pest-free areas. APHIS will make a determination of an area's pest-free status based on information provided by the State. The information used to make this determination will include trapping and surveillance data, survey protocols, and protocols for actions to be performed upon detection of a pest.
(b) Survey protocols. APHIS must approve the survey protocol used to determine and maintain pest-free status, as well as protocols for actions to be performed upon detection of a pest. Pest-free areas are subject to audit by APHIS to verify their status.
(c) Determination of pest freedom. (1) For an area to be considered free of a specified pest for the purposes of this subpart, the
Administrator must determine, and announce in a notice published in the
Federal Register for a public comment period of 60 days, that the area meets the criteria of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
(2) The Administrator will announce his or her decision in a subsequent Federal Register notice. If appropriate, APHIS will allow movement of the regulated article from a pest-free area because:
(i) No comments were received on the notice or
(ii) The comments on the notice did not affect the overall conclusions of the notice and the Administrator's determination of risk.
(d) Decertification of pest-free areas; reinstatement. If a pest is detected in an area that is designated as free of that pest, APHIS will publish in the Federal Register a notice announcing that the pest-free status of the area in question has been withdrawn and that interstate movement of host crops for the pest in question is subject to application of an approved treatment for the pest. If a treatment for the pest is not available, interstate movement of the host crops would be prohibited. In order for a decertified pest-free area to be reinstated, it would have to meet the criteria of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.
(e) General requirements for the interstate movement of regulated articles from pest-free areas.
(1) Labeling. Each box of fruits or vegetables that is moved interstate from a pest-free area under this subpart must be clearly labeled with:
(i) The name of the orchard or grove of origin, or the name of the grower; and
(ii) The name of the municipality and State or territory in which the fruits or vegetables were produced; and
(iii) The type and amount of fruits or vegetables the box contains.
(2) Compliance agreement. Persons wishing to move fruits or vegetables from a pest-free area in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands must enter into a compliance agreement with APHIS in accordance with Sec. 318.13-3(d).
(3) Safeguarding. If fruits or vegetables are moved from a pest- free area into or through an area that is not free of that pest, the fruits or vegetables must be safeguarded during the time they are present in a non-pest-free area by being covered with insect-proof mesh screens or plastic tarpaulins, including while in transit to the packinghouse and while awaiting packaging. If fruits or vegetables are moved through an area that is not free of that pest during transit to a port, they must be packed in insect-proof cartons or containers or be covered by insect-proof mesh or plastic tarpaulins during transit to the port and subsequent movement into or through the United States.
These safeguards described in this section must remain intact until the fruits or vegetables reach their final destination.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0346)
Sec. 318.13-6 Transit of fruits and vegetables from Hawaii or the territories into or through the continental United States.
Fruits and vegetables from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands that are otherwise prohibited interstate movement into the continental United States by this subpart may transit the continental
United States en route to a foreign destination when moved in accordance with this section.
(a) Transit permit. (1) A transit permit is required for the arrival, unloading, and movement through the continental United States of fruits and vegetables otherwise prohibited by this subpart from being moved through the continental United States from Hawaii, Puerto
Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the
U.S. Virgin Islands. Application for a transit permit may be made in writing or with PPQ Form 586.\2\ The transit permit application must include the following information:
\2\ PPQ Form 586 can be obtained from PPQ Permit Services or at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/transit.shtml .
Applications for transit permits should be submitted to USDA, APHIS,
PPQ Permit Services, 4700 River Road Unit 136, Riverdale, MD 20737 or through e-permits http://www.aphis.usda.gov/permits/learn_ epermits.shtml.
(i) The specific types of fruits and vegetables to be shipped (only scientific or English common names are acceptable);
(ii) The means of conveyance to be used to transport the fruit or vegetable through the continental United States;
(iii) The port of arrival in the continental United States, and the location of any subsequent stop;
(iv) The location of, and the time needed for, any storage in the continental United States;
(v) Any location in the continental United States where the fruits or vegetables are to be transloaded;
(vi) The means of conveyance to be used for transporting the fruits or vegetables from the port of arrival in the continental United States to the port of export;
(vii) The estimated time necessary to accomplish exportation, from arrival at the port of arrival in the continental United States to exit at the port of export;
(viii) The port of export; and
(ix) The name and address of the applicant and, if the applicant's address is not within the territorial limits of the continental United
States, the name and address in the continental United States of an agent whom the applicant names for acceptance of service of process.
(2) A transit permit will be issued only if the following conditions are met:
(i) APHIS inspectors are available at the port of arrival, port of export, and any locations at which transloading of cargo will take place and, in the case of
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air consignments, at any interim stop in the continental United States, as indicated on the application for the transit permit;
(ii) The application indicates that the proposed movement would comply with the provisions in this section applicable to the transit permit; and
(iii) During the 12 months prior to receipt of the application by
APHIS, the applicant has not had a transit permit withdrawn under Sec. 318.13-3(f), unless the transit permit has been reinstated upon appeal.
(b) Limited permit. Fruits or vegetables shipped from Hawaii,
Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands through the continental United States under this section must be accompanied by a limited permit, a copy of which must be presented to an inspector at the port of arrival and the port of export in the continental United States, and at any other location in the continental United States where an air consignment is authorized to stop or where overland consignments change means of conveyance. An inspector will issue a limited permit if the following conditions are met:
(1) The inspector determines that the specific type and quantity of the fruits or vegetables being shipped are accurately described by accompanying documentation, such as the accompanying manifest, waybill, and bill of lading. (Only scientific or English common names are acceptable.) The fruits or vegetables shall be assembled at whatever point and in whatever manner the inspector designates as necessary to comply with the requirements of this section; and
(2) The inspector establishes that the consignment of fruits or vegetables has been prepared in compliance with the provisions of this section.
(c) Marking requirements. Each of the smallest units, including each of the smallest bags, crates, or cartons, containing regulated articles for transit through the continental United States under this section must be conspicuously marked, prior to the locking and sealing of the container in the State of origin, with a printed label that includes a description of the specific type and quantity of the fruits or vegetables (only scientific or English common names are acceptable), the transit permit number under which the regulated articles are to be shipped, and, in English, the State in which they were grown and the statement ``Distribution in the United States is Prohibited.''
(d) Handling of fruits and vegetables. Fruits or vegetables shipped through the United States from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands in accordance with this section may not be commingled in the same sealed container with fruits or vegetables that are intended for entry and distribution in the United States. The fruits or vegetables must be kept in sealed containers from the time the limited permit required by paragraph (b) of this section is issued, until the fruits or vegetables exit the United States, except as otherwise provided in the regulations in this section. Transloading must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (a), (h), and (i) of this section.
(e) Area of movement. The port of arrival, the port of export, ports for air stops, and overland movement within the continental
United States of fruits or vegetables shipped under this section is limited to a corridor that includes all States of the continental
United States except Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, except that movement is allowed through Dallas/Fort Worth, TX, as an authorized stop for air cargo, or as a transloading location for consignments that arrive by air but that are subsequently transloaded into trucks for overland movement from Dallas/Fort Worth, TX, into the designated corridor by the shortest route. Movement through the United States must begin and end at locations staffed by APHIS inspectors.
(f) Movement of regulated articles. Transportation through the continental United States shall be by the most direct route to the final destination of the consignment in the country to which it is exported, as determined by APHIS based on commercial shipping routes and timetables and set forth in the transit permit. No change in the quantity of the original consignment from that described in the limited permit is allowed. No remarking is allowed. No diversion or delay of the consignment from the itinerary described in the transit permit and limited permit is allowed unless authorized by an APHIS inspector upon determination by the inspector that the change will not significantly increase the risk of plant pests or diseases in the United States, and unless each port to which the consignment is diverted is staffed by
APHIS inspectors.
(g) Notification in case of emergency. In the case of an emergency such as an accident, a mechanical breakdown of the means of conveyance, or an unavoidable deviation from the prescribed route, the person in charge of the means of conveyance must, as soon as practicable, notify the APHIS office at the port where the cargo arrived in the United
States.
(h) Consignments by sea. Except as authorized by this paragraph, consignments arriving in the United States by sea from Hawaii, Puerto
Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the
U.S. Virgin Islands may be transloaded once from a ship to another ship or, alternatively, once to a truck or railcar at the port of arrival and once from a truck or railcar to a ship at the port of export, and must remain in the original sealed container, except under extenuating circumstances and when authorized by an inspector upon determination by the inspector that the transloading would not significantly increase the risk of the introduction of plant pests or diseases into the United
States, and provided that APHIS inspectors are available to provide supervision. No other transloading of the consignment is allowed, except under extenuating circumstances (e.g. , equipment breakdown) and when authorized by an inspector upon determination by the inspector that the transloading would not significantly increase the risk of the introduction of plant pests or diseases into the continental United
States, and provided that APHIS inspectors are available to provide supervision.
(i) Consignments by air. (1) Consignments arriving in the United
States by air from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands may be transloaded only once in the United States. Transloading of air consignments must be carried out in the presence of an APHIS inspector. Consignments arriving by air that are transloaded may be transloaded either into another aircraft or into a truck trailer for export by the most direct route to the final destination of the consignment through the designated corridor set forth in paragraph (e) of this section. This may be done at either the port of arrival in the United States or at the second air stop within the designated corridor, as authorized in the transit permit and as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section.
No other transloading of the consignment is allowed, except under extenuating circumstances (e.g., equipment breakdown) and when authorized by an APHIS inspector upon determination by the inspector that the transloading would not significantly increase the risk of the introduction of plant pests or diseases into the United States, and provided that APHIS inspectors are
Page 2781
available to provide supervision. Transloading of air consignments will be authorized only if the following conditions are met:
(i) The transloading is done into sealable containers;
(ii) The transloading is carried out within the secure area of the airport (i.e., that area of the airport that is open only to personnel authorized by the airport security authorities);
(iii) The area used for any storage is within the secure area of the airport; and
(iv) APHIS inspectors are available to provide the supervision required by paragraph (i)(1) of this section.
(2) Except as authorized by paragraph (f) of this section, consignments that continue by air from the port of arrival in the continental United States may be authorized by APHIS for only one additional stop in the continental United States, provided the second stop is within the designated corridor set forth in paragraph (e) of this section and is staffed by APHIS inspectors. As an alternative to transloading a consignment arriving in the United States into another aircraft, consignments that arrive by air may be transloaded into a truck trailer for export by the most direct route to the final destination of the consignment through the designated corridor set forth in paragraph (e) of this section. This may be done at either the port of arrival in the United States or at the second authorized air stop within the designated corridor. No other transloading of the consignment is allowed, except under extenuating circumstances (e.g., equipment breakdown) and when authorized by an APHIS inspector upon determination by the inspector that the transloading would not significantly increase the risk of the introduction of plant pests or diseases into the United States, and provided that APHIS inspectors are available to provide supervision.
(j) Duration and location of storage. Any storage in the United
States of fruits or vegetables shipped under this section must be for a duration and in a location authorized in the transit permit required by paragraph (a) of this section. Areas where such fruits or vegetables are stored must be either locked or guarded at all times the fruits and vegetables are present. Cargo shipped under this section must be kept in a sealed container while stored in the continental United States.
(k) Temperature requirement. Except for time spent on aircraft and except during storage and transloading of air consignments, the temperature in the sealed containers containing fruits and vegetables moved under this section must be 60 [deg]F or lower from the time the regulated articles leave Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States until they exit the United
States.
(l) Prohibited materials. (1) The person in charge of or in possession of a sealed container used for movement into or through the
United States under this section must ensure that the sealed container is carrying only those fruits or vegetables authorized by the transit permit required under paragraph (a) of this section; and
(2) The person in charge of or in possession of any means of conveyance or container returned to the United States without being reloaded after being used to export fruits or vegetables from the
United States under this section must ensure that the means of conveyance or container is free of materials prohibited importation into the United States under this chapter.
(m) Authorization by APHIS of the movement of fruits or vegetables through the United States under this section does not imply that such fruits or vegetables are enterable into the destination country.
Consignments returned to the United States from the destination country shall be subject to all applicable regulations, including ``Subpart--
Fruits and Vegetables'' of part 319 and ``Plant Quarantine Safeguard
Regulations'' of part 352 of this chapter.
(n) Any restrictions and requirements with respect to the arrival, temporary stay, unloading, transloading, transiting, exportation, or other movement or possession in the United States of any fruits or vegetables under this section shall apply to any person who brings into, maintains, unloads, transloads, transports, exports, or otherwise moves or possesses in the United States such fruits or vegetables, whether or not that person is the one who was required to have a transit permit or limited permit for the fruits or vegetables or is a subsequent custodian of the fruits or vegetables. Failure to comply with all applicable restrictions and requirements under this section by such a person shall be deemed to be a violation of this section.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0346)
Sec. 318.13-7 Products as ships' stores or in the possession of passengers or crew.
(a) In the possession of passengers or crew members. Small quantities of fruits, vegetables, or cut flowers subject to the quarantine and regulations in this subpart, when loose and free of packing materials, may be taken aboard any ship, vessel, or other surface craft by passengers or members of the crew without inspection and certification in the State of origin. However, if such articles are not eligible for certification under Sec. 318.13-3, they must be entirely consumed or disposed of before arrival within the territorial waters of the continental United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands.
(b) As ships' stores or decorations. Fruits, vegetables, or cut flowers subject to the quarantine and regulations in this subpart may be taken aboard a ship, vessel, or other surface craft in Hawaii,
Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands without inspection or certification. Fruits, vegetables, and cut flowers that are so taken aboard such a carrier must be either:
(1) Entirely consumed or removed from the ship, vessel, or other surface craft before arrival within the territorial waters of the continental United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States; or
(2) In the case of a surface carrier, retained aboard such carrier under seal or otherwise disposed of subject to safeguards equivalent to those imposed on other prohibited or restricted products by paragraphs
(b) and (c) of Sec. 352.10 of this chapter.
Sec. 318.13-8 Articles and persons subject to inspection.
In addition to the inspection requirements in Sec. Sec. 318.13-9 and 318.13-10, persons, means of conveyance (including ships, other oceangoing craft, and aircraft), baggage, cargo, and any other articles, that are destined for movement, are moving, or have been moved from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to a destination elsewhere in the United States are subject to agricultural inspection at the port of departure, the port of arrival, or any other authorized port. If an inspector finds any article prohibited movement by the quarantine and regulations of this subpart, he or she, taking the least drastic action, shall order the return of the article to the place of origin, or the exportation of the article, under safeguards satisfactory to him or her, or otherwise dispose of it, in whole or part, to comply with the
Page 2782
quarantine and regulations of this subpart.
Sec. 318.13-9 Inspection and disinfection of means of conveyance.
(a) Inspection of aircraft prior to departure. No person shall move any aircraft from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to any other State unless the person moving the aircraft has contacted an inspector and offered the inspector the opportunity to inspect the aircraft prior to departure and the inspector has informed the person proposing to move the aircraft that the aircraft may depart.
(b) Inspection of aircraft moving to Guam. Any person who has moved an aircraft from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to Guam shall contact an inspector and offer the inspector the opportunity to inspect the aircraft upon the aircraft's arrival in Guam.
(c) Inspection of ships upon arrival. Any person who has moved a ship or other oceangoing craft from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands to any other State shall contact an inspector and offer the inspector the opportunity to inspect the ship or other oceangoing craft upon its arrival.
(d) Disinfection of means of conveyance. If an inspector finds that a means of conveyance is infested with or contains plant pests, and the inspector orders disinfection of the means of conveyance, then the person in charge or in possession of the means of conveyance shall disinfect the means of conveyance and its cargo in accordance with an approved method contained in part 305 of this chapter under the supervision of an inspector and in a manner prescribed by the inspector, prior to any movement of the means of conveyance or its cargo.
Sec. 318.13-10 Inspection of baggage, other personal effects, and cargo.
(a) Offer for inspection by aircraft passengers. Passengers destined for movement by aircraft from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands to any other State shall offer their carry-on baggage and other personal effects for inspection at the place marked for agricultural inspections, which will be located at the airport security checkpoint or the aircraft boarding gate, at the time they pass through the checkpoint or the gate. Passengers shall offer their check-in baggage for inspection at agricultural inspection stations prior to submitting their baggage to the check-in baggage facility. When an inspector has inspected and passed such baggage or personal effects, he or she shall apply a U.S. Department of Agriculture stamp, inspection sticker, or other identification to such baggage or personal effects to indicate that such baggage or personal effects have been inspected and passed as required. Passengers shall disclose any fruits, vegetables, plants, plant products, or other articles that are requested to be disclosed by the inspector. When an inspection of a passenger's baggage or personal effects discloses an article in violation of the regulations in this part, the inspector shall seize the article. The passenger shall state his or her name and address to the inspector, and provide the inspector with corroborative identification. The inspector shall record the name and address of the passenger, the nature of the identification presented for corroboration, the nature of the violation, the types of articles involved, and the date, time, and place of the violation.
(b) Offer for inspection by aircraft crew. Aircraft crew members destined for movement by aircraft from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands to any other State, shall offer their baggage and personal effects for inspection at the inspection station designated for the employing airline not less than 20 minutes prior to the scheduled departure time of the aircraft or the rescheduled departure time as posted in the public areas of the airport. When an inspector has inspected and passed such baggage or personal effects, he or she shall apply a U.S. Department of Agriculture stamp, inspection sticker, or other identification to the baggage or personal effects to indicate that such baggage or personal effects have been inspected and passed as required. Aircraft crew members shall disclose any fruits, vegetables, plants, plant products, or other articles that are requested to be disclosed by the inspector. When an inspection of a crew member's baggage or personal effects discloses an article in violation of the regulations in this part, the inspector shall seize the article. The crew member shall state his or her name and address to the inspector, and provide the inspector with corroborative identification. The inspector shall record the name and address of the crew member, the nature of the identification presented for corroboration, the nature of the violation, the types of articles involved, and the date, time, and place of the violation.
(c) Baggage inspection for persons traveling to Guam on aircraft.
No person who has moved from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin
Islands to Guam on an aircraft shall remove or attempt to remove any baggage or other personal effects from the area secured for customs inspections before the person has offered to an inspector, and has had passed by the inspector, his or her baggage and other personal effects.
Persons shall disclose any fruits, vegetables, plants, plant products, or other articles that are requested to be disclosed by the inspector.
When an inspection of a person's baggage or personal effects discloses an article in violation of the regulations in this part, the inspector shall seize the article. The person shall state his or her name and address to the inspector, and provide the inspector with corroborative identification. The inspector shall record the name and address of the person, the nature of the identification presented for corroboration, the nature of the violation, the types of articles involved, and the date, time, and place of the violation.
(d) Baggage acceptance and loading on aircraft. No person shall accept or load any check-in aircraft baggage destined for movement from
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to any other State unless the baggage bears a U.S. Department of Agriculture stamp, inspection sticker, or other indication applied by an inspector representing that the baggage has been inspected and certified.
(e) Offer for inspection by persons moving by ship. No person who has moved on any ship or other oceangoing craft from Hawaii, Puerto
Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the
U.S. Virgin Islands to any other territory, State, or District of the
United States, shall remove or attempt to remove any baggage or other personal effects from the designated inspection area as provided in paragraph (h) of this section on or off the ship or other oceangoing craft unless the person has offered to an inspector for inspection, and has had passed by the inspector, the baggage and other personal effects. Persons shall disclose any fruits, vegetables, plants, plant products, or other articles that are requested to be disclosed by the inspector. When an inspection of a person's baggage or personal effects discloses an article in violation of the regulations in this part, the inspector
Page 2783
shall seize the article. The person shall state his or her name and address to the inspector, and provide the inspector with corroborative identification. The inspector shall record the name and address of the person, the nature of the identification presented for corroboration, the nature of the violation, the types of articles involved, and the date, time, and place of the violation.
(f) Loading of certain cargoes. (1) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, no person shall present to any common carrier or contract carrier for movement, and no common carrier or contract carrier shall load, any cargo containing fruits, vegetables, or other articles regulated under this subpart that are destined for movement from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to any other State unless the cargo has been offered for inspection, passed by an inspector, and bears a U.S. Department of Agriculture stamp or inspection sticker, or unless a limited permit is attached to the cargo as specified in Sec. 318.13-3(e).
(2) Cargo designated may be loaded without a U.S. Department of
Agriculture stamp or inspection sticker attached to the cargo or a limited permit attached to the cargo if the cargo is moved:
(i) As containerized cargo on ships or other oceangoing craft or as air cargo;
(ii) The carrier has on file documentary evidence that a valid limited permit was issued for the movement or that the cargo was certified; and
(iii) A notation of the existence of these documents is made by the carrier on the waybill, manifest, or bill of lading that accompanies the consignment.
(3) Cargo moved in accordance with Sec. 318.13-6(b) that does not have a limited permit attached to the cargo must have a limited permit attached to the waybill, manifest, or bill of lading accompanying the consignment.
(g) Removal of certain cargoes in Guam. No person shall remove or attempt to remove from a designated inspection area as provided in paragraph (h) of this section, on or off the means of conveyance, any cargo moved from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to Guam containing fruits, vegetables, or other articles regulated under this subpart, unless the cargo has been inspected and passed by an inspector in Guam.
(h) Space and facilities for baggage and cargo inspection. Baggage and cargo inspection will not be performed until the person in charge or possession of the ship, other oceangoing craft, or aircraft provides space and facilities on the means of conveyance, pier, or airport that are adequate, in the inspector's judgment, for the performance of inspection.
Sec. 318.13-11 Posting of warning notice and distribution of baggage declarations.
(a) Before any aircraft or any ship, vessel, or other surface craft moving to Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, or
American Samoa from Hawaii or any other territory or possession of the
United States arrives in Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana
Islands, or American Samoa, a baggage declaration, to be furnished by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, calling attention to the provisions of the Plant Protection Act and the quarantine and regulations in this subpart, must be distributed to each adult passenger. These baggage declarations shall be executed and signed by the passengers and shall be collected and delivered by the master or other responsible officer of the aircraft, ship, vessel, or other surface craft to the inspector on arrival at the quarantine or inspection area.
(b) Every person owning or controlling any dock, harbor, or landing field in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern
Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands from which ships, vessels, other surface craft, or aircraft leave for ports in any other State shall post, and keep posted at all times, in one or more conspicuous places in passenger waiting rooms on or in said dock, harbor, or landing field a warning notice directing attention to the quarantine and regulations in this subpart. Every master, or other responsible officer of any ship, vessel, other surface craft, or aircraft leaving
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands destined to a port in any other
State, shall similarly post, and keep posted at all times, such a warning notice in the ship, vessel, other surface craft, or aircraft under his charge.
Sec. 318.13-12 Movement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Notwithstanding any other restrictions of this subpart, regulated articles may be moved if they are moved by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture for experimental or scientific purposes and are moved under conditions found by the Administrator to be adequate to prevent the spread of plant pests and diseases.
Sec. 318.13-13 Movement of frozen fruits and vegetables.
Frozen fruits and vegetables may be certified for movement from
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands, into or through any other territory, State, or District of the United States in accordance with
Sec. 318.13-3. Such fruits and vegetables must be held at a temperature not higher than 20 [deg]F during shipping and upon arrival in the continental United States, and in accordance with the requirements for the interstate movement of frozen fruits and vegetables in part 305 of this chapter. Paragraph (b) of Sec. 305.17 lists frozen fruits and vegetables for which quick freezing is not an authorized treatment.
Sec. 318.13-14 Movement of processed fruits, vegetables, and other products.
(a) Fruits, vegetables, and other products that are processed sufficiently as to preclude the survival of any live pests can be moved interstate from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Those processed products which are approved for interstate movement from those States can be found in the fruits and vegetables manuals for those States.
These manuals are available on the Internet at http:// www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/ hawaii.pdf and http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ ports/downloads/puerto_rico.pdf.
(b) Consignments of processed fruits, vegetables, or other products that have not been processed sufficiently as to be incapable of harboring fruit flies are subject to the interstate movement requirements which apply to the fruit, vegetable, or other product in its unprocessed state.
Sec. 318.13-15 Parcel post inspection.
Inspectors are authorized to inspect, with the cooperation of the
U.S. Postal Service, parcel post packages placed in the mails in
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands to determine whether such packages contain products whose movement is not authorized under this subpart, to examine any such products that are found for insect infestation, and to notify the postmaster in writing of any violations of this subpart that are found as a result of an inspection.
Page 2784
Sec. 318.13-16 Regulated articles allowed interstate movement subject to specified conditions.
(a) The following regulated articles may be moved interstate in accordance with Sec. 318.13-3 and any additional requirements specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
State, territory, or district of
Additional origin
Common name
Botanical name
Plant part(s)
requirements
Hawaii.......................... Bananas \1\....... Musa spp.......... Fruit............. (b)(1)(i),
(b)(2)(ii)
Pot marigold,
Calendula spp..... Flower............ (b)(2)(iii) johnny-jump-ups, pansies, and violets.
Pineapple \2\..... Ananas comosus.... Fruit............. (b)(2)(i)
Puerto Rico..................... Cactus............ Cactaceae......... Whole plant....... (b)(2)(iv),
(b)(3)(ii)
Okra.............. Abelmoschus
Fruit............. (b)(3)(i) escuelentus.
Pot marigold,
Calendula spp..... Flower............ (b)(2)(iii) johnny-jump-ups, pansies, and violets.
U.S. Virgin Islands............. Cactus............ Cactaceae......... Whole plant....... (b)(2)(iv),
(b)(3)(ii)
Okra.............. Abelmoschus
Fruit............. (b)(3)(i) escuelentus.
Pot marigold,
Calendula spp..... Flower............ (b)(2)(iii) johnny-jump-ups, pansies, and violets.
\1\ Fruit may also be moved interstate in accordance with Sec. 318.13-17.
\2\ Fruit may also be moved interstate with treatment in accordance with part 305 of this chapter.
(b) Additional restrictions for applicable regulated articles as specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(1) Restricted movement and distribution.
(i) Allowed movement into Alaska. Cartons must be labeled, ``For distribution in Alaska only.''
(ii) [Reserved]
(2) Plant types.
(i) Smooth cayenne variety and hybrids with 50 percent or more smooth cayenne parentage only.
(ii) Green bananas of the cultivars ``Williams,'' ``Valery,''
``Grand Nain,'' and standard and dwarf ``Brazilian'' only.
(iii) Inflorescences only with no stems or leaves attached.
(iv) Bare-rooted plants or plants rooted in approved growing media only.
(3) Other conditions.
(i) If destined to States other than Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, or Virginia, the consignment must be treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter unless the consignment is for immediate consumption or processing.
(ii) Must be treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter.
Sec. 318.13-17 Regulated articles from Guam.
(a)(1) Regulated articles, other than soil, may be moved from Guam into or through any other State only if they meet the strictest plant quarantine requirements under part 319 of this chapter for similar articles offered for entry into such States from the countries of East and Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, the northeastern provinces of Manchuria, the Philippines, Taiwan, and
Vietnam, or the islands of the Central and South Pacific, including
Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, as well as Australia, New
Zealand, and the Malay Archipelago, except requirements for permits, phytosanitary certificates, notices of arrival, and notices of consignment from port of arrival. Soil must meet the requirements of
Sec. 330.300 of this chapter.
(2) Regulated articles that do not meet the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section are prohibited movement from Guam into or through any other State.
(b)(1) Regulated articles moved from Guam into or through any other
State shall be subject to inspection at the port of first arrival in another part of the United States to determine whether they are free of plant pests and otherwise meet the requirements applicable to them under this subpart, and shall be subject to release, in accordance with
Sec. 330.105(a) of this chapter as if they were foreign arrivals. Such articles shall be released only if they meet all applicable requirements under this subpart.
(2) A release shall be issued in writing unless the inspection involves small quantities of regulated articles, in which case a release may be issued orally by the inspector.
Sec. Sec. 318.13-18 through 318.13-20 [Reserved]
Sec. 318.13-21 Avocados from Hawaii to Alaska.
Avocados may be moved interstate from Hawaii to Alaska without treatment only under the following conditions:
(a) Distribution and marking requirements. The avocados may be moved interstate for distribution in Alaska only, the boxes of avocados must be clearly marked with the statement ``Distribution limited to the
State of Alaska'' and the consignment must be identified in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 318.13-3.
(b) Commercial consignments. The avocados may be moved in commercial consignments only.
(c) Packing requirements. The avocados must have been sealed in the packinghouse in Hawaii in boxes with a seal that will break if the box is opened.
(d) Ports. The avocados may enter the continental United States only at the following ports: Portland, OR; Seattle, WA; or any port in
Alaska.
(e) Shipping requirements. The avocados must be moved either by air or ship and in a sealed container. The avocados may not be commingled in the same sealed container with articles that are intended for entry and distribution in any State other than Alaska. If the avocados arrive at either Portland, OR, or Seattle, WA, they may be transloaded only under the following conditions:
(1) Consignments by sea. The avocados may be transloaded from one ship to another ship at the port of arrival, provided they remain in the
Page 2785
original sealed container and that APHIS inspectors supervise the transloading. If the avocados are stored before reloading, they must be kept in the original sealed container and must be in an area that is either locked or guarded at all times the avocados are present.
(2) Consignments by air. The avocados may be transloaded from one aircraft to another aircraft at the port of arrival, provided the following conditions are met:
(i) The transloading is done into sealable containers;
(ii) The transloading is carried out within the secure area of the airport (i.e., that area of the airport that is open only to personnel authorized by the airport security authorities);
(iii) The area used for any storage of the consignment is within the secure area of the airport, and is either locked or guarded at all times the avocados are present. The avocados must be kept in a sealed container while stored in the continental United States en route to
Alaska; and
(iv) APHIS inspectors supervise the transloading.
(3) Exceptions. No transloading other than that described in paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section is allowed except under extenuating circumstances (such as equipment breakdown) and when authorized and supervised by an APHIS inspector.
(f) Limited permit. Consignments of avocados must be accompanied by a limited permit issued by an APHIS inspector in accordance with Sec. 318.13-3(c). The limited permit will be issued only if the inspector examines the consignment and determines that the consignment has been prepared in compliance with the provisions of this section.
Sec. 318.13-22 Bananas from Hawaii.
(a) Green bananas (Musa spp.) of the cultivars ``Williams,''
``Valery,'' ``Grand Nain,'' and standard and dwarf ``Brazilian'' may be moved interstate from Hawaii with certification in accordance with
Sec. 318.13-3 if the bananas meet the following conditions:\3\
\3\ Bananas from Hawaii may also be moved to Alaska under Sec. 318.13-16.
(1) The bananas must be picked while green and packed for shipment within 24 hours after harvest. If the green bananas will be stored overnight during that 24-hour period, they must be stored in a facility that prevents access by fruit flies;
(2) No bananas from bunches containing prematurely ripe fingers
(i.e., individual yellow bananas in a cluster of otherwise green bananas) may be harvested or packed for shipment;
(3) The bananas must be inspected by an inspector and found free of plant pests as well as any of the following defects: Prematurely ripe fingers, fused fingers, or exposed flesh (not including fresh cuts made during the packing process); and
(4) To safeguard from fruit fly infestation, the bananas must be covered with insect-proof packaging, such as insect-proof mesh screens or plastic tarpaulins, from the time that they are packaged for shipment until they reach the port of arrival on the mainland United
States.
(b) Bananas of any cultivar or ripeness that do not meet the conditions of paragraph (a) of this section may also be moved interstate from Hawaii in accordance with the following conditions:
(1) The bananas are irradiated at the minimum dose listed in Sec. 305.31(a) of this chapter and in accordance with the other requirements in Sec. 305.34 of this chapter for the Mediterranean fruit fly
(Ceratitis capitata), the melon fruit fly (Bactrocera curcurbitae), the
Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), and the green scale (Coccus viridis) and are inspected, after removal from the stalk, in Hawaii and found to be free of the banana moth (Opogona sacchari (Bojen)) by an inspector before or after undergoing irradiation treatment; or
(2) The bananas are irradiated at the minimum dose listed in Sec. 305.31(a) of this chapter and in accordance with the other requirements in Sec. 305.34 of this chapter for the Mediterranean fruit fly
(Ceratitis capitata), the melon fruit fly (Bactrocera curcurbitae), and the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) and are inspected, after removal from the stalk, in Hawaii and found to be free of the green scale (Coccus viridis) and the banana moth (Opogona sacchari (Bojen)) before or after undergoing irradiation treatment.
(3) Untreated bananas from Hawaii may be moved interstate for treatment on the mainland United States under a limited permit issued by an inspector. To be eligible for a limited permit under this paragraph, bananas from Hawaii must be inspected prior to interstate movement from Hawaii and found free of banana moth if they are to be treated in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section or inspected and found free of banana moth and green scale if they are to be treated in accordance with the requirements of paragraph
(b)(2) of this section.
Sec. 318.13-23 Cut flowers from Hawaii.
(a) Except for cut blooms and leis of mauna loa and jade vine and except for cut blooms of gardenia not grown in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, cut flowers may be moved interstate from
Hawaii under limited permit, to a destination specified in the permit, directly from an establishment operated in accordance with the terms of a compliance agreement executed by the operator of the establishment, if the articles have not been exposed to infestation and they are not accompanied by any articles prohibited interstate movement under this subpart.
(b) Cut blooms of gardenia may be moved interstate from Hawaii if grown and inspected in accordance with the provisions of this section.\4\
\4\ Cut blooms of gardenia are also eligible for interstate movement with treatment in accordance with part 305 of this chapter.
(1) The grower's production area must be inspected annually by an inspector and found free of green scale. If green scale is found during an inspection, a 2-month ban will be placed on the interstate movement of cut blooms of gardenia from that production area. Near the end of the 2 months, an inspector will reinspect the grower's production area to determine whether green scale is present. If reinspection determines that the production area is free of green scale, shipping may resume.
If reinspection determines that green scale is still present in the production area, another 2-month ban on shipping will be placed on the interstate movement of gardenia from that production area. Each ban will be followed by reinspection in the manner specified, and the production area must be found free of green scale prior to interstate movement.
(2) The grower must establish a buffer area surrounding gardenia production areas. The buffer area must extend 20 feet from the edge of the production area. Within the buffer area, the growing of gardenias and the following green scale host plants is prohibited: Ixora, ginger
(Alpinia purpurata), plumeria, coffee, rambutan, litchi, guava, citrus, anthurium, avocado, banana, cocoa, macadamia, celery, Pluchea indica, mango, orchids, and annona.
(3) An inspector must visually inspect the cut blooms of gardenias in each consignment prior to interstate movement from Hawaii to the mainland United States. If the inspector does not detect green scale in the consignment, the inspector will certify the consignment in accordance with Sec. 318.13-3(b). If the inspector finds green scale in a consignment, that
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consignment will be ineligible for interstate movement from Hawaii.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0198)
Sec. 318.13-24 Sweet potatoes from Puerto Rico.
Sweet potatoes from Puerto Rico may be moved interstate to Atlantic
Coast ports north of and including Baltimore, MD, under limited permit if treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter or if the following conditions are met:
(a) The sweet potatoes must be certified by an inspector of Puerto
Rico as having been grown under the following conditions:
(1) Fields in which the sweet potatoes have been grown must have been given a preplanting treatment with an APHIS-approved soil insecticide.
(2) Before planting in such treated fields, the sweet potato draws and vine cuttings must have been dipped in an APHIS-approved insecticidal solution.
(3) During the growing season an approved insecticide must have been applied to the vines at prescribed intervals.
(b) An inspector of Puerto Rico must certify that the sweet potatoes have been washed.
(c) The sweet potatoes must be graded by inspectors of Puerto Rico in accordance with Puerto Rican standards which do not provide a tolerance for insect infestation or evidence of insect injury and found by such inspectors to comply with such standards prior to movement from
Puerto Rico.
(d) The sweet potatoes must be inspected by an inspector and found to be free of the sweet potato scarabee (Euscepes postfasciatus
Fairm.).
Sec. 318.13-25 Sweet potatoes from Hawaii.
(a) Sweet potatoes may be moved interstate from Hawaii in accordance with this section only if the following conditions are met:
\5\
\5\ Sweet potatoes may also be moved interstate from Hawaii with irradiation in accordance with Sec. 305.34 of this chapter or after fumigation with methyl bromide according to treatment schedule T- 101-b-3-1, as provided for in Sec. 305.6(a) of this chapter.
(1) The sweet potatoes must be treated in accordance with the vapor heat treatment schedule specified in Sec. 305.24.
(2) The sweet potatoes must be sampled, cut, and inspected and found to be free of the ginger weevil (Elytrotreinus subtruncatus).
Sampling, cutting, and inspection must be performed under conditions that will prevent any pests that may emerge from the sampled sweet potatoes from infesting any other sweet potatoes intended for interstate movement in accordance with this section.
(3) The sweet potatoes must be inspected and found to be free of the gray pineapple mealybug (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes) and the Kona coffee-root knot nematode (Meloidogyne konaensis).
(4)(i) Sweet potatoes that are treated in Hawaii must be packaged in the following manner:
(A) The cartons must have no openings that will allow the entry of fruit flies and must be sealed with seals that will visually indicate if the cartons have been opened. They may be constructed of any material that prevents the entry of fruit flies and prevents oviposition by fruit flies into the fruit in the carton.\6\
\6\ If there is a question as to the adequacy of a carton, send a request for approval of the carton, together with a sample carton, to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, 1730
Varsity Drive, Suite 400, Raleigh, NC 27606.
(B) The pallet-load of cartons must be wrapped before it leaves the treatment facility in one of the following ways:
(1) With polyethylene sheet wrap;
(2) With net wrapping; or
(3) With strapping so that each carton on an outside row of the pallet load is constrained by a metal or plastic strap.
(C) Packaging must be labeled with treatment lot numbers, packing and treatment facility identification and location, and dates of packing and treatment.
(ii) Cartons of untreated sweet potatoes that are moving to the mainland United States for treatment must be shipped in shipping containers sealed prior to interstate movement with seals that will visually indicate if the shipping containers have been opened.
(5)(i) Certification on basis of treatment. Certification shall be issued by an inspector for the movement of sweet potatoes from Hawaii that have been treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter and handled in Hawaii in accordance with this section.
(ii) Limited permit. A limited permit shall be issued by an inspector for the interstate movement of untreated sweetpotato from
Hawaii for treatment on the mainland United States in accordance with this section.
(b) [Reserved ]
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0281)
Subpart--Fruits and Vegetables From Puerto Rico or Virgin Islands
Removed
0 7. Subpart--Fruits and Vegetables From Puerto Rico or Virgin Islands, consisting of Sec. Sec. 318.58 through 318.58-16, is removed.
Subpart--Guam [Removed] 0 8. Subpart--Guam, consisting of Sec. Sec. 318.82 through 318.82-3, is removed.
Done in Washington, DC, this 9th day of January 2009.
Kevin Shea,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
FR Doc. E9-762 Filed 1-15-09; 8:45 am
BILLING CODE 3410-34-P
