Clean Water Act Methods Update Rule for the Analysis of Effluent

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 33 (Thursday, February 19, 2015)

Federal Register Volume 80, Number 33 (Thursday, February 19, 2015)

Proposed Rules

Pages 8955-9075

From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office www.gpo.gov

FR Doc No: 2015-02841

Page 8955

Vol. 80

Thursday,

No. 33

February 19, 2015

Part II

Environmental Protection Agency

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40 CFR Part 136

Clean Water Act Methods Update Rule for the Analysis of Effluent; Proposed Rule

Page 8956

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 136

EPA-HQ-OW-2014-0797; FRL-9920-55-OW

RIN 2040-AF48

Clean Water Act Methods Update Rule for the Analysis of Effluent

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA proposes changes to pollutant analysis methods that are used by industries and municipalities to analyze the chemical, physical, and biological components of wastewater and other environmental samples that are required by regulations under the Clean Water Act. EPA designed the proposed changes to increase flexibility for the regulated community, improve data quality, and update CWA methods to keep current with technology advances and analytical methods science. EPA updates and revises the CWA analytical methods from time to time, the most recent updates being completed in 2012. The new set of proposed changes described in this notice include revisions to current EPA methods and new and/or revised methods published by voluntary consensus standard bodies, such as ASTM International and the Standard Methods Committee. EPA also proposes to approve certain methods reviewed under the alternate test procedures program and clarify the procedures for EPA approval of nationwide and limited use alternate test procedures. Further, EPA proposes amendments to the procedure for determination of the method detection limit to address laboratory contamination and to better account for intra-laboratory variability.

DATES: Comments on this proposed rule must be received on or before April 20, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-

2014-0797, by one of the following methods:

www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.

Email: OW-Docket@epa.gov, Attention Docket ID number EPA-

HQ-OW-2014-0797.

Mail: Water Docket, Environmental Protection Agency, Mail code: 4203M, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460. Attention Docket ID number EPA-HQ-OW-2014-0797. Please include a total of 3 copies.

Hand Delivery: Water Docket, EPA Docket Center, EPA West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC, Attention Docket ID number EPA-HQ-OW-2014-0797. Such deliveries are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information by calling 202-566-2426.

Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID number EPA-HQ-OW-

2014-0797. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included in the public docket without change and may be made available online at www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through www.regulations.gov or email. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an email comment directly to EPA without going through www.regulations.gov your email address will be automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses.

Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some information in the docket is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Water Docket in EPA Docket Center, EPA/DC, EPA West William J. Clinton Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is 202-566-1744 and the telephone number for the Water Docket is 202-566-2426.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Adrian Hanley, Engineering and Analysis Division (4303T), Office of Water, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone: 202-564-1564; email: hanley.adrian@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. General Information

II. Overview

III. Statutory Authority

IV. Purpose and Summary of Proposed Rule

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. General Information

1. Does this Action apply to me?

   Entities potentially affected by the requirements of this proposed action include:

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   Examples of potentially affected

   Category entities

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   State, Territorial, and Indian States, territories, and tribes

   Tribal Governments. authorized to administer the

   National Pollutant Discharge

   Elimination System (NPDES)

   permitting program; states,

   territories, and tribes providing

   certification under CWA section

   401; state, territorial, and tribal

   owned facilities that must conduct

   monitoring to comply with NPDES

   permits.

   Industry.......................... Facilities that must conduct

   monitoring to comply with NPDES

   permits.

   Municipalities.................... Publicly Owned Treatment Works

   (POTWs) or other municipality owned

   facilities that must conduct

   monitoring to comply with NPDES

   permits.

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   This table is not exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. This table lists types of entities that EPA is now aware of that could potentially be affected by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be affected. To determine whether your facility is affected by this action, you should carefully examine the applicability language at 40 CFR 122.1 (NPDES purpose and scope), 40 CFR 136.1 (NPDES permits and CWA) and 40 CFR 403.1 (pretreatment standards purpose and applicability). If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the appropriate person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

2. What should I consider as I prepare my comments for EPA?

   1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit CBI to EPA through www.regulations.gov or email. Clearly mark the part or all of the information that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk that you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the disk as CBI and then identify electronically within the disk the specific information that is claimed as CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures for handling and protection of CBI set forth in 40 CFR part 2.

   2. Tips for Preparing Your Comments. When submitting comments, remember to:

   Identify the rulemaking by Docket ID number and other identifying information (subject heading, Federal Register date and page number).

   Explain why you agree or disagree, suggest alternatives, and substitute language for your requested changes.

   Describe any assumptions and provide any technical information and/or data that you used.

   If you estimate potential costs or burdens, explain how you arrived at your estimate in sufficient detail to allow for it to be reproduced.

   Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns, and suggest alternatives.

   Explain your views as clearly as possible, avoiding the use of profanity or personal threats.

   Make sure to submit your comments by the comment period deadline identified.

   II. Overview

   This preamble describes the reasons for the proposed rule; the legal authority for the proposed rule; a summary of the proposed changes and clarifications; and explanation of the abbreviations and acronyms used in this document. In addition, this preamble solicits comment and data from the public.

   Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Preamble and Proposed Rule Text

   AA: Atomic Absorption

   ADMI: American Dye Manufacturers Institute

   ASTM: ASTM International

   ATP: Alternate Test Procedure

   CAS: Chemical Abstract Services

   CFR: Code of Federal Regulations

   CWA: Clean Water Act

   EPA: Environmental Protection Agency

   FLAA: Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

   GC: Gas Chromatograph

   ICP/AES: Inductively Coupled Plasma--Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

   ICP/MS: Inductively Coupled Plasma--Mass Spectrometry

   LCS: Laboratory Control Sample

   MS: Mass Spectrometry

   MS/MSD: Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate

   NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

   POTW: Publicly Owned Treatment Works

   QA: Quality Assurance

   QC: Quality Control

   SM: Standard Methods

   STGFAA: Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

   USGS: United States Geological Survey

   VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standards Body

   III. Statutory Authority

   EPA proposes this regulation under the authorities of sections 301(a), 304(h), and 501(a) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. 1311(a), 1314(h), and 1361(a). Section 301(a) of the CWA prohibits the discharge of any pollutant into navigable waters unless the discharge complies with, among other provisions, a NPDES permit issued under section 402 of the CWA. Section 304(h) of the CWA requires the Administrator of the EPA to ``. . . promulgate guidelines establishing test procedures for the analysis of pollutants that shall include the factors which must be provided in any certification pursuant to section 401 of the CWA or permit application pursuant to section 402 of the CWA.'' Section 501(a) of the CWA authorizes the Administrator to ``. . . prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out this function under the CWA.'' EPA generally has codified its test procedure regulations (including analysis and sampling requirements) for CWA programs at 40 CFR part 136, though some requirements are codified in other parts (e.g., 40 CFR Chapter I, Subchapters N and O).

   IV. Purpose and Summary of Proposed Rule

   The CWA requires EPA to promulgate test procedures (analytical methods) for analyses required in NPDES permit applications and for reports required under NPDES permits. EPA codifies these approved test procedures at 40 CFR part 136. EPA regions, as well as authorized states, territories and tribes issue NPDES permits. These permits must include conditions designed to ensure compliance with the technology-

   based and water quality-based requirements of the CWA, including in many cases, restrictions on the quantity of specific pollutants that can be discharged as well as pollutant measurement and reporting requirements. Often, entities have a choice in deciding which approved test procedure they will use for a specific pollutant because EPA has approved the use of more than one.\1\

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   \1\ NPDES permit regulations also specify that the approved method needs to be sufficiently sensitive. See 40 CFR 122.21.e.3.

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   The procedures for the analysis of pollutants required by CWA section 304(h) are a central element of the NPDES permit program. Examples of where these EPA analytical methods must be used include, among others, the following: (1) Applications for NPDES permits, (2) sampling or other reports required under NPDES permits, (3) other requests for quantitative or qualitative effluent data under the NPDES regulations, (4) State CWA 401 certifications and (5) sampling and analysis required under EPA's General Pre-Treatment Regulations for Existing and New Sources of Pollution 40 CFR 136.1 and 40 CFR 403.12(b)(5)(v).

   Periodically, EPA proposes to update the approved methods in 40 CFR part 136. In general, the changes in this proposed action fall into the following categories: new and revised EPA methods and new and revised methods adopted by VCSBs; methods EPA has reviewed under EPA's national alternate test procedures (ATP) program and preliminarily concluded are appropriate for nationwide use; certain corrections to 40 CFR part 136; and amendments to the procedure for determination of the MDL primarily to address laboratory contamination and to better account for intra-

   laboratory variability. Collectively, EPA's current understanding indicates that adoption of these proposed revisions would improve data quality, update methods to keep current with technology advances, provide additional

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   clarity for ATPs, and provide the regulated community with greater flexibility.

   The following paragraphs provide details on the proposed revisions.

1. Changes to 40 CFR 136.3 and Appendix A to Include New Versions of Previously Approved EPA Methods

   EPA proposes revisions to the approved EPA Methods 608, 624, and 625 which it adopted in 1984, and proposes to make a minor correction to the parameter list in EPA Method 611. These four EPA methods are listed in Table IC at 40 CFR part 136. Methods 608 and 625 also are listed in Tables ID and IG, and Methods 624 and 625 are listed in Table IF. EPA also proposes minor corrections to microbiological methods 1600, 1603, 1680, and 1682. These four EPA methods are listed in Table IA at 40 CFR part 136, and Methods 1600 and 1603 are listed in Table IH.

   1. Methods 608, 624, and 625

   The proposed revisions take advantage of improvements in analytical technology and allow greater flexibility in order to accommodate future improvements to the methods and generally obviate any need for additional revisions. EPA revised these methods in collaboration with other EPA offices, states, and environmental laboratory organizations. The revisions conform to the following principles:

   Updated Technology: EPA changed the GC columns from packed columns to capillary (open tubular) columns. Capillary columns provide greater resolution and decreased adsorption (loss) of the analytes and, therefore, result in a significant improvement in the accuracy (recovery) and precision of the results.

   Method Flexibility: The revised methods allow greater method flexibility so that the methods more closely align with 40 CFR 136.6. This flexibility would make it easier for laboratories to make in-house improvements and technology updates in the future that will not compromise the original quality control acceptance criteria of the methods. Consistent with 40 CFR 136.6, EPA built into the methods procedures that will allow a laboratory to make limited changes to a method without applying for an ATP; however, the laboratory must document that the revisions produce results consistent with the QC acceptance criteria in the method in order to take advantage of the built-in flexibility. For example, the revised methods allow access to a greater list of compounds than the list of compounds determined by the original versions of these methods, provided that the laboratory can demonstrate acceptable accuracy and precision with these analytes in the specified matrices. The expanded list of compounds is an amalgamation of lists from Methods 1624, 1625, 1699 and other EPA methods that demonstrate the technology can be used to quantify these additional analytes. The revisions also allow more flexibility to adopt different extraction procedures, such as solid phase extraction. The revised methods include requirements for a laboratory to develop its own in-house QC acceptance criteria for tests of the laboratory control sample and tests of matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate samples, provided the LCS and MS/MSD meet minimum criteria specified in the method. The revisions also clarify that hydrogen can be used as a carrier gas for the methods. Some of the flexibility EPA proposes to add to the methods is currently specified in 40 CFR 136.6(b)(4)(xvi). Because EPA proposes to incorporate that flexibility directly into the method, EPA proposes to delete the corresponding text from 40 CFR 136.6.

   Method Harmonization: EPA updated these methods to make them more consistent with the most recent updates of similar methods from the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water and the Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery. EPA revised the required QC frequencies and standards (internal standards and surrogates) to more closely match the methods from other EPA analytical method programs. Laboratories that run methods from multiple EPA programs will benefit from these revisions.

   2. Method 611

   EPA proposes a minor correction to a parameter name in the parameter list of of EPA Method 611 (``Haloethers''). As currently listed, the compound with the CAS Registry Number 108-60-1 is bis(2-

   chloroisopropyl)ether. EPA proposes to correct the analyte name to 2,2'-oxybis(1-chloropropane), which matches the CAS Number 108-60-1. The original analyte name bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether has a CAS number of 39638-32-9. EPA is unaware that this chemical has ever been in industrial production, and is therefore unlikely to be a compound of monitoring concern. Furthermore, it is not possible to procure an analytical standard reference material for the compound with CAS number 39638-32-9. The compound in the parameter list should be 2,2'-oxybis(1-

   chloropropane), CAS number 108-60-1.

   3. Methods 1600, 1603, 1680, and 1682

   EPA proposes the following changes for EPA microbiological methods 1600, 1603, 1680, and 1682. These changes correct typographical or other errors that EPA identified in the methods after publication. EPA proposes to revise all of these methods with new EPA document numbers and dates.

   a. EPA Method 1600 for Enterococci using membrane filtration: In Table 3 Verification controls, EPA changed the negative control for brain heart infusion broth incubated at 45 degC from E. coli to Enterobacter aerogenes. E. coli is thermotolerant and E. aerogenes is not, so E. coli is not an appropriate negative control when heated.

   b. EPA Method 1603 for E. coli using membrane filtration: In Section 11.5, EPA changed the number of colonies on a countable plate from 20-60 to 20-80 colonies. Sixty colonies was a typographical error. In addition the following sentence was inadvertently omitted and EPA included it: Sample volumes of 1-100 mL are normally tested at half-log intervals (e.g., 100, 30, 10, and 3 mL).

   c. EPA Method 1680 for fecal coliforms using multiple tube fermentation: in Section 3.1 Definitions, the sentence ``The predominant fecal coliform is E. coli.'' should read ``The predominant fecal coliform can be E. coli.''

   d. EPA Method 1682 for Salmonella by MSRV medium: (1) In Section 9.3, Table 2, the lab-prepared spike acceptance criteria should read ``Detect--254%'' and ``Detect--287%'' and (2) in Section 14.5, Table 9, the spiked Salmonella for Example 2, Liquid should read ``3.7x10 \8\ CFU/mL.''

2. Methods Incorporated by Reference

   Currently, hundreds of methods and ATPs are incorporated by reference within 40 CFR part 136. In most cases, 40 CFR part 136 contains multiple approved methods for a single pollutant and regulated entities often have a choice in the selected method. The proposed rule contains revisions to methods that will be incorporated by reference from two VCSBs: Standard Methods and ASTM. EPA proposed VCSB methods in compliance with the National Technology Transfer Act (see Section V.I below). The proposed VCSB methods are available on their respective VCSB Web sites to everyone at a cost determined by the VCSB, generally from $40 to $80. Both organizations also offer memberships or subscriptions that allow unlimited access to their methods. The cost of obtaining these methods is not a

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   significant financial burden for a discharger or environmental laboratory, making the methods reasonably available. The proposal also includes USGS methods and vendor ATPs that are incorporated by reference. The ATPs and USGS methods are available free of charge on the Web site for that organization. Therefore, EPA concludes that the proposed methods and ATPs incorporated by reference are reasonably available. The individual standards are discussed in greater detail below.

3. Changes to 40 CFR 136.3 to Include New Versions of Approved Standard Methods

   EPA proposes to approve new versions of currently approved Standard Methods. The new versions of currently approved Standard Methods clarify or improve the instructions in the method, improve the QC instructions, or make editorial corrections. Consistent with the previous method update rule (77 FR 29767-29768), EPA proposes to generally approve and include in 40 CFR part 136 only the most recent version of a method published by the Standard Methods Committee by listing only one version of the method with the year of publication designated by the last four digits in the method number (e.g., SM 3111 B-2011). The date indicates the latest revision date of the method. This allows use of a specific method in any edition that includes a method with the same method number and year of publication.

   Most of the revisions that EPA proposes to Standard Methods previously approved in 40 CFR part 136 do not contain any substantive changes. The following describes the proposed non-substantive changes related to Standard Methods in 40 CFR part 136. Each entry contains the proposed Standard Methods number and date, the parameter, and a brief description of the analytical technique. The methods listed below are organized according to the table at 40 CFR part 136 in which they appear.

   The following changes would apply to Table IA at 40 CFR part 136:

   1. SM 9221 (B,C,E,F)-2006, Coliform (fecal), Coliform (fecal) in presence of chlorine, Coliform (total), Coliform (total) in presence of chlorine, E. coli, most probable number (MPN), 5 tube 3 dilution.

   2. SM 9223-2004, E. coli, multiple tube/multiple well.

   3. SM 9230 (B,C)-2007, Fecal Streptococci, Enterococci, most probable number (MPN), 5 tube 3 dilution or membrane filtration.

   The following changes would apply to Table IB at 40 CFR part 136:

   1. SM 2120 B-2011, color, platinum cobalt method.

   2. SM 2130 B-2011, turbidity, nephelometric method.

   3. SM 2310 B-2011, acidity, titration using electrometric endpoint or phenolphthalein endpoint.

   4. SM 2320 B-2011, alkalinity, electrometric or colorimetric titration to pH 4.5.

   5. SM 2340 B-2011 and SM 2340 C-2011, hardness, by the calculation method or EDTA titration.

   6. SM 2510 B-2011, conductivity, Wheatstone bridge method.

   7. SM 2540 B-2011, SM 2540 C-2011, SM 2540 D-2011, SM 2540 E-2011, and SM 2540 F-2011, total, filterable, non-filterable, volatile, and settleable residue (solids, listed in the same order as the method numbers), all by gravimetric methodologies.

   8. SM 2550 B-2010, temperature, thermometric.

   9. SM 3111 B-2011, SM 3111 C-2011, SM 3111 D-2011, and SM 3111 E-

   2011, metals, direct aspiration AA methods with different gas mixtures. Each method has a different list of metals; no changes are proposed to these lists.

   10. SM 3112 B-2011, metals, applicable to mercury, cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometric method.

   11. SM 3114 B-2011 and SM 3114 C-2011, total arsenic and total selenium, hydride generation/atomic absorption spectrometric methods. Both analyze total arsenic and total selenium.

   12. SM 3120 B-2011, metals, ICP method; no changes are proposed for the approved list of metals.

   13. SM 3125 B-2011, metals, ICP/MS method; no changes are proposed for the approved list of metals.

   14. SM 3500-Al B-2011, aluminum, colorimetric method.

   15. SM 3500-As B-2011, arsenic, colorimetric method (SDDC).

   16. SM 3500-Ca B-2011, calcium, titrimetric method (EDTA).

   17. SM 3500-Cr B-2011 and SM 3500-Cr C-2011, chromium, the ``B'' method uses a colorimetric method (diphenyl-carbazide) and is approved for total or dissolved chromium, the ``C'' method uses ion chromatography and is only approved for dissolved chromium.

   18. SM 3500-Cu B-2011 and SM 3500-Cu C-2011, copper, both method sections use colorimetric methods, the ``B'' method uses a neocuproine reagent and the ``C'' method uses a bathocuproine reagent.

   19. SM 3500-Fe B-2011, iron, colorimetric method (phenanthroline).

   20. SM 3500-K B-2011 and SM 3500-K C-2011, potassium, the ``B'' method is a flame photometric method and the ``C'' method is an electrode method.

   21. SM 3500-Mn B-2011, manganese, colorimetric method (persulfate).

   22. SM 3500-Na B-2011, sodium, flame photometric method.

   23. SM 3500-Pb B-2011, lead, colorimetric method (dithizone).

   24. SM 3500-V B-2011, vanadium, colorimetric method (gallic acid).

   25. SM 3500-Zn B-2011, zinc, colorimetric method (zincon).

   26. SM 4110 (B-D)-2011, anions, ion chromatography; no changes are proposed for the approved analyte list.

   27. SM 4140 B-2011, inorganic anions, capillary ion electrophoresis with indirect UV detection: No changes are proposed for the approved analyte list.

   28. SM 4500-B B-2011, boron, spectrophotometer or filter photometer (curcumin).

   29. SM 4500-Cl- (B-E)-2011, chloride, titrimetric: (silver nitrate), (mercuric nitrate), automated (ferricyanide), potentiometric titration

   30. SM 4500-Cl (B-G)-2011, chlorine (residual), amperometric direct, amperometric direct (low level), iodometric direct, back titration ether end-point, titrimetric: N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine with ferrous ammonium sulfate (DPD-FAS), spectrophotometric (DPD).

   31. SM 4500-CN- (B-G)-2011, cyanide, manual distillation with MgCl2 followed by: Titrimetric, spectrophotometric, manual, ion selective electrode, cyanide amenable to chlorination (CATC); manual distillation with MgCl2, followed by: Titrimetric or spectrophotometric.

   32. SM 4500-F- (B-E)-2011, fluoride, manual distillation, followed by any of the following: Electrode, manual, colorimetric, fluoride dye reagent (SPADNS is the common name for the fluoride dye reagent which is a mixture of chemicals), automated complexone.

   33. SM 4500-H\+\ B-2011, hydrogen ion (pH), electrometric measurement.

   34. SM 4500-NH3 (B-H)-2011, ammonia (as nitrogen), manual distillation or gas diffusion (pH > 11), followed by any of the following: Titration, electrode, manual phenate, salicylate, or other substituted phenols in Berthelot reaction based methods; automated phenate, salicylate, or other substituted phenols in Berthelot reaction based methods.

   35. SM 4500-NO2- B-2011, nitrite (as nitrogen), spectrophotometric: Manual.

   36. SM 4500-NO3- D-2011, nitrate (as nitrogen), ion selective electrode.

   37. SM 4500-NO3- (E,F, H)-2011, nitrate-

   nitrite (as nitrogen), colorimetric: Cadmium reduction-manual and automated, and colorimetric: Automated hydrazine.

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   38. SM 4500-NO3- (E,F)-2011, nitrite (as nitrogen), colorimetric: Cadmium reduction-manual and automated.

   39. SM 4500-Norg (B-D)-2011, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as nitrogen, organic), semi-automated block digester colorimetric (distillation not required).

   40. SM 4500-O (B-G), oxygen (dissolved), Winkler (azide modification), electrode.

   41. SM 4500-P (B (5), E-H)-2011, phosphorus and ortho-phosphate, persulfate digestion, digestion, followed by any of the following: Manual or automated ascorbic acid reduction. The ``B Part 5'' method is the persulfate digestion procedure and is required prior to measurement of total phosphorus using SM 4500 P (E-H). The ``E'' through ``G'' methods are approved for both total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate. The ``H'' method is only approved for total phosphorous.

   42. SM 4500-S2- (B-D, F,G)-2011, sulfide, sample pretreatment, titrimetric (iodine) analysis, colorimetric (methylene blue), ion selective electrode.

   43. SM 4500-SiO2 (C,E,F)-2011, silica, 0.45-micron filtration followed by any of the following: Colorimetric, manual or automated (Molybdosilicate).

   44. SM 4500-SO32- B-2011, sulfite, titrimetric (iodine-iodate).

   45. SM 4500-SO42- (C-G)-2011, sulfate, automated colorimetric, gravimetric, and turbidimetric.

   46. SM 5210 B-2011, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen depletion.

   47. SM 5220 (B-D)-2011, chemical oxygen demand (COD), titrimetric; spectrophotometric, manual or automatic.

   48. SM 5310 (B-D)-2011, total organic carbon (TOC), combustion, heated persulfate or UV persulfate oxidation.

   49. SM 5520 (B,F)-2011, oil and grease, hexane extractable material (HEM): n-hexane extraction and gravimetry, silica gel treated HEM (SGT-

   HEM): Silica gel treatment and gravimetry.

   50. SM 5530 (B,D)-2010, phenols, manual distillation, followed by colorimetric (4AAP) manual.

   51. SM 5540 C-2011, surfactants, colorimetric (methylene blue).

   The following changes would apply to Table IC at 40 CFR part 136:

   1. SM 6200 (B,C)-2011, volatile organic compounds, purge and trap capillary-column gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS), purge and trap capillary-column gas chromatographic (GC).

   2. SM 6440 B-2005, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

   The following changes would apply to Table ID at 40 CFR part 136:

   1. SM 6630 (B, C)-2007, organochlorine pesticides, gas chromatography (GC).

   2. SM 6640 B-2006, acidic herbicide compounds, gas chromatography (GC).

   EPA also proposes revisions to certain Standard Methods approved in Part 136 for which Standard Methods adopted updates that contain substantive changes. The following summarizes these changes for each method, organized by the table at 40 CFR part 136 in which they appear.

   The following changes would apply to Table IA and/or Table IH at 40 CFR part 136:

   1. EPA proposes that the membrane filtration method SM 9222 B-1997 be replaced with SM 9222 B-2006. This method analyzes Coliform (total) in the presence of chlorine. The newer method includes a number of technology updates that do not significantly change the procedure. In addition, the method:

   a. Modified the procedure to allow for the use of a humidified incubator if loose-lidded plates are used during incubation.

   b. Added a note that five typical and five atypical colonies per membrane need to be identified during coliform verification.

   c. Moved the definition of ``Coliform'' that was Section 4 of SM 9222, and renumbered the rest of the document, such that the ``Procedure'' is now Section 4, instead of Section 5. This is not a substantive change except that in Table IA, Parameter 4 ``Coliform (total), in presence of chlorine, number per 100 mL'' the citation for ``MF with enrichment'' would be changed from ``9222 (B+B.5c)-1997'' to ``9222 (B+B.4c)-2006.''

   2. EPA proposes that the membrane filtration method SM 9222 D-1997 be replaced with SM 9222 D-2006. This method analyzes Coliform (fecal) and Coliform (fecal) in the presence of chlorine. The new method allows use of a dry recirculating incubator as specified in the culture dishes section. In addition, EPA proposes to add the following footnote to Tables IA and IH regarding SM9222D-2006 for fecal coliform verification frequency: ``The verification frequency is at least five typical and five atypical colonies per sampling site on the day of sample collection & analysis.'' SM 9222 D-2006 specifies that the fecal coliform colonies should be verified ``at a frequency established by the laboratory,'' which can be as low as zero. Colonies need be verified to prevent misidentification of results as false positive or false negative.

   3. EPA proposes that the membrane filtration method SM 9222 G-1997 be replaced with SM 9222 G-2006 in Table IH. These methods analyze for E. coli and Fecal Coliforms. The newer method includes a number of technology updates that do not significantly change the procedure. In addition, the method now has a modified composition of EC broth to include different quantities of KH2PO4 and 4-

   methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide.

   The following changes would apply to Table IB at 40 CFR part 136:

   EPA proposes SM 2120 F-2011 be added to Table IB for Color. EPA previously approved it as SM 2120 E-1993. It is also similar to the currently approved National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. method that uses American Dye Manufacturers Institute weighted-

   ordinate spectrophotometric parameters.

   1. EPA proposes that SM 3113 B-2004, a metals atomic absorption furnace method, be replaced with the revised version SM 3113 B-2010. The only substantive change would be a reduction in the required replicate analyses of each calibration standard from three to two. Similar EPA methods do not require replicates of each calibration standard.

   Finally, Standard Methods requested that EPA propose SM 6810 for the analysis of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water. EPA does not propose to add this method because no supporting data were received by the deadline to demonstrate that the method had undergone full inter-laboratory validation.

4. Changes to 40 CFR 136.3 to Include New Versions of Approved ASTM Methods

   EPA proposes to approve new versions of currently approved ASTM methods, for the same reasons outlined in the first paragraph of Section IV.B above. Many of the changes EPA proposes to ASTM Methods approved in 40 CFR part 136 do not contain any substantive changes. The following describes the proposed changes related to ASTM Methods in 40 CFR part 136. Each entry contains (in the following order): proposed ASTM method number and date, the parameter, a brief description of the analytical technique, and a brief description of any substantive changes in this revision from the last approved version of the method. The methods listed below are organized according to the table at 40 CFR part 136 in which they appear.

   The following changes would apply to Table IB at 40 CFR part 136:

   Page 8961

   1. ASTM D 511-09 (A, B), calcium and magnesium, titrimetric (EDTA), AA direct aspiration; the modified method includes less specific calibration requirements for the part A titrimetric method than the previous version. However, the revised requirements are still more comprehensive than other approved methods. Therefore, EPA considers this revised method has adequate calibration criteria.

   2. ASTM D 516-11, sulfate ion, turbidimetric, no substantive changes.

   3. ASTM D 858-12 (A-C), manganese, atomic absorption (AA) direct aspiration, AA furnace; the modified method allows for pH adjustments in the laboratory, if the sample is returned within 14 days following sampling. The modified method also allows the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and quality control procedures now require the lab to analyze a continuing calibration blank and continuing calibration verification at a frequency of 10%.

   4. ASTM D 859-10, silica, colorimetric, manual; the modified method allows the use of direct reading spectrophotometer or filter photometer, which is common for most approved colorimetric methods.

   5. ASTM D 1067-11, acidity or alkalinity, electrometric endpoint or phenolphthalein endpoint; electrometric or colorimetric titration to pH 4.5, manual; no substantive changes

   6. ASTM D 1068-10 (A-C), iron, AA direct aspiration; AA furnace; Colorimetric (Phenanthroline); EPA originally approved Parts A-D, but ASTM discontinued Part B. EPA proposes that Parts C and D in the existing 40 CFR part 136 Table 1B, be shifted to Parts B and C to account for the discontinued Part B. Additionally, ASTM increased the frequency of quality control parameters for Test Method A--Atomic Absorption. The method now includes a method blank, a matrix spike sample and a control sample with every ten samples.

   7. ASTM D 1126-12, hardness, titrimetric (EDTA); no substantive changes.

   8. ASTM D 1179-10, fluoride ion, electrode, manual; colorimetric, (SPADNS); The revision removed calculation, precision and bias, and quality control procedures (method blank, matrix spike, LCS) previously included for Test Method B-Ion Selective Electrode. The method replaces those requirements with a lab duplicate and a reference sample analysis. This is similar to EPA approved SM 4500-F- (C, D) currently in 40 CFR part 136. The revision also removed the silver sulfate reagent used to remove chloride from the sample, as it is no longer considered a major interference.

   9. ASTM D 1246-10, bromide ion, electrode; no substantive changes.

   10. ASTM D 1687-12 (A-C), chromium (total) and dissolved hexavalent chromium, colorimetric (diphenyl-carbazide); AA direct aspiration; AA furnace; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and now allows for pH adjustments in the laboratory if the sample is returned within 14 days following sampling.

   11. ASTM D 1688-12 (A-C), copper, AA direct aspiration, AA furnace; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and now allows for pH adjustments in the laboratory if the sample is returned within 14 days following sampling. ASTM also requires analysis of a continuing calibration blank and continuing calibration verification at a 10% frequency.

   12. ASTM D 1691-12 (A, B), zinc, AA direct aspiration; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and now allows for pH adjustments in the laboratory if the sample is returned within 14 days following sampling.

   13. ASTM D 1976-12, dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements, inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/

   AES); ASTM modified the method to allow block digestion systems for trace metal analysis.

   14. ASTM D 3223-12, total mercury, cold vapor, manual; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and requires analysis of a continuing calibration blank and continuing calibration verification at a 10% frequency.

   15. ASTM D 3373-12, vanadium, AA furnace; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and requires analysis of a continuing calibration blank and continuing calibration verification at a 10% frequency. ASTM now allows for pH adjustments in the laboratory if the sample is returned within 14 days following sampling.

   16. ASTM D 3557-12 (A-D), cadmium, AA direct aspiration, AA furnace, Voltammetry; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and requires analysis of a continuing calibration blank and continuing calibration verification at a 10% frequency. ASTM now allows for pH adjustments in the laboratory if the sample is returned within 14 days following sampling.

   17. ASTM D 3590-11 (A, B), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, manual digestion and distillation or gas diffusion; semi-automated block digester colorimetric (distillation not required); ASTM revised the preservation method to allow storing samples at 2-6 degC, instead of the previous 4 degC. The method includes OI Analytical Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) performance data using an alternative copper sulfate catalyst in place of mercury (note: ``OI Analytical'' is a company name, not an acronym).

   18. ASTM D 4382-12, barium, AA furnace; ASTM modified the method to allow the use of block digestion systems for trace metal analysis, and requires analysis of a continuing calibration blank and continuing calibration verification at a 10% frequency.

   19. ASTM D 4658-09, sulfide ion, ion selective electrode; no substantive changes.

   20. ASTM D 5257-11, dissolved hexavalent chromium, ion chromatography; ASTM recommends buffering samples containing very high levels of anionic species to a pH of 9-9.5, then filtering the sample and storing it at 2 followed by flow injection, gas diffusion amperometry; ASTM modified the method to include the use of a collector tube of the micro distillation apparatus with 1.5 ml of 1.0 M NaOH, and included information regarding the use of this collector tube in the procedure. ASTM also added information regarding the precision and bias associated with this method based on an interlaboratory study.

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   25. ASTM D 7511-12, total cyanide, segmented flow injection, in-

   line ultraviolet digestion, followed by gas diffusion amperometry; no substantive changes.

   The following changes would apply to Table IC at 40 CFR part 136:

   1. ASTM D 7065-11, nonylphenol, bisphenol A, p-tert-octylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, nonylphenol diethoxylate, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); no substantive changes.

5. Changes to 40 CFR 136.3 To Include New United States Geological Survey (USGS) Methods

   1. EPA proposes to add the USGS Methods I-2547-11 and I-2548-11 titled ``Colorimetric Determination of Nitrate Plus Nitrite in Water by Enzymatic Reduction, Automated Discrete Analyzer Methods,'' to Table IB for the analytes nitrate, nitrite, and combined nitrate-nitrite. Method I-2548-11 is a low level (analytical range) version of Method I-2547-

   11. They are both included in the same method title. The method can be found in USGS Survey Techniques and Methods, Book 5, Chapter B8. The method is available for free from the USGS Web site. This method follows the same procedure as in ATP Case No. N07-0003--Nitrate Elimination Company Inc.'s (NECi) Method N07-0003, Revision 9.0, March 2014, ``Method for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis,'' which EPA also proposes to approve. Additional details on the ATP study and multi-laboratory validation can be found in Section E.1 below.

6. Changes to 40 CFR 136.3 to Include ATPs

   To promote method innovation, EPA maintains a program that allows method developers to apply for EPA review of an alternative method to an existing approved method and potentially for EPA approval of that ATP. This ATP program is described for CWA applications at 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5. EPA proposes for nationwide use six alternate test procedures. Based on EPA's review, the performance of these ATPs is equally effective as other methods already approved for measurement. These proposed new methods include: NECi Method N07-0003, ``Method for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis;'' Timberline Instruments, LLC Method Ammonia-001, ``Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Conductivity Cell Analysis;'' IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Colilertsupreg-18, ``Coliform/E. coli Enzyme Substrate Test for fecal coliforms in Wastewater;'' NCASI Method TNTP-

   W10900, ``Total (Kjeldahl) Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Pulp and Paper Biologically Treated Effluent by Alkaline Persulfate Digestion;'' Hach Company Method 10242, ``Simplified Spectrophotometric Measurement of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water and Wastewater;'' and Hach Company Method 10206, ``Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nitrate in Water and Wastewater.'' Descriptions of these new methods included for approval are as follows:

   1. The Nitrate Elimination Company Inc. (NECi) Method N07-0003, ``Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis,'' Revision 9.0, dated March 2014 (The Nitrate Elimination Company, Inc 2014a). The analysis measures nitrate, nitrite, and combined nitrate-nitrite. NECi Method N07-0003 is a ``green'' alternative to the other approved methods which use cadmium, a known carcinogen for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite prior to analyses. NECi Method N07-003 uses automated discreet analysis and spectrophotometry to determine concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, combined or separately in wastewater. The method involves the following steps:

   Enzymatic reduction of nitrate in a sample to nitrite using eukaryotic nitrate reductase;

   Diazotizing the nitrite originally in the sample plus the reduced nitrate with sulfanilamide followed by coupling with N-(1-

   napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride under acidic conditions to form a highly colored azo dye;

   Colorimetric determination in which the absorbance of color at 546 nm is directly proportional to the concentration of the nitrite plus the reduced nitrate in the sample;

   Measurement of nitrite separately, if needed, by analysis of the sample while eliminating the reduction step;

   Subtraction of the nitrite value from that of the combined nitrate-nitrite value to measure nitrate separately if needed.

   NECi Method N07-0003 can be obtained from The Nitrate Elimination Company, 334 Hecla Street, Lake Linden, Michigan, 49945. Telephone: 906-370-1130.

   2. Timberline Instruments, LLC Method Ammonia-001, ``Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Conductivity Cell Analysis,'' dated June 24, 2011 (Timberline Instruments, LLC 2011a). Timberline Ammonia-001 is an automated method that uses a gas permeation cell and a conductivity detector to determine concentrations of ammonia in wastewater. The method involves the following steps:

   An aqueous sample is combined with sodium hydroxide to a pH above 11 producing ammonia in a non-ionized form in solution.

   This solution is conveyed to a membrane assembly and the gaseous ammonia in the aqueous sample migrates through the hydrophobic membrane into a borate buffer absorption solution, which is then transported to a conductivity cell.

   The measured changes in conductivity are used to quantitate ammonia in the sample using an external calibration.

   Timberline Instruments, LLC Method Ammonia-001 can be obtained from Timberline Instruments, LLC, 1880 South Flatiron Court, Boulder, Colorado 80301. Telephone: 303-440-8779.

   3. IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Colilertsupreg-18, ``Coliform/E. coli Enzyme Substrate Test for fecal coliforms in Wastewater'' (ATP Case No. N09-0004). The method is identical to the already approved E. coli Colilertsupreg-18 method, with one exception. The current method was designed for total coliforms and E. coli, at an incubation temperature of 35 0.5degC for these organisms. The addendum to the IDEXX Colilertsupreg-18 method allows for incubation at 44.5 0.2degC for fecal coliforms.

   The Colilertsupreg-18 Coliform/E. coli Enzyme Substrate Test can be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092, Telephone: 1-800-321-0707.

   4. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. (NCASI) Method TNTP-W10900, ``Total (Kjeldahl) Nitrogen (TKN) and Total Phosphorus in Pulp and Paper Biologically Treated Effluent by Alkaline Persulfate Digestion,'' dated June 2011 (National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. 2011a). Unlike the other ATPs in the proposed rule, this method is for measurements in pulp, paper and paperboard mill biologically treated effluent only. NCASI Method TNTP-W10900 uses an alkaline persulfate digestion procedure to convert inorganic and organic nitrogen containing compounds to nitrate and inorganic and organic phosphorus containing compounds to orthophosphate which are then measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration of total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus in a sample.

   The method involves the following steps:

   Oxidation of the inorganic and organic nitrogen containing compounds to nitrate and the inorganic and organic

   Page 8963

   forms of phosphorus to orthophosphate by heating acidified, unfiltered samples in the presence of persulfate (a strong oxidizer) at 120degC and 15 psi positive pressure for 30 minutes.

   Analysis of the digestate for measurement of nitrate and orthophosphate using the approved colorimetric procedures.

   NCASI Method TNTP-W10900 can be obtained from The National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., Publications Coordinator, P.O. Box 13318, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3318, Telephone: 919-941-

   6400.

   5. Hach Company Method 10242, ``Simplified Spectrophotometric Measurement of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water and Wastewater,'' Revision 1.1, dated January 10, 2013 (Hach Company 2013a). Hach Company Method 10242 is a simplified green chemistry alternative to the other approved methods for measuring TKN. The method uses less toxic reagents (e.g., eliminating the use of mercuric sulfate). Hach Company Method 10242 uses a spectrophotometer to measure the concentration of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in a sample.

   The method involves the following steps:

   Oxidation of the inorganic and organic nitrogen containing compounds to nitrate by digestion with peroxodisulfate;

   Reaction of nitrate with 2,6-dimethylphenol in a solution of sulfuric and phosphoric acid to form nitrodimethylphenol;

   Spectrophotometric measurement of the nitrodimethylphenol in which the absorbance of color at 345 nm is directly proportional to the concentration of total nitrogen in the sample;

   Measurement of oxidized forms of nitrogen (nitrite + nitrate) in the original sample in a second test vial;

   Subtraction of the concentration of the oxidized forms of nitrogen from the total nitrogen concentration resulting in the concentration of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the sample.

   Hach Company Method 10242 can be obtained from Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, Loveland, CO 80539. Telephone: 970-669-3050.

   6. Hach Company Method 10206, ``Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nitrate in Water and Wastewater,'' Revision 2.1, dated January 10, 2013 (Hach Company 2013b). Hach Company Method 1206 is a ``green'' alternative to the other approved methods which use cadmium, a known carcinogen for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite prior to analyses. Hach Company Method 10206 uses a spectrophotometer to measure the concentration of nitrate or combined nitrate-nitrite in a sample.

   The method involves the following steps:

   Reaction of nitrate with 2,6-dimethylphenol in a solution of sulfuric and phosphoric acid to form nitrodimethylphenol;

   Spectrophotometric measurement of the nitrodimethylphenol in which the absorbance of color at 345 nm is directly proportional to the concentration of nitrate or, if the sample has been preserved with sulfuric acid, combined nitrate-nitrite in the sample.

   Hach Company Method 10206 can be obtained from Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, Loveland, CO 80539. Telephone: 970-669-3050.

7. Changes to 40 CFR part 136 to Align With 40 CFR part 122

   The procedures approved in 40 CFR part 136 are often required as part of an application for a NPDES Permit NPDES, for reports required to be submitted under NPDES permits and/or for other requests for quantitative or qualitative effluent data under 40 CFR parts 122 and 125. EPA is clarifying the language in 40 CFR 136.1, 136.2, and 136.3 so that the term ``Director'' as used in 40 CFR part 136 parallels that in 40 CFR part 122. These sections use the terms ``Administrator'' and ``State having an authorized program'' and define these terms in 136.3. EPA proposes to revise these provisions to substitute the single term ``Director'' and define ``Director'' in section 40 CFR 136.3(d) by cross-reference to the definition of ``Director'' in the NPDES regulations at section 40 CFR 122.2.

   EPA recently revised 40 CFR part 122 to include a definition of ``sufficiently sensitive.'' The term is used to describe what approved methods are adequate for NPDES permits. 40 CFR part 136.6(a)(2) uses the same term ``sufficiently sensitive'' in a different context to describe how sensitive a modified method should be compared to the original method. 40 CFR 136.6(a)(2) currently states that the modified method must be sufficiently sensitive and meet or exceed performance of the approved method(s) for the analyte(s) of interest, as documented by meeting the initial and ongoing quality control requirements in the method.

   EPA proposes to delete the words ``be sufficiently sensitive and'' from 40 CFR 136.6(a)(2) to eliminate unnecessary confusion. It will not change the requirements of 40 CFR 136.6(a)(2). If a method modification meets or exceeds the performance of the approved method, this includes sensitivity.

8. Corrections to 40 CFR Part 136

   These changes consist of typographical errors, updates that went unnoticed during the last update to 40 CFR part 136 to methods from VCSBs, and technology updates to toxicity methods.

   1. EPA proposes to make a number of clarifications and corrections to its Whole Effluent Toxicity acute and chronic methods manuals (Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-012, October 2002; Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, EPA/821/R-02/

   013, October 2002; and Methods for Measuring the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine and Estuarine Organisms, EPA/

   821/R-02/014, October 2002) listed in Table IA. Clarifications include testing all concentrations rather than only high and low concentrations, definition of terms (e.g., the acronym YCT--yeast, cereal leaves, and trout chow, is not defined), consistency corrections among the three manuals, notation that Cusum figure axes should be log scale, pH and temperature measurements should be done at the beginning of the test (rather than only at the end of the test), etc. Corrections also include deletion of unavailable products, typographical errors, etc.

   2. EPA proposes to change the Standard Method listed for E. coli most probable number (MPN) in Tables IA and IH. During a previous revision, Standard Methods added sampling as section 9221B.1. As a result, section 9221B.1 in previously approved versions has become section 9221B.2. EPA proposes to change SM 9221B.1 to 9221B.2 in Tables IA and IH for E. coli MPN. The related footnotes in Tables IA and IH (12, 14 and 11, 13, respectively) are accurate and EPA does not propose to change them.

   3. EPA proposes to change Table IA for Enterococci. EPA proposes to reinstate a line for Enterococci that was erroneously deleted in the 2012 Methods Update Rule. The line ``MPN, multiple tube'' with Standard Method 9230B-2007 should be added.

   4. EPA proposes to change one of the Table IB hardness entries that currently states ``Ca plus Mg as their carbonates, by inductively coupled plasma or AA direct aspiration. (See Parameters 13 and 33).'' EPA proposes to revise the entry to ``Ca plus Mg as their carbonates, by any approved method for Ca and Mg (See Parameters 13 and 33), provided

   Page 8964

   that the sum of the lowest point of quantitation for Ca and Mg is below the NPDES permit requirement for Hardness.'' The rationale behind this change is that if one calcium and magnesium method approved by EPA can be used to calculate hardness, then other approved EPA methods should also be permitted to do so.

   5. EPA proposes to edit Table IB, footnote 24. EPA proposes to delete ``p 14'' from the footnote because the method is not on that page.

   6. EPA proposes to delete Method 200.5, in Table IB from the cobalt, molybdenum and thallium entries. These analytes have not undergone formal testing by this method, and this method should not have been approved for these analytes.

   7. EPA proposes to remove the reference to costs in 40 CFR 136.3 because costs are not included in the referenced documents.

   8. EPA proposes to remove the first instance of ``are'' in 40 CFR 136.3(e) because it is an error.

   I. Changes to Table II at 40 CFR 136.3(e) to Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times

   EPA proposes revisions to Table II at 40 CFR 136.3(e) to amend some of the current requirements.

   1. EPA proposes to add rows to Table II that specify holding times for total/fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci in Table IH. Currently these bacterial tests are unspecified. EPA proposes the same holding time requirements as the other bacterial tests.

   2. EPA proposes to change the sodium thiosulfate concentrations in Table II for bacterial tests from 0.0008% sodium thiosulfate to 0.008%. EPA proposed this change in its last update to 40 CFR part 136 (75 FR 58066-58067), but inadvertently omitted it in the publication of the final rule.

   3. EPA proposes to re-insert language that was accidentally deleted from footnote 5 of Table II during the last update to 40 CFR part 136. Footnote 5 currently reads ``ASTM D7365-09a specifies treatment options for samples containing oxidants (e.g., chlorine). Also, Section 9060A of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th and 21st editions) addresses dechlorination procedures.'' EPA proposes to revise the footnote to read ``ASTM D7365-09a specifies treatment options for samples containing oxidants (e.g., chlorine) for cyanide analysis. Also, Section 9060A of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th and 21st editions) addresses dechlorination procedures for microbiological analyses.'' The footnote needs to specify that treatment options for samples containing oxidants is specifically for cyanide analysis, and that the dechlorination procedures are specifically for microbiological analyses.

   4. EPA seeks comment on how to approve variances to sample preservation, containers or holding times listed in Table II for specific dischargers. Before the 2012 Final Method Update Rule (FR 77: 29758), the regulation required parties requesting a variance from Table II for specific dischargers to send the request to the appropriate EPA regional office for review, and then for the regional office to send the request to the National ATP Coordinator at EPA Headquarters for review and recommendation. Following receipt of such recommendation, the regional office could approve a variance. In the 2012 Final Method Update Rule, EPA changed the requirement so that either the Regional ATP Coordinator or the permitting authority could approve an exception to Table II for specific dischargers. The primary rationale for this change, as stated in the preamble of the 2010 Proposed Method Update Rule (FR 76: 77742) was: ``EPA is revising the text at 136.3(e) to allow a party to explain, without a cumbersome waiver process, to their permitting or other authority their basis for an alternative approach.'' Giving this authority to either the Regional ATP Coordinator or the permitting authority speeds up the approval process. Also, the permitting authority is more likely to know about special circumstances surrounding the local dischargers (e.g., unusual discharge matrices, remote locations, etc.).

   This change in the approval process resulted in the following potential complications and EPA is interested in public comment on them. First, it created a parallel authority to approve variances to Table II for specific dischargers. A discharger could make a request to both the Regional ATP Coordinator and the permitting authority, receive contradictory answers, and then choose the answer that the discharger prefers. Second, when there are different authorities approving a Table II variance for specific dischargers, there is potential for the data and documentation required by one authority to differ significantly from that required by the other authority.

   EPA seeks comment on potential paths forward that would eliminate these concerns, while streamlining the process so that approval can be granted within the EPA region or by the state permitting authority. One possibility is for the permitting authority and the Regional ATP Coordinator to approve Table II variances for specific dischargers collaboratively. The permitting authority could provide the initial review and approval, and then approved requests could be sent to the Regional ATP Coordinator for final review and approval. Both organizations would need to agree for specific dischargers to be allowed Table II variances. Another option is to give the Regional ATP Coordinator exclusive rights to approve Table II variances for specific dischargers. Another option is to give the permitting authority exclusive rights to approve Table II variances. Other options are also possible, such as leaving 40 CFR 136.3(e) unchanged.

   EPA also seeks comment on what data should be submitted to support a request for a Table II variance for a specific discharger. 40 CFR 136.3(e) requires that data be included with any request to modify Table II requirements for a specific discharger. The data would need to prove that the variance does not compromise the analytical results.

10. Clarifications/Corrections to ATP Procedures in 40 CFR 136.4, 136.5 and Allowed Modifications in 136.6

    40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5 describe EPA procedures for obtaining approval to use an alternate test procedures either on a national basis, or for limited use by dischargers or facilities specified in the approval. In the 2012 Method Update Rule, EPA made several clarifying changes to the language of these sections. At the same time, however, in many places in 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5 where the phrase ``Regional Alternate Test Procedures Coordinator'' or ``Regional ATP Coordinator'' appears, EPA inadvertently also inserted the phrase ``or permitting authority'' following the phrase. This error resulted from the use of the ``search and replace'' function on the computer. The effect of the change was to inadvertently authorize State permitting authorities to approve ATPs for limited use within the State. EPA never intended this result as is demonstrated by two facts. First, in its proposal for the 2012 Update, EPA did not propose to authorize State NPDES permitting authorities to approve limited use ATPs. Second, the rule states that the approval may be restricted to specific dischargers or facilities, or to all dischargers or facilities ``specified in the approval for the Region.'' (emphasis added). This language evidences EPA's intent that the Region--not the state--would be

    Page 8965

    authorized to issue any such limited use ATP approval. Finally, as further evidence of EPA's intent, in several places, the text of the rule makes more sense if read to authorize only the Regional ATP Coordinator, and not the State permitting authority, to approve limited use ATPs. For example, 40 CFR 136.5(d)(1) provides that after a review of the application by the Alternate Test Procedure Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority, the Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority notifies the applicant and the appropriate State agency of approval or rejection of the use of the alternate test procedure.

    As currently written, if the State is acting on a request for approval, the regulation would require the State to inform itself of its own action in approving or rejecting the ATP, a somewhat superfluous requirement.

    Consequently, EPA proposes to delete all instances of ``or permitting authority'' from 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5 to correct this error and revise the rule text to its original intent. Based on this revision, EPA and EPA alone would have the authority to approve limited use ATPs.

    EPA also proposes changes to 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5 to clarify the process for nationwide approval and the Regional ATP Coordinator's role in limited use ATP approvals. These changes do not significantly change the process, the intent is to make wording simpler and clearer.

    Finally, EPA proposes to add language to 40 CFR 136.6(b)(1) to clarify that if a method user is uncertain whether or not a modification is allowed under 40 CFR 136.6, the user should contact either its Director or EPA Regional ATP Coordinator.

11. Changes to Appendix B to 40 CFR part 136--Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the MDL

    EPA proposes revisions to the procedure for determination of the MDL primarily to address laboratory blank contamination and to better account for intra-laboratory variability. EPA's consideration of revisions to the MDL procedure for this rulemaking is specific to these revisions, and other changes to the procedure are outside the scope of this action. The proposed changes originated from The National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference Institute and also reflect review by EPA, states, and commercial laboratories. The proposed revisions address the following issues and would add new requirements.

    Background contamination: laboratories would be required to evaluate the MDL to account for background levels of contamination. As laboratory methods become more and more sensitive, background levels of contamination are more likely to contribute to the result. This modification would reduce false positive detects.

    MDLs that represent multiple instruments: if a laboratory uses MDL values that represent multiple instruments, then the laboratory would be required to calculate the MDL using spiked samples and blank samples from all of these instruments. Currently, laboratories can run all of their MDL samples on the most sensitive instrument, and then use that MDL for other instruments. This modification will make the MDL more representative of the laboratory's actual capability.

    Ongoing MDL quarterly verification: laboratories would be required to check their MDL values once a quarter. Currently, laboratories can run MDL samples once a year under the most ideal circumstances (e.g., immediately after the instrument has been serviced or after an annual maintenance routine). Quarterly evaluation will determine if the detection limit has significantly drifted during the year. Laboratories would be exempt from running these samples for a method during quarters when no samples are run using that method.

    EPA requests comment on whether it should adopt these proposed changes, in part, or in whole.

    V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

1. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

   This rule is not a significant regulatory action and was therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget for review.

2. Paperwork Reduction Act

   This action does not impose an information collection burden under the PRA. This rule does not impose any information collection, reporting, or recordkeeping requirements. This proposal would merely add or revise CWA test procedures.

3. Regulatory Flexibility Act

   I certify that this action would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. This action will not impose any requirements on small entities. This action would approve new and revised versions of CWA testing procedures. Generally, these changes would have a positive impact on small entities by increasing method flexibility, thereby allowing entities to reduce costs by choosing more cost-effective methods. In general, EPA expects the proposed revisions would lead to few, if any, increased costs. As explained previously, most of the proposed changes clarify procedures for EPA approval of ATPs, clarify or improve the instructions in the method, update the technology used in the method, improve the QC instructions, make editorial corrections, or reflect the most recent approval year of an already approved method. In some cases, the proposal would add alternatives to currently approved methods for a particular analyte (e.g. Method N07-0003 for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-

   Nitrogen Analysis). Because these methods would be alternatives rather than requirements, there are no direct costs associated with their proposal. EPA proposes methods that would be incorporated by reference. If a permittee elected to use these methods, they could incur a small cost associated with obtaining these methods. See Section IV.B. Finally, the proposed changes to the MDL procedure would lead to limited increased costs. In the vast majority of cases, laboratories already collect samples that could be used in the revised procedure and/or would simply adjust the time period of collection. The total number of MDL samples run annually would only increase to any appreciable extent for laboratories that own many instruments. EPA has not estimated costs for these cases, because such costs, if incurred, would be negligible in comparison to overall laboratory expenditures.

4. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

   This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments or the private sector.

5. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

   This proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

   Page 8966

6. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments

   This proposed rule does not have tribal implications as specified in Executive Order 13175. This rule would merely approve new and revised versions of test procedures. EPA does not expect the proposal would lead to any costs to any tribal governments, and if incurred, projects they would be minimal. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.

7. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks

   EPA interprets EO 13045 as applying only to those regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental health risk or safety risk.

8. Executive Order 13211: Actions that Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

   This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

   I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995

   This action involved technical standards. The EPA proposes to approve the use of technical standards developed and recommended by the Standard Methods Committee and ASTM International for use in compliance monitoring where EPA determined that those standards meet the needs of CWA programs. As explained in Section IV.C, EPA does not propose to add one SM method because it did not receive data to demonstrate that the method had undergone full inter-laboratory validation. EPA proposes all other methods recommended by VCSBs in advance of the proposed rule.

10. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes the human health or environmental risk addressed by this action will not have potential disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority, low-income or indigenous populations.

    List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 136

    Environmental protection, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Test procedures, Water pollution control.

    Dated: February 5, 2015.

    Gina McCarthy,

    Administrator.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as follows:

    PART 136--GUIDELINES ESTABLISHING TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANTS

    0

    1. The authority citation for part 136 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 301, 304(h), 307 and 501(a), Pub. L. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566, et seq.

    (33 U.S.C. 1251, et seq.) (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977).

    0

    2. Section 136.1 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

    Sec. 136.1 Applicability.

    (a) The procedures prescribed herein shall, except as noted in Sec. Sec. 136.4, 136.5, and 136.6, be used to perform the measurements indicated whenever the waste constituent specified is required to be measured for:

    (1) An application submitted to the Director and/or reports required to be submitted under NPDES permits or other requests for quantitative or qualitative effluent data under parts 122 to 125 of this chapter; and

    (2) Reports required to be submitted by dischargers under the NPDES established by parts 124 and 125 of this chapter; and

    (3) Certifications issued by States pursuant to section 401 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended.

    * * * * *

    0

    3. Section 136.2 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

    Sec. 136.2 Definitions.

    * * * * *

    (d) Director means the director as defined in 40 CFR 122.2.

    * * * * *

    0

    4. In Sec. 136.3:

    0

    a. Revise paragraph (a) introductory text and tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IF, IG, and IH.

    0

    b. Revise paragraphs (b) introductory text, (b)(8)(iv), (b)(8)(v), (b)(8)(xiii), (b)(8)(xv), (b)(10)(viii), (b)(10)(x) through (lviii), (b)(10)(lxi) through (lxiii), (b)(10)(lxviii), (b)(15)(v), (b)(15)(viii) through (x), (b)(15)(xii), (b)(15)(xiii), (b)(15)(xv) through (xvii), (b)(15)(xxii) through (xxiv), (b)(15)(xxx), (b)(15)(xxxv), (b)(15)(xxxvii), (b)(15)(xxxix), (b)(15)(xlii), (b)(15)(l), (b)(15)(lii), (b)(15)(lv), (b)(15)(lviii), (b)(15)(lxi), (b)(15)(lxvi), and (b)(15)(lxviii).

    0

    c. Redesignate paragraphs (b)(19)(vii) and (viii) as paragraphs (b)(19)(ix) and (x), respectively.

    0

    d. Add paragraphs (b)(19)(vii) and (viii).

    0

    e. Revise paragraphs (b)(20)(i) through (iv).

    0

    f. Remove paragraph (b)(20)(v).

    0

    g. Revise paragraph (b)(25).

    0

    h. Redesignate paragraphs (b)(33) and (34) as paragraphs (b)(35) and (36), respectively, and redesignate paragraphs (b)(26) through (32) as paragraphs (b)(27) through (33), respectively.

    0

    i. Add paragraph (b)(26).

    0

    j. Add paragraph (b)(34).

    0

    k. Revise newly redesignated paragraph (b)(35).

    0

    l. Revise paragraph (c) and the table in paragraph (e).

    The revisions and additions read as follows:

    Sec. 136.3 Identification of test procedures.

    (a) Parameters or pollutants, for which methods are approved, are listed together with test procedure descriptions and references in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH of this section. The methods listed in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH are incorporated by reference, see paragraph (b) of this section, with the exception of EPA Methods 200.7, 601-613, 624.1, 625.1, 1613, 1624, and 1625. The full texts of Methods 601-613, 624.1, 625.1, 1613, 1624, and 1625 are printed in appendix A of this part, and the full text of Method 200.7 is printed in appendix C of this part. The full text for determining the method detection limit when using the test procedures is given in appendix B of this part. In the event of a conflict between the reporting requirements of 40 CFR parts 122 and 125 and any reporting requirements associated with the methods listed in these tables, the provisions of 40 CFR parts 122 and 125 are controlling and will determine a permittee's reporting requirements. The full text of the referenced test procedures are incorporated by reference into Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH. The date after the method number indicates the latest editorial change of the method. The discharge parameter values for which reports are required must be determined by one of the standard analytical test procedures incorporated by reference and described in Tables IA,

    Page 8967

    IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH or by any alternate test procedure which has been approved by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section and Sec. Sec. 136.4 and 136.5. Under certain circumstances paragraph (c) of this section, Sec. 136.5(a) through (d) or 40 CFR 401.13, other additional or alternate test procedures may be used.

    Table IA--List of Approved Biological Methods for Wastewater and Sewage Sludge

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Standard AOAC, ASTM,

    Parameter and units Method \1\ EPA methods USGS Other

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Bacteria:

    1. Coliform (fecal), number Most Probable p. 132 \3\1680 9221 C E-

    per 100 mL or number per gram Number (MPN), 5 11 15 1681 11 2006

    dry weight. tube, 3 20.

    dilution, or.

    Multiple tube/ ................ ......... .............. Colilert-18

    multiple well, supreg 13 18

    or. 29

    Membrane filter p. 124 \3\...... 9222 D- B-0050-85 \4\.

    (MF) \2\, single 2006

    step. \30\

    2. Coliform (fecal) in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 132 \3\...... 9221 C E-

    presence of chlorine, dilution, or. 2006

    number per 100 mL.

    MF \2\, single p. 124 \3\...... 9222 D-

    step \5\. 2006

    \30\

    3. Coliform (total), MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\...... 9221 B-

    number per 100 mL. dilution, or. 2006

    MF \2\, single p. 108 \3\...... 9222 B- B-0025-85 \4\.

    step or two step. 2006

    4. Coliform (total), in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\...... 9221 B-

    presence of chlorine, dilution, or. 2006

    number per 100 mL.

    MF \2\ with p. 111 \3\...... 9222 B-

    enrichment \5\. 2006

    5. E. coli, number per 100 MPN 6 8 16 ................ 9221B.2-2

    mL \21\. multiple tube, 006/

    or. 9221F-20

    06 12 14

    multiple tube/ ................ 9223 B- 991.15 \10\... Colilertsupreg

    multiple well, 2004 13 18 Colilert-

    or. \13\ 18supreg 13

    17 18

    MF 2 6 7 8 single 1603 \22\....... ......... .............. mColiBlue-24

    step. supreg \19\

    6. Fecal streptococci, MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 139 \3\...... 9230 B-

    number per 100 mL. dilution, or. 2007

    MF \2\, or....... p. 136 \3\...... 9230 C- B-0055-85 \4\.

    2007

    Plate count...... p. 143 \3\......

    7. Enterococci, number per MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 139 \3\...... 9230 B-

    100 mL \21\. dilution, or. 2007

    MPN 6 8, multiple ................ 9230 D- D6503-99 \9\.. Enterolert

    tube/multiple 2007 supreg 13 24

    well, or.

    MF 2 6 7 8 single 1600 \25\....... 9230 C-

    step or. 2007

    Plate count...... p. 143 \3\......

    8. Salmonella, number per MPN multiple tube 1682 \23\.......

    gram dry weight \11\.

    Aquatic Toxicity:

    9. Toxicity, acute, fresh Ceriodaphnia 2002.0 \26\.....

    water organisms, LC50, dubia acute.

    percent effluent.

    Daphnia puplex 2021.0 \26\.....

    and Daphnia

    magna acute.

    Fathead Minnow, 2000.0 \26\.....

    Pimephales

    promelas, and

    Bannerfin

    shiner,

    Cyprinella

    leedsi, acute.

    Rainbow Trout, 2019.0 \26\.....

    Oncorhynchus

    mykiss, and

    brook trout,

    Salvelinus

    fontinalis,

    acute.

    10. Toxicity, acute, Mysid, Mysidopsis 2007.0 \26\.....

    estuarine and marine bahia, acute.

    organisms of the Atlantic

    Ocean and Gulf of Mexico,

    LC50, percent effluent.

    Sheepshead 2004.0 \26\.....

    Minnow,

    Cyprinodon

    variegatus,

    acute.

    Page 8968

    Silverside, 2006.0 \26\.....

    Menidia

    beryllina,

    Menidia menidia,

    and Menidia

    peninsulae,

    acute.

    11. Toxicity, chronic, Fathead minnow, 1000.0 \27\.....

    fresh water organisms, Pimephales

    NOEC or IC25, percent promelas, larval

    effluent. survival and

    growth.

    Fathead minnow, 1001.0 \27\.....

    Pimephales

    promelas, embryo-

    larval survival

    and

    teratogenicity.

    Daphnia, 1002.0 \27\.....

    Ceriodaphnia

    dubia, survival

    and reproduction.

    Green alga, 1003.0 \27\.....

    Selenastrum

    capricornutum,

    growth.

    12. Toxicity, chronic, Sheepshead 1004.0 \28\.....

    estuarine and marine minnow,

    organisms of the Atlantic Cyprinodon

    Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, variegatus,

    NOEC or IC25, percent larval survival

    effluent. and growth.

    Sheepshead 1005.0 \28\.....

    minnow,

    Cyprinodon

    variegatus,

    embryo-larval

    survival and

    teratogenicity.

    Inland 1006.0 \28\.....

    silverside,

    Menidia

    beryllina,

    larval survival

    and growth.

    Mysid, Mysidopsis 1007.0 \28\.....

    bahia, survival,

    growth, and

    fecundity.

    Sea urchin, 1008.0 \28\.....

    Arbacia

    punctulata,

    fertilization.

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table IA notes:

    \1\ The method must be specified when results are reported.

    \2\ A 0.45-microm membrane filter (MF) or other pore size certified by the manufacturer to fully retain

    organisms to be cultivated and to be free of extractables which could interfere with their growth.

    \3\ Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water, and Wastes, EPA/600/8-78/017. 1978. US EPA.

    \4\ U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4,

    Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. USGS.

    \5\ Because the MF technique usually yields low and variable recovery from chlorinated wastewaters, the Most

    Probable Number method will be required to resolve any controversies.

    \6\ Tests must be conducted to provide organism enumeration (density). Select the appropriate configuration of

    tubes/filtrations and dilutions/volumes to account for the quality, character, consistency, and anticipated

    organism density of the water sample.

    \7\ When the MF method has been used previously to test waters with high turbidity, large numbers of noncoliform

    bacteria, or samples that may contain organisms stressed by chlorine, a parallel test should be conducted with

    a multiple-tube technique to demonstrate applicability and comparability of results.

    \8\ To assess the comparability of results obtained with individual methods, it is suggested that side-by-side

    tests be conducted across seasons of the year with the water samples routinely tested in accordance with the

    most current Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or EPA alternate test procedure

    (ATP) guidelines.

    \9\ Annual Book of ASTM Standards-Water and Environmental Technology, Section 11.02. 2000, 1999, 1996. ASTM

    International.

    \10\ Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th Edition, 4th Revision, 1998. AOAC International.

    \11\ Recommended for enumeration of target organism in sewage sludge.

    \12\ The multiple-tube fermentation test is used in 9221B.2-2006. Lactose broth may be used in lieu of lauryl

    tryptose broth (LTB), if at least 25 parallel tests are conducted between this broth and LTB using the water

    samples normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false-negative rate

    for total coliform using lactose broth is less than 10 percent. No requirement exists to run the completed

    phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive tubes on a seasonal basis.

    \13\ These tests are collectively known as defined enzyme substrate tests, where, for example, a substrate is

    used to detect the enzyme beta-glucuronidase produced by E. coli.

    \14\ After prior enrichment in a presumptive medium for total coliform using 9221B.2-2006, all presumptive tubes

    or bottles showing any amount of gas, growth or acidity within 48 h 3 h of incubation shall be

    submitted to 9221F-2006. Commercially available EC-MUG media or EC media supplemented in the laboratory with

    50 microg/mL of MUG may be used.

    \15\ Method 1680: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation Using Lauryl-

    Tryptose Broth (LTB) and EC Medium, EPA-821-R-14-009. September 2014. U.S. EPA.

    \16\ Samples shall be enumerated by the multiple-tube or multiple-well procedure. Using multiple-tube

    procedures, employ an appropriate tube and dilution configuration of the sample as needed and report the Most

    Probable Number (MPN). Samples tested with Colilertsupreg may be enumerated with the multiple-well

    procedures, Quanti-Traysupreg and the MPN calculated from the table provided by the manufacturer.

    \17\ Colilert-18supreg is an optimized formulation of the Colilertsupreg for the determination of total

    coliforms and E. coli that provides results within 18 h of incubation at 35degC rather than the 24 h

    required for the Colilertsupreg test and is recommended for marine water samples.

    \18\ Descriptions of the Colilertsupreg, Colilert-18supreg, and Quanti-Traysupreg may be obtained from

    IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.

    \19\ A description of the mColiBlue24supreg test, is available from Hach Company.

    \20\ Method 1681: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation using A-1 Medium,

    EPA-821-R-06-013. July 2006. U.S. EPA.

    \21\ Recommended for enumeration of target organism in wastewater effluent.

    Page 8969

    \22\ Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-

    Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (modified mTEC), EPA-821-R-14-010. September 2014. U.S. EPA.

    \23\ Method 1682: Salmonella in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV)

    Medium, EPA-821-R-14-012. July 2014. U.S. EPA.

    \24\ A description of the Enterolertsupreg test may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.

    \25\ Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-beta-D-

    Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-14-011. September 2014. U.S. EPA.

    \26\ Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine

    Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-012. Fifth Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA.

    \27\ Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater

    Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-013. Fourth Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA.

    \28\ Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine and

    Estuarine Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-014. Third Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA.

    \29\ Colilert-18supreg is an optimized formulation of the Colilertsupreg for the determination of total

    coliforms and E. coli that has been adapted to detect fecal coliforms. To use Colilert-18supreg to assay for

    fecal coliforms, the incubation temperature is 44.5 + 0.2degC. This test is recommended for wastewater

    samples.

    \30\ The verification frequency is at least five typical and five atypical colonies per sampling site on the day

    of sample collection and analysis.

    Table IB--List of Approved Inorganic Test Procedures

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Parameter Methodology \58\ EPA \52\ Standard methods ASTM USGS/AOAC/Other

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1. Acidity, as CaCO3, mg/L......... Electrometric endpoint ...................... 2310 B-2011.......... D1067-11............. I-1020-85. \2\

    or phenolphthalein

    endpoint.

    2. Alkalinity, as CaCO3, mg/L...... Electrometric or ...................... 2320 B-1997.......... D1067-11............. 973.43 \3\, I-1030-

    Colorimetric 85. \2\

    titration to pH 4.5,

    Manual.

    Automatic............. 310.2 (Rev. 1974) \1\. ..................... ..................... I-2030-85. \2\

    3. Aluminum--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011 or 3111 E- ..................... I-3051-85. \2\

    aspiration \36\. 2011.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010..........

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS................ 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14\3,\ I-4471-97.

    \50\

    Direct Current Plasma ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    (DCP) \36\.

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Al B-2011.......

    (Eriochrome cyanine

    R).

    4. Ammonia (as N), mg/L............ Manual distillation 350.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NH3 B-2011...... ..................... 973.49. \3\

    \6\ or gas diffusion

    (pH > 11), followed

    by any of the

    following:

    Nesslerization........ ...................... ..................... D1426-08 (A)......... 973.49 \3\, I-3520-

    85. \2\

    Titration............. ...................... 4500-NH3 C-2011......

    Electrode............. ...................... 4500-NH3 D-2011 or E- D1426-08 (B).........

    2011.

    Manual phenate, ...................... 4500-NH3 F-2011...... ..................... See footnote. \60\

    salicylate, or other

    substituted phenols

    in Berthelot reaction

    based methods.

    Automated phenate, 350.1 \30\, Rev. 2.0 4500-NH3 G-2011...... ..................... I-4523-85. \2\

    salicylate, or other (1993). 4500-NH3 H-2011......

    substituted phenols

    in Berthelot reaction

    based methods.

    Automated electrode... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \7\

    Ion Chromatography.... ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............

    Automated gas ...................... ..................... ..................... Timberline Ammonia-

    diffusion, followed 001 \74\

    by conductivity cell

    analysis.

    5. Antimony--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration \36\.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010..........

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    Page 8970

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    6. Arsenic-Total, \4\ mg/L......... Digestion \4\, 206.5 (Issued 1978)

    followed by any of \1\.

    the following:

    AA gaseous hydride. ...................... 3114 B-2011 or....... D2972-08 (B)......... I-3062-85. \2\

    3114 C-2011..........

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D2972-08 (C)......... I-4063-98. \49\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12.............

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    Colorimetric (SDDC) ...................... 3500-As B-2011....... D2972-08 (A)......... I-3060-85. \2\

    7. Barium-Total, \4\ mg/L.......... Digestion\4\, followed

    by any of the

    following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011.......... ..................... I-3084-85. \2\

    aspiration \36\.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D4382-12.............

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... ..................... I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14\3\, I-4471-97.

    \50\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    8. Beryllium--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011 or 3111 E- D3645-08 (A)......... I-3095-85. \2\

    aspiration. 2011.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D3645-08 (B).........

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Colorimetric ...................... See footnote. \61\

    (aluminon).

    9. Biochemical oxygen demand Dissolved Oxygen ...................... 5210 B-2011.......... ..................... 973.44 \3\, p. 17

    (BOD5), mg/L. Depletion. \9\, I-1578-78 \8\,

    See footnote. \10,

    63\

    10. Boron--Total, \37\ mg/L........ Colorimetric ...................... 4500-B B-2011........ ..................... I-3112-85. \2\

    (curcumin).

    ICP/AES............... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS................ 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP................... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    11. Bromide, mg/L.................. Electrode............. ...................... ..................... D1246-10............. I-1125-85. \2\

    Ion Chromatography.... 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011, C-2011, D4327-03............. 993.30. \3\

    and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0 D-2011.

    (1997).

    CIE/UV................ ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10, D6508, Rev.

    2 \54\.

    12. Cadmium--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    Page 8971

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... D3557-12 (A or B).... 974.27 \3\, p. 37

    aspiration \36\. or 3111 C-2011....... \9\, I-3135-85 \2\

    or I-3136-85. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D3557-12 (D)......... I-4138-89. \51\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-1472-85 \2\ or I-

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4 4471-97. \50\

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Voltametry \11\.... ...................... ..................... D3557-12 (C).........

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cd-D-1990.......

    (Dithizone).

    13. Calcium--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... D511-09(B)........... I-3152-85. \2\

    aspiration.

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... ..................... I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    Titrimetric (EDTA). ...................... 3500-Ca B-2011....... D511-09 (A)..........

    Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............

    14. Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen Dissolved Oxygen ...................... 5210 B-2011.......... ..................... See footnote. \35,

    demand (CBOD5), mg/L \12\. Depletion with 63\

    nitrification

    inhibitor.

    15. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Titrimetric........... 410.3 (Rev. 1978) \1\. 5220 B-2011.......... D1252-06 (A)......... 973.46 \3\, p. 17

    mg/L. or C-2011............ \9\, I-3560-85. \2\

    Spectrophotometric, 410.4, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 5220 D-2011.......... D1252-06 (B)......... See footnotes. \13,

    manual or automatic. 14\, I-3561-85. \2\

    16. Chloride, mg/L................. Titrimetric: (silver ...................... 4500-Cl - B-2011..... D512-04 (B).......... I-1183-85. \2\

    nitrate).

    (Mercuric nitrate). ...................... 4500-Cl - C-2011..... D512-04 (A).......... 973.51 \3\, I-1184-

    85. \2\

    Colorimetric: ...................... ..................... ..................... I-1187-85. \2\

    manual.

    Automated ...................... 4500-Cl - E-2011..... ..................... I-2187-85. \2\

    (ferricyanide).

    Potentiometric ...................... 4500-Cl - D-2011.....

    Titration.

    Ion Selective ...................... ..................... D512-04 (C)..........

    Electrode.

    Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or 4110 C- D4327-03............. 993.30 \3\, I-2057-

    and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0 2011. 90. \51\

    (1997).

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10, D6508, Rev.

    2 \54\.

    17. Chlorine--Total residual, mg/L. Amperometric direct... ...................... 4500-Cl D-2011....... D1253-08.............

    Amperometric direct ...................... 4500-Cl E-2011.......

    (low level).

    Iodometric direct.. ...................... 4500-Cl B-2011.......

    Back titration ...................... 4500-Cl C-2011.......

    ether end-point

    \15\.

    DPD-FAS............ ...................... 4500-Cl F-2011.......

    Spectrophotometric, ...................... 4500-Cl G-2011.......

    DPD.

    Electrode.......... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \16\

    17A. Chlorine-Free Available, mg/L. Amperometric direct... ...................... 4500-Cl D-2011....... D1253-08.............

    Amperometric direct ...................... 4500-Cl E-2011.......

    (low level).

    DPD-FAS............ ...................... 4500-Cl F-2011.......

    Spectrophotometric, ...................... 4500-Cl G-2011.......

    DPD.

    Page 8972

    18. Chromium VI dissolved, mg/L.... 0.45-micron filtration

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA chelation- ...................... 3111 C-2011.......... ..................... I-1232-85. \2\

    extraction.

    Ion Chromatography. 218.6, Rev. 3.3 (1994) 3500-Cr C-2011....... D5257-11............. 993.23.

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cr B-2011....... D1687-12 (A)......... I-1230-85. \2\

    (diphenyl-

    carbazide).

    19. Chromium--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... D1687-12 (B)......... 974.27 \3\, I-3236-

    aspiration \36\. 85. \2\

    AA chelation- ...................... 3111 C-2011..........

    extraction.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D1687-12 (C)......... I-3233-93. \46\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\, 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cr B-2011.......

    (diphenyl-

    carbazide).

    20. Cobalt--Total, \4\ mg/L........ Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or 3111 C- D3558-08 (A or B).... p. 37 \9\, I-3239-85.

    aspiration. 2011. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D3558-08 (C)......... I-4243-89. \51\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    21. Color, platinum cobalt units or Colorimetric (ADMI)... ...................... 2120 F-2011.......... ..................... See footnote. \18\

    dominant wavelength, hue,

    luminance purity.

    (Platinum cobalt) ...................... 2120 B-2011.......... ..................... I-1250-85. \2\

    Spectrophotometric.

    22. Copper--Total, \4\ mg/L........ Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or....... D1688-12 (A or B).... 974.27 \3\, p. 37

    aspiration \36\. 3111 C-2011.......... \9\, I-3270-85 \2\

    or I-3271-85. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D1688-12 (C)......... I-4274-89. \51\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cu B-2011.......

    (Neocuproine).

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cu C-2011....... ..................... See footnote. \19\

    (Bathocuproine).

    23. Cyanide--Total, mg/L........... Automated UV digestion/ ...................... ..................... ..................... Kelada-01. \55\

    distillation and

    Colorimetry.

    Page 8973

    Segmented Flow ...................... ..................... D7511-12.............

    Injection, In-Line

    Ultraviolet

    Digestion,

    followed by gas

    diffusion

    amperometry.

    Manual distillation 335.4, Rev. 1.0 (1993) 4500-CN - B-2011 and D2036-09(A), D7284-13 10-204-00-1-X. \56\

    with MgCl2, followed \57\. C-2011.

    by any of the

    following:

    Flow Injection, gas ...................... ..................... D2036-09(A) D7284-13.

    diffusion

    amperometry.

    Titrimetric........ ...................... 4500-CN - D-2011..... D2036-09(A).......... p. 22. \9\

    Spectrophotometric, ...................... 4500-CN - E-2011..... D2036-09(A).......... I-3300-85. \2\

    manual.

    Semi-Automated \20\ 335.4, Rev. 1.0 (1993) ..................... ..................... 10-204-00-1-X \56\, I-

    \57\. 4302-85. \2\

    Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D2036-09(A)..........

    Ion Selective ...................... 4500-CN - F-2011..... D2036-09(A)..........

    Electrode.

    24. Cyanide-Available, mg/L........ Cyanide Amenable to ...................... 4500-CN - G-2011..... D2036-09(B)..........

    Chlorination (CATC);

    Manual distillation

    with MgCl2, followed

    by Titrimetric or

    Spectrophotometric.

    Flow injection and ...................... ..................... D6888-09............. OIA-1677-09. \44\

    ligand exchange,

    followed by gas

    diffusion

    amperometry \59\.

    Automated ...................... ..................... ..................... Kelada-01. \55\

    Distillation and

    Colorimetry (no UV

    digestion).

    24.A Cyanide-Free, mg/L............ Flow Injection, ...................... ..................... D7237-10............. OIA-1677-09. \44\

    followed by gas

    diffusion amperometry.

    Manual micro- ...................... ..................... D4282-02.............

    diffusion and

    colorimetry.

    25. Fluoride--Total, mg/L.......... Manual distillation ...................... 4500-F - B-2011......

    \6\, followed by any

    of the following:

    Electrode, manual.. ...................... 4500-F - C-2011...... D1179-10 (B).........

    Electrode, ...................... ..................... ..................... I-4327-85. \2\

    automated.

    Colorimetric, ...................... 4500-F - D-2011...... D1179-10 (A).........

    (SPADNS).

    Automated ...................... 4500-F - E-2011......

    complexone.

    Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or C-2011 D4327-03............. 993.30. \3\

    and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0

    (1997).

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10, D6508, Rev.

    2 \54\.

    26. Gold--Total, \4\ mg/L.......... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 231.2 (Issued 1978) 3113 B-2010..........

    \1\.

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    27. Hardness--Total, as CaCO3, mg/L Automated colorimetric 130.1 (Issued 1971)

    \1\.

    Titrimetric (EDTA). ...................... 2340 C-2011.......... D1126-12............. 973.52B \3\, I-1338-

    85. \2\

    Page 8974

    Ca plus Mg as their ...................... 2340 B-2011..........

    carbonates, by any

    approved method

    for Ca and Mg (See

    Parameters 13 and

    33), provided that

    the sum of the

    lowest point of

    quantitation for

    Ca and Mg is below

    the NPDES permit

    requirement for

    Hardness.

    28. Hydrogen ion (pH), pH units.... Electrometric ...................... 4500-H \+\ B-2011.... D1293-99 (A or B).... 973.41 \3\, I-1586-

    measurement. 85. \2\

    Automated electrode 150.2 (Dec. 1982) \1\. ..................... ..................... See footnote \21\, I-

    2587-85. \2\

    29. Iridium--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 235.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2011..........

    30. Iron--Total, \4\ mg/L.......... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or....... D1068-10 (A)......... 974.27 \3\, I-3381-

    aspiration \36\. 3111 C-2011.......... 85. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D1068-10 (B).........

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Fe-2011......... D1068-10 (C)......... See footnote. \22\

    (Phenanthroline).

    31. Kjeldahl Nitrogen \5\--Total, Manual digestion \20\ ...................... 4500-Norg B-2011 or C- D3590-11 (A)......... I-4515-91. \45\

    (as N), mg/L. and distillation or 2011 and 4500-NH3 B-

    gas diffusion, 2011.

    followed by any of

    the following:

    Titration.......... ...................... 4500-NH3 C-2011...... ..................... 973.48. \3\

    Nesslerization..... ...................... ..................... D1426-08 (A).........

    Electrode.......... ...................... 4500-NH3 D-2011 or E- D1426-08 (B).........

    2011.

    Semi-automated 350.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NH3 G-2011......

    phenate. 4500-NH3 H-2011......

    Manual phenate, ...................... 4500-NH3 F-2011...... ..................... See footnote. \60\

    salicylate, or

    other substituted

    phenols in

    Berthelot reaction

    based methods.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Automated Methods for TKN that do not require manual distillation.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Automated phenate, 351.1 (Rev. 1978) \1\. ..................... ..................... I-4551-78. \8\

    salicylate, or

    other substituted

    phenols in

    Berthelot reaction

    based methods

    colorimetric (auto

    digestion and

    distillation).

    Page 8975

    Semi-automated 351.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-Norg D-2011..... D3590-11 (B)......... I-4515-91 \45\

    block digestor

    colorimetric

    (distillation not

    required).

    Block digester, ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \39\

    followed by Auto

    distillation and

    Titration.

    Block digester, ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \40\

    followed by Auto

    distillation and

    Nesslerization.

    Block Digester, ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \41\

    followed by Flow

    injection gas

    diffusion

    (distillation not

    required).

    Digestion with ...................... ..................... ..................... Hach 10242. \75\

    peroxdisulfate,

    followed by

    Spectrophotometric

    (2,6-dimethyl

    phenol).

    Digestion with ...................... ..................... ..................... NCASI TNTP W10900.

    persulfate, \77\

    followed by

    Colorimetric.

    32. Lead--Total, \4\ mg/L.......... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or 3111 C- D3559-08 (A or B).... 974.27 \3\, I-3399-

    aspiration \36\. 2011.. 85. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D3559-08 (D)......... I-4403-89. \51\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Voltametry \11\.... ...................... ..................... D3559-08 (C).........

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Pb B-2011.......

    (Dithizone).

    33. Magnesium--Total, \4\ mg/L..... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... D511-09 (B).......... 974.27 \3\, I-3447-

    aspiration. 85. \2\

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............

    34. Manganese--Total, \4\ mg/L..... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... D858-12 (A or B)..... 974.27 \3\, I-3454-

    aspiration \36\. 85. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D858-12 (C)..........

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Page 8976

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Mn B-2011....... ..................... 920.203. \3\

    (Persulfate).

    Colorimetric ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \23\

    (Periodate).

    35. Mercury--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Cold vapor, Manual.... 245.1, Rev. 3.0 (1994) 3112 B-2011.......... D3223-12............. 977.22 \3\, I-3462-

    85. \2\

    Cold vapor, 245.2 (Issued 1974)

    Automated. \1\.

    Cold vapor atomic 245.7 Rev. 2.0 (2005) ..................... ..................... I-4464-01. \71\

    fluorescence \17\.

    spectrometry

    (CVAFS).

    Purge and Trap 1631E \43\............

    CVAFS.

    36. Molybdenum--Total, \4\ mg/L.... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011.......... ..................... I-3490-85. \2\

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... ..................... I-3492-96. \47\

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    37. Nickel--Total, \4\ mg/L........ Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or....... D1886-08 (A or B).... I-3499-85. \2\

    aspiration \36\. 3111 C-2011..........

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D1886-08 (C)......... I-4503-89. \51\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    38. Nitrate (as N), mg/L........... Ion Chromatography.... 300.0, Rev. 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or C-2011 D4327-03............. 993.30. \3\

    and 300.1-1, Rev. 1.0

    (1997).

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10, D6508, Rev.

    2 \54\.

    Ion Selective ...................... 4500-NO3 - D-2011....

    Electrode.

    Colorimetric 352.1 (Issued 1971) ..................... ..................... 973.50 \3\, 419D

    (Brucine sulfate). \1\. \1,7\, p. 28. \9\

    Spectrophotometric ...................... ..................... ..................... Hach 10206. \75\

    (2,6-dimethylpheno

    l).

    Nitrate-nitrite N ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \62\

    minus Nitrite N

    (See parameters 39

    and 40).

    Enzymatic ...................... ..................... ..................... I-2547-11. \72\

    reduction, I-2548-11. \72\

    followed by N07-0003. \73\

    automated

    colorimetric

    determination.

    39. Nitrate-nitrite (as N), mg/L... Cadmium reduction, ...................... 4500-NO3 - E-2011.... D3867-04 (B).........

    Manual.

    Cadmium reduction, 353.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NO3 - F-2011.... D3867-04 (A)......... I-2545-90. \51\

    Automated.

    Automated hydrazine ...................... 4500-NO3 - H-2011....

    Reduction/ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \62\

    Colorimetric.

    Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev. 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or C-2011 D4327-03............. 993.30. \3\

    and 300.1-1, Rev. 1.0

    (1997).

    Page 8977

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10............. D6508, Rev. 2. \54\

    Enzymatic ...................... ..................... ..................... I-2547-11. \72\

    reduction, I-2548-11. \72\

    followed by N07-0003. \73\

    automated

    colorimetric

    determination.

    Spectrophotometric ...................... ..................... ..................... Hach 10206. \75\

    (2,6-

    dimethylphenol).

    40. Nitrite (as N), mg/L........... Spectrophotometric: ...................... 4500-NO2 - B-2011.... ..................... See footnote. \25\

    Manual.

    Automated ...................... ..................... ..................... I-4540-85 \2\, See

    (Diazotization). footnote. \62\

    Automated (*bypass 353.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NO3 - F-2011.... D3867-04 (A)......... I-4545-85. \2\

    cadmium reduction).

    Manual (*bypass ...................... 4500-NO3 - E-2011.... D3867-04 (B).........

    cadmium reduction).

    Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev. 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or C-2011 D4327-03............. 993.30. \3\

    and 300.1-1, Rev. 1.0

    (1997).

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10, D6508, Rev.

    2 \54\.

    Enzymatic ...................... ..................... ..................... I-2547-11. \72\

    reduction, I-2548-11. \72\

    followed by N07-0003. \73\

    automated

    colorimetric

    determination.

    41. Oil and grease--Total Hexane extractable 1664 Rev. A; 1664 Rev. 5520 B-2011 \38\.....

    recoverable, mg/L. material (HEM): n- B \42\.

    Hexane extraction and

    gravimetry.

    Silica gel treated 1664 Rev. A; 1664 Rev. 5520 B-2011 \38\ and

    HEM (SGT-HEM): B \42\. 5520 F-2011 \38\.

    Silica gel

    treatment and

    gravimetry.

    42. Organic carbon--Total (TOC), mg/ Combustion............ ...................... 5310 B-2011.......... D7573-09............. 973.47 \3\, p. 14.

    L. \24\

    Heated persulfate ...................... 5310 C-2011.......... D4839-03............. 973.47 \3,\, p. 14.

    or UV persulfate 5310 D-2011.......... \24\

    oxidation.

    43. Organic nitrogen (as N), mg/L.. Total Kjeldahl N

    (Parameter 31) minus

    ammonia N (Parameter

    4).

    44. Ortho-phosphate (as P), mg/L... Ascorbic acid method:

    Automated.......... 365.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-P F-2011 or G- ..................... 973.56 \3\, I-4601-

    2011. 85. \2\

    Manual single ...................... 4500-P E-2011........ D515-88 (A).......... 973.55. \3\

    reagent.

    Manual two reagent. 365.3 (Issued 1978)\1\

    Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev. 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30. \3\

    and 300.1-1, Rev. 1.0

    (1997).

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-10, D6508, Rev.

    2 \54\.

    45. Osmium--Total \4\, mg/L........ Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 252.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    46. Oxygen, dissolved, mg/L........ Winkler (Azide ...................... 4500-O (B-F)-2011.... D888-09 (A).......... 973.45B \3\, I-1575-

    modification). 78. \8\

    Electrode.......... ...................... 4500-O G-2011........ D888-09 (B).......... I-1576-78. \8\

    Page 8978

    Luminescence Based ...................... ..................... D888-09 (C).......... See footnote. \63\

    Sensor. See footnote. \64\

    47. Palladium--Total, \4\ mg/L..... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 253.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2011..........

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    48. Phenols, mg/L.................. Manual distillation 420.1 (Rev. 1978) \1\. 5530 B-2010.......... D1783-01.............

    \26\, followed by any

    of the following:

    Colorimetric (4AAP) 420.1 (Rev. 1978) \1\. 5530 D-2010 \27\..... D1783-01 (A or B)....

    manual.

    Automated 420.4 Rev. 1.0 (1993).

    colorimetric

    (4AAP).

    49. Phosphorus (elemental), mg/L... Gas-liquid ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \28\

    chromatography.

    50. Phosphorus--Total, mg/L........ Digestion \20\, ...................... 4500-P B(5)-2011..... ..................... 973.55. \3\

    followed by any of

    the following:

    Manual............. 365.3 (Issued 1978) 4500-P E-2011........ D515-88 (A)..........

    \1\.

    Automated ascorbic 365.1 Rev. 2.0 (1993). 4500-P (F-H)-2011.... ..................... 973.56 \3\, I-4600-

    acid reduction. 85. \2\

    ICP/AES \4, 36\.... 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-2011.......... ..................... I-4471-97. \50\

    Semi-automated 365.4 (Issued 1974) ..................... D515-88 (B).......... I-4610-91. \48\

    block digestor \1\.

    (TKP digestion).

    Digestion with ...................... ..................... ..................... NCASI TNTP W10900.

    persulfate, \77\

    followed by

    Colorimetric.

    51. Platinum--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 255.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2011..........

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    52. Potassium--Total, \4\ mg/L..... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... ..................... 973.53 \3\, I-3630-

    aspiration. 85. \2\

    ICP/AES............ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-2011..........

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    Flame photometric.. ...................... 3500-K B-2011........

    Electrode.......... ...................... 3500-K C-2011........

    Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............

    53. Residue--Total, mg/L........... Gravimetric, 103- ...................... 2540 B-2011.......... ..................... I-3750-85. \2\

    105deg.

    54. Residue--filterable, mg/L...... Gravimetric, 180deg. ...................... 2540 C-2011.......... D5907-13............. I-1750-85. \2\

    55. Residue--non-filterable (TSS), Gravimetric, 103- ...................... 2540 D-2011.......... D5907-13............. I-3765-85. \2\

    mg/L. 105deg post washing

    of residue.

    56. Residue--settleable, mg/L...... Volumetric, (Imhoff ...................... 2540 F-2011..........

    cone), or gravimetric.

    57. Residue--Volatile, mg/L........ Gravimetric, 550deg. 160.4 (Issued 1971) 2540-E-2011.......... ..................... I-3753-85. \2\

    \1\.

    58. Rhodium--Total, \4\ mg/L....... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration, or.

    AA furnace......... 265.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2011..........

    59. Ruthenium--Total, \4\ mg/L..... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration, or.

    Page 8979

    AA furnace......... 267.2 \1\.............

    ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2011..........

    60. Selenium--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D3859-08 (B)......... I-4668-98. \49\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12.............

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    AA gaseous hydride. ...................... 3114 B-2011, or 3114 D3859-08 (A)......... I-3667-85. \2\

    C-2011.

    61. Silica--Dissolved, \37\ mg/L... 0.45-micron filtration

    followed by any of

    the following:

    Colorimetric, ...................... 4500-SiO 2 C-2011.... D859-10.............. I-1700-85. \2\

    Manual.

    Automated ...................... 4500-SiO 2 E-2011 or ..................... I-2700-85. \2\

    (Molybdosilicate). F-2011.

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... ..................... I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    62. Silver--Total, \4\ \31\ mg/L... Digestion\4, 29\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or....... ..................... 974.27 \3\, p. 37

    aspiration. 3111 C-2011.......... \9\, I-3720-85. \2\

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... ..................... I-4724-89. \51\

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    63. Sodium--Total, \4\ mg/L........ Digestion \4,\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... ..................... 973.54 \3\, I-3735-

    aspiration. 85. \2\

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... ..................... I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    Flame photometric.. ...................... 3500-Na B-2011.......

    Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............

    64. Specific conductance, micromhos/ Wheatstone bridge..... 120.1 (Rev. 1982) \1\. 2510 B-2011.......... D1125-95(99) (A)..... 973.40 \3\, I-2781-

    cm at 25 degC. 85. \2\

    65. Sulfate (as SO4), mg/L......... Automated colorimetric 375.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-SO 4 \2\- F-2011

    or G-2011.

    Gravimetric........ ...................... 4500-SO4 2- C-2011 or ..................... 925.54. \3\

    D-2011.

    Turbidimetric...... ...................... 4500-SO4 2- E-2011... D516-11..............

    Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev. 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2011 or C-2011 D4327-03............. 993.30 \3\, I-4020-

    and 300.1-1, Rev. 1.0 05. \70\

    (1997).

    CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-2011.......... D6508-1010........... D6508, Rev. 2. \54\

    66. Sulfide (as S), mg/L........... Sample Pretreatment... ...................... 4500-S 2-> B, C-2011.

    Titrimetric ...................... 4500-S 2- F-2011..... ..................... I-3840-85. \2\

    (iodine).

    Colorimetric ...................... 4500-S 2- D-2011.....

    (methylene blue).

    Page 8980

    Ion Selective ...................... 4500-S 2- G-2011..... D4658-09.............

    Electrode.

    67. Sulfite (as SO3), mg/L......... Titrimetric (iodine- ...................... 4500-SO3 2- B-2011...

    iodate).

    68. Surfactants, mg/L.............. Colorimetric ...................... 5540 C-2011.......... D2330-02.............

    (methylene blue).

    69. Temperature, degC............ Thermometric.......... ...................... 2550 B-2010.......... ..................... See footnote. \32\

    70. Thallium--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 279.2 (Issued 1978) \ 3113 B-2010..........

    1\.

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES............ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12.............

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4471-

    97. \50\

    71. Tin--Total, \4\ mg/L........... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011.......... ..................... I-3850-78. \8\

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010..........

    STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003)

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    72. Titanium--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... 283.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    ICP/AES............ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994)

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14. \3\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote. \34\

    73. Turbidity, NTU \53\............ Nephelometric......... 180.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 2130 B-2011.......... D1889-00............. I-3860-85. \2\

    See footnote. \65\

    See footnote. \66\

    See footnote. \67\

    74. Vanadium--Total, \4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 D-2011..........

    aspiration.

    AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2010.......... D3373-12.............

    ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-

    05. \70\

    DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500-V B-2011........

    (Gallic Acid).

    75. Zinc--Total \4\, mg/L.......... Digestion \4\,

    followed by any of

    the following:

    AA direct ...................... 3111 B-2011 or 3111 C- D1691-12 (A or B).... 974.27 \3\, p. 37

    aspiration \36\. 2011. \9\, I-3900-85. \2\

    AA furnace......... 289.2 (Issued 1978)

    \1\.

    ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-2011.......... D1976-12............. I-4471-97. \50\

    \68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4

    (1994).

    ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2011.......... D5673-10............. 993.14 \3\, I-4020-05

    \70\

    DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote. \34\

    Colorimetric ...................... 3500 Zn B-2011....... ..................... See footnote. \33\

    (Zincon).

    Page 8981

    76. Acid Mine Drainage............. ...................... 1627 \69\.............

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table IB Notes:

    \1\ Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020. Revised March 1983 and 1979, where applicable. U.S. EPA.

    \2\ Methods for Analysis of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations of the U.S. Geological

    Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1., unless otherwise stated. 1989. USGS.

    \3\ Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Methods Manual, Sixteenth Edition, 4th Revision, 1998. AOAC

    International.

    \4\ For the determination of total metals (which are equivalent to total recoverable metals) the sample is not filtered before processing. A digestion

    procedure is required to solubilize analytes in suspended material and to break down organic-metal complexes (to convert the analyte to a detectable

    form for colorimetric analysis). For non-platform graphite furnace atomic absorption determinations a digestion using nitric acid (as specified in

    Section 4.1.3 of Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes) is required prior to analysis. The procedure used should subject the sample to

    gentle, acid refluxing and at no time should the sample be taken to dryness. For direct aspiration flame atomic absorption determinations (FLAA) a

    combination acid (nitric and hydrochloric acids) digestion is preferred prior to analysis. The approved total recoverable digestion is described as

    Method 200.2 in Supplement I of ``Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples'' EPA/600R-94/111, May, 1994, and is reproduced in

    EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 200.9 from the same Supplement. However, when using the gaseous hydride technique or for the determination of certain

    elements such as antimony, arsenic, selenium, silver, and tin by non-EPA graphite furnace atomic absorption methods, mercury by cold vapor atomic

    absorption, the noble metals and titanium by FLAA, a specific or modified sample digestion procedure may be required and in all cases the referenced

    method write-up should be consulted for specific instruction and/or cautions. For analyses using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission

    spectrometry (ICP-AES), the direct current plasma (DCP) technique or EPA spectrochemical techniques (platform furnace AA, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS) use EPA

    Method 200.2 or an approved alternate procedure (e.g., CEM microwave digestion, which may be used with certain analytes as indicated in Table IB); the

    total recoverable digestion procedures in EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 200.9 may be used for those respective methods. Regardless of the digestion

    procedure, the results of the analysis after digestion procedure are reported as ``total'' metals.

    \5\ Copper sulfate or other catalysts that have been found suitable may be used in place of mercuric sulfate.

    \6\ Manual distillation is not required if comparability data on representative effluent samples are on file to show that this preliminary distillation

    step is not necessary: however, manual distillation will be required to resolve any controversies. In general, the analytical method should be

    consulted regarding the need for distillation. If the method is not clear, the laboratory may compare a minimum of 9 different sample matrices to

    evaluate the need for distillation. For each matrix, a matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate are analyzed both with and without the distillation

    step. (A total of 36 samples, assuming 9 matrices). If results are comparable, the laboratory may dispense with the distillation step for future

    analysis. Comparable is defined as 0.2.

    \28\ Addison, R.F., and R.G. Ackman. 1970. Direct Determination of Elemental Phosphorus by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, Journal of Chromatography,

    47(3):421-426.

    \29\ Approved methods for the analysis of silver in industrial wastewaters at concentrations of 1 mg/L and above are inadequate where silver exists as

    an inorganic halide. Silver halides such as the bromide and chloride are relatively insoluble in reagents such as nitric acid but are readily soluble

    in an aqueous buffer of sodium thiosulfate and sodium hydroxide to pH of 12. Therefore, for levels of silver above 1 mg/L, 20 mL of sample should be

    diluted to 100 mL by adding 40 mL each of 2 M Na2S2O3 and NaOH. Standards should be prepared in the same manner. For levels of silver below 1 mg/L the

    approved method is satisfactory.

    \30\ The use of EDTA decreases method sensitivity. Analysts may omit EDTA or replace with another suitable complexing reagent provided that all method

    specified quality control acceptance criteria are met.

    \31\ For samples known or suspected to contain high levels of silver (e.g., in excess of 4 mg/L), cyanogen iodide should be used to keep the silver in

    solution for analysis. Prepare a cyanogen iodide solution by adding 4.0 mL of concentrated NH4OH, 6.5 g of KCN, and 5.0 mL of a 1.0 N solution of I2

    to 50 mL of reagent water in a volumetric flask and dilute to 100.0 mL. After digestion of the sample, adjust the pH of the digestate to >7 to prevent

    the formation of HCN under acidic conditions. Add 1 mL of the cyanogen iodide solution to the sample digestate and adjust the volume to 100 mL with

    reagent water (NOT acid). If cyanogen iodide is added to sample digestates, then silver standards must be prepared that contain cyanogen iodide as

    well. Prepare working standards by diluting a small volume of a silver stock solution with water and adjusting the pH>7 with NH4OH. Add 1 mL of the

    cyanogen iodide solution and let stand 1 hour. Transfer to a 100-mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume with water.

    Page 8982

    \32\ ''Water Temperature-Influential Factors, Field Measurement and Data Presentation,'' Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S.

    Geological Survey, Book 1, Chapter D1. 1975. USGS.

    \33\ Method 8009, Zincon Method for Zinc, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis, 1979. Hach Company.

    \34\ Method AES0029, Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Elemental Analysis of Water and Wastes. 1986--Revised

    1991. Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation.

    \35\ In-Situ Method 1004-8-2009, Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.

    \36\ Microwave-assisted digestion may be employed for this metal, when analyzed by this methodology. Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater

    Samples for Determination of Metals. April 16, 1992. CEM Corporation

    \37\ When determining boron and silica, only plastic, PTFE, or quartz laboratory ware may be used from start until completion of analysis.

    \38\ Only use n-hexane (n-Hexane--85% minimum purity, 99.0% min. saturated C6 isomers, residue less than 1 mg/L) extraction solvent when determining Oil

    and Grease parameters--Hexane Extractable Material (HEM), or Silica Gel Treated HEM (analogous to EPA Methods 1664 Rev. A and 1664 Rev. B). Use of

    other extraction solvents is prohibited.

    \39\ Method PAI-DK01, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Titrimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.

    \40\ Method PAI-DK02, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Colorimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.

    \41\ Method PAI-DK03, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Automated FIA Gas Diffusion. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.

    \42\ Method 1664 Rev. B is the revised version of EPA Method 1664 Rev. A. U.S. EPA. February 1999, Revision A. Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable

    Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. EPA-

    821-R-98-002. U.S. EPA. February 2010, Revision B. Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane

    Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. EPA-821-R-10-001.

    \43\ Method 1631, Revision E, Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, EPA-821-R-02-019. Revision

5. August 2002, U.S. EPA. The application of clean techniques described in EPA's Method 1669: Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water

   Quality Criteria Levels, EPA-821-R-96-011, are recommended to preclude contamination at low-level, trace metal determinations.

   \44\ Method OIA-1677-09, Available Cyanide by Ligand Exchange and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). 2010. OI Analytical.

   \45\ Open File Report 00-170, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Ammonium Plus

   Organic Nitrogen by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Photometric Finish that Includes Digest Cleanup by Gas Diffusion. 2000. USGS.

   \46\ Open File Report 93-449, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Chromium in Water by

   Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1993. USGS.

   \47\ Open File Report 97-198, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Molybdenum by

   Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1997. USGS.

   \48\ Open File Report 92-146, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Total Phosphorus by

   Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Colorimetric Finish That Includes Dialysis. 1992. USGS.

   \49\ Open File Report 98-639, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Arsenic and Selenium

   in Water and Sediment by Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 1999. USGS.

   \50\ Open File Report 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Elements in Whole-

   water Digests Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 1998. USGS.

   \51\ Open File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and

   Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. USGS.

   \52\ Unless otherwise indicated, all EPA methods, excluding EPA Method 300.1-1, are published in U.S. EPA. May 1994. Methods for the Determination of

   Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement I, EPA/600/R-94/111; or U.S. EPA. August 1993. Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in

   Environmental Samples, EPA/600/R-93/100. EPA Method 300.1 is US EPA. Revision 1.0, 1997, including errata cover sheet April 27, 1999. Determination of

   Inorganic Ions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.

   \53\ Styrene divinyl benzene beads (e.g., AMCO-AEPA-1 or equivalent) and stabilized formazin (e.g., Hach StablCal\TM\ or equivalent) are acceptable

   substitutes for formazin.

   \54\ Method D6508-10, Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate

   Electrolyte. 2010. ASTM.

   \55\ Kelada-01, Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid Dissociable Cyanide, and Thiocyanate, EPA 821-B-01-009, Revision 1.2, August 2001.

   US EPA. Note: A 450-W UV lamp may be used in this method instead of the 550-W lamp specified if it provides performance within the quality control

   (QC) acceptance criteria of the method in a given instrument. Similarly, modified flow cell configurations and flow conditions may be used in the

   method, provided that the QC acceptance criteria are met.

   \56\ QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X, Digestion and Distillation of Total Cyanide in Drinking and Wastewaters using MICRO DIST and Determination of

   Cyanide by Flow Injection Analysis. Revision 2.2, March 2005. Lachat Instruments.

   \57\ When using sulfide removal test procedures described in EPA Method 335.4-1, reconstitute particulate that is filtered with the sample prior to

   distillation.

   \58\ Unless otherwise stated, if the language of this table specifies a sample digestion and/or distillation ``followed by'' analysis with a method,

   approved digestion and/or distillation are required prior to analysis.

   \59\ Samples analyzed for available cyanide using OI Analytical method OIA-1677-09 or ASTM method D6888-09 that contain particulate matter may be

   filtered only after the ligand exchange reagents have been added to the samples, because the ligand exchange process converts complexes containing

   available cyanide to free cyanide, which is not removed by filtration. Analysts are further cautioned to limit the time between the addition of the

   ligand exchange reagents and sample filtration to no more than 30 minutes to preclude settling of materials in samples.

   \60\ Analysts should be aware that pH optima and chromophore absorption maxima might differ when phenol is replaced by a substituted phenol as the color

   reagent in Berthelot Reaction (``phenol-hypochlorite reaction'') colorimetric ammonium determination methods. For example when phenol is used as the

   color reagent, pH optimum and wavelength of maximum absorbance are about 11.5 and 635 nm, respectively--see, Patton, C.J. and S.R. Crouch. March 1977.

   Anal. Chem. 49:464-469. These reaction parameters increase to pH > 12.6 and 665 nm when salicylate is used as the color reagent--see, Krom, M.D. April

   1980. The Analyst 105:305-316.

   \61\ If atomic absorption or ICP instrumentation is not available, the aluminon colorimetric method detailed in the 19th Edition of Standard Methods may

   be used. This method has poorer precision and bias than the methods of choice.

   \62\ Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method, Revision November 12, 2011. Craig Chinchilla.

   \63\ Hach Method 10360, Luminescence Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen in Water and Wastewater and for Use in the Determination of BOD5 and cBOD5.

   Revision 1.2, October 2011. Hach Company. This method may be used to measure dissolved oxygen when performing the methods approved in Table IB for

   measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD).

   \64\ In-Situ Method 1002-8-2009, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.

   \65\ Mitchell Method M5331, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Leck Mitchell.

   \66\ Mitchell Method M5271, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Leck Mitchell.

   \67\ Orion Method AQ4500, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 5, March 12, 2009. Thermo Scientific.

   \68\ EPA Method 200.5, Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, EPA/

   600/R-06/115. Revision 4.2, October 2003. US EPA.

   \69\ Method 1627, Kinetic Test Method for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality, EPA-821-R-09-002. December 2011. US EPA.

   Page 8983

   \70\ Techniques and Methods Book 5-B1, Determination of Elements in Natural-Water, Biota, Sediment and Soil Samples Using Collision/Reaction Cell

   Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Chapter 1, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis,

   2006. USGS.

   \71\ Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4132, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination

   of Organic Plus Inorganic Mercury in Filtered and Unfiltered Natural Water with Cold Vapor-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, 2001. USGS.

   \72\ USGS Techniques and Methods 5-B8, Chapter 8, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, 2011 USGS.

   \73\ NECi Method N07-0003, Revision 9.0, March 2014, Method for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis, The Nitrate Elimination Co., Inc.

   \74\ Timberline Instruments, LLC Method Ammonia-001, Timberline Instruments, LLC.

   \75\ Hach Company Method 10206, Hach Company.

   \76\ Hach Company Method 10242, Hach Company.

   \77\ National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Method TNTP-W10900, Total (Kjeldahl) Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Pulp and Paper

   Biologically Treated Effluent by Alkaline Persulfate Digestion. June 2011.

   Table IC--List of Approved Test Procedures for Non-Pesticide Organic Compounds

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Parameter \1\ Method EPA \2\ \7\ Standard methods ASTM Other

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1. Acenaphthene................. GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   2. Acenaphthylene............... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   3. Acrolein..................... GC................. 603

   GC/MS.............. 624.1 \4\,1624B

   4. Acrylonitrile................ GC................. 603

   GC/MS.............. 624.1 \4\,1624B

   5. Anthracene................... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   6. Benzene...................... GC................. 602 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   7. Benzidine.................... Spectro-photometric ........................ ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p.1.

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 \5\, 1625B 6410 B-2000

   HPLC............... 605

   8. Benzo(a)anthracene........... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   9. Benzo(a)pyrene............... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   10. Benzo(b)fluoranthene........ GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   11. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene........ GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   12. Benzo(k)fluoranthene........ GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   13. Benzyl chloride............. GC................. ........................ ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ ........................ See footnote \6\,

   p. S102.

   14. Butyl benzyl phthalate...... GC................. 606

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   15. bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane. GC................. 611

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   16. bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether.... GC................. 611

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   17. bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate. GC................. 606

   Page 8984

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   18. Bromodichloromethane........ GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   19. Bromoform................... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   20. Bromomethane................ GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   21. 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether.. GC................. 611

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   22. Carbon tetrachloride........ GC................. 601 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   23. 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol.... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   24. Chlorobenzene............... GC................. 601, 602 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   25. Chloroethane................ GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   26. 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether.... GC................. 601

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B

   27. Chloroform.................. GC................. 601 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   28. Chloromethane............... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   29. 2-Chloronaphthalene......... GC................. 612

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   30. 2-Chlorophenol.............. GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   31. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether. GC................. 611

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   32. Chrysene.................... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   33. Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene...... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   34. Dibromochloromethane........ GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   35. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene......... GC................. 601, 602 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6200 B-2011 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   36. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene......... GC................. 601, 602 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1625B 6200 B-2011 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   37. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene......... GC................. 601, 602 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1625B 6200 B-2011 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   38. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine...... GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000

   HPLC............... 605

   39. Dichlorodifluoromethane..... GC................. 601

   GC/MS.............. ........................ 6200 C-2011

   40. 1,1-Dichloroethane.......... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   41. 1,2-Dichloroethane.......... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   42. 1,1-Dichloroethene.......... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   43. trans-1,2-Dichloroethene.... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   44. 2,4-Dichlorophenol.......... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   Page 8985

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   45. 1,2-Dichloropropane......... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   46. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene..... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   47. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   48. Diethyl phthalate........... GC................. 606

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   49. 2,4-Dimethylphenol.......... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   50. Dimethyl phthalate.......... GC................. 606

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   51. Di-n-butyl phthalate........ GC................. 606

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   52. Di-n-octyl phthalate........ GC................. 606

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   53. 2, 4-Dinitrophenol.......... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000

   54. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene.......... GC................. 609

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   55. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene.......... GC................. 609

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   56. Epichlorohydrin............. GC................. ........................ ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ ........................ See footnote \6\,

   p. S102.

   57. Ethylbenzene................ GC................. 602 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   58. Fluoranthene................ GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   59. Fluorene.................... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   60. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   61. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   62. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- Heptachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzo-p-dioxin.

   63. Hexachlorobenzene........... GC................. 612

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   64. Hexachlorobutadiene......... GC................. 612

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   65. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene... GC................. 612

   GC/MS.............. 625.1\ 5\, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   66. 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   67. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   68. 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   69. 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   70. 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzo-p-dioxin.

   71. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzo-p-dioxin.

   72. 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzo-p-dioxin.

   73. Hexachloroethane............ GC................. 612

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   74. Indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene.... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   Page 8986

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   75. Isophorone.................. GC................. 609

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   76. Methylene chloride.......... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   77. 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol.. GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   78. Naphthalene................. GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005

   79. Nitrobenzene................ GC................. 609

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... ........................ ........................ D4657-92 (98)

   80. 2-Nitrophenol............... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   81. 4-Nitrophenol............... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   82. N-Nitrosodimethylamine...... GC................. 607

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 \ 5\, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   83. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine... GC................. 607

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 \ 5\, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   84. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine...... GC................. 607

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 \5\, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   85. Octachlorodibenzofuran...... GC/MS.............. 1613B \10\

   86. Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.. GC/MS.............. 1613B \10\

   87. 2,2'-oxybis(1-chloropropane) GC................. 611

   \12\ also known as bis(2-

   Chloro-1-methylethyl) ether.

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   88. PCB-1016.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   89. PCB-1221.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   90. PCB-1232.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   91. PCB-1242.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   92. PCB-1248.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   93. PCB-1254.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   94. PCB-1260.................... GC................. 608.3 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 43; See

   footnote. \8\

   GC/MS.............. 625.1 6410 B-2000

   95. 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   96. 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzofuran.

   97. 1,2,3,7,8,-Pentachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B

   dibenzo-p-dioxin.

   Page 8987

   98. Pentachlorophenol........... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 140.

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   99. Phenanthrene................ GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98)

   100. Phenol..................... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   101. Pyrene..................... GC................. 610

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   HPLC............... 610 6440 B-2005 D4657-92 (98).

   102. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro- GC/MS.............. 1613B \10\

   dibenzofuran.

   103. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo- GC/MS.............. 613, 625.1 \5a\, 1613B

   p-dioxin.

   104. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane.. GC................. 601 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   105. Tetrachloroethene.......... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   106. Toluene.................... GC................. 602 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   107. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene..... GC................. 612 ........................ ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   108. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane...... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   109. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane...... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011 ........................ See footnote \3\,

   p. 130.

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   110. Trichloroethene............ GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   111. Trichlorofluoromethane..... GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1 6200 B-2011

   112. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol...... GC................. 604 6420 B-2000

   GC/MS.............. 625.1, 1625B 6410 B-2000 ........................ See footnote \9\,

   p. 27.

   113. Vinyl chloride............. GC................. 601 6200 C-2011

   GC/MS.............. 624.1, 1624B 6200 B-2011

   114. Nonylphenol................ GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ D7065-11

   115. Bisphenol A (BPA).......... GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ D7065-11

   116. p-tert-Octylphenol (OP).... GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ D7065-11

   117. Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ D7065-11

   (NP1EO).

   118. Nonylphenol Diethoxylate GC/MS.............. ........................ ........................ D7065-11

   (NP2EO).

   119. Adsorbable Organic Halides Adsorption and 1650 \11\

   (AOX). Coulometric

   Titration.

   120. Chlorinated Phenolics...... In Situ Acetylation 1653 \11\

   and GC/MS.

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Table IC notes:

   \1\ All parameters are expressed in micrograms per liter (microg/L) except for Method 1613B, in which the parameters are expressed in picograms per

   liter (pg/L).

   \2\ The full text of Methods 601-613, 1613B, 1624B, and 1625B are provided at Appendix A, Test Procedures for Analysis of Organic Pollutants, of this

   Part 136. The standardized test procedure to be used to determine the method detection limit (MDL) for these test procedures is given at Appendix B,

   Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit, of this Part 136. Methods 608.3, 624.1, and 625.1 are available at:

   water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/methods_index.cfm.

   \3\ Methods for Benzidine: Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. September 1978. U.S. EPA.

   \4\ Method 624.1 may be used for quantitative determination of acrolein and acrylonitrile, provided that the laboratory has documentation to

   substantiate the ability to detect and quantify these analytes at levels necessary to comply with any associated regulations. In addition, the use of

   sample introduction techniques other than simple purge-and-trap may be required. QC acceptance criteria from Method 603 should be used when analyzing

   samples for acrolein and acrylonitrile in the absence of such criteria in Method 624.1.

   \5\ Method 625.1 may be extended to include benzidine, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, and N-

   nitrosodiphenylamine. However, when they are known to be present, Methods 605, 607, and 612, or Method 1625B, are preferred methods for these

   compounds.

   \5a\ Method 625.1 screening only.

   Page 8988

   \6\ Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition of Standard

   Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 1981. American Public Health Association (APHA).

   \7\ Each analyst must make an initial, one-time demonstration of their ability to generate acceptable precision and accuracy with Methods 601-603,

   1624B, and 1625B in accordance with procedures each in Section 8.2 of each of these Methods. Additionally, each laboratory, on an on-going basis must

   spike and analyze 10% (5% for Methods 624.1 and 625.1 and 100% for methods 1624B and 1625B) of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data

   quality in accordance with Sections 8.3 and 8.4 of these methods. When the recovery of any parameter falls outside the warning limits, the analytical

   results for that parameter in the unspiked sample are suspect. The results should be reported, but cannot be used to demonstrate regulatory

   compliance. These quality control requirements also apply to the Standard Methods, ASTM Methods, and other methods cited.

   \8\ Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using Empore\TM\ Disk. Revised October 28, 1994. 3M Corporation.

   \9\ Method O-3116-87 is in Open File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of

   Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. USGS.

   \10\ Analysts may use Fluid Management Systems, Inc. Power-Prep system in place of manual cleanup provided the analyst meets the requirements of Method

   1613B (as specified in Section 9 of the method) and permitting authorities. Method 1613, Revision B, Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and

   Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS. Revision B, 1994. U.S. EPA. The full text of this method is provided in Appendix A to 40 CFR part 136 and at

   http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.

   \11\ Method 1650, Adsorbable Organic Halides by Adsorption and Coulometric Titration. Revision C, 1997 U.S. EPA. Method 1653, Chlorinated Phenolics in

   Wastewater by In Situ Acetylation and GCMS. Revision A, 1997 U.S. EPA. The full text for both of these methods is provided at Appendix A in part 430,

   The Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category.

   \12\ The compound was formerly inaccurately labeled as 2,2'-oxybis(2-chloropropane) and bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether. Some versions of Methods 611, and

   1625 inaccurately list the analyte as ``bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether,'' but use the correct CAS number of 108-60-1.

   Table ID--List of Approved Test Procedures for Pesticides \1\

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Parameter Method EPA 2 7 10 Standard methods ASTM Other

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1. Aldrin.......................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812-96 See footnote,\3\ p.

   (02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote, \8\

   3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   2. Ametryn......................... GC.................... 507, 619.............. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\9\

   O-3106-93; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S68.

   GC/MS................. 525.2, 625.1.......... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\14\ O-

   1121-91.

   3. Aminocarb....................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   94; See footnote,\6\

   p. S60.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   4. Atraton......................... GC.................... 619................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   5. Atrazine........................ GC.................... 507, 619, 608.3....... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68; See

   footnote,\9\ O-3106-

   93.

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   6. Azinphos methyl................. GC.................... 614, 622, 1657........ ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   25; See footnote,\6\

   p. S51.

   GC-MS................. 625.1................. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   7. Barban.......................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   8. alpha-BHC..................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\8\

   3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1 \5\............. 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   9. beta-BHC...................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\8\

   96(02). 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   10. delta-BHC.................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\8\

   96(02). 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   11. gamma-BHC (Lindane).......... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1 \5\............. 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   12. Captan......................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007.......... D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7.

   13. Carbaryl....................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   94, See footnote,\6\

   p. S60.

   Page 8989

   HPLC.................. 531.1, 632............

   HPLC/MS............... 553................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   14. Carbophenothion................ GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\4\ page

   27; See footnote,\6\

   p. S73.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   15. Chlordane...................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   16. Chloropropham.................. TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   17. 2,4-D.......................... GC.................... 615................... 6640 B-2006.......... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   115; See

   footnote,\4\ O-3105-

   83.

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   18. 4,4'-DDD....................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3105-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   19. 4,4'-DDE....................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   20. 4,4'-DDT....................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   21. Demeton-O...................... GC.................... 614, 622.............. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   25; See footnote,\6\

   p. S51.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   22. Demeton-S...................... GC.................... 614, 622.............. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   25; See footnote,\6\

   p. S51.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   23. Diazinon....................... GC.................... 507, 614, 622, 1657... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   25; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S51.

   GC/MS................. 525.2, 625.1.......... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   24. Dicamba........................ GC.................... 615................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   115.

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   25. Dichlofenthion................. GC.................... 622.1................. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\4\ page

   27; See footnote,\6\

   p. S73.

   26. Dichloran...................... GC.................... 608.2, 617, 608.3..... 6630 B-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   7;

   27. Dicofol........................ GC.................... 617, 608.3............ ..................... ..................... See footnote,\4\ O-

   3104-83.

   28. Dieldrin....................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   29. Dioxathion..................... GC.................... 614.1, 1657........... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\4\ page

   27; See footnote,\6\

   p. S73.

   30. Disulfoton..................... GC.................... 507, 614, 622, 1657... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   25; See footnote,\6\

   p. S51.

   GC/MS................. 525.2, 625.1.......... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   31. Diuron......................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   Page 8990

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... 553................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   32. Endosulfan I................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1 \5\............. 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote,\13\ O-

   2002-01.

   33. Endosulfan II.................. GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\8\

   3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1 \5\............. 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote,\13\ O-

   2002-01.

   34. Endosulfan Sulfate............. GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 C-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\8\

   3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   35. Endrin......................... GC.................... 505, 508, 617, 1656, 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   608.3. 96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1 6410 B-2000..........

   \5\.

   36. Endrin aldehyde................ GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 C-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\8\

   3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   37. Ethion......................... GC.................... 614, 614.1,1657....... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\4\ page

   27; See footnote,\6\

   p. S73.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\13\ O-

   2002-01.

   38. Fenuron........................ TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   39. Fenuron-TCA.................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   40. Heptachlor..................... GC.................... 505, 508, 617, 1656, 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   608.3. 96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1... 6410 B-2000..........

   41. Heptachlor epoxide............. GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S73;

   See footnote,\8\

   3M0222.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. 6410 B-2000..........

   42. Isodrin........................ GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. ..................... See footnote,\4\ O-

   3104-83; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S73.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   43. Linuron........................ GC.................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... 553................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... ..................... Seeootnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   44. Malathion...................... GC.................... 614, 1657............. 6630 B-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   25; See footnote,\6\

   p. S51.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   45. Methiocarb..................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   94; See footnote,\6\

   p. S60.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   46. Methoxychlor................... GC.................... 505, 508, 608.2, 617, 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   1656, 608.3. 96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83; See

   footnote,\8\ 3M0222.

   Page 8991

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   47. Mexacarbate.................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   94; See footnote,\6\

   p. S60.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   48. Mirex.......................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7; See footnote,\4\

   O-3104-83.

   GC/MS................. 625.1.................

   49. Monuron........................ TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   50. Monuron-TCA.................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   51. Neburon........................ TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   52. Parathion methyl............... GC.................... 614, 622, 1657........ 6630 B-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\4\ page

   27; See footnote,\3\

   p. 25.

   GC/MS................. 625.1................. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   53. Parathion ethyl................ GC.................... 614................... 6630 B-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\4\ page

   27; See footnote,\3\

   p. 25.

   GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   54. PCNB........................... GC.................... 608.1, 617, 608.3..... 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   96(02). 7.

   55. Perthane....................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ ..................... D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\4\ O-

   96(02). 3104-83.

   56. Prometon....................... GC.................... 507, 619.............. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68; See

   footnote,\9\ O-3106-

   93.

   GC/MS................. 525.2, 625.1.......... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   57. Prometryn...................... GC.................... 507, 619.............. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68; See

   footnote,\9\ O-3106-

   93.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\13\ O-

   2002-01.

   58. Propazine...................... GC.................... 507, 619, 1656, 608.3. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68; See

   footnote,\9\ O-3106-

   93.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1...

   59. Propham........................ TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   60. Propoxur....................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   94; See footnote,\6\

   p. S60.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   61. Secbumeton..................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68.

   GC.................... 619...................

   62. Siduron........................ TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   HPLC/MS............... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\12\ O-

   2060-01.

   63. Simazine....................... GC.................... 505, 507, 619, 1656, ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   608.3. 83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68; See

   footnote,\9\ O-3106-

   93.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   64. Strobane....................... GC.................... 617, 608.3............ 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   7.

   65. Swep........................... TLC................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   104; See

   footnote,\6\ p. S64.

   Page 8992

   HPLC.................. 632...................

   66. 2,4,5-T........................ GC.................... 615................... 6640 B-2006.......... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   115; See

   footnote,\4\ O-3105-

   83.

   67. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex).............. GC.................... 615................... 6640 B-2006.......... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   115; See

   footnote,\4\ O-3105-

   83.

   68. Terbuthylazine................. GC.................... 619, 1656, 608.3...... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   83; See footnote,\6\

   p. S68.

   GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\13\ O-

   2002-01.

   69. Toxaphene...................... GC.................... 505, 508, 617, 1656, 6630 B-2007 & C-2007. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote,\3\ p.

   608.3. 96(02). 7; See footnote,\8\;

   See footnote,\4\ O-

   3105-83.

   GC/MS................. 525.1, 525.2, 625.1... 6410 B-2000..........

   70. Trifluralin.................... GC.................... 508, 617, 627, 1656, 6630 B-2007.......... ..................... See footnote,\3\ p.

   608.3. 7; See footnote,\9\

   O-3106-93.

   GC/MS................. 525.2, 625.1.......... ..................... ..................... See footnote,\11\ O-

   1126-95.

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Table ID notes:

   \1\ Pesticides are listed in this table by common name for the convenience of the reader. Additional pesticides may be found under Table IC, where

   entries are listed by chemical name.

   \2\ The standardized test procedure to be used to determine the method detection limit (MDL) for these test procedures is given at Appendix B,

   Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit, of this Part 136.

   \3\ Methods for Benzidine, Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. September 1978. U.S. EPA. This EPA

   publication includes thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods.

   \4\ Methods for the Determination of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S.

   Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3. 1987. USGS.

   \5\ The method may be extended to include alpha-BHC, gamma-BHC, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, and endrin. However, when they are known to exist,

   Method 608.3 is the preferred method.

   \6\ Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition of Standard

   Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1981. American Public Health Association (APHA).

   \7\ Each analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of their ability to generate acceptable precision and accuracy with Methods 608.3 and

   625.1 in accordance with procedures given in Section 8.2 of each of these methods. Additionally, each laboratory, on an on-going basis, must spike and

   analyze 5% of all samples analyzed with Method 608.3 or 5% of all samples analyzed with Method 625.1 to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality

   in accordance with Sections 8.3 and 8.4 of these methods. When the recovery of any parameter falls outside the warning limits, the analytical results

   for that parameter in the unspiked sample are suspect. The results should be reported, but cannot be used to demonstrate regulatory compliance. These

   quality control requirements also apply to the Standard Methods, ASTM Methods, and other methods cited.

   \8\ Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using Empore\TM\ Disk. Revised October 28, 1994. 3M Corporation.

   \9\ Method O-3106-93 is in Open File Report 94-37, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of

   Triazine and Other Nitrogen-Containing Compounds by Gas Chromatography With Nitrogen Phosphorus Detectors. 1994. USGS.

   \10\ EPA Methods 608.1, 608.2, 614, 614.1, 615, 617, 619, 622, 622.1, 627, and 632 are found in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional

   Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, EPA 821-R-92-002, April 1992, U.S. EPA. EPA Methods 505, 507, 508, 525.1, 531.1 and 553 are in

   Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II, EPA 821-R-93-010B, 1993, U.S. EPA. EPA

   Method 525.2 is in Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass

   Spectrometry, Revision 2.0, 1995, U.S. EPA. EPA methods 1656 and 1657 are in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal

   and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I, EPA 821-R-93-010A, 1993, U.S. EPA. Methods 608.3 and 625.1 are available at: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/methods_index.cfm (this is a placeholder for now).

   \11\ Method O-1126-95 is in Open-File Report 95-181, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination

   of pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. 1995.

   USGS.

   \12\ Method O-2060-01 is in Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4134, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality

   Laboratory--Determination of Pesticides in Water by Graphitized Carbon-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass

   Spectrometry. 2001. USGS.

   \13\ Method O-2002-01 is in Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4098, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality

   Laboratory--Determination of moderate-use pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass

   spectrometry. 2001. USGS.

   \14\ Method O-1121-91 is in Open-File Report 91-519, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination

   of organonitrogen herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion

   monitoring. 1992. USGS.

   * * * * *

   Table 1F--List of Approved Methods for Pharmaceutical Pollutants

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Analytical

   Pharmaceuticals pollutants CAS Registry No. method number

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Acetonitrile................. 75-05-8 1666/1671/D3371/

   D3695/624.1.

   n-Amyl acetate............... 628-63-7 1666/D3695.

   n-Amyl alcohol............... 71-41-0 1666/D3695.

   Benzene...................... 71-43-2 D4763/D3695/

   502.2/524.2/

   624.1.

   Page 8993

   n-Butyl-acetate.............. 123-86-4 1666/D3695.

   tert-Butyl alcohol........... 75-65-0 1666/624.1.

   Chlorobenzene................ 108-90-7 502.2/524.2/

   624.1.

   Chloroform................... 67-66-3 502.2/524.2/551/

   624.1.

   o-Dichlorobenzene............ 95-50-1 1625C/502.2/

   524.2/624.1.

   1,2-Dichloroethane........... 107-06-2 D3695/502.2/

   524.2/624.1.

   Diethylamine................. 109-89-7 1666/1671.

   Dimethyl sulfoxide........... 67-68-5 1666/1671.

   Ethanol...................... 64-17-5 1666/1671/D3695/

   624.1.

   Ethyl acetate................ 141-78-6 1666/D3695/

   624.1.

   n-Heptane.................... 142-82-5 1666/D3695.

   n-Hexane..................... 110-54-3 1666/D3695.

   Isobutyraldehyde............. 78-84-2 1666/1667.

   Isopropanol.................. 67-63-0 1666/D3695.

   Isopropyl acetate............ 108-21-4 1666/D3695.

   Isopropyl ether.............. 108-20-3 1666/D3695.

   Methanol..................... 67-56-1 1666/1671/D3695/

   624.1.

   Methyl Cellosolve supreg (2- 109-86-4 1666/1671.

   Methoxy ethanol).

   Methylene chloride........... 75-09-2 502.2/524.2/

   624.1.

   Methyl formate............... 107-31-3 1666.

   4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK).. 108-10-1 1624C/1666/D3695/

   D4763/524.2/

   624.1.

   Phenol....................... 108-95-2 D4763.

   n-Propanol................... 71-23-8 1666/1671/D3695/

   624.1.

   2-Propanone (Acetone)........ 67-64-1 D3695/D4763/

   524.2/624.1.

   Tetrahydrofuran.............. 109-99-9 1666/524.2/

   624.1.

   Toluene...................... 108-88-3 D3695/D4763/

   502.2/524.2/

   624.1.

   Triethlyamine................ 121-44-8 1666/1671.

   Xylenes...................... (Note 1) 1624C/1666/

   624.1.

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Table 1F note:

   \1\ 1624C: m-xylene 108-38-3, o,p-xylene, E-14095 (Not a CAS number;

   this is the number provided in the Environmental Monitoring Methods

   Index EMMI database.); 1666: m,p-xylene 136777-61-2, o-xylene 95-47-

   6.

   Table 1G--Test Methods for Pesticide Active Ingredients (40 CFR part 455)

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   EPA analytical method

   EPA survey code Pesticide name CAS No. No.(s) \3\

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   8.................................. Triadimefon........... 43121-43-3 507/633/525.1/525.2/

   1656/625.1.

   12................................. Dichlorvos............ 62-73-7 1657/507/622/525.1/

   525.2/625.1.

   16................................. 2,4-D; 2,4-D Salts and 94-75-7 1658/515.1/615/515.2/

   Esters 2,4-Dichloro- 555.

   phenoxyacetic acid.

   17................................. 2,4-DB; 2,4-DB Salts 94-82-6 1658/515.1/615/515.2/

   and Esters 2,4- 555.

   Dichlorophenoxybutyri

   c acid.

   22................................. Mevinphos............. 7786-34-7 1657/507/622/525.1/

   525.2/625.1.

   25................................. Cyanazine............. 21725-46-2 629/507/608.3/625.1.

   26................................. Propachlor............ 1918-16-7 1656/508/608.1/525.1/

   525.2/608.3/625.1.

   27................................. MCPA; MCPA Salts and 94-74-6 1658/615/555.

   Esters 2-Methyl-4-

   chlorophenoxyacetic

   acid.

   30................................. Dichlorprop; 120-36-5 1658/515.1/615/515.2/

   Dichlorprop Salts and 555.

   Esters 2-(2,4-

   Dichlorophenoxy)

   propionic acid.

   31................................. MCPP; MCPP Salts and 93-65-2 1658/615/555.

   Esters 2-(2-Methyl-4-

   chlorophenoxy)

   propionic acid.

   35................................. TCMTB 2- 21564-17-0 637.

   (Thiocyanomethylthio)

   benzo-thiazole.

   39................................. Pronamide............. 23950-58-5 525.1/525.2/507/633.1/

   625.1.

   41................................. Propanil.............. 709-98-8 632.1/1656/608.3.

   45................................. Metribuzin............ 21087-64-9 507/633/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/ 625.1.

   52................................. Acephate.............. 30560-19-1 1656/1657/608.3.

   53................................. Acifluorfen........... 50594-66-6 515.1/515.2/555.

   54................................. Alachlor.............. 15972-60-8 505/507/645/525.1/

   525.2/1656/608.3/

   625.1.

   55................................. Aldicarb.............. 116-06-3 531.1.

   58................................. Ametryn............... 834-12-8 507/619/525.2/625.1.

   60................................. Atrazine.............. 1912-24-9 505/507/619/525.1/

   525.2/1656/ 608.3/

   625.1.

   62................................. Benomyl............... 17804-35-2 631.

   68................................. Bromacil; Bromacil 314-40-9 507/633/525.1/525.2/

   Salts and Esters. 1656/608.3/ 625.1.

   69................................. Bromoxynil............ 1689-84-5 1625/1661/625.1.

   69................................. Bromoxynil octanoate.. 1689-99-2 1656/608.3.

   70................................. Butachlor............. 23184-66-9 507/645/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/625.1.

   73................................. Captafol.............. 2425-06-1 1656/608.3/625.1.

   75................................. Carbaryl Sevin...... 63-25-2 531.1/632/553/625.1.

   76................................. Carbofuran............ 1563-66-2 531.1/632/625.1.

   Page 8994

   80................................. Chloroneb............. 2675-77-6 1656/508/608.1/525.1/

   525.2/608.3/625.1.

   82................................. Chlorothalonil........ 1897-45-6 508/608.2/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/625.1.

   84................................. Stirofos.............. 961-11-5 1657/507/622/525.1/

   525.2/625.1.

   86................................. Chlorpyrifos.......... 2921-88-2 1657/508/622/625.1.

   90................................. Fenvalerate........... 51630-58-1 1660.

   103................................ Diazinon.............. 333-41-5 1657/507/614/622/

   525.2/625.1.

   107................................ Parathion methyl...... 298-00-0 1657/614/622/625.1.

   110................................ DCPA Dimethyl 2,3,5,6- 1861-32-1 508/608.2/525.1/525.2/

   tetrachloro- 515.1 \2\/515.2 \2\/

   terephthalate. 1656/608.3/625.1.

   112................................ Dinoseb............... 88-85-7 1658/515.1/615/515.2/

   555/625.1.

   113................................ Dioxathion............ 78-34-2 1657/614.1.

   118................................ Nabonate Disodium 138-93-2 630.1.

   cyanodithio-

   imidocarbonate.

   119................................ Diuron................ 330-54-1 632/553.

   123................................ Endothall............. 145-73-3 548/548.1.

   124................................ Endrin................ 72-20-8 1656/505/508/617/

   525.1/525.2/608.3/

   625.1.

   125................................ Ethalfluralin......... 55283-68-6 1656/627/608.3 See

   footnote 1.

   126................................ Ethion................ 563-12-2 1657/614/614.1/625.1.

   127................................ Ethoprop.............. 13194-48-4 1657/507/622/525.1/

   525.2/625.1.

   132................................ Fenarimol............. 60168-88-9 507/633.1/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/625.1.

   133................................ Fenthion.............. 55-38-9 1657/622/625.1.

   138................................ Glyphosate N- 1071-83-6 547.

   (Phosphonomethyl)

   glycine.

   140................................ Heptachlor............ 76-44-8 1656/505/508/617/

   525.1/525.2/608.3/

   625.1.

   144................................ Isopropalin........... 33820-53-0 1656/627/608.3.

   148................................ Linuron............... 330-55-2 553/632.

   150................................ Malathion............. 121-75-5 1657/614/625.1.

   154................................ Methamidophos......... 10265-92-6 1657.

   156................................ Methomyl.............. 16752-77-5 531.1/632.

   158................................ Methoxychlor.......... 72-43-5 1656/505/508/608.2/

   617/525.1/525.2/

   608.3/625.1.

   172................................ Nabam................. 142-59-6 630/630.1.

   173................................ Naled................. 300-76-5 1657/622/625.1.

   175................................ Norflurazon........... 27314-13-2 507/645/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/625.1.

   178................................ Benfluralin........... 1861-40-1 1656/627/608.3 See

   footnote 1.

   182................................ Fensulfothion......... 115-90-2 1657/622/625.1.

   183................................ Disulfoton............ 298-04-4 1657/507/614/622/

   525.2/625.1.

   185................................ Phosmet............... 732-11-6 1657/622.1/625.1.

   186................................ Azinphos Methyl....... 86-50-0 1657/614/622/625.1.

   192................................ Organo-tin pesticides. 12379-54-3 Ind-01/200.7/200.9.

   197................................ Bolstar............... 35400-43-2 1657/622.

   203................................ Parathion............. 56-38-2 1657/614/625.1.

   204................................ Pendimethalin......... 40487-42-1 1656.

   205................................ Pentachloronitrobenzen 82-68-8 1656/608.1/617/608.3/

   e. 625.1.

   206................................ Pentachlorophenol..... 87-86-5 1625/515.2/555/515.1/

   525.1/525.2/625.1.

   208................................ Permethrin............ 52645-53-1 608.2/508/525.1/525.2/

   1656/1660/608.3 \4\/

   625.1 \4\.

   212................................ Phorate............... 298-02-2 1657/622/625.1.

   218................................ Busan 85 Potassium 128-03-0 630/630.1.

   dimethyldithiocarbama

   te.

   219................................ Busan 40 Potassium N- 51026-28-9 630/630.1.

   hydroxymethyl-N-

   methyldithiocarbamate

   .

   220................................ KN Methyl Potassium N- 137-41-7 630/630.1.

   methyl-

   dithiocarbamate.

   223................................ Prometon.............. 1610-18-0 507/619/525.2/625.1.

   224................................ Prometryn............. 7287-19-6 507/619/525.1/525.2/

   625.1.

   226................................ Propazine............. 139-40-2 507/619/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/625.1.

   230................................ Pyrethrin I........... 121-21-1 1660.

   232................................ Pyrethrin II.......... 121-29-9 1660.

   236................................ DEF S,S,S-Tributyl 78-48-8 1657.

   phosphorotrithioate.

   239................................ Simazine.............. 122-34-9 505/507/619/525.1/

   525.2/1656/608.3/

   625.1.

   241................................ Carbam-S Sodium 128-04-1 630/630.1.

   dimethyldithio-

   carbamate.

   243................................ Vapam Sodium 137-42-8 630/630.1.

   methyldithiocarbamate

   .

   252................................ Tebuthiuron........... 34014-18-1 507/525.1/525.2/

   625.1.

   254................................ Terbacil.............. 5902-51-2 507/633/525.1/525.2/

   1656/608.3/625.1.

   255................................ Terbufos.............. 13071-79-9 1657/507/614.1/525.1/

   525.2/625.1.

   256................................ Terbuthylazine........ 5915-41-3 619/1656/608.3.

   257................................ Terbutryn............. 886-50-0 507/619/525.1/525.2/

   625.1.

   259................................ Dazomet............... 533-74-4 630/630.1/1659.

   262................................ Toxaphene............. 8001-35-2 1656/505/508/617/

   525.1/525.2/608.3/

   625.1.

   263................................ Merphos Tributyl 150-50-5 1657/507/525.1/525.2/

   phosphorotrithioate. 622/625.1.

   264................................ Trifluralin \1\....... 1582-09-8 1656/508/617/627/

   525.2/608.3/625.1.

   Page 8995

   268................................ Ziram Zinc 137-30-4 630/630.1.

   dimethyldithiocarbama

   te.

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Table 1G notes:

   \1\ Monitor and report as total Trifluralin.

   \2\ Applicable to the analysis of DCPA degradates.

   \3\ EPA Methods 608.1 through 645, 1645 through 1661, and Ind-01 are available in Methods for the Determination

   of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I, EPA 821-R-93-010A, Revision I,

   August 1993, U.S. EPA. EPA Methods 200.9 and 505 through 555 are available in Methods for the Determination of

   Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II, EPA 821-R-93-010B, August 1993,

   U.S. EPA. The full text of Methods 608.3, 625.1, and 1625 are provided at Appendix A of this part 136. The

   full text of Method 200.7 is provided at Appendix C of this part 136. Methods 608.3 and 625.1 are available

   at: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/methods_index.cfm (this is a placeholder for now).

   \4\ Permethrin is not listed within methods 608.3 and 625.1; however, cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin are

   listed. Permethrin can be calculated by adding the results of cis and trans-permethrin.

   Table 1H--List of Approved Microbiological Methods for Ambient Water

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   AOAC,

   Parameter and units Method \1\ EPA Standard ASTM, Other

   methods USGS

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Bacteria:

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1. Coliform (fecal), number per Most Probable p. 132 \3\........ 9221 C E-

   100 mL or number per gram dry Number (MPN), 5 2006

   weight. tube, 3 dilution,

   or.

   Membrane filter p. 124 \3\........ 9222 D- B-0050-8

   (MF),\2\ single 2006 \27\ 5 \4\

   step.

   2. Coliform (fecal) in presence MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 132 \3\........ 9221 C E-

   of chlorine, number per 100 mL. dilution, or. 2006

   MF \2\, single p. 124 \3\........ 9222 D-

   step \5\. 2006 \27\

   3. Coliform (total), number per MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\........ 9221 B-

   100 mL. dilution, or. 2006

   MF \2\, single p. 108 \3\........ 9222 B- B-0025-8

   step or two step. 2006 5 \4\

   4. Coliform (total), in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\........ 9221 B-

   presence of chlorine, number dilution, or. 2006

   per 100 mL.

   MF \2\ with p. 111 \3\........ 9222 B-

   enrichment. 2006

   5.E. coli, number per 100 mL... MPN,6 8 14 .................. 9221 B.2-

   multiple tube, or. 2006/9221

   F-2006 11

   13

   Multiple tube/ .................. 9223 B- 991.15 Colilertsupreg

   multiple well, or. 2004 \12\ \10\ 12 16, Colilert-

   supreg 12 15

   16

   MF 2 5 6 7 8, two 1103.1 \19\....... 9222 B- D5392-93

   step, or. 2006/9222 \9\

   G-2006,\1

   8\ 9213 D-

   2007

   Single step....... 1603 \20\, 1604 .......... ........ mColiBlue-24supr

   \21\. eg \17\

   6. Fecal streptococci, number MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 139 \3\........ 9230 B-

   per 100 mL. dilution, or. 2007

   MF \2\, or........ p. 136 \3\........ 9230 C- B-0055-8

   2007 5 \4\

   Plate count....... p. 143 \3\........

   7. Enterococci, number per 100 MPN,6 8 multiple .................. 9230 D- D6503-99 Ente-

   mL. tube/multiple 2007 \9\ rolertsupreg

   well, or. 12 22

   MF 2 5 6 7 8 two 1106.1 \23\....... 9230 C- D5259-92

   step, or. 2007 \9\

   Single step, or... 1600 \24\......... 9230 C-

   2007

   Plate count....... p. 143 \3\........

   Protozoa:......................

   8.Cryptosporidium.............. Filtration/IMS/FA. 1622 \25\, 1623

   \26\.

   9.Giardia...................... Filtration/IMS/FA. 1623 \26\.........

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Table 1H notes:

   \1\ The method must be specified when results are reported.

   \2\ A 0.45-microm membrane filter (MF) or other pore size certified by the manufacturer to fully retain

   organisms to be cultivated and to be free of extractables which could interfere with their growth.

   \3\ Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water, and Wastes. EPA/600/8-78/017. 1978. US EPA.

   \4\ U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4,

   Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. USGS.

   \5\ Because the MF technique usually yields low and variable recovery from chlorinated wastewaters, the Most

   Probable Number method will be required to resolve any controversies.

   \6\ Tests must be conducted to provide organism enumeration (density). Select the appropriate configuration of

   tubes/filtrations and dilutions/volumes to account for the quality, character, consistency, and anticipated

   organism density of the water sample.

   Page 8996

   \7\ When the MF method has not been used previously to test waters with high turbidity, large numbers of

   noncoliform bacteria, or samples that may contain organisms stressed by chlorine, a parallel test should be

   conducted with a multiple-tube technique to demonstrate applicability and comparability of results.

   \8\ To assess the comparability of results obtained with individual methods, it is suggested that side-by-side

   tests be conducted across seasons of the year with the water samples routinely tested in accordance with the

   most current Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or EPA alternate test procedure

   (ATP) guidelines.

   \9\ Annual Book of ASTM Standards--Water and Environmental Technology. Section 11.02. 2000, 1999, 1996. ASTM

   International.

   \10\ Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th Edition, Volume I, Chapter 17. 1995. AOAC

   International.

   \11\ The multiple-tube fermentation test is used in 9221B.2-2006. Lactose broth may be used in lieu of lauryl

   tryptose broth (LTB), if at least 25 parallel tests are conducted between this broth and LTB using the water

   samples normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false-negative rate

   for total coliform using lactose broth is less than 10 percent. No requirement exists to run the completed

   phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive tubes on a seasonal basis.

   \12\ These tests are collectively known as defined enzyme substrate tests, where, for example, a substrate is

   used to detect the enzyme beta-glucuronidase produced by E. coli.

   \13\ After prior enrichment in a presumptive medium for total coliform using 9221B.2-2006, all presumptive tubes

   or bottles showing any amount of gas, growth or acidity within 48 h 3 h of incubation shall be

   submitted to 9221F-2006. Commercially available EC-MUG media or EC media supplemented in the laboratory with

   50 microg/mL of MUG may be used.

   \14\ Samples shall be enumerated by the multiple-tube or multiple-well procedure. Using multiple-tube

   procedures, employ an appropriate tube and dilution configuration of the sample as needed and report the Most

   Probable Number (MPN). Samples tested with Colilertsupreg may be enumerated with the multiple-well

   procedures, Quanti-Traysupreg or Quanti-Traysupreg/2000, and the MPN calculated from the table provided by

   the manufacturer.

   \15\ Colilert-18supreg is an optimized formulation of the Colilertsupreg for the determination of total

   coliforms and E. coli that provides results within 18 h of incubation at 35 degC, rather than the 24 h

   required for the Colilertsupreg test, and is recommended for marine water samples.

   \16\ Descriptions of the Colilertsupreg, Colilert-18supreg, Quanti-Traysupreg, and Quanti-Traysupreg/

   2000 may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.

   \17\ A description of the mColiBlue24supreg test may be obtained from Hach Company.

   \18\ Subject total coliform positive samples determined by 9222B-1997 or other membrane filter procedure to

   9222G-1997 using NA-MUG media.

   \19\ Method 1103.1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Thermotolerant

   Escherichia coli Agar (mTEC), EPA-821-R-10-002. March 2010. US EPA.

   \20\ Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-

   Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified mTEC), EPA-821-R-14-010. September 2014. US EPA.

   \21\ Preparation and use of MI agar with a standard membrane filter procedure is set forth in the article,

   Brenner et al. 1993. New Medium for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliform and Escherichia coli in

   Water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3534-3544 and in Method 1604: Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E.

   coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration by Using a Simultaneous Detection Technique (MI Medium), EPA 821-R-02-

   024, September 2002, US EPA.

   \22\ A description of the Enterolertsupreg test may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.

   \23\ Method 1106.1: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus-Esculin Iron Agar

   (mE-EIA), EPA-821-R-09-015. December 2009. US EPA.

   \24\ Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-beta-D-

   Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-14-011. September 2014. US EPA.

   \25\ Method 1622 uses a filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation of oocysts from captured material,

   immunofluorescence assay to determine concentrations, and confirmation through vital dye staining and

   differential interference contrast microscopy for the detection of Cryptosporidium. Method 1622:

   Cryptosporidium in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, EPA-821-R-05-001. December 2005. US EPA.

   \26\ Method 1623 uses a filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation of oocysts and cysts from captured

   material, immunofluorescence assay to determine concentrations, and confirmation through vital dye staining

   and differential interference contrast microscopy for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium and

   Giardia oocysts and cysts. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. EPA-821-R-

   05-002. December 2005. US EPA.

   \27\ The verification frequency is at least five typical and five atypical colonies per sampling site on the day

   of sample collection and analysis.

   (b) The documents required in this section are incorporated by reference into this section in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed in paragraph (b) of this section. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Room 3334, Washington, DC 20004, (Telephone: 202-566-2426); or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. These test procedures are incorporated as they exist on the day of approval and a notice of any change in these test procedures will be published in the Federal Register. The full texts of the methods from the following references which are cited in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG and IH of this section are incorporated by reference into this regulation and may be obtained from the source identified.

   * * * * *

   (8) * * *

   * * * * *

   (iv) Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-beta-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI). September 2014. EPA-821-R-14-011. Table IA, Note 25; Table IH, Note 24.

   (v) Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified mTEC). September 2014. EPA-821-R-14-010. Table IA, Note 22; Table IH, Note 20.

   * * * * *

   (xiii) Method 1680: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation using Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) and EC Medium. September 2014. EPA-821-R-14-009. Table IA, Note 15.

   * * * * *

   (xv) Method 1682: Salmonella in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) Medium. September 2014. EPA 821-R-14-012. Table IA, Note 23.

   * * * * *

   (10) * * *

   * * * * *

   (viii) 2120, Color. 2011. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (x) 2310, Acidity. 2011. Table IB.

   (xi) 2320, Alkalinity. 2011. Table IB.

   (xii) 2340, Hardness. 2011. Table IB.

   (xiii) 2510, Conductivity. 2011. Table IB.

   (xiv) 2540, Solids. 2011. Table IB.

   (xv) 2550, Temperature. 2011. Table IB.

   (xvi) 3111, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 2011. Table IB.

   (xvii) 3112, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 2011. Table IB.

   (xviii) 3113, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 2010. Table IB.

   (xix) 3114, Arsenic and Selenium by Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 2011. Table IB.

   Page 8997

   (xx) 3120, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxi) 3125, Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxii) 3500-Al, Aluminum. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxiii) 3500-As, Arsenic. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxiv) 3500-Ca, Calcium. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxv) 3500-Cr, Chromium. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxvi) 3500-Cu, Copper. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxvii) 3500-Fe, Iron. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxviii) 3500-Pb, Lead. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxix) 3500-Mn, Manganese. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxx) 3500-K, Potassium. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxi) 3500-Na, Sodium. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxii) 3500-V, Vanadium. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxiii) 3500-Zn, Zinc. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxiv) 4110, Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxv) 4140, Inorganic Anions by Capillary Ion Electrophoresis. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxvi) 4500-B, Boron. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxvii) 4500-Cl-, Chloride. 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxviii) 4500-Cl, Chlorine (Residual). 2011. Table IB.

   (xxxix) 4500-CN -, Cyanide. 2011. Table IB.

   (xl) 4500-F-, Fluoride. 2011. Table IB.

   (xli) 4500-H\+\, pH Value. 2011. Table IB.

   (xlii) 4500-NH3, Nitrogen (Ammonia). 2011. Table IB.

   (xliii) 4500-NO2-, Nitrogen (Nitrite). 2011. Table IB.

   (xliv) 4500-NO3-, Nitrogen (Nitrate). 2011. Table IB.

   (xlv) 4500-Norg, Nitrogen (Organic). 2011. Table IB.

   (xlvi) 4500-O, Oxygen (Dissolved). 2011. Table IB.

   (xlvii) 4500-P, Phosphorus. 2011. Table IB.

   (xlviii) 4500-SiO2, Silica. 2011. Table IB.

   (xlix) 4500-S\2\-, Sulfide. 2011. Table IB.

   (l) 4500-SO3\2\-, Sulfite. 2011. Table IB.

   (li) 4500-SO4\2\-, Sulfate. 2011. Table IB.

   (lii) 5210, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). 2011. Table IB.

   (liii) 5220, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). 2011. Table IB.

   (liv) 5310, Total Organic Carbon (TOC). 2011. Table IB.

   (lv) 5520, Oil and Grease. 2011. Table IB.

   (lvi) 5530, Phenols. 2010. Table IB.

   (lvii) 5540, Surfactants. 2011. Table IB.

   (lviii) 6200, Volatile Organic Compounds. 2011. Table IC.

   * * * * *

   (lxi) 6440, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 2005. Table IC.

   (lxii) 6630, Organochlorine Pesticides. 2007. Table ID.

   (lxiii) 6640, Acidic Herbicide Compounds. 2006. Table ID.

   * * * * *

   (lxviii) 9222, Membrane Filter Technique for Members of the Coliform Group. 2006. Table IA; Table IH, Note 18.

   * * * * *

   (15) * * *

   * * * * *

   (v) ASTM D511-09, Standard Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water. May 2009. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (viii) ASTM D516-11, Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water, September 2011. Table IB.

   (ix) ASTM D858-12, Standard Test Methods for Manganese in Water. September 2012. Table IB.

   (x) ASTM D859-10, Standard Test Method for Silica in Water. July 2010. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xii) ASTM D1067-11, Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water. April 2011. Table IB.

   (xiii) ASTM D1068-10, Standard Test Methods for Iron in Water. October 2010. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xv) ASTM D1126-12, Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water. March 2012. Table IB.

   (xvi) ASTM D1179-10, Standard Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water. July 2010. Table IB.

   (xvii) ASTM D1246-10, Standard Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water. July 2010. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xxii) ASTM D1687-12 (Approved September 1, 2012), Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water. August 2007. Table IB.

   (xxiii) ASTM D1688-12, Standard Test Methods for Copper in Water. September 2012. Table IB.

   (xxiv) ASTM D1691-12, Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water. September 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xxx) ASTM D1976-12, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. March 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xxxv) ASTM D3223-12, Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Water. September 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xxxvii) ASTM D3373-12, Standard Test Method for Vanadium in Water. September 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xxxix) ASTM D3557-12, Standard Test Method for Cadmium in Water. September 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (xlii) ASTM D3590-11, Standard Test Methods for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water. April 2011. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (l) ASTM D4382-12, Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace. September 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (lii) ASTM D4658-09, Standard Test Method for Sulfide Ion in Water. May 2009. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (lv) ASTM D5257-11, Standard Test Method for Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in Water by Ion Chromatography. April 2011. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (lviii) ASTM D5673-10, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma--Mass Spectrometry. September 2010. Table IB.

   (lix) ASTM D5907-13, Standard Test Method for Filterable and Nonfilterable Matter in Water. July 2013. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (lxi) ASTM. D6508-10, Standard Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte. October 2010. Table IB, Note 54.

   * * * * *

   (lxvi) ASTM. D7284-13, Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection. July 2013. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (lxviii) ASTM. D7511-12, Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide by Segmented Flow Injection Analysis, In-Line Ultraviolet Digestion and Amperometric Detection. January 2012. Table IB.

   * * * * *

   (19) * * *

   * * * * *

   (vii) Method 10206, TNTplus 835-836 Nitrate Method, Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nitrate in Water and

   Page 8998

   Wastewater. Revision 2.1, January 10, 2013. Table IB, Note 75.

   (viii) Method 10242, TNTplus 880 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Method, Simplified Spectrophotometric Measurement of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water and Wastewater. Revision 1.1, January 10, 2013. Table IB, Note 75.

   * * * * *

   (20) * * *

   (i) Colilertsupreg. 2013. Table IA, Notes 17 and 18; Table IH, Notes 14, 15 and 16.

   (ii) Colilert-18supreg. 2013. Table IA, Notes 17 and 18; Table IH, Notes 14, 15 and 16.

   (iii) Enterolertsupreg. 2013. Table IA, Note 24; Table IH, Note 12.

   (iv) Quanti-Traysupreg. 2013. Table IA, Note 18; Table IH, Notes 14 and 16.

   * * * * *

   (25) National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvements, Inc. (NCASI), 260 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016.

   (i) NCASI Methods TNTP-W10900 as an Alternative Testing Procedure to EPA Method 351.2 and EPA Method 365.4. June 2011. Table IB, Note 77.

   (ii) NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 253, An Investigation of Improved Procedures for Measurement of Mill Effluent and Receiving Water Color. December 1971. Table IB, Note 18.

   (iii) NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 803, An Update of Procedures for the Measurement of Color in Pulp Mill Wastewaters. May 2000. Table IB, Note 18.

   (26) The Nitrate Elimination Co., Inc. (NECi), 334 Hecla St., Lake Linden NI 49945.

   (i) NECi Method N07-0003, Method for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-

   Nitrogen Analysis. Revision 9.0. March 2014. Table IB, Note 73.

   (ii) Reserved

   * * * * *

   (34) Timberline Instruments, LLC, 1880 South Flatiron Ct., Unit I, Boulder CO 80301.

   (i) Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Conductivity Cell Analysis. June 24, 2011. Table IB, Note 74.

   (ii) Reserved

   (35) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior, Reston, Virginia. Available from USGS Books and Open-File Reports (OFR) Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225.

   (i) Colorimetric determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, Book 5, Chapter B8. 2011. Table IB, Note 72.

   (ii) Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, editors, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1979. Table IB, Note 8.

   (iii) Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1989. Table IB, Note 2.

   (iv) Methods for the Determination of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments. Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3. 1987. Table IB, Note 24; Table ID, Note 4.

   (v) OFR 76-177, Selected Methods of the U.S. Geological Survey of Analysis of Wastewaters. 1976. Table IE, Note 2.

   (vi) OFR 91-519, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Organonitrogen Herbicides in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry With Selected-Ion Monitoring. 1992. Table ID, Note 14.

   (vii) OFR 92-146, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Total Phosphorus by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Colorimetric Finish That Includes Dialysis. 1992. Table IB, Note 48.

   (viii) OFR 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. Table IB, Note 51; Table IC, Note 9.

   (ix) OFR 93-449, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Chromium in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1993. Table IB, Note 46.

   (x) OFR 94-37, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Triazine and Other Nitrogen-containing Compounds by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen Phosphorus Detectors. 1994. Table ID, Note 9.

   (xi) OFR 95-181, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Pesticides in Water by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/

   Mass Spectrometry With Selected-Ion Monitoring. 1995. Table ID, Note 11.

   (xii) OFR 97-198, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Molybdenum in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1997. Table IB, Note 47.

   (xiii) OFR 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Elements in Whole-Water Digests Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 1998. Table IB, Note 50.

   (xiv) OFR 98-639, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Water and Sediment by Graphite Furnace--Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 1999. Table IB, Note 49.

   (xv) OFR 00-170, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Ammonium Plus Organic Nitrogen by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Photometric Finish that Includes Digest Cleanup by Gas Diffusion. 2000. Table IB, Note 45.

   (xvi) Techniques and Methods Book 5-B1, Determination of Elements in Natural-Water, Biota, Sediment and Soil Samples Using Collision/

   Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Chapter 1, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis. 2006. Table IB, Note 70.

   (xvii) U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4, Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. Table IA, Note 4; Table IH, Note 4.

   (xviii) Water-Resources Investigation Report 01-4098, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Moderate-Use Pesticides and Selected Degradates in Water by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. Table ID, Note 13.

   (xix) Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4132, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Organic Plus Inorganic Mercury in Filtered and Unfiltered Natural Water With Cold Vapor-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. 2001. Table IB, Note 71.

   (xx) Water-Resources Investigation Report 01-4134, Methods of Analysis by

   Page 8999

   the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--

   Determination of Pesticides in Water by Graphitized Carbon-Based Solid-

   Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. Table ID, Note 12.

   (xxi) Water Temperature--Influential Factors, Field Measurement and Data Presentation, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 1, Chapter D1. 1975. Table IB, Note 32.

   * * * * *

   (c) Under certain circumstances, the Director may establish limitations on the discharge of a parameter for which there is no test procedure in this part or in 40 CFR parts 405 through 499. In these instances the test procedure shall be specified by the Director.

   * * * * *

   (e) * * *

   Table II--Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Maximum holding time

   Parameter number/name Container \1\ Preservation 2 3 \4\

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Table IA--Bacterial Tests:

   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1-5. Coliform, total, fecal, and E. PA, G.................. Cool, 10 shel5

   shel6, reducing

   agent if oxidizer

   present.

   25. Fluoride......................... P...................... None required.......... 28 days.

   27. Hardness......................... P, FP, G............... HNO3 or H2SO4 to pH 9.

   67. Sulfite.......................... P, FP, G............... None required.......... Analyze within 15

   minutes.

   68. Surfactants...................... P, FP, G............... Cool, 0.2 to

   prevent rearrangement to benzidine.

   \13\ Extracts may be stored up to 30 days at 2 degC), installed in a hood using appropriate engineering controls to limit exposure to solvent vapors.

   5.2.5.2 Nitrogen evaporation device--Equipped with heated bath that can be maintained at an appropriate temperature for the solvent and analytes. (N-Evap, Organomation Associates, Inc., or equivalent)

   5.2.5.3 Rotary evaporator--Buchi/Brinkman-American Scientific or equivalent, equipped with a variable temperature water bath, vacuum source with shutoff valve at the evaporator, and vacuum gauge.

   5.2.5.2.1 A recirculating water pump and chiller are recommended, as use of tap water for cooling the evaporator wastes large volumes of water and can lead to inconsistent performance as water temperatures and pressures vary.

   5.2.5.2.2 Round-bottom flask--100-mL and 500-mL or larger, with ground-glass fitting compatible with the rotary evaporator

   Note: This equipment is used to prepare copper foil or copper powder for removing sulfur from sample extracts (see Section 6.7.4).

   5.2.5.4 Automated concentrator--Equipped with glassware sufficient to concentrate 3-400 mL extract to a final volume of 1-10 mL under controlled conditions of temperature and nitrogen flow (Turbovap, or equivalent). Follow manufacturer's directions and requirements.

   5.2.5.5 Boiling chips--Glass, silicon carbide, or equivalent, approximately 10/40 mesh. Heat at 400 degC for 30 minutes, or solvent rinse or Soxhlet extract with methylene chloride.

   5.2.5 Solid-phase extraction disks--90-mm extraction disks containing 2 g of 8-mum octadecyl (C18) bonded silica uniformly enmeshed in a matrix of inert PTFE fibrils (3M Emporesupreg or equivalent). The disks should not contain any organic compounds, either from the PTFE or the bonded silica, which will leach into the methylene chloride eluant. One liter of reagent water should pass through the disks in 2-5 minutes, using a vacuum of at least 25 inches of mercury.

   Note: Extraction disks from other manufacturers may be used in this procedure, provided that they use the same solid phase materials (i.e., octadecyl bonded silica). Disks of other diameters also may be used, but may adversely affect the flow rate of the sample through the disk.

   5.3 Vials

   5.3.1 Extract storage--10- to 15-mL, amber glass, with fluoropolymer-lined screw cap

   5.3.2 GC autosampler--1- to 5-mL, amber glass, with fluoropolymer-

   lined screw- or crimp-cap, to fit GC autosampler

   5.4 Balances

   5.4.1 Analytical--capable of accurately weighing 0.1 mg

   5.4.2 Top loading--capable of weighing 10 mg

   5.5 Sample cleanup

   5.5.1 Oven--For baking and storage of adsorbents, capable of maintaining a constant temperature ( 5 degC) in the range of 105-250 degC.

   5.5.2 Muffle furnace--Capable of cleaning glassware or baking sodium sulfate in the range of 400-450 degC.

   5.5.3 Vacuum system and cartridges for solid-phase cleanup (see Section 11.2)

   5.5.3.1 Vacuum system--Capable of achieving 0.1 bar (25 in.) Hg (house vacuum, vacuum pump, or water aspirator), equipped with shutoff valve and vacuum gauge

   5.5.3.2 VacElute Manifold (Analytichem International, or equivalent)

   5.5.3.3 Vacuum trap--Made from 500-mL sidearm flask fitted with single-hole rubber stopper and glass tubing

   5.5.3.4 Rack for holding 50-mL volumetric flasks in the manifold

   5.5.3.5 Cartridge--Mega Bond Elute, Non-polar, C18 Octadecyl, 10 g/

   60 mL (Analytichem International or equivalent), used for solid-phase cleanup of sample extracts (see Section 11.2)

   5.5.3.5.1 Cartridge certification--Each cartridge lot must be certified to ensure recovery of the analytes of interest and removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. To make the test mixture, add the trichlorophenol solution (Section 6.7.2.1) to the same standard used to prepare the Quality Control Check Sample (Section 6.8.3). Transfer the mixture to the column and dry the column. Pre-elute with three 10-mL portions of elution solvent, drying the column between elutions. Elute the cartridge with 10 mL each of methanol and water, as in Section 11.2.3.3.

   5.5.3.5.2 Concentrate the eluant to per Section 10.3.3, exchange to isooctane or hexane per Section 10.3.3, and inject 1.0 muL of the concentrated eluant into the GC using the procedure in Section 12. The recovery of all analytes (including the unresolved GC peaks) shall be within the ranges for calibration verification (Section 13.6 and Table 4), and the peak for trichlorophenol shall not be detectable; otherwise the SPE cartridge is not performing properly and the cartridge lot shall be rejected.

   5.5.4 Sulfur removal tube--40- to 50-mL bottle, test tube, or Erlenmeyer flask with fluoropolymer-lined screw cap

   5.6 Centrifuge apparatus

   5.6.1 Centrifuge--Capable of rotating 500-mL centrifuge bottles or 15-mL centrifuge tubes at 5,000 rpm minimum

   5.6.2 Centrifuge bottle--500-mL, with screw cap, to fit centrifuge

   5.6.3 Centrifuge tube--15-mL, with screw cap, to fit centrifuge

   5.7 Miscellaneous lab ware--graduated cylinders, pipettes, beakers, volumetric flasks, vials, syringes, and other lab ware necessary to support the operations in this method

   5.8 Gas chromatograph--Dual-column with simultaneous split/

   splitless, temperature programmable split/splitless (PTV), or on-column injection; temperature program with isothermal holds, and all required accessories including syringes, analytical columns, gases, and detectors. An autosampler is highly recommended because it injects volumes more reproducibly than manual injection techniques. Alternatively, two separate single-column gas chromatographic systems may be employed.

   5.8.1 Example columns and operating conditions

   5.8.1.1 DB-608 (or equivalent), 30-m long x 0.53-mm ID fused-silica capillary, 0.83-mum film thickness.

   5.8.1.2 DB-1701 (or equivalent), 30-m long x 0.53-mm ID fused-

   silica capillary, 1.0-mum film thickness.

   5.8.1.3 Suggested operating conditions used to meet the retention times shown in Table 3 are:

   Carrier gas flow rate: approximately 7 mL/min

   Page 9007

   Initial temperature: 150 degC for 0.5 minute,

   Temperature program: 150-270 degC at 5 degC/min, and

   Final temperature: 270 degC, until trans-Permethrin elutes

   Note: Other columns, internal diameters, film thicknesses, and operating conditions may be used, provided that the performance requirements in this method are met. However, the column pair chosen must have dissimilar phases/chemical properties in order to separate the compounds of interest in different retention time order. Columns that only differ in the length, ID, or film thickness, but use the same stationary phase do not qualify as ``dissimilar.''

   5.8.2 Carrier gas--Helium or hydrogen. Data in the tables in this method were obtained using helium carrier gas. If hydrogen is used, analytical conditions may need to be adjusted for optimum performance, and calibration and all QC tests must be performed with hydrogen carrier gas. See Section 4.3 for precautions regarding the use of hydrogen as a carrier gas.

   5.8.3 Detector--Halogen-specific detector (electron capture detector (ECD), electrolytic conductivity detector (ELCD), or equivalent). The ECD has proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for the analytes listed in Tables 1 and 2, and was used to develop the method performance data in Section 17 and Tables 4 and 5.

   5.8.4 Data system--A computer system must be interfaced to the GC that allows continuous acquisition and storage of data from the detectors throughout the chromatographic program. The computer must have software that allows searching GC data for specific analytes, and for plotting responses versus time. Software must also be available that allows integrating peak areas or peak heights in selected retention time windows and calculating concentrations of the analytes.

   6. Reagents and Standards

   6.1 pH adjustment

   6.1.1 Sodium hydroxide solutions

   6.1.1.1 Concentrated (10 M)--Dissolve 40 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 100 mL.

   6.1.1.2 Dilute (1 M)--Dissolve 40 g NaOH in 1 L of reagent water.

   6.1.2 Sulfuric acid (1 + 1)--Slowly add 50 mL of H2SO4 (ACS, sp. gr. 1.84) to 50 mL of reagent water.

   6.1.3 Hydrochloric acid--Reagent grade, 6 N

   6.2 Sodium thiosulfate--(ACS) granular.

   6.3 Sodium sulfate--Sodium sulfate, reagent grade, granular anhydrous (Baker or equivalent), rinsed with methylene chloride (20 mL/

   g), baked in a shallow tray at 450 degC for 1 hour minimum, cooled in a desiccator, and stored in a pre-cleaned glass bottle with screw cap which prevents moisture from entering. If, after heating, the sodium sulfate develops a noticeable grayish cast (due to the presence of carbon in the crystal matrix), that batch of reagent is not suitable for use and should be discarded. Extraction with methylene chloride (as opposed to simple rinsing) and baking at a lower temperature may produce sodium sulfate suitable for use.

   6.4 Reagent water--Reagent water is defined as water in which the analytes of interest and interfering compounds are not observed at the MDLs of the analytes in this method.

   6.5 Solvents--methylene chloride, acetone, methanol, hexane, acetonitrile, and isooctane, high purity pesticide quality, or equivalent, demonstrated to be free of the analytes and interferences (Section 3). Purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be required.

   Note: The standards and final sample extracts must be prepared in the same final solvent.

   6.6 Ethyl ether--Nanograde, redistilled in glass if necessary

   Ethyl ether must be shown to be free of peroxides before use, as indicated by EM Laboratories Quant test strips (available from Scientific Products Co. and other suppliers). Procedures recommended for removal of peroxides are provided with the test strips. After removal of peroxides, add 20 mL of ethyl alcohol preservative to each liter of ether.

   6.7 Materials for sample cleanup

   6.7.1 Florisilsupreg--PR grade (60/100 mesh), activated at 650--

   700 degC, stored in the dark in a glass container with fluoropolymer-

   lined screw cap. Activate each batch immediately prior to use for 16 hours minimum at 130 degC in a foil-covered glass container and allow to cool. Alternatively, 500 mg cartridges (J.T. Baker, or equivalent) may be used.

   6.7.2 Solutions for solid-phase cleanup

   6.7.2.1 SPE cartridge calibration solution--2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 0.1 mug/mL in acetone.

   6.7.2.2 SPE elution solvent--methylene chloride:acetonitrile:hexane (50:3:47).

   6.7.3 Alumina, neutral, Brockman Activity I, 80-200 mesh (Fisher Scientific certified, or equivalent). Heat in a glass bottle for 16 hours at 400 to 450 degC. Seal and cool to room temperature. Add 7% (w/w) reagent water and mix for 10 to 12 hours. Keep bottle tightly sealed.

   6.7.4 Sulfur removal

   6.7.4.1 Copper foil or powder--Fisher, Alfa Aesar, or equivalent. Cut copper foil into approximately 1-cm squares. Copper must be activated on each day it will be used, as described below.

   6.7.4.1.1 Place the quantity of copper needed for sulfur removal (Section 11.5.1.3) in a ground-glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask or bottle. Cover the foil or powder with methanol.

   6.7.4.1.2 Add HCl dropwise (0.5--1.0 mL) while swirling, until the copper brightens.

   6.7.4.1.3 Pour off the methanol/HCl and rinse 3 times with reagent water to remove all traces of acid, then 3 times with acetone, then 3 times with hexane.

   6.7.4.1.4 For copper foil, cover with hexane after the final rinse. Store in a stoppered flask under nitrogen until used. For the powder, dry on a rotary evaporator. Store in a stoppered flask under nitrogen until used.

   6.7.4.2 Tetrabutylammonium sulfite (TBA sulfite)

   6.7.4.2.1 Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, CH3(CH2)34NHSO4

   6.7.4.2.2 Sodium sulfite, Na2SO3

   6.7.4.2.3 Dissolve approximately 3 g tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 100 mL of reagent water in an amber bottle with fluoropolymer-lined screw cap. Extract with three 20-mL portions of hexane and discard the hexane extracts.

   6.7.4.2.4 Add 25 g sodium sulfite to produce a saturated solution. Store at room temperature. Replace after 1 month.

   6.8 Standard solutions--Purchase as solutions or mixtures with certification to their purity, concentration, and authenticity, or prepare from materials of known purity and composition. If compound purity is 96% or greater, the weight may be used without correction to compute the concentration of the standard. Store neat standards or single analyte standards in the dark at -20 to -10 degC in screw-cap vials with fluoropolymer-lined caps. Store multi-analyte standards at 4 degC or per manufacturer's recommendations. Place a mark on the vial at the level of the solution so that solvent evaporation loss can be detected. Bring the vial to room temperature prior to use to re-

   dissolve any precipitate.

   6.8.1 Stock standard solutions--Standard solutions may be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions. Traceability must be to a national standard, when available. Except as noted below for solutions spiked into samples, prepare stock standards in isooctane or hexane. Observe the safety

   Page 9008

   precautions in Section 4. The following procedure may be used to prepare standards from neat materials.

   6.8.1.1 Dissolve an appropriate amount of assayed reference material in solvent. For example, weigh 10 mg of aldrin in a 10-mL ground-glass-stoppered volumetric flask and fill to the mark with isooctane or hexane. Larger volumes may be used at the convenience of the laboratory. After the aldrin is completely dissolved, transfer the solution to a 15-mL vial with fluoropolymer-lined cap.

   6.8.1.2 Check for signs of degradation prior to preparation of calibration or performance-test standards.

   6.8.1.3 Replace stock solutions after 12 months, or sooner if comparison with quality control check standards indicates a change in concentration.

   6.8.2 Calibration solutions--It is necessary to prepare calibration solutions for the analytes of interest (Section 1.4) only using an appropriate solvent (isooctane or hexane may be used). Whatever solvent is used, both the calibration standards and the final sample extracts must use the same solvent. Other analytes may be included as desired.

   6.8.2.1 Prepare calibration standards for the single-component analytes of interest and surrogates at a minimum of three concentration levels (five are suggested) by adding appropriate volumes of one or more stock standards to volumetric flasks. One of the calibration standards should be at a concentration of the analyte near the ML in Table 1 or 2. The ML value may be rounded to a whole number that is more convenient for preparing the standard, but must not exceed the ML values listed in Tables 1 or 2 for those analytes which list ML values. Alternatively, the laboratory may establish the ML for each analyte based on the concentration of the lowest calibration standard in a series of standards obtained from a commercial vendor, again, provided that the ML values does not exceed the MLs in Table 1 and 2, and provided that the resulting calibration meets the acceptance criteria in Section 7.5.2. based on the RSD, RSE, or R\2\.

   The other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the GC system. A minimum of six concentration levels is required for a second order, non-linear (e.g., quadratic; ax\2\ + bx + c) calibration. Calibrations higher than second order are not allowed.

   Given the number of analytes included in this method, it is highly likely that some will coelute on one or both of the GC columns used for the analysis. Therefore, divide the analytes two or more groups and prepare separate calibration standards for each group, at multiple concentrations (e.g., a five-point calibration will require ten solutions to cover two groups of analytes).

   Note: Many commercially available standards are divided into separate mixtures to address this issue.

   The other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the GC system. A separate standard near the MDL may be analyzed as a check on sensitivity, but should not be included in the linearity assessment. A minimum of six concentration levels is required for a non-linear (e.g., quadratic) calibration (Section 7.5.2 or 7.6.2). The solvent for the standards must match the final solvent for the sample extracts (e.g., isooctane or hexane).

   Note: The option for non-linear calibration may be necessary to address specific instrumental techniques. However, it is not EPA's intent to allow non-linear calibration to be used to compensate for detector saturation or to avoid proper instrument maintenance.

   6.8.2.2 Multi-component analytes (e.g., PCBs as Aroclors, and Toxaphene)

   6.8.2.2.1 A standard containing a mixture of Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1260 will include many of the peaks represented in the other Aroclor mixtures. As a result, a multi-point initial calibration employing a mixture of Aroclors 1016 and 1260 at three to five concentrations should be sufficient to demonstrate the linearity of the detector response without the necessity of performing multi-point initial calibrations for each of the seven Aroclors. In addition, such a mixture can be used as a standard to demonstrate that a sample does not contain peaks that represent any one of the Aroclors. This standard can also be used to determine the concentrations of either Aroclor 1016 or Aroclor 1260, should they be present in a sample.

   Therefore, prepare a minimum of three calibration standards containing equal concentrations of both Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1260 by dilution of the stock standard with isooctane or hexane. The concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples and should bracket the linear range of the detector.

   6.8.2.2.2 Single standards of each of the other five Aroclors are required to aid the analyst in pattern recognition. Assuming that the Aroclor 1016/1260 standards described in Section 6.8.2.2.1 have been used to demonstrate the linearity of the detector, these single standards of the remaining five Aroclors also may be used to determine the calibration factor for each Aroclor. Prepare a standard for each of the other Aroclors. The concentrations should generally correspond to the mid-point of the linear range of the detector, but lower concentrations may be employed at the discretion of the analyst based on project requirements.

   6.8.2.2.3 For Toxaphene, prepare a minimum of three calibration standards containing Toxaphene by dilution of the stock standard with isooctane or hexane. The concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples and should bracket the linear range of the detector.

   6.8.3 Quality Control (QC) Check Sample--Also known as the Laboratory Control Sample (LCS). Prepare a mid-level standard mixture in acetone (or water miscible solvent) from a stock solution from the same source as the calibration standards. This standard will be used to generate extracts to evaluate the capability of the laboratory.

   6.8.4 Second Source Standard--Obtain standards from a second source (different manufacturer or different certified lot), and prepare a mid-

   level standard mixture in isooctane or hexane. This standard will be analyzed with the calibration curve to verify the accuracy of the calibration.

   6.8.5 Internal standard solution--If the internal standard calibration technique is to be used, prepare pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) at a concentration of 10 mug/mL in ethyl acetate. Alternative and multiple internal standards; e.g., tetrachloro-m-xylene, 4,4'-

   dibromobiphenyl, and/or decachlorobiphenyl may be used provided that the laboratory performs all QC tests and meets all QC acceptance criteria with the alternate or additional internal standard(s) as an integral part of this method.

   6.8.6 Surrogate solution--Prepare a solution containing one or more surrogates at a concentration of 2 mug/mL in acetone. Potential surrogates include: Dibutyl chlorendate (DBC), tetrachloro-m-xylene (TCMX), 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl, or decachlorobiphenyl provided that the laboratory performs all QC tests and meets all QC acceptance criteria with the alternative surrogate(s) as an integral part of this method. If the internal standard calibration technique is used, do not use the internal standard as a surrogate.

   Page 9009

   6.8.7 DDT and endrin decomposition (breakdown) solution--Prepare a solution containing endrin at a concentration of 1 mug/mL and 4,4'-

   DDT at a concentration of 2 mug/mL, in isooctane or hexane.

   6.8.8 Quality control check sample (laboratory control sample; LCS) concentrate--See Sections 8.2.1 and 8.4.

   6.8.9 Stability of solutions--Analyze all standard solutions (Sections 6.8.1 through 6.8.8) within 48 hours of preparation. Replace purchased certified stock standard solutions per the expiration date. Replace stock standard solutions prepared by the laboratory or mixed with purchased solutions after one year, or sooner if comparison with QC check samples indicates a problem.

   7. Calibration

   7.1 Establish gas chromatographic operating conditions equivalent to those in Section 5.8.1 and Footnote 2 to Table 3. Alternative temperature program and flow rate conditions may be used. The system may be calibrated using the external standard technique (Section 7.5) or the internal standard technique (Section 7.6). It is necessary to calibrate the system for the analytes of interest (Section 1.4) only.

   7.2 Separately inject the mid-level calibration standard for each calibration mixture. Store the retention time on each GC column.

   7.3 Demonstrate that each column/detector system meets the MDLs in Table 3 or demonstrates sufficient sensitivity for the intended application and passes the DDT/endrin decomposition test (Section 13.5).

   7.4 Injection of calibration solutions--Inject a constant volume in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 muL of each calibration solution into the GC column/detector pairs. Beginning with the lowest level mixture and proceeding to the highest level mixture may limit the risk of carryover from one standard to the next, but other sequences may be used. A blank sample should be analyzed after the highest standard to demonstrate that there is no carry-over within the system for this calibration range. For each analyte, compute, record, and store, as a function of the concentration injected, the retention time and peak area on each column/detector system. If multi-component analytes are to be analyzed, store the retention time and peak area for the three to five exclusive (unique large) peaks for each PCB or technical chlordane. Use four to six peaks for toxaphene.

   7.5 External standard calibration

   7.5.1 From the calibration data (Section 7.4), calculate the calibration factor (CF) for each analyte at each concentration according to the following equation:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.000

   where:

   Cs = Concentration of the analyte in the standard (ng/mL)

   As = Peak height or area

   For multi-component analytes, choose a series of characteristic peaks for each analyte (3 to 5 for each Aroclor, 4 to 6 for toxaphene) and calculate individual calibration factors for each peak. Alternatively, for toxaphene, sum the areas of all of the peaks in the standard chromatogram and use the summed area to determine the calibration factor. (If this alternative is used, the same approach must be used to quantitate the analyte in the samples.)

   7.5.2 Calculate the mean (average) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the calibration factors. If the RSD is less than 20%, linearity through the origin can be assumed and the average CF can be used for calculations. Alternatively, the results can be used to fit a linear or quadratic regression of response ratios, As/

   Ais, vs. concentration ratios Cs/Cis. If used, the regression must be weighted inversely proportional to concentration. The coefficient of determination (R \2\) of the weighted regression must be greater than 0.99. Alternatively, the relative standard error (Reference 10) may be used as an acceptance criterion. As with the RSD, the RSE must be less than 20%. If an RSE less than 20% cannot be achieved for a quadratic regression, system performance is unacceptable and the system must be adjusted and re-calibrated.

   Note: Regression calculations are not included in this method because the calculations are cumbersome and because many GC/ECD data systems allow selection of weighted regression for calibration and calculation of analyte concentrations.

   7.6 Internal standard calibration

   7.6.1 From the calibration data (Section 7.4), calculate the response factor (RF) for each analyte at each concentration according to the following equation:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.001

   where:

   As = Response for the analyte to be measured.

   Ais = Response for the internal standard.

   Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (ng/mL)

   Cs = Concentration of the analyte to be measured (ng/mL).

   7.6.2 Calculate the mean (average) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the response factors. If the RSD is less than 15%, linearity through the origin can be assumed and the average RF can be used for calculations. Alternatively, the results can be used to prepare a calibration curve of response ratios, As/Ais, vs. concentration ratios, Cs/Cis, for the analyte. A minimum of six concentration levels is required for a non-linear (e.g., quadratic) regression. If used, the regression must be weighted inversely proportional to concentration, and the correlation coefficient of the weighted regression must be greater than 0.99. The relative standard error (Reference 11) may also be used as an acceptance criterion. As with the RSD, the RSE must be less than 15%. If an RSE less than 15% cannot be achieved for a quadratic regression, system performance is unacceptable and the system must be adjusted and re-calibrated.

   7.7 Second source standard--After the calibration curves are analyzed, analyze a second source standard at the mid-level concentration. This standard confirms the accuracy of the calibration curve. The concentrations must be within 20% difference of the true value. If the observed concentration exceeds this criteria, a third source may be analyzed to determine which standard was not accurate, and subsequent corrective actions taken.

   7.8 The working calibration curve, CF, or RF must be verified at the beginning and end of each 24-hour shift by the analysis of a mid-

   level calibration standard or the combined QC standard (Section 6.8.2.1.3). Requirements for calibration verification are given in Section 13.6 and Table 4. Alternatively, calibration verification may be performed after a set number of injections (e.g., every 20 injections), to include injection of extracts of field samples, QC samples, instrument blanks, etc. (i.e., it is based on the number of injections performed, not sample extracts).

   Note: The 24-hour shift begins after analysis of the combined QC standard (calibration verification) and ends 24 hours later. The ending calibration verification standard is run immediately after the last sample run during the 24-hour shift, so the beginning and ending calibration verifications are outside of the 24-hour shift. If calibration verification is based on the number of injections instead of time, then the ending verification standard for one group of 20 injections may be used as the beginning

   Page 9010

   verification for the next group of 20 injections.

   7.9 Florisilsupreg calibration--The column cleanup procedure in Section 11.3 utilizes Florisil column chromatography. Florisilsupreg from different batches or sources may vary in adsorptive capacity. To standardize the amount of Florisilsupreg which is used, use of the lauric acid value (Reference 11) is suggested. The referenced procedure determines the adsorption from a hexane solution of lauric acid (mg) per g of Florisilsupreg. The amount of Florisilsupreg to be used for each column is calculated by dividing 110 by this ratio and multiplying by 20 g. If cartridges containing Florisilsupreg are used, then this step is not necessary.

   8. Quality Control

   8.1 Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality assurance program. The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and ongoing analysis of spiked samples and blanks to evaluate and document data quality. The laboratory must maintain records to document the quality of data generated. Ongoing data quality checks are compared with established performance criteria to determine if the results of analyses meet performance requirements of this method. A quality control check standard (LCS, Section 8.4) must be prepared and analyzed with each batch of samples to confirm that the measurements were performed in an in-control mode of operation. A laboratory may develop its own performance criteria (as QC acceptance criteria), provided such criteria are as or more restrictive than the criteria in this method.

   8.1.1 The laboratory must make an initial demonstration of the capability (IDC) to generate acceptable precision and recovery with this method. This demonstration is detailed in Section 8.2. On a continuing basis, the laboratory should repeat demonstration of capability (DOC) annually.

   8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, and to overcome matrix interferences, the laboratory is permitted certain options (Section 1.8 and 40 CFR 136.6(b) Reference 12) to improve separations or lower the costs of measurements. These options may include alternative extraction (e.g., other solid-phase extraction materials and formats), concentration, and cleanup procedures, and changes in GC columns (Reference 12). Alternative determinative techniques, such as the substitution of spectroscopic or immunoassay techniques, and changes that degrade method performance, are not allowed. If an analytical technique other than the techniques specified in this method is used, that technique must have a specificity equal to or greater than the specificity of the techniques in this method for the analytes of interest. The laboratory is also encouraged to participate in performance evaluation studies (see Section 8.8).

   8.1.2.1 Each time a modification listed above is made to this method, the laboratory is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2. If the detection limit of the method will be affected by the change, the laboratory is required to demonstrate that the MDLs (40 CFR part 136, appendix B) are lower than one-third the regulatory compliance limit or as low as the MDLs in this method, whichever are greater. If calibration will be affected by the change, the instrument must be recalibrated per Section 7. Once the modification is demonstrated to produce results equivalent or superior to results produced by this method as written, that modification may be used routinely thereafter, so long as the other requirements in this method are met (e.g., matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate recovery and relative percent difference).

   8.1.2.1.1 If an allowed method modification, is to be applied to a specific discharge, the laboratory must prepare and analyze matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples (Section 8.3) and LCS samples (Section 8.4). The laboratory must include surrogates (Section 8.7) in each of the samples. The MS/MSD and LCS samples must be fortified with the analytes of interest (Section 1.4). If the modification is for nationwide use, MS/MSD samples must be prepared from a minimum of nine different discharges (See Section 8.1.2.1.2), and all QC acceptance criteria in this method must be met. This evaluation only needs to be performed once other than for the routine QC required by this method (for example it could be performed by the vendor of an alternate material) but any laboratory using that specific material must have the results of the study available. This includes a full data package with the raw data that will allow an independent reviewer to verify each determination and calculation performed by the laboratory (see Section 8.1.2.2.5, items a-q).

   8.1.2.1.2 Sample matrices on which MS/MSD tests must be performed for nationwide use of an allowed modification:

   (a) Effluent from a POTW

   (b) ASTM D5905 Standard Specification for Substitute Wastewater

   (c) Sewage sludge, if sewage sludge will be in the permit

   (d) ASTM D1141 Standard Specification for Substitute Ocean Water, if ocean water will be in the permit

   (e) Untreated and treated wastewaters up to a total of nine matrix types (see http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/guide/industry.cfm) for a list of industrial categories with existing effluent guidelines).

   At least one of the above wastewater matrix types must have at least one of the following characteristics:

   (i) Total suspended solids greater than 40 mg/L

   (ii) Total dissolved solids greater than 100 mg/L

   (iii) Oil and grease greater than 20 mg/L

   (iv) NaCl greater than 120 mg/L

   (v) CaCO3 greater than 140 mg/L

   The interim acceptance criteria for MS, MSD recoveries that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 5, and recoveries for surrogates that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 8, must be no wider than 60-140%, and the relative percent difference (RPD) of the concentrations in the MS and MSD that do not have RPD limits specified in Table 5 must be less than 30%. Alternatively, the laboratory may use the laboratory's in-house limits if they are tighter.

   (f) A proficiency testing (PT) sample from a recognized provider, in addition to tests of the nine matrices (Section 8.1.2.1.1).

   8.1.2.2 The laboratory must maintain records of modifications made to this method. These records include the following, at a minimum:

   8.1.2.2.1 The names, titles, street addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses of the analyst(s) that performed the analyses and modification, and of the quality control officer that witnessed and will verify the analyses and modifications.

   8.1.2.2.2 A list of analytes, by name and CAS Registry number.

   8.1.2.2.3 A narrative stating reason(s) for the modifications.

   8.1.2.2.4 Results from all quality control (QC) tests comparing the modified method to this method, including:

   (a) Calibration (Section 7).

   (b) Calibration verification (Section 13.6).

   (c) Initial demonstration of capability (Section 8.2).

   (d) Analysis of blanks (Section 8.5).

   (e) Matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate analysis (Section 8.3).

   Page 9011

   (f) Laboratory control sample analysis (Section 8.4).

   8.1.2.2.5 Data that will allow an independent reviewer to validate each determination by tracing the instrument output (peak height, area, or other signal) to the final result. These data are to include:

   (a) Sample numbers and other identifiers.

   (b) Extraction dates.

   (c) Analysis dates and times.

   (d) Analysis sequence/run chronology.

   (e) Sample weight or volume (Section 10).

   (f) Extract volume prior to each cleanup step (Sections 10 and 11).

   (g) Extract volume after each cleanup step (Section 11).

   (h) Final extract volume prior to injection (Sections 10 and 12).

   (i) Injection volume (Sections 12.3 and 13.2).

   (j) Sample or extract dilution (Section 15.4).

   (k) Instrument and operating conditions.

   (l) Column (dimensions, material, etc).

   (m) Operating conditions (temperatures, flow rates, etc).

   (n) Detector (type, operating conditions, etc).

   (o) Chromatograms and other recordings of raw data.

   (p) Quantitation reports, data system outputs, and other data to link the raw data to the results reported.

   (q) A written Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

   8.1.2.2.6 Each individual laboratory wishing to use a given modification must perform the start-up tests in Section 8.1.2 (e.g., DOC, MDL), with the modification as an integral part of this method prior to applying the modification to specific discharges. Results of the DOC must meet the QC acceptance criteria in Table 5 for the analytes of interest (Section 1.4), and the MDLs must be equal to or lower than the MDLs in Table 3 for the analytes of interest.

   8.1.3 Before analyzing samples, the laboratory must analyze a blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system, lab ware, and reagents, are under control. Each time a batch of samples is extracted or reagents are changed, a blank must be extracted and analyzed as a safeguard against laboratory contamination. Requirements for the blank are given in Section 8.5.

   8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 5% of all samples in a batch (Section 22.2) or from a given site or discharge, in duplicate, to monitor and evaluate method and laboratory performance on the sample matrix. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

   8.1.5 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through analysis of a quality control check sample (laboratory control sample, LCS; on-going precision and recovery sample, OPR) that the measurement system is in control. This procedure is described in Section 8.4.

   8.1.6 The laboratory should maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is given in Section 8.7.

   8.1.7 The large number of analytes tested in performance tests in this method present a substantial probability that one or more will fail acceptance criteria when all analytes are tested simultaneously, and a re-test (reanalysis) is allowed if this situation should occur. If, however, continued re-testing results in further repeated failures, the laboratory should document the failures and either avoid reporting results for the analytes that failed or report the problem and failures with the data. A QC failure does not relieve a discharger or permittee of reporting timely results.

   8.2 Demonstration of capability (DOC)--To establish the ability to generate acceptable recovery and precision, the laboratory must perform the DOC in Sections 8.2.1 through 8.2.6 for the analytes of interest initially and in an on-going manner at least annually. The laboratory must also establish MDLs for the analytes of interest using the MDL procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B. The laboratory's MDLs must be equal to or lower than those listed in Table 3 or lower than one-third the regulatory compliance limit, whichever is greater. For MDLs not listed in Tables 1 or 2, the laboratory must determine the MDLs using the MDL procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B under the same conditions used to determine the MDLs for the analytes listed in Tables 1 and 2. All procedures used in the analysis, including cleanup procedures, must be included in the DOC.

   8.2.1 For the DOC, a QC check sample concentrate containing each analyte of interest (Section 1.4) is prepared in a water-miscible solvent using the solution in Section 6.8.3. The QC check sample concentrate must be prepared independently from those used for calibration, but should be from the same source and prepared in a water-miscible solvent. The concentrate should produce concentrations of the analytes of interest in water at or below the mid-point of the calibration range. Multiple solutions may be required.

   Note: QC check sample concentrates are no longer available from EPA.

   8.2.2 Using a pipet or syringe, prepare four QC check samples by adding an appropriate volume of the concentrate and of the surrogate(s) to each of four 1-L aliquots of reagent water. Swirl or stir to mix.

   8.2.3 Extract and analyze the well-mixed QC check samples according to the method beginning in Section 10.

   8.2.4 Calculate the average percent recovery (XX) and the standard deviation (s) of the percent recovery for each analyte using the four results.

   8.2.5 For each analyte, compare s and XX with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and recovery in Table 4. For analytes in Table 2 that are not listed in Table 4, QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 12 and 13). If s and XX for all analytes of interest meet the acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples can begin. If any individuals exceeds the precision limit or any individual XX falls outside the range for recovery, system performance is unacceptable for that analyte.

   Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1 and 2 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail at least one of the acceptance criteria when many or all analytes are determined simultaneously.

   8.2.6 When one or more of the analytes tested fail at least one of the acceptance criteria, repeat the test for only the analytes that failed. If results for these analytes pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of samples and blanks may proceed. If one or more of the analytes again fail, system performance is unacceptable for the analytes that failed the acceptance criteria. Correct the problem and repeat the test (Section 8.2). See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of repeated failures.

   Note: To maintain the validity of the test and re-test, system maintenance and/or adjustment is not permitted between this pair of tests.

   8.3 Matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD)--The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike at least 5% of the samples in duplicate from each sample site being monitored to assess accuracy (recovery and precision). The data user should identify the sample and the analytes of interest (Section 1.4) to be spiked. If direction cannot be obtained, the laboratory must spike at least one

   Page 9012

   sample in duplicate per extraction batch of up to 20 samples (Section 22.2) with the analytes in Table 1. Spiked sample results should be reported only to the data user whose sample was spiked, or as requested or required by a regulatory/control authority.

   8.3.1. If, as in compliance monitoring, the concentration of a specific analyte will be checked against a regulatory concentration limit, the concentration of the spike should be at that limit; otherwise, the concentration of the spike should be one to five times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, at or near the midpoint of the calibration range, or at the concentration in the LCS (Section 8.4) whichever concentration would be larger. When no information is available, the mid-point of the calibration may be used, as long as it is the same or less than the regulatory limit.

   8.3.2 Analyze one sample aliquot to determine the background concentration (B) of the each analyte of interest. If necessary to meet the requirement in Section 8.3.1, prepare a new check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) appropriate for the background concentration. Spike and analyze two additional sample aliquots of the same volume as the original sample, and determine the concentrations after spiking (A1 and A2) of each analyte. Calculate the percent recoveries (P1 and P2) as:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.002

   where T is the known true value of the spike.

   Also calculate the relative percent difference (RPD) between the concentrations (A1 and A2):

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.003

   8.3.3 Compare the percent recoveries (P1 and P2) and the RPD for each analyte in the MS/MSD aliquots with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria for recovery (P) and RPD in Table 4.

   If any individual P falls outside the designated range for recovery in either aliquot, or the RPD limit is exceeded, the result for the analyte in the unspiked sample is suspect and may not be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance. See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of failures.

   For analytes in Table 2 not listed in Table 5, QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 12 and 13).

   8.3.4 After analysis of a minimum of 20 MS/MSD samples for each target analyte and surrogate, the laboratory must calculate and apply in-house QC limits for recovery and RPD of future MS/MSD samples (Section 8.3). The QC limits for recovery are calculated as the mean observed recovery 3 standard deviations, and the upper QC limit for RPD is calculated as the mean RPD plus 3 standard deviations of the RPDs. The in-house QC limits must be updated at least every two years and re-established after any major change in the analytical instrumentation or process. At least 80% of the analytes tested in the MS/MSD must have in-house QC acceptance criteria that are tighter than those in Table 4. If an in-house QC limit for the RPD is greater than the limit in Table 4, then the limit in Table 4 must be used. Similarly, if an in-house lower limit for recovery is below the lower limit in Table 4, then the lower limit in Table 4 must be used, and if an in-house upper limit for recovery is above the upper limit in Table 4, then the upper limit in Table 4 must be used. The laboratory must evaluate surrogate recovery data in each sample against its in-house surrogate recovery limits. The laboratory may use 60-140% as interim acceptance criteria for surrogate recoveries until in-house limits are developed.

   8.4 Laboratory control sample (LCS)--A QC check sample (laboratory control sample, LCS; on-going precision and recovery sample, OPR) containing each single-component analyte of interest (Section 1.4) must be extracted, concentrated, and analyzed with each extraction batch of up to 20 samples (Section 3.1) to demonstrate acceptable recovery of the analytes of interest from a clean sample matrix. If multi-peak analytes are required, extract and prepare at least one as an LCS for each batch. Alternatively, the laboratory may set up a program where multi-peak LCS is rotated with a single-peak LCS.

   8.4.1 Prepare the LCS by adding QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) to reagent water. Include all analytes of interest (Section 1.4) in the LCS. The volume of reagent water must be the same as the nominal volume used for the sample, the DOC (Section 8.2), the blank (Section 8.5), and the MS/MSD (Section 8.3). Also add a volume of the surrogate solution (Section 6.8.6).

   8.4.2 Analyze the LCS prior to analysis of samples in the extraction batch (Section 3.1). Determine the concentration (A) of each analyte. Calculate the percent recovery as:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.004

   where T is the true value of the concentration in the LCS.

   8.4.3 For each analyte, compare the percent recovery (P) with its corresponding QC acceptance criterion in Table 4. For analytes of interest in Table 2 not listed in Table 4, use the QC acceptance criteria developed for the MS/MSD (Section 8.3.3.2). If the recoveries for all analytes of interest fall within the designated ranges, analysis of blanks and field samples may proceed. If any individual recovery falls outside the range, proceed according to Section 8.4.4.

   Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1 and 2 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail the acceptance criteria when all analytes are tested simultaneously. Because a re-

   test is allowed in event of failure (Sections 8.1.7 and 8.4.4), it may be prudent to extract and analyze two LCSs together and evaluate results of the second analysis against the QC acceptance criteria only if an analyte fails the first test.

   8.4.4 Repeat the test only for those analytes that failed to meet the acceptance criteria (P). If these analytes now pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples may proceed. Repeated failure, however, will confirm a general problem with the measurement system. If this occurs, repeat the test using a fresh LCS (Section 8.2.1) or an LCS prepared with a fresh QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1), or perform and document system repair. Subsequent to repair, repeat the LCS test (Section 8.4). See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of repeated failures.

   8.4.5 After analysis of 20 LCS samples, the laboratory must calculate and apply in-house QC limits for recovery to future LCS samples (Section 8.4). Limits for recovery in the LCS are calculated as the mean recovery 3 standard deviations. A minimum of 80% of the analytes tested for in the LCS must have QC acceptance criteria tighter than those in Table 4. As noted in Section 8.6, each laboratory must develop QC acceptance criteria for the surrogates they employ. The laboratory should use 60-140% as interim acceptance criteria for recoveries of spiked analytes and surrogates until in-house LCS and surrogate limits are developed. If an in-house lower limit for LCS recovery is lower than the lower limit in Table 4, the lower limit in Table 4 must be used, and if an in-house upper limit for recovery is higher than the upper limit in Table 4, the upper limit in Table 4 must be used.

   Page 9013

   8.5 Blank--Extract and analyze a blank with each extraction batch (Section 22.2) to demonstrate that the reagents and equipment used for preparation and analysis are free from contamination.

   8.5.1 Prepare the blank from reagent water and spike it with the surrogates. The volume of reagent water must be the same as the volume used for samples, the DOC (Section 8.2), the LCS (Section 8.4), and the MS/MSD (Section 8.3). Extract, concentrate, and analyze the blank using the same procedures and reagents used for the samples, LCS, and MS/MSD in the batch. Analyze the blank immediately after analysis of the LCS (Section 8.4) and prior to analysis of the MS/MSD and samples to demonstrate freedom from contamination.

   8.5.2 If any analyte of interest is found in the blank at a concentration greater than the MDL for the analyte, at a concentration greater than one-third the regulatory compliance limit, or at a concentration greater than one-tenth the concentration in a sample in the batch (Section 3.1), whichever is greatest, analysis of samples must be halted and samples in the batch must be re-extracted and the extracts reanalyzed. Samples in a batch must be associated with an uncontaminated blank before the results for those samples may be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes. If re-testing of blanks results in repeated failures, the laboratory should document the failures and report the problem and failures with the data.

   8.6 Surrogate recovery--As a quality control check, the laboratory must spike all samples with the surrogate standard spiking solution (Section 6.8.6) per Section 10.2.2 or 10.4.2, analyze the samples, and calculate the percent recovery of each surrogate. QC acceptance criteria for surrogates must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 12 and 13). If any recovery fails its criterion, attempt to find and correct the cause of the failure, and if sufficient volume is available, re-extract another aliquot of the affected sample. Surrogate recoveries from the blank and LCS may be used as pass/fail criteria by the laboratory or as required by a regulatory authority, or may be used to diagnose problems with the analytical system.

   8.7 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, it is suggested but not required that method accuracy for wastewater samples be assessed and records maintained. After analysis of five or more spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.4, calculate the average percent recovery (XX) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent interval from XX -2sp to XX + 2sp. For example, if XX = 90% and sp = 10%, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each analyte on a regular basis to ensure process control (e.g., after each 5-10 new accuracy measurements).

   8.8 It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of environmental measurements. When doubt exists over the identification of a peak on the chromatogram, confirmatory techniques such as gas chromatography with another dissimilar column, specific element detector, or mass spectrometer must be used. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

   9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

   9.1 Collect samples as grab samples in glass bottles, or in refrigerated bottles using automatic sampling equipment. Collect 1-L of ambient waters, effluents, and other aqueous samples. If high concentrations of the analytes of interest are expected (e.g., for untreated effluents or in-process waters), collect a smaller volume (e.g., 250 mL), but not less than 100 mL, in addition to the 1-L sample. Follow conventional sampling practices, except do not pre-rinse the bottle with sample before collection. Automatic sampling equipment must be as free as possible of polyvinyl chloride or other tubing or other potential sources of contamination. If needed, collect additional sample(s) for the MS/MSD (Section 8.3).

   9.2 Ice or refrigerate the sample at 2 seconds of the retention times in the calibration verification (Section 7.8).

   13.4 GC resolution--Resolution is acceptable if the valley height between two peaks (as measured from the baseline) is less than 40% of the shorter of the two peaks.

   13.4.1 DB-608 column--DDT and endrin aldehyde.

   13.4.2 DB-1701 column--alpha and gamma chlordane.

   Note: If using other GC columns or stationary phases, these resolution criteria apply to these four target analytes and any other closely eluting analytes on those other GC columns.

   13.5 Decomposition of DDT and endrin--If DDT, endrin, or their breakdown products are to be determined, this test must be performed prior to calibration verification (Section 13.6). DDT decomposes to DDE and DDD. Endrin decomposes to endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone.

   13.5.1 Inject 1 muL of the DDT and endrin decomposition solution (Section 6.9.5).

   13.5.2 Measure the areas of the peaks for DDT, DDE, DDD, Endrin, Endrin aldehyde, and Endrin ketone in the chromatogram and calculate the percent breakdown as shown in the equations below:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.005

   13.5.3 Both the % breakdown of DDT and of Endrin must be less than 20%, otherwise the system is not performing acceptably for DDT and endrin. In this case, repair the GC column system that failed and repeat the performance tests (Sections 13.2 to 13.6) until the specification is met.

   Note: DDT and endrin decomposition are usually caused by accumulations of particulates in the injector and in the front end of the column. Cleaning and silanizing the injection port liner, and breaking off a short section of the front end of the column will usually eliminate the decomposition problem. Either of these corrective actions may affect retention times, GC resolution, and calibration linearity.

   13.6 Calibration verification.

   13.6.1 Compute the percent recovery of each analyte and of the coeluting analytes, based on the initial calibration data (Section 7.5 or 7.6).

   13.6.2 For each analyte or for coeluting analytes, compare the concentration with the limits for calibration verification in Table 4. For coeluting analytes, use the coeluting analyte with the least restrictive

   Page 9018

   specification (the widest range). For analytes in Table 2 not listed in Table 4, QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 13 and 14). If the recoveries for all analytes meet the acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples may continue. If, however, any recovery falls outside the calibration verification range, system performance is unacceptable for that analyte. If this occurs, repair the system and repeat the test (Section 13.6), or prepare a fresh calibration standard and repeat the test, or recalibrate (Section 7). See Section 8.1.7 for information on repeated test failures.

   13.7 Laboratory control sample.

   13.7.1 Analyze the extract of the combined QC standard (a.k.a. LCS) (Section 6.8.3) extracted with each sample batch (Section 8.4).

   13.7.2 Compute the percent recovery of each analyte and of the coeluting analytes.

   13.7.3 For each analyte or coeluting analytes, compare the percent recovery with the limits for ``P'' in Table 4. For coeluting analytes, use the coeluting analyte with the least restrictive specification (widest range). If all analytes pass, the extraction, concentration, and cleanup processes are in control and analysis of blanks and samples may proceed. If, however, any of the analytes fail, these processes are not in control. In this event, correct the problem, re-extract the sample batch, and repeat the ongoing precision and recovery test.

   13.7.4 It is suggested, but not required, that the laboratory update statements of data quality. Add results that pass the specifications in Section 13.7.3 to initial (Section 8.7) and previous ongoing data. Update QC charts to form a graphic representation of continued laboratory performance. Develop a statement of laboratory data quality for each analyte by calculating the average percent recovery (R) and the standard deviation of percent recovery, sr. Express the accuracy as a recovery interval from R-2sr to R + 2sr. For example, if R = 95% and sr = 5%, the accuracy is 85 to 105%.

   13.8 Internal standard response--If internal standard calibration is used, verify that detector sensitivity has not changed by comparing the response (area or height) of each internal standard in the sample, blank, LCS, MS, and MSD to the response in the combined QC standard (Section 6.8.3). The peak area or height of the internal standard should be within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2x) of its respective peak area or height in the verification standard. If the area or height is not within this range, compute the concentration of the analytes using the external standard method (Section 7.5).

   14. Qualitative Identification

   14.1 Identification is accomplished by comparison of data from analysis of a sample, blank, or other QC sample with data from calibration verification (Section 7.7.1 or 13.5), and with data stored in the retention-time and calibration libraries (Section 7.7). The retention time window is determined as described in Section 14.2. Identification is confirmed when retention time agrees on both GC columns, as described below.

   14.2 Establishing retention time windows.

   14.2.1 Using the data from the multi-point initial calibration (Section 7.4), determine the retention time in decimal minutes (not minutes:seconds) of each peak representing a single-component target analyte on each column/detector system. For the multi-component analytes, use the retention times of the five largest peaks in the chromatograms on each column/detector system.

   14.2.2 Calculate the standard deviation of the retention times for each single-component analyte on each column/detector system and for the three to five exclusive (unique large) peaks for each multi-

   component analyte.

   14.2.3 Define the width of the retention time window as three times that standard deviation. Establish the center of the retention time window for each analyte by using the absolute retention time for each analyte from the calibration verification standard at the beginning of the analytical shift. For samples run during the same shift as an initial calibration, use the retention time of the mid-point standard of the initial calibration. If the calculated RT window is less than 0.02 minutes, then use 0.02 minutes as the window.

   Note: Procedures for establishing retention time windows from other sources may be employed provided that they are clearly documented and provide acceptable performance. Such performance may be evaluated using the results for the spiked QC samples described in this method, such as laboratory control samples and matrix spike samples.

   14.2.4 New retention time windows must be established when a new GC column is installed or if a GC column has been shortened during maintenance to a degree that the retention times of analytes in the calibration verification standard have shifted close to the lower limits of the established retention time windows.

   14.2.5 RT windows should be checked periodically by examining the peaks in spiked samples such as the LCS or MS/MSD to confirm that peaks for known analytes are properly identified.

   14.2.6 If the retention time of an analyte in the initial calibration data has been evaluated as described in Section 7.4.1 and it varied by more than 5 seconds across the calibration range as a function of the concentration of the standard (see Section 7.4.2), then using the standard deviation of the retention times to set the width of the retention time window may not adequately serve to identify the analyte in question under routine conditions. In such cases, data from additional analyses of standards may be required to adequately model the chromatographic behavior of the analyte.

   14.3 Identifying the analyte in a sample.

   14.3.1 In order to identify a single-component analyte from analysis of a sample, blank, or other QC sample, the peak representing the analyst must fall within its respective retention time windows on both column/detector systems (as defined in Section 14.2). That identification is further supported by the comparison of the numerical results on both columns, as described in Section 15.7.

   14.3.2 In order to identify a multi-component analyte, pattern matching (fingerprinting) may be used, or the three to five exclusive (unique, baseline resolved, and largest) peaks for that analyte must fall within their respective retention time windows on both column/

   detector systems (as defined in Section 14.2). That identification is further supported by the comparison of the numerical results on both columns, as described in Section 15.7.

   14.4 GC/MS confirmation.

   When the concentration of an analyte is sufficient, or if the presence or identity is suspect, its presence should be confirmed by GC/MS. In order to match the sensitivity of the GC/ECD, confirmation will have to be by SIM-GC/MS, or estimated the concentration would have to be 100 times higher than the GC/ECD calibration range.

   14.5 Additional information that may aid the laboratory in the identification of an analyte.

   The occurrence of peaks eluting near the retention time of an analyte of interest increases the probability of a false positive for the analyte. If the concentration is insufficient for confirmation by GC/MS, the laboratory may use the cleanup procedures in this

   Page 9019

   method (Section 11) on a new sample aliquot to attempt to remove the interferent. After attempts at cleanup are exhausted, the following steps may be helpful to assure that the substance that appears in the RT windows on both columns is the analyte of interest.

   14.5.1 Determine the consistency of the RT data for the analyte on each column. For example, if the RT is very stable (i.e., varies by no more than a few seconds) for the calibration, calibration verification, blank, LCS, and MS/MSD, the RT for the analyte of interest in the sample should be within this variation regardless of the window established in Section 14.2. If the analyte is not within this variation on both columns, it is likely not present.

   14.5.2 The possibility exists that the RT for the analyte in a sample could shift if extraneous materials are present. This possibility may be able to be confirmed or refuted by the behavior of the surrogates in the sample. If multiple surrogates are used that span the length of the chromatographic run, the RTs for the surrogates on both columns are consistent with their RTs in calibration, calibration verification, blank, LCS, and MS/MSD, it is unlikely that the RT for the analyte of interest has shifted.

   14.5.3 If the RT for the analyte is shifted slightly later on one column and earlier on the other, and the surrogates have not shifted, it is highly unlikely that the analyte is present, because shifts nearly always occur in the same direction on both columns.

   15. Quantitative Determination

   15.1 External standard quantitation--Calculate the concentration of the analyte in the extract using the calibration curve or average calibration factor determined in calibration (Section 7.5.2) and the following equation:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.006

   where:

   Cex = Concentration of the analyte in the extract (ng/mL)

   As = Peak height or area for the analyte in the standard or sample

   CF = Calibration factor, as defined in Section 7.5.1

   15.2 Internal standard quantitation--Calculate the concentration of the analyte in the extract using the calibration curve or average response factor determined in calibration (Section 7.6.2) and the following equation:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.007

   where:

   Cex = Concentration of the analyte in the extract (ng/mL)

   As = Peak height or area for the analyte in the standard or sample

   Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (ng/mL)

   Ais = Area of the internal standard

   RF = Response factor, as defined in Section 7.6.1

   15.3 Calculate the concentration of the analyte in the sample using the concentration in the extract, the extract volume, the sample volume, and the dilution factor, per the following equation:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.008

   where:

   Cs = Concentration of the analyte in the sample (microg/L)

   Vex = Final extract volume (mL)

   Cex = Concentration in the extract (ng/mL)

   Vs = Volume of sample (L)

   DF = Dilution factor

   and the factor of 1,000 in the denominator converts the final units from ng/L to microg/L

   15.4 If the concentration of any target analyte exceeds the calibration range, either extract and analyze a smaller sample volume, or dilute and analyze the diluted extract.

   15.5 Quantitation of multi-component analytes

   15.5.1 PCBs as Aroclors

   Quantify an Aroclor by comparing the sample chromatogram to that of the most similar Aroclor standard as indicated in Section 14.3.2. Compare the responses of 3 to 5 major peaks in the calibration standard for that Aroclor with the peaks observed in the sample extract. The amount of Aroclor is calculated using the individual calibration factor for each of the 3 to 5 characteristic peaks chosen in Sec. 7.5.1. Determine the concentration of each of the characteristic peaks, using the average calibration factor calculated for that peak in Sec. 7.5.2, and then those 3 to 5 concentrations are averaged to determine the concentration of that Aroclor.

   15.5.2 Other multi-component analytes

   Quantify any other multi-component analytes (technical chlordane or toxaphene) using the same peaks used to develop the average calibration factors in Section 7.5.2. Determine the concentration of each of the characteristic peaks, and then the concentrations represented by those characteristic peaks are averaged to determine the concentration of the analyte. Alternatively, for toxaphene, the analyst may determine the calibration factor in Section 7.5.2 by summing the areas of all of the peaks for the analyte and using the summed of the peak areas in the sample chromatogram to determine the concentration. However, the approach used for toxaphene must be the same for the calibration and the sample analyses.

   15.6 Reporting of results.

   As noted in Section 1.6.1, EPA has promulgated this method at 40 CFR part 136 for use in wastewater compliance monitoring under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The data reporting practices described here are focused on such monitoring needs and may not be relevant to other uses of the method.

   15.6.1 Report results for wastewater samples in microg/L without correction for recovery. (Other units may be used if required by in a permit.) Report all QC data with the sample results.

   15.6.2 Reporting level.

   Unless otherwise specified in by a regulatory authority or in a discharge permit, results for analytes that meet the identification criteria are reported down to the concentration of the ML established by the laboratory through calibration of the instrument (see Section 7.5 or 7.6 and the glossary for the derivation of the ML). EPA considers the terms ``reporting limit,'' ``quantitation limit,'' and ``minimum level'' to be synonymous.

   15.6.2.1 Report the lower result from the two columns (see Section 15.7 below) for each analyte in each sample, blank, or standard at or above the ML to 3 significant figures. Report a result for each analyte found in each sample below the ML as ``ML,'' or as required by the regulatory authority or permit. Results are reported without blank subtraction unless requested or required by a regulatory authority or in a permit. In this case, both the sample result and the blank results must be reported together.

   15.6.2.2 In addition to reporting results for samples and blank(s) separately, the concentration of each analyte in a blank or field blank associated with that sample may be subtracted from the result for that sample, but only if requested or required by a regulatory authority or in a permit. In this case, both the sample result and the blank results must be reported together.

   15.6.2.3 Report the result for an analyte in a sample or extract that has been diluted at the least dilute level at which the peak area is within the calibration range (i.e., above the ML for the analyte) and the MS/MSD recovery and RPD are within their respective QC acceptance criteria (Table 4). This may

   Page 9020

   require reporting results for some analytes from different analyses.

   The results for each analyte in the MS/MSD samples should be reported from the same GC column as used to report the results for that analyte in the unspiked sample. If the MS/MSD recoveries and RPDs calculated in this manner do not meet the acceptance criteria in Table 4, then the analyst may use the results from the other GC column to determine if the MS/MSD results meet the acceptance criteria. If such a situation occurs, the results for the sample should be recalculated using the same GC column data as used for the MS/MSD samples, and reported with appropriate annotations that alert the data user of the issue.

   15.6.2.4 Results from tests performed with an analytical system that is not in control (i.e., that does not meet acceptance criteria for all of QC tests in this method) must not be reported or otherwise used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes, but do not relieve a discharger or permittee of reporting timely results. If the holding time would be exceeded for a re-analysis of the sample, the regulatory/control authority should be consulted for disposition.

   15.6.3 Analyze the sample by GC/MS or on a third column when analytes have co-eluted or interfere with determination on both columns.

   Note: Dichlone and kepone do not elute from the DB-1701 column and must be confirmed on a DB-5 column, or by GC/MS.

   15.7 Quantitative information that may aid in the confirmation of the presence of an analyte

   15.7.1 As noted in Section 14.3, the relative agreement between the numerical results from the two GC columns may be used to support the identification of the target analyte by providing evidence that that co-eluting interferences are not present at the retention time of the target analyte. Calculate the percent difference (%D) between the results for the analyte from both columns, as follows:

   GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.009

   In general, if the %D of the two results is less than 50% (e.g., a factor of 2), then the pesticide is present. This %D is generous and allows for the pesticide that has the largest measurement error.

   Note: Laboratories may employ metrics less than 50% for this comparison, including those specified in other analytical methods for these pesticides (e.g., CLP or SW-846).

   15.7.2 If the amounts do not agree, and the RT data indicate the presence of the analyte (per Section 14), it is likely that a positive interference is present on the column that yielded the higher result. That interferent may be represented by a separate peak on the other column that does not coincide with the retention time of any of the target analytes. If the interfering peak is evident on the other column, report the result from that column and advise the data user that the interference resulted in a %D value greater than 50%.

   If an interferent is not identifiable on the second column, then the results must be reported as ``not detected'' at the lower concentration. In this event, the pesticide is not confirmed and the reporting limit is elevated.

   Note: The resulting elevation of the reporting limit may not meet the requirements for compliance monitoring and the use of additional cleanup procedures may be required.

   16. Analysis of Complex Samples

   16.1 Some samples may contain high levels (greater than 1 microg/

12. of the analytes of interest, interfering analytes, and/or polymeric materials. Some samples may not concentrate to 1.0 mL (Section 10.3.3.3.2); others may overload the GC column and/or detector.

    16.2 When an interference is known or suspected to be present, the laboratory should attempt to clean up the sample extract using the SPE cartridge (Section 11.2), by Florisilsupreg (Section 11.3), Alumina (Section 11.4), sulfur removal (Section 11.5), or another clean up procedure appropriate to the analytes of interest. If these techniques do not remove the interference, the extract is diluted by a known factor and reanalyzed (Section 12). Dilution until the extract is lightly colored is preferable. Typical dilution factors are 2, 5, and 10.

    16.3 Recovery of surrogate(s)--In most samples, surrogate recoveries will be similar to those from reagent water. If surrogate recovery is outside the range developed in Section 8.6, the sample is re-extracted and reanalyzed if there is sufficient sample and if it is within the 7-day extraction holding time. If the surrogate recovery is still outside this range, extract and analyze one-tenth the volume of sample to overcome any matrix interference problems. If a sample is highly colored or suspected to be high in concentration, a 1-L sample aliquot and a 100-mL sample aliquot could be extracted simultaneously and still meet the holding time criteria, while providing information about a complex matrix.

    16.4 Recovery of the matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate (MS/

    MSD)--In most samples, MS/MSD recoveries will be similar to those from reagent water. If either the MS or MSD recovery is outside the range specified in Section 8.3.3, one-tenth the volume of sample is spiked and analyzed. If the matrix spike recovery is still outside the range, the result for the unspiked sample may not be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes. Poor matrix spike recovery does not relieve a discharger or permittee of reporting timely results.

    17. Method Performance

    17.1 This method was tested for linearity of spike recovery from reagent water and has been demonstrated to be applicable over the concentration range from 4x MDL to 1000x MDL with the following exceptions: Chlordane recovery at 4x MDL was low (60%); Toxaphene recovery was demonstrated linear over the range of 10x MDL to 1000x MDL (Reference 3).

    17.2 The 1984 version of this method was tested by 20 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and three industrial wastewaters spiked at six concentrations (Reference 2). Concentrations used in the study ranged from 0.5 to 30 mug/L for single-component pesticides and from 8.5 to 400 mug/L for multi-

    component analytes. These data are for a subset of analytes described in the current version of the method.

    17.3 During the development of Method 1656, a similar EPA procedure for the organochlorine pesticides, single-operator precision, overall precision, and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. Linear equations to describe these relationships are presented in Table 5.

    Page 9021

    18. Pollution Prevention

    18.1 Pollution prevention encompasses any technique that reduces or eliminates the quantity or toxicity of waste at the point of generation. Many opportunities for pollution prevention exist in laboratory operations. EPA has established a preferred hierarchy of environmental management techniques that places pollution prevention as the management option of first choice. Whenever feasible, the laboratory should use pollution prevention techniques to address waste generation. When wastes cannot be reduced at the source, the Agency recommends recycling as the next best option.

    18.2 The analytes in this method are used in extremely small amounts and pose little threat to the environment when managed properly. Standards should be prepared in volumes consistent with laboratory use to minimize the disposal of excess volumes of expired standards. This method utilizes significant quantities of methylene chloride. Laboratories are encouraged to recover and recycle this and other solvents during extract concentration.

    18.3 For information about pollution prevention that may be applied to laboratories and research institutions, consult Less is Better: Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction (Reference 19).

    19. Waste Management

    19.1 The laboratory is responsible for complying with all Federal, State, and local regulations governing waste management, particularly the hazardous waste identification rules and land disposal restrictions, and to protect the air, water, and land by minimizing and controlling all releases from fume hoods and bench operations. Compliance is also required with any sewage discharge permits and regulations. An overview of requirements can be found in Environmental Management Guide for Small Laboratories (EPA 233-B-98-001).

    19.2 Samples at pH 12 are hazardous and must be neutralized before being poured down a drain, or must be handled as hazardous waste.

    19.3 Many analytes in this method decompose above 500 ordmC. Low-

    level waste such as absorbent paper, tissues, animal remains, and plastic gloves may be burned in an appropriate incinerator. Gross quantities of neat or highly concentrated solutions of toxic or hazardous chemicals should be packaged securely and disposed of through commercial or governmental channels that are capable of handling toxic wastes.

    20. References

    1. ``Determination of Pesticides and PCBs in Industrial and Municipal Wastewaters,'' EPA 600/4-82-023, National Technical Information Service, PB82-214222, Springfield, Virginia 22161, April 1982.

    2. ``EPA Method Study 18 Method 608-Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs,'' EPA 600/4-84-061, National Technical Information Service, PB84-

    211358, Springfield, Virginia 22161, June 1984.

    3. ``Method Detection Limit and Analytical Curve Studies, EPA Methods 606, 607, and 608,'' Special letter report for EPA Contract 68-03-2606, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, June 1980.

    4. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3694-78. ``Standard Practice for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents,'' American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

    5. Giam, C.S., Chan, H.S., and Nef, G.S. ``Sensitive Method for Determination of Phthalate Ester Plasticizers in Open-Ocean Biota Samples,'' Analytical Chemistry, 47, 2225 (1975).

    6. Giam, C.S. and Chan, H.S. ``Control of Blanks in the Analysis of Phthalates in Air and Ocean Biota Samples,'' U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Special Publication 442, pp. 701-708, 1976.

    7. Solutions to Analytical Chemistry Problems with Clean Water Act Methods, EPA 821-R-07-002, March 2007.

    8. ``Carcinogens-Working With Carcinogens,'' Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 77-206, August 1977.

    9. ``Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,'' (29 CFR part 1910, subpart 1450), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA.

    10. 40 CFR 136.6(b)(4)(j).

    11. Mills, P.A. ``Variation of Florisil Activity: Simple Method for Measuring Absorbent Capacity and Its Use in Standardizing Florisil Columns,'' Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 51, 29, (1968).

    12. 40 CFR 136.6(b)(2)(i).

    13. Protocol for EPA Approval of New Methods for Organic and Inorganic Analytes in Wastewater and Drinking Water (EPA-821-B-98-003) March 1999.

    14. Methods 4500 Cl F and 4500 Cl G, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, published jointly by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation, 1015 Fifteenth St. Washington, DC 20005, 20th Edition, 2000.

    15. ``Manual of Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticides in Human and Environmental Samples,'' EPA-600/8-80-038, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

    16. USEPA, 2000, Method 1656 Organo-Halide Pesticides In Wastewater, Soil, Sludge, Sediment, and Tissue by GC/HSD, EPA-821-R-00-017, September 2000.

    17. USEPA, 2010, Method 1668C Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS, EPA-820-R-10-005, April 2010.

    18. USEPA, 2007, Method 1699: Pesticides in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS, EPA-821-R-08-001, December 2007.

    19. ``Less is Better,'' American Chemical Society on-line publication, http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/publications/less-is-better.pdf.

    20. EPA Method 608 ATP 3M0222, An alternative test procedure for the measurement of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in waste water. Federal Register/Vol. 60, No. 148 August 2, 1995.

    Page 9022

    21. Tables

    Table 1--Pesticides \1\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS No. MDL \2\ (ng/L) ML \3\ (ng/L)

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Aldrin.......................................................... 309-00-2 8 24

    alpha-BHC....................................................... 319-84-6 6 18

    beta-BHC........................................................ 319-85-7 7 21

    delta-BHC....................................................... 319-86-8 5 15

    gamma-BHC (Lindane)............................................. 58-89-9 1 33

    alpha-Chlordane................................................. 5103-71-9 9 27

    gamma-Chlordane................................................. 5103-74-2 8 24

    4,4'-DDD........................................................ 72-54-8 5 15

    4,4'-DDE........................................................ 72-55-9 10 30

    4,4'-DDT........................................................ 50-29-3 12 36

    Dieldrin........................................................ 60-57-1 6 18

    Endosulfan I.................................................... 959-98-8 11 33

    Endosulfan II................................................... 33213-65-9 8 24

    Endosulfan sulfate.............................................. 1031-07-8 7 21

    Endrin.......................................................... 72-20-8 4 12

    Endrin aldehyde................................................. 7421-93-4 11 33

    Heptachlor...................................................... 76-44-8 5 15

    Heptachlor epoxide.............................................. 1024-57-3 12 36

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ All analytes in this table are Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    \2\ 40 CFR 136, Appendix B. MDLs were obtained by a single laboratory with an electrolytic conductivity

    detector, and are estimates of what can be achieved using an electron capture detector.

    \3\ ML = Minimum Level--see Glossary for definition and derivation.

    Table 2--Additional Analytes

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS No. MDL \3\ (ng/L) ML \4\ (ng/L)

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acephate........................................................ 30560-19-1 2,000 6,000

    Alachlor........................................................ 15972-60-8 20 60

    Atrazine........................................................ 1912-24-9 500 1,500

    Benfluralin (Benefin)........................................... 1861-40-1 20 60

    Bromacil........................................................ 314-40-9 70 210

    Bromoxynil octanoate............................................ 1689-99-2 30 90

    Butachlor....................................................... 23184-66-9 30 90

    Captafol........................................................ 2425-06-1 100 300

    Captan.......................................................... 133-06-2 100 300

    Carbophenothion (Trithion)...................................... 786-19-6 50 150

    Chlorobenzilate................................................. 510-15-6 25 75

    Chloroneb (Terraneb)............................................ 2675-77-6 .............. ..............

    Chloropropylate (Acaralate)..................................... 5836-10-2 .............. ..............

    Chlorothalonil.................................................. 1897-45-6 15 45

    Cyanazine....................................................... 21725-46-2 .............. ..............

    DCPA (Dacthal).................................................. 1861-32-1 3 9

    2,4'-DDD........................................................ 53-19-0 .............. ..............

    2,4'-DDE........................................................ 3424-82-6 .............. ..............

    2,4'-DDT........................................................ 789-02-6 .............. ..............

    Diallate (Avadex)............................................... 2303-16-4 45 135

    1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).............................. 96-12-8 .............. ..............

    Dichlone........................................................ 117-80-6 .............. ..............

    Dichloran....................................................... 99-30-9 .............. ..............

    Dicofol......................................................... 115-32-2 .............. ..............

    Endrin ketone................................................... 53494-70-5 8 24

    Ethalfluralin (Sonalan)......................................... 55283-68-6 5 15

    Etridiazole..................................................... 2593-15-9 .............. ..............

    Fenarimol (Rubigan)............................................. 60168-88-9 20 30

    Hexachlorobenzene \1\........................................... 118-74-1 .............. ..............

    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene \1\................................... 77-47-4 .............. ..............

    Isodrin......................................................... 465-73-6 13 39

    Isopropalin (Paarlan)........................................... 33820-53-0 20 60

    Kepone.......................................................... 143-50-0 100 300

    Methoxychlor.................................................... 72-43-5 30 90

    Metolachlor..................................................... 51218-45-2 .............. ..............

    Metribuzin...................................................... 21087-64-9 5 15

    Mirex........................................................... 2385-85-5 4 12

    Nitrofen (TOK).................................................. 1836-75-5 13 39

    cis-Nonachlor................................................... 5103-73-1 .............. ..............

    trans-Nonachlor................................................. 39765-80-5 .............. ..............

    Norfluorazon.................................................... 27314-13-2 50 150

    Page 9023

    Octachlorostyrene............................................... 29082-74-4 .............. ..............

    Oxychlordane.................................................... 27304-13-8 .............. ..............

    PCNB (Pentachloronitrobenzene).................................. 82-68-8 6 18

    Pendamethalin (Prowl)........................................... 40487-42-1 .............. ..............

    cis-Permethrin.................................................. 61949-76-6 200 600

    trans-Permethrin................................................ 61949-77-7 200 600

    Perthane (Ethylan).............................................. 72-56-0 .............. ..............

    Propachlor...................................................... 1918-16-7 .............. ..............

    Propanil........................................................ 709-98-8 .............. ..............

    Propazine....................................................... 139-40-2 .............. ..............

    Quintozene...................................................... 82-68-8 .............. ..............

    Simazine........................................................ 122-34-9 400 1,200

    Strobane........................................................ 8001-50-1 .............. ..............

    Technazene...................................................... 117-18-0 .............. ..............

    Technical Chlordane \2\......................................... .............. .............. ..............

    Terbacil........................................................ 5902-51-2 200 600

    Terbuthylazine.................................................. 5915-41-3 300 900

    Toxaphene \1\................................................... 8001-35-2 910 2,730

    Trifluralin..................................................... 1582-09-8 50 150

    PCB-1016 \1\.................................................... 12674-11-2 150 450

    PCB-1221 \1\.................................................... 11104-28-2 150 450

    PCB-1232 \1\.................................................... 11141-16-5 150 450

    PCB-1242 \1\.................................................... 53469-21-9 150 450

    PCB-1248 \1\.................................................... 12672-29-6 150 450

    PCB-1254 \1\.................................................... 11097-69-1 150 450

    PCB-1260 \1\.................................................... 11096-82-5 140 420

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    \2\ Technical Chlordane may be used in cases where historical reporting has only been for this form of

    Chlordane.

    \3\ 40 CFR part 136, appendix B. MDLs were obtained by a single laboratory with an electrolytic conductivity

    detector, and are estimates of what can be achieved using an electron capture detector.

    \4\ ML = Minimum Level--see Glossary for definition and derivation.

    Table 3--Example Retention Times \1\

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Retention time (min)

    \2\

    Analyte ---------------------

    DB-608 DB-1701

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acephate.......................................... 5.03 (\3\)

    Trifluralin....................................... 5.16 6.79

    Ethalfluralin..................................... 5.28 6.49

    Benfluralin....................................... 5.53 6.87

    Diallate-A........................................ 7.15 6.23

    Diallate-B........................................ 7.42 6.77

    alpha-BHC......................................... 8.14 7.44

    PCNB.............................................. 9.03 7.58

    Simazine.......................................... 9.06 9.29

    Atrazine.......................................... 9.12 9.12

    Terbuthylazine.................................... 9.17 9.46

    gamma-BHC (Lindane)............................... 9.52 9.91

    beta-BHC.......................................... 9.86 11.90

    Heptachlor........................................ 10.66 10.55

    Chlorothalonil.................................... 10.66 10.96

    Dichlone.......................................... 10.80 (\4\)

    Terbacil.......................................... 11.11 12.63

    delta-BHC......................................... 11.20 12.98

    Alachlor.......................................... 11.57 11.06

    Propanil.......................................... 11.60 14.10

    Aldrin............................................ 11.84 11.46

    DCPA.............................................. 12.18 12.09

    Metribuzin........................................ 12.80 11.68

    Triadimefon....................................... 12.99 13.57

    Isopropalin....................................... 13.06 13.37

    Isodrin........................................... 13.47 11.12

    Heptachlor epoxide................................ 13.97 12.56

    Pendamethalin..................................... 14.21 13.46

    Bromacil.......................................... 14.39 (\3\)

    alpha-Chlordane................................... 14.63 14.20

    Butachlor......................................... 15.03 15.69

    gamma-Chlordane................................... 15.24 14.36

    Endosulfan I...................................... 15.25 13.87

    4,4'-DDE.......................................... 16.34 14.84

    Dieldrin.......................................... 16.41 15.25

    Captan............................................ 16.83 15.43

    Chlorobenzilate................................... 17.58 17.28

    Endrin............................................ 17.80 15.86

    Nitrofen (TOK).................................... 17.86 17.47

    Kepone............................................ 17.92 (3 5)

    4,4'-DDD.......................................... 18.43 17.77

    Endosulfan II..................................... 18.45 18.57

    Bromoxynil octanoate.............................. 18.85 18.57

    4,4'-DDT.......................................... 19.48 18.32

    Carbophenothion................................... 19.65 18.21

    Endrin aldehyde................................... 19.72 19.18

    Endosulfan sulfate................................ 20.21 20.37

    Captafol.......................................... 22.51 21.22

    Norfluorazon...................................... 20.68 22.01

    Mirex............................................. 22.75 19.79

    Methoxychlor...................................... 22.80 20.68

    Endrin ketone..................................... 23.00 21.79

    Fenarimol......................................... 24.53 23.79

    cis-Permethrin.................................... 25.00 23.59

    trans-Permethrin.................................. 25.62 23.92

    PCB-1242..........................................

    PCB-1232..........................................

    PCB-1016..........................................

    PCB-1221..........................................

    PCB-1248..........................................

    PCB-1254..........................................

    PCB-1260 (5 peaks)................................ 15.44 14.64

    15.73 15.36

    16.94 16.53

    17.28 18.70

    19.17 19.92

    Toxaphene (5 peaks)............................... 16.60 16.60

    17.37 17.52

    18.11 17.92

    19.46 18.73

    19.69 19.00

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Data from EPA Method 1656 (Reference 16).

    \2\ Columns: 30-m long x 0.53-mm ID fused-silica capillary; DB-608, 0.83

    mum; and DB-1701, 1.0 mum.

    Conditions suggested to meet retention times shown: 150 degC for 0.5

    minute, 150-270 degC at 5 degC/min, and 270 degC until trans-

    Permethrin elutes.

    Carrier gas flow rates approximately 7 mL/min.

    \3\ Does not elute from DB-1701 column at level tested.

    \4\ Not recovered from water at the levels tested.

    \5\ Dichlone and Kepone do not elute from the DB-1701 column and should

    be confirmed on DB-5.

    Page 9024

    Table 4--QC Acceptance Criteria

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Calibration Test

    Analyte verification concentration Limit for s Range for X Range for P Maximum MS/

    (%) (mug/L) (% SD) (%) (%) MSD RPD (%)

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Aldrin...................................................... 75-125 2.0 25 54-130 42-140 35

    alpha-BHC................................................... 69-125 2.0 28 49-130 37-140 36

    beta-BHC.................................................... 75-125 2.0 38 39-130 17-147 44

    delta-BHC................................................... 75-125 2.0 43 51-130 19-140 52

    gamma-BHC................................................... 75-125 2.0 29 43-130 32-140 39

    alpha-Chlordane............................................. 73-125 50.0 24 55-130 45-140 35

    gamma-Chlordane............................................. 75-125 50.0 24 55-130 45-140 35

    4,4'-DDD.................................................... 75-125 10.0 32 48-130 31-141 39

    4,4'-DDE.................................................... 75-125 2.0 30 54-130 30-145 35

    4,4'-DDT.................................................... 75-125 10.0 39 46-137 25-160 42

    Dieldrin.................................................... 48-125 2.0 42 58-130 36-146 49

    Endosulfan I................................................ 75-125 2.0 25 57-141 45-153 28

    Endosulfan II............................................... 75-125 10.0 63 22-171 D-202 53

    Endosulfan sulfate.......................................... 70-125 10.0 32 38-132 26-144 38

    Endrin...................................................... 5-125 10.0 42 51-130 30-147 48

    Heptachlor.................................................. 75-125 2.0 28 43-130 34-140 43

    Heptachlor epoxide.......................................... 75-125 2.0 22 57-132 37-142 26

    Toxaphene................................................... 68-134 50.0 30 56-130 41-140 41

    PCB-1016.................................................... 75-125 50.0 24 61-103 50-140 36

    PCB-1221.................................................... 75-125 50.0 50 44-150 15-178 48

    PCB-1232.................................................... 75-125 50.0 32 28-197 10-215 25

    PCB-1242.................................................... 75-125 50.0 26 50-139 39-150 29

    PCB-1248.................................................... 75-125 50.0 32 58-140 38-158 35

    PCB-1254.................................................... 75-125 50.0 34 44-130 29-140 45

    PCB-1260.................................................... 75-125 50.0 28 37-130 8-140 38

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    S = Standard deviation of four recovery measurements (Section 8.2.4).

    Note: These criteria were developed from data in Table 5 (Reference 2). Where necessary, limits for recovery have been broadened to assure applicability

    to concentrations below those in Table 5.

    Table 5--Precision and Recovery as Functions of Concentration

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Single analyst Overall

    Analyte Recovery, X' precision, sr' precision, S'

    (mug/L) (mug/L) (mug/L)

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Aldrin................................................. 0.81C + 0.04 0.16(X) - 0.04 0.20(X) - 0.01

    alpha-BHC.............................................. 0.84C + 0.03 0.13(X) + 0.04 0.23(X) - 0.00

    beta-BHC............................................... 0.81C + 0.07 0.22(X) - 0.02 0.33(X) - 0.05

    delta-BHC.............................................. 0.81C + 0.07 0.18(X) + 0.09 0.25(X) + 0.03

    gamma-BHC (Lindane).................................... 0.82C - 0.05 0.12(X) + 0.06 0.22(X) + 0.04

    Chlordane.............................................. 0.82C - 0.04 0.13 (X) + 0.13 0.18(X) + 0.18

    4,4'-DDD............................................... 0.84C + 0.30 0.20(X) - 0.18 0.27(X) - 0.14

    4,4'-DDE............................................... 0.85C + 0.14 0.13(X) + 0.06 0.28(X) - 0.09

    4,4'-DDT............................................... 0.93C - 0.13 0.17(X) + 0.39 0.31(X) - 0.21

    Dieldrin............................................... 0.90C + 0.02 0.12(X) + 0.19 0.16(X) + 0.16

    Endosulfan I........................................... 0.97C + 0.04 0.10(X) + 0.07 0.18(X) + 0.08

    Endosulfan II.......................................... 0.93C + 0.34 0.41(X) - 0.65 0.47(X) - 0.20

    Endosulfan sulfate..................................... 0.89C - 0.37 0.13(X) + 0.33 0.24(X) + 0.35

    Endrin................................................. 0.89C - 0.04 0.20(X) + 0.25 0.24(X) + 0.25

    Heptachlor............................................. 0.69C + 0.04 0.06(X) + 0.13 0.16(X) + 0.08

    Heptachlor epoxide..................................... 0.89C + 0.10 0.18(X) - 0.11 0.25(X) - 0.08

    Toxaphene.............................................. 0.80C + 1.74 0.09(X) + 3.20 0.20(X) + 0.22

    PCB-1016............................................... 0.81C + 0.50 0.13(X) + 0.15 0.15(X) + 0.45

    PCB-1221............................................... 0.96C + 0.65 0.29(X) - 0.76 0.35(X) - 0.62

    PCB-1232............................................... 0.91C + 10.8 0.21(X) - 1.93 0.31(X) + 3.50

    PCB-1242............................................... 0.93C + 0.70 0.11(X) + 1.40 0.21(X) + 1.52

    PCB-1248............................................... 0.97C + 1.06 0.17(X) + 0.41 0.25(X) - 0.37

    PCB-1254............................................... 0.76C + 2.07 0.15(X) + 1.66 0.17(X) + 3.62

    PCB-1260............................................... 0.66C + 3.76 0.22(X) - 2.37 0.39(X) - 4.86

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    X' = Expected recovery for one or more measurements of a sample containing a concentration of C, in mug/L.

    Page 9025

    Table 6--Distribution of Chlorinated Pesticides and PCBs Into

    Florisilsupreg Column Fractions

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Percent recovery by

    fraction \1\

    Analyte --------------------

    1 2 3

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Aldrin............................................. 100

    alpha-BHC.......................................... 100

    beta-BHC........................................... 97

    delta-BHC.......................................... 98

    gamma-BHC (Lindane)................................ 100

    Chlordane.......................................... 100

    4,4'-DDD........................................... 99

    4,4'-DDE........................................... ..... 98

    4,4'-DDT........................................... 100

    Dieldrin........................................... 0 100

    Endosulfan I....................................... 37 64 .....

    Endosulfan II...................................... 0 7 91

    Endosulfan sulfate................................. 0 0 106

    Endrin............................................. 4 96

    Endrin aldehyde.................................... 0 68 26

    Heptachlor......................................... 100

    Heptachlor epoxide................................. 100

    Toxaphene.......................................... 96

    PCB-1016........................................... 97

    PCB-1221........................................... 97

    PCB-1232........................................... 95 4

    PCB-1242........................................... 97

    PCB-1248........................................... 103

    PCB-1254........................................... 90

    PCB-1260...........................................

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Eluant composition:

    Fraction 1--6% ethyl ether in hexane

    Fraction 2--15% ethyl ether in hexane

    Fraction 3--50% ethyl ether in hexane.

    BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

    GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.010

    Page 9026

    GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.011

    23. Glossary

    These definitions and purposes are specific to this method but have been conformed to common usage to the extent possible.

    23.1 Units of weight and measure and their abbreviations.

    23.1.1 Symbols

    degC degrees Celsius

    microg microgram

    muL microliter

    greater than

    % percent

    23.1.2 Abbreviations (in alphabetical order)

    cm centimeter

    g gram

    Page 9027

    hr hour

    ID inside diameter

    in. inch

    L liter

    M molar solution--one mole or gram molecular weight of solute in one liter of solution

    mg milligram

    min minute

    mL milliliter

    mm millimeter

    N Normality--one equivalent of solute in one liter of solution

    ng nanogram

    psia pounds-per-square inch absolute

    psig pounds-per-square inch gauge

    v/v volume per unit volume

    w/v weight per unit volume

    23.2 Definitions and acronyms (in alphabetical order)

    Analyte--A compound or mixture of compounds (e.g., PCBs) tested for by this method. The analytes are listed in Tables 1 and 2.

    Analytical batch--The set of samples analyzed on a given instrument during a 24-hour period that begins and ends with calibration verification (Sections 7.8 and 13). See also ``Extraction batch.''

    Blank (method blank; laboratory blank)--An aliquot of reagent water that is treated exactly as a sample including exposure to all glassware, equipment, solvents, reagents, internal standards, and surrogates that are used with samples. The blank is used to determine if analytes or interferences are present in the laboratory environment, the reagents, or the apparatus.

    Calibration factor (CF)--See Section 7.5.1.

    Calibration standard--A solution prepared from stock solutions and/

    or a secondary standards and containing the analytes of interest, surrogates, and internal standards. This standard is used to model the response of the GC instrument against analyte concentration.

    Calibration verification--The process of confirming that the response of the analytical system remains within specified limits of the calibration.

    Calibration verification standard--The combined QC standard (Section 7.7) used to verify calibration (Section 13.5) and for LCS tests (Section 8.4).

    Extraction Batch--A set of up to 20 field samples (not including QC samples) started through the extraction process in a given 24-hour shift. Each extraction batch of 20 or fewer samples must be accompanied by a blank (Section 8.5), a laboratory control sample (LCS, Section 8.4), a matrix spike and duplicate (MS/MSD; Section 8.3), resulting in a minimum of five samples (1 field sample, 1 blank, 1 LCS, 1 MS, and 1 MSD) and a maximum of 24 samples (20 field samples, 1 blank, 1 LCS, 1 MS, and 1 MSD) for the batch. If greater than 20 samples are to be extracted in a 24-hour shift, the samples must be separated into extraction batches of 20 or fewer samples.

    Field Duplicates--Two samples collected at the same time and place under identical conditions, and treated identically throughout field and laboratory procedures. Results of analyses the field duplicates provide an estimate of the precision associated with sample collection, preservation, and storage, as well as with laboratory procedures.

    Field blank--An aliquot of reagent water or other reference matrix that is placed in a sample container in the field, and treated as a sample in all respects, including exposure to sampling site conditions, storage, preservation, and all analytical procedures. The purpose of the field blank is to determine if the field or sample transporting procedures and environments have contaminated the sample. See also ``Blank.''

    GC--Gas chromatograph or gas chromatography

    Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC)--A form of liquid chromatography in which the analytes are separated based on exclusion from the solid phase by size.

    Internal standard--A compound added to an extract or standard solution in a known amount and used as a reference for quantitation of the analytes of interest and surrogates. Also see Internal standard quantitation.

    Internal standard quantitation--A means of determining the concentration of an analyte of interest (Tables 1 and 2) by reference to a compound not expected to be found in a sample.

    IDC--Initial Demonstration of Capability (Section 8.2); four aliquots of a reference matrix spiked with the analytes of interest and analyzed to establish the ability of the laboratory to generate acceptable precision and recovery. An IDC is performed prior to the first time this method is used and any time the method or instrumentation is modified.

    Laboratory Control Sample (LCS; laboratory fortified blank; Section 8.4)--An aliquot of reagent water spiked with known quantities of the analytes of interest and surrogates. The LCS is analyzed exactly like a sample. Its purpose is to assure that the results produced by the laboratory remain within the limits specified in this method for precision and recovery.

    Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix--See Matrix spike.

    Laboratory reagent blank--See blank.

    Matrix spike (MS) and matrix spike duplicate (MSD) (laboratory fortified sample matrix and duplicate)--Two aliquots of an environmental sample to which known quantities of the analytes of interest and surrogates are added in the laboratory. The MS/MSD are prepared and analyzed exactly like a field sample. Their purpose is to quantify any additional bias and imprecision caused by the sample matrix. The background concentrations of the analytes in the sample matrix must be determined in a separate aliquot and the measured values in the MS/MSD corrected for background concentrations.

    May--This action, activity, or procedural step is neither required nor prohibited.

    May not--This action, activity, or procedural step is prohibited.

    Method detection limit (MDL)--A detection limit determined by the procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B. The MDLs determined by EPA are listed in Tables 1 and 2. As noted in Sec. 1.6, use the MDLs in Tables 1 and 2 in conjunction with current MDL data from the laboratory actually analyzing samples to assess the sensitivity of this procedure relative to project objectives and regulatory requirements (where applicable).

    Minimum level (ML)--The term ``minimum level'' refers to either the sample concentration equivalent to the lowest calibration point in a method or a multiple of the method detection limit (MDL), whichever is higher. Minimum levels may be obtained in several ways: They may be published in a method; they may be based on the lowest acceptable calibration point used by a laboratory; or they may be calculated by multiplying the MDL in a method, or the MDL determined by a laboratory, by a factor of 3. For the purposes of NPDES compliance monitoring, EPA considers the following terms to be synonymous: ``quantitation limit,'' ``reporting limit,'' and ``minimum level.''

    MS--Mass spectrometer or mass spectrometry.

    Must--This action, activity, or procedural step is required.

    Preparation blank--See blank.

    Quality control sample (QCS)--A sample containing analytes of interest at known concentrations. The QCS is obtained from a source external to the laboratory or is prepared from standards obtained from a different source than the calibration standards. The purpose is to check laboratory performance using test materials that have been prepared independent of the normal preparation process.

    Page 9028

    Reagent water--Water demonstrated to be free from the analytes of interest and potentially interfering substances at the MDLs for the analytes in this method.

    Regulatory compliance limit--A limit on the concentration or amount of a pollutant or contaminant specified in a nationwide standard, in a permit, or otherwise established by a regulatory/control authority.

    Relative standard deviation (RSD)--The standard deviation times 100 divided by the mean. Also termed ``coefficient of variation.''

    RF--Response factor. See Section 7.6.2.

    RPD--Relative percent difference.

    RSD--See relative standard deviation.

    Safety Data Sheet (SDS)--Written information on a chemical's toxicity, health hazards, physical properties, fire, and reactivity, including storage, spill, and handling precautions that meet the requirements of OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) and appendix D to Sec. 1910.1200. United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), third revised edition, United Nations, 2009.

    Should--This action, activity, or procedural step is suggested but not required.

    SPE--Solid-phase extraction; a sample extraction or extract cleanup technique in which an analyte is selectively removed from a sample or extract by passage over or through a material capable of reversibly adsorbing the analyte.

    Stock solution--A solution containing an analyte that is prepared using a reference material traceable to EPA, the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), or a source that will attest to the purity and authenticity of the reference material.

    Surrogate--A compound unlikely to be found in a sample, which is spiked into the sample in a known amount before extraction, and which is quantified with the same procedures used to quantify other sample components. The purpose of the surrogate is to monitor method performance with each sample.

    * * * * *

    Method 611--Haloethers

    1. Scope and Application

    1.1 This method covers the determination of certain haloethers. The following parameters can be determined by this method:

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Parameter STORET No. CAS No.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether................ 34273 111-44-4

    Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane............. 34278 111-91-1

    2, 2'-oxybis (1-chloropropane).......... 34283 108-60-1

    4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether.............. 34636 101-55-3

    4-Chlorophenyl phenyl either............ 34641 7005-72-3

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    * * * * *

    Method 624.1--Purgeables by GC/MS

    1. Scope and Application

    1.1 This method is for determination of purgeable organic pollutants in industrial discharges and other environmental samples by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. This revision is based on previous protocols (References 1-3), on the revision promulgated October 26, 1984 (49 FR 43234), and on an interlaboratory method validation study (Reference 4). Although this method was validated through an interlaboratory study conducted more than 29 years ago, the fundamental chemistry principles used in this method remain sound and continue to apply.

    1.2 The analytes that may be qualitatively and quantitatively determined using this method and their CAS Registry numbers are listed in Table 1. The method may be extended to determine the analytes listed in Table 2; however, poor purging efficiency or gas chromatography of some of these analytes may make quantitative determination difficult. For example, an elevated temperature may be required to purge some analytes from water. If an elevated temperature is used, calibration and all quality control (QC) tests must be performed at the elevated temperature. EPA encourages the use of this method to determine additional compounds amenable to purge-and-trap GC/MS.

    1.3 The large number of analytes in Tables 1 and 2 of this method makes testing difficult if all analytes are determined simultaneously. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and perform QC tests for ``analytes of interest'' only. Analytes of interest are those required to be determined by a regulatory/control authority or in a permit, or by a client. If a list of analytes is not specified, the analytes in Table 1 must be determined, at a minimum, and QC testing must be performed for these analytes. The analytes in Table 1 and some of the analytes in Table 2 have been identified as Toxic Pollutants (40 CFR 401.15), expanded to a list of Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    1.4 Method detection limits (MDLs; Reference 5) for the analytes in Table 1 are listed in that table. These MDLs were determined in reagent water (Reference 6). Advances in analytical technology, particularly the use of capillary (open-tubular) columns, allowed laboratories to routinely achieve MDLs for the analytes in this method that are 2-10 times lower than those in the version promulgated in 1984 (40 FR 43234). The MDL for a specific wastewater may differ from those listed, depending on the nature of interferences in the sample matrix.

    1.4.1 EPA has promulgated this method at 40 CFR part 136 for use in wastewater compliance monitoring under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The data reporting practices described in Section 13.2 are focused on such monitoring needs and may not be relevant to other uses of the method.

    1.4.2 This method includes ``reporting limits'' based on EPA's ``minimum level'' (ML) concept (see the glossary in Section 20). Table 1 contains MDL values and ML values for many of the analytes. The MDL for an analyte in a specific wastewater may differ from that listed in Table 1, depending upon the nature of interferences in the sample matrix.

    1.5 This method is performance-based. It may be modified to improve performance (e.g., to overcome interferences or improve the accuracy of results) provided all performance requirements are met.

    1.5.1 Examples of allowed method modifications are described at 40 CFR 136.6. Other examples of allowed modifications specific to this method are described in Section 8.1.2.

    1.5.2 Any modification beyond those expressly allowed at 40 CFR 136.6 or in Section 8.1.2 of this method shall be considered a major modification that is subject to application and approval of an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5.

    Page 9029

    1.5.3 For regulatory compliance, any modification must be demonstrated to produce results equivalent or superior to results produced by this method when applied to relevant wastewaters (Section 8.3).

    1.6 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the operation of a purge-and-trap system and a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and in the interpretation of mass spectra. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this method using the procedure in Section 8.2.

    1.7 Terms and units of measure used in this method are given in the glossary at the end of the method.

    2. Summary of Method

    2.1 A gas is bubbled through a measured volume of water in a specially-designed purging chamber (Figure 1). The purgeables are efficiently transferred from the aqueous phase to the vapor phase. The vapor is swept through a sorbent trap where the purgeables are trapped (Figure 2). After purging is completed, the trap is heated and backflushed with the gas to desorb the purgeables onto a gas chromatographic column (Figures 3 and 4). The column is temperature programmed to separate the purgeables which are then detected with a mass spectrometer.

    2.2 Different sample sizes in the range of 5-25 mL are allowed in order to meet differing sensitivity requirements. Calibration and QC samples must have the same volume as field samples.

    3. Interferences

    3.1 Impurities in the purge gas, organic compounds outgassing from the plumbing ahead of the trap, and solvent vapors in the laboratory account for the majority of contamination problems. The analytical system must be demonstrated to be free from contamination under the conditions of the analysis by analyzing blanks as described in Section 8.5. Fluoropolymer tubing, fittings, and thread sealant should be used to avoid contamination.

    3.2 Samples can be contaminated by diffusion of volatile organics (particularly fluorocarbons and methylene chloride) through the septum seal into the sample during shipment and storage. Protect samples from sources of volatiles during collection, shipment, and storage. A reagent water field blank carried through sampling and analysis can serve as a check on such contamination.

    3.3 Contamination by carry-over can occur whenever high level and low level samples are analyzed sequentially. To reduce the potential for carry-over, the purging device and sample syringe must be rinsed with reagent water between sample analyses. Whenever an unusually concentrated sample is encountered, it should be followed by an analysis of a blank to check for cross contamination. For samples containing large amounts of water-soluble materials, suspended solids, high boiling compounds or high purgeable levels, it may be necessary to wash the purging device with a detergent solution, rinse it with distilled water, and then dry it in a 105 degC oven between analyses. The trap and other parts of the system are also subject to contamination; therefore, frequent bakeout and purging of the entire system may be required. Screening samples at high dilution may prevent introduction of contaminants into the system.

    4. Safety

    4.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this method has not been precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health hazard. From this viewpoint, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to the lowest possible level. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of safety data sheets (SDSs, OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)) should also be made available to all personnel involved in sample handling and chemical analysis. Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified (References 7-9) for the information of the analyst.

    4.2. The following analytes covered by this method have been tentatively classified as known or suspected human or mammalian carcinogens: Benzene; carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; 1,4-

    dichlorobenzene; 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,2-dichloropropane; methylene chloride; tetrachloroethylene; trichloroethylene; and vinyl chloride. Primary standards of these toxic compounds should be prepared in a chemical fume hood, and a NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when handling high concentrations of these compounds.

    4.3 This method allows the use of hydrogen as a carrier gas in place of helium (Section 5.3.1.2). The laboratory should take the necessary precautions in dealing with hydrogen, and should limit hydrogen flow at the source to prevent buildup of an explosive mixture of hydrogen in air.

    5. Apparatus and Materials

    Note: Brand names, suppliers, and part numbers are cited for illustration purposes only. No endorsement is implied. Equivalent performance may be achieved using equipment and materials other than those specified here. Demonstration of equivalent performance that meets the requirements of this method is the responsibility of the laboratory. Suppliers for equipment and materials in this method may be found through an on-line search.

    5.1 Sampling equipment for discrete sampling.

    5.1.1 Vial--25 or 40 mL capacity, or larger, with screw cap with a hole in the center (Pierce #13075 or equivalent). Unless pre-cleaned, detergent wash, rinse with tap and reagent water, and dry at 105 degC before use.

    5.1.2 Septum--Fluoropolymer-faced silicone (Pierce #12722 or equivalent). Unless pre-cleaned, detergent wash, rinse with tap and reagent water, and dry at 105 5 degC for one hour before use.

    5.2 Purge-and-trap system--The purge-and-trap system consists of three separate pieces of equipment: A purging device, trap, and desorber. Several complete systems are commercially available. Any system that meets the performance requirements in this method may be used.

    5.2.1 The purging device should accept 5- to 25-mL samples with a water column at least 3 cm deep. The purge gas must pass though the water column as finely divided bubbles. The purge gas must be introduced no more than 5 mm from the base of the water column. The purging device illustrated in Figure 1 meets these design criteria. Purge devices of a different volume may be used so long as the performance requirements in this method are met.

    5.2.2 The trap should be at least 25 cm long and have an inside diameter of at least 0.105 in. The trap should be packed to contain the following minimum lengths of adsorbents: 1.0 cm of methyl silicone coated packing (Section 6.3.2), 15 cm of 2,6-diphenylene oxide polymer (Section 6.3.1), and 8 cm of silica gel (Section 6.3.3). The minimum specifications for the trap are illustrated in Figure 2. A trap with different dimensions and packing materials is acceptable so long as the performance requirements in this method are met.

    5.2.3 The desorber should be capable of rapidly heating the trap to the temperature necessary to desorb the analytes of interest, and of maintaining

    Page 9030

    this temperature during desorption. The trap should not be heated higher than the maximum temperature recommended by the manufacturer. The desorber illustrated in Figure 2 meets these design criteria.

    5.2.4 The purge-and-trap system may be assembled as a separate unit or coupled to a gas chromatograph as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.

    5.3 GC/MS system.

    5.3.1 Gas chromatograph (GC)--An analytical system complete with a temperature programmable gas chromatograph and all required accessories, including syringes and analytical columns. Autosamplers designed for purge-and-trap analysis of volatiles also may be used.

    5.3.1.1 Injection port--Volatiles interface, split, splitless, temperature programmable split/splitless (PTV), large volume, on-

    column, backflushed, or other.

    5.3.1.2 Carrier gas--Data in the tables in this method were obtained using helium carrier gas. If another carrier gas is used, analytical conditions may need to be adjusted for optimum performance, and calibration and all QC tests must be performed with the alternate carrier gas. See Section 4.3 for precautions regarding the use of hydrogen as a carrier gas.

    5.3.2 GC column--See the footnote to Table 3. Other columns or column systems may be used provided all requirements in this method are met.

    5.3.3 Mass spectrometer--Capable of repetitively scanning from 35-

    260 Daltons (amu) every 2 seconds or less, utilizing a 70 eV (nominal) electron energy in the electron impact ionization mode, and producing a mass spectrum which meets all criteria in Table 4 when 50 ng or less of 4-bromofluorobenzene (BFB) is injected through the GC inlet. If acrolein, acrylonitrile, chloromethane, and vinyl chloride are to be determined, it may be necessary to scan from below 25 Daltons to measure the peaks in the 26--35 Dalton range for reliable identification.

    5.3.4 GC/MS interface--Any GC to MS interface that meets all performance requirements in this method may be used.

    5.3.5 Data system--A computer system must be interfaced to the mass spectrometer that allows continuous acquisition and storage of mass spectra throughout the chromatographic program. The computer must have software that allows searching any GC/MS data file for specific m/z's (masses) and plotting m/z abundances versus time or scan number. This type of plot is defined as an extracted ion current profile (EICP). Software must also be available that allows integrating the abundance at any EICP between specified time or scan number limits.

    5.4 Syringes--Graduated, 5-25 mL, glass hypodermic with Luerlok tip, compatible with the purging device.

    5.5 Micro syringes--Graduated, 25-1000 muL, with 0.006 in. ID needle.

    5.6 Syringe valve--Two-way, with Luer ends.

    5.7 Syringe--5 mL, gas-tight with shut-off valve.

    5.8 Bottle--15 mL, screw-cap, with Teflon cap liner.

    5.9 Balance--Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

    6. Reagents

    6.1 Reagent water--Reagent water is defined as water in which the analytes of interest and interfering compounds are not detected at the MDLs of the analytes of interest. It may be generated by passing deionized water, distilled water, or tap water through a carbon bed, passing the water through a water purifier, or heating the water to between 90 and 100 degC while bubbling contaminant free gas through it for approximately 1 hour. While still hot, transfer the water to screw-cap bottles and seal with a fluoropolymer-lined cap.

    6.2 Sodium thiosulfate--(ACS) Granular.

    6.3 Trap materials.

    6.3.1 2,6-Diphenylene oxide polymer--Tenax, 60/80 mesh, chromatographic grade, or equivalent.

    6.3.2 Methyl silicone packing--3% OV-1 on Chromosorb-W, 60/80 mesh, or equivalent.

    6.3.3 Silica gel--35/60 mesh, Davison, Grade-15 or equivalent.

    Other trap materials are acceptable if performance requirements in this method are met.

    6.4 Methanol--Demonstrated to be free from the target analytes and potentially interfering compounds.

    6.5 Stock standard solutions--Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure materials, or purchased as certified solutions. Traceability must be to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or other national standard. Stock solution concentrations alternate to those below may be used. Prepare stock standard solutions in methanol using assayed liquids or gases as appropriate. Because some of the compounds in this method are known to be toxic, primary dilutions should be prepared in a hood, and a NIOSH/

    MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when high concentrations of neat materials are handled. The following procedure may be used to prepare standards from neat materials:

    6.5.1 Place about 9.8 mL of methanol in a 10-mL ground-glass-

    stoppered volumetric flask. Allow the flask to stand, unstoppered, for about 10 minutes or until all alcohol wetted surfaces have dried. Weigh the flask to the nearest 0.1 mg.

    6.5.2 Add the assayed reference material.

    6.5.2.1 Liquids--Using a 100 muL syringe, immediately add two or more drops of assayed reference material to the flask. Be sure that the drops fall directly into the alcohol without contacting the neck of the flask. Reweigh, dilute to volume, stopper, then mix by inverting the flask several times. Calculate the concentration in mug/muL from the net gain in weight.

    6.5.2.2 Gases--To prepare standards for any of compounds that boil below 30 degC, fill a 5-mL valved gas-tight syringe with reference standard vapor to the 5.0 mL mark. Lower the needle to 5 mm above the methanol meniscus. Slowly introduce the vapor above the surface of the liquid (the vapor will rapidly dissolve in the methanol). Reweigh, dilute to volume, stopper, then mix by inverting the flask several times. Calculate the concentration in mug/muL from the net gain in weight.

    6.5.3 When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight may be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock standard. Commercially prepared stock standards may be used at any concentration if they are certified by the manufacturer or by an independent source.

    6.5.4 Prepare fresh standards weekly for the gases and 2-

    chloroethylvinyl ether. All standards should be replaced after one month, or sooner if the concentration of an analyte changes by more than 10 percent.

    Note: 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether has been shown to be stable for as long as one month if prepared as a separate standard, and the other analytes have been shown to be stable for as long as 2 months if stored at less than -10 degC with minimal headspace in sealed, miniature inert-valved vials.

    6.6 Secondary dilution standards--Using stock solutions, prepare secondary dilution standards in methanol that contain the compounds of interest, either singly or mixed. Secondary dilution standards should be prepared at concentrations such that the aqueous calibration standards prepared in Section 7.3.2 will bracket the working range of the analytical system.

    6.7 Surrogate standard spiking solution--Select a minimum of three surrogate compounds from Table 5. The surrogates selected should match the purging characteristics of the analytes of interest as closely as possible. Prepare a stock standard solution for each

    Page 9031

    surrogate in methanol as described in Section 6.5, and prepare a solution for spiking the surrogates into all blanks, LCSs, and MS/MSDs. The spiking solution should be prepared such that spiking a small volume will result in surrogate concentrations near the mid-point of the calibration range. For example, adding 10 muL of a spiking solution containing the surrogates at a concentration of 15 mug/mL in methanol to a 5-mL aliquot of water would result in a concentration of 30 mug/L for each surrogate. Other surrogate concentrations may be used.

    6.8 BFB standard--Prepare a solution of BFB in methanol as described in Sections 6.5 and 6.6. The solution should be prepared such that an injection or purging from water will result in introduction of s = Area of the characteristic m/z for the analyte to be measured.

    Ais = Area of the characteristic m/z for the internal standard.

    Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (mug/L).

    Cs = Concentration of the analyte to be measured (mug/

    L).

    7.3.4 Calculate the mean (average) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the response factors. If the RSD is less than 35%, the RF can be assumed to be invariant and the average RF can be used for calculations. Alternatively, the results can be used to fit a linear or quadratic regression of response ratios, As/Ais, vs. concentration ratios Cs/Cis. If used, the regression must be weighted inversely proportional to concentration (1/C). The coefficient of determination (R\2\) of the weighted regression must be greater than 0.920 (this value roughly corresponds to the RSD limit of 35%). Alternatively, the relative standard error (Reference 10) may be used as an acceptance criterion. As with the RSD, the RSE must be less than 35%. If an RSE less than 35% cannot be achieved for a quadratic regression, system performance is unacceptable, and the system must be adjusted and re-calibrated.

    Note: Using capillary columns and current instrumentation, it is quite likely that a laboratory can calibrate the target analytes in this method and achieve a linearity metric (either RSD or RSE) well below 35%. Therefore, laboratories are permitted to use more stringent acceptance criteria for calibration than described here, for example, to harmonize their application of this method with those from other sources.

    7.4 Calibration verification--Because the analytical system is calibrated by purge of the analytes from water, calibration verification is performed using the laboratory control sample (LCS). See Section 8.4 for requirements for calibration verification using the LCS, and the Glossary for further definition.

    8. Quality Control

    8.1 Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality assurance program. The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and ongoing analysis of spiked samples and blanks to evaluate and document data quality (40 CFR 136.7). The laboratory must maintain records to document the quality of data generated. Results of ongoing performance tests are compared with established QC acceptance criteria to determine if the results of analyses meet performance requirements of this method. When results of spiked samples do not meet the QC acceptance criteria in this method, a quality control check sample (laboratory control sample; LCS) must be analyzed to confirm that the measurements were performed in an in-control mode of operation. A laboratory may develop its own performance criteria (as QC acceptance criteria), provided such criteria are as or more restrictive than the criteria in this method.

    8.1.1 The laboratory must make an initial demonstration of capability (DOC) to generate acceptable precision and recovery with this method. This demonstration is detailed in Section 8.2.

    8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, and to overcome matrix interferences, the laboratory is permitted certain options (Section 1.5 and 40 CFR 136.6(b)) to improve separations or lower the costs of measurements. These options may include an alternate purge-and-trap device, and changes in both column and type of mass spectrometer (see 40 CFR 136.6(b)(4)(xvi)). Alternate determinative techniques, such as substitution of spectroscopic or immunoassay techniques, and changes that degrade method performance, are not allowed. If an analytical technique other than GC/MS is used, that technique must have a specificity equal to or greater than the specificity of GC/MS for the analytes of interest. The laboratory is also encouraged to participate in inter-comparison and performance evaluation studies (see Section 8.9).

    8.1.2.1 Each time a modification is made to this method, the laboratory is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2. If the detection limit of the method will be affected by the change, the laboratory must demonstrate that the MDLs (40 CFR part 136, appendix B) are lower than one-third the regulatory compliance limit, or at least as low as the MDLs listed in this method, whichever are greater. If calibration will be affected by the change, the instrument must be recalibrated per Section 7. Once the modification is demonstrated to produce results equivalent or superior to results produced by this method, that modification may be used routinely thereafter, so long as the other requirements in this method are met (e.g., matrix spike/

    matrix spike duplicate recovery and relative percent difference).

    8.1.2.1.1 If a modification is to be applied to a specific discharge, the laboratory must prepare and analyze matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples (Section 8.3) and LCS samples (Section 8.4). The laboratory must include internal standards and surrogates (Section 8.7) in each of the samples. The MS/MSD and LCS samples must be fortified with the analytes of interest (Section 1.3.). If the modification is for nationwide use, MS/

    Page 9033

    MSD samples must be prepared from a minimum of nine different discharges (See Section 8.1.2.1.2), and all QC acceptance criteria in this method must be met. This evaluation only needs to be performed once, other than for the routine QC required by this method (for example it could be performed by the vendor of the alternate materials) but any laboratory using that specific material must have the results of the study available. This includes a full data package with the raw data that will allow an independent reviewer to verify each determination and calculation performed by the laboratory (see Section 8.1.2.2.5, items a-l).

    8.1.2.1.2 Sample matrices on which MS/MSD tests must be performed for nationwide use of an allowed modification:

    (a) Effluent from a POTW

    (b) ASTM D5905 Standard Specification for Substitute Wastewater

    (c) Sewage sludge, if sewage sludge will be in the permit

    (d) ASTM D1141 Standard Specification for Substitute Ocean Water, if ocean water will be in the permit

    (e) Untreated and treated wastewaters up to a total of nine matrix types (see http:water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/guide/industry.cfm) for a list of industrial categories with existing effluent guidelines).

    At least one of the above wastewater matrix types must have at least one of the following characteristics:

    (i) Total suspended solids greater than 40 mg/L

    (ii) Total dissolved solids greater than 100 mg/L

    (iii) Oil and grease greater than 20 mg/L

    (iv) NaCl greater than 120 mg/L

    (v) CaCO3 greater than 140 mg/L

    The interim acceptance criteria for MS, MSD recoveries that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 7, and recoveries for surrogates that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 7, must be no wider than 60-140%, and the relative percent difference (RPD) of the concentrations in the MS and MSD that do not have RPD limits specified in Table 7 must be less than 30%. Alternatively, the laboratory may use the laboratory's in-house limits if they are tighter.

    (f) A proficiency testing (PT) sample from a recognized provider, in addition to tests of the nine matrices (Section 8.1.2.1.1).

    8.1.2.2 The laboratory is required to maintain records of modifications made to this method. These records include the following, at a minimum:

    8.1.2.2.1 The names, titles, street addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses of the analyst(s) that performed the analyses and modification, and of the quality control officer that witnessed and will verify the analyses and modifications.

    8.1.2.2.2 A list of analytes, by name and CAS Registry Number.

    8.1.2.2.3 A narrative stating reason(s) for the modifications.

    8.1.2.2.4 Results from all quality control (QC) tests comparing the modified method to this method, including:

    (a) Calibration (Section 7).

    (b) Calibration verification/LCS (Section 8.4).

    (c) Initial demonstration of capability (Section 8.2).

    (d) Analysis of blanks (Section 8.5).

    (e) Matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate analysis (Section 8.3).

    (f) Laboratory control sample analysis (Section 8.4).

    8.1.2.2.5 Data that will allow an independent reviewer to validate each determination by tracing the instrument output (peak height, area, or other signal) to the final result. These data are to include:

    (a) Sample numbers and other identifiers.

    (b) Analysis dates and times.

    (c) Analysis sequence/run chronology.

    (d) Sample volume (Section 10).

    (e) Sample dilution (Section 13.2).

    (f) Instrument and operating conditions.

    (g) Column (dimensions, material, etc).

    (h) Operating conditions (temperature program, flow rate, etc).

    (i) Detector (type, operating conditions, etc).

    (j) Chromatograms, mass spectra, and other recordings of raw data.

    (k) Quantitation reports, data system outputs, and other data to link the raw data to the results reported.

    (l) A written Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).

    8.1.2.2.6 The individual laboratory wishing to use a given modification must perform the start-up tests in Section 8.1.2 (e.g., DOC, MDL), with the modification as an integral part of this method prior to applying the modification to specific discharges. Results of the DOC must meet the QC acceptance criteria in Table 7 for the analytes of interest (Section 1.3), and the MDLs must be equal to or lower than the MDLs in Table3 for the analytes of interest

    8.1.3 Before analyzing samples, the laboratory must analyze a blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system, labware, and reagents are under control. Each time a batch of samples is analyzed or reagents are changed, a blank must be analyzed as a safeguard against laboratory contamination. Requirements for the blank are given in Section 8.5.

    8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of one sample, in duplicate, with the batch of samples run during a given 12-hour shift (see the note at Section 8.4). The laboratory must also spike and analyze, in duplicate, a minimum of 5% of all samples from a given site or discharge to monitor and evaluate method and laboratory performance on the sample matrix. The batch and site/discharge samples may be the same. The procedure for spiking and analysis is given in Section 8.3.

    8.1.5 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through analysis of a quality control check sample (laboratory control sample, LCS; on-going precision and recovery sample, OPR) that the measurement system is in control. This procedure is given in Section 8.4.

    8.1.6 The laboratory should maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is given in Section 8.8.

    8.1.7 The large number of analytes tested in performance tests in this method present a substantial probability that one or more will fail acceptance criteria when many analytes are tested simultaneously, and a re-test is allowed if this situation should occur. If, however, continued re-testing results in further repeated failures, the laboratory should document the failures (e.g., as qualifiers on results) and either avoid reporting results for analytes that failed or report the problem and failures with the data. Failure to report does not relieve a discharger or permittee of reporting timely results. Results for regulatory compliance must be accompanied by QC results that meet all acceptance criteria.

    8.2 Initial demonstration of capability (DOC)--To establish the ability to generate acceptable recovery and precision, the laboratory must perform the DOC in Sections 8.2.1 through 8.2.6 for the analytes of interest. The laboratory must also establish MDLs for the analytes of interest using the MDL procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B. The laboratory's MDLs must be equal to or lower than those listed in Table 1 for those analytes which list MDL values, or lower than one-third the regulatory compliance limit, whichever is greater. For MDLs not listed in Table 1, the laboratory must determine the MDLs using the MDL procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B under the same conditions

    Page 9034

    used to determine the MDLs for the analytes listed in Table 1. All procedures used in the analysis must be included in the DOC.

    8.2.1 For the DOC, a QC check sample concentrate containing each analyte of interest (Section 1.3) is prepared in methanol. The QC check sample concentrate must be prepared independently from those used for calibration, but may be from the same source as the second-source standard used for calibration verification/LCS (Sections 7.4 and 8.4). The concentrate should produce concentrations of the analytes of interest in water at the mid-point of the calibration range, and may be at the same concentration as the LCS (Section 8.4).

    Note: QC check sample concentrates are no longer available from EPA.

    8.2.2 Using a pipet or micro-syringe, prepare four LCSs by adding an appropriate volume of the concentrate to each of four aliquots of reagent water. The volume of reagent water must be the same as the volume that will be used for the sample, blank (Section 8.5), and MS/

    MSD (Section 8.3). A volume of 5 mL and a concentration of 20 mug/L were used to develop the QC acceptance criteria in Table 7. An alternative volume and sample concentration may be used, provided that all QC tests are performed and all QC acceptance criteria in this method are met. Also add an aliquot of the surrogate spiking solution (Section 6.7) and internal standard spiking solution (Section 7.3.1.3) to the reagent-water aliquots.

    8.2.3 Analyze the four LCSs according to the method beginning in Section 10.

    8.2.4 Calculate the average percent recovery (x) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (s) for each analyte using the four results.

    8.2.5 For each analyte, compare s and x with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and recovery in Table 7. For analytes in Tables 1 and 2 not listed in Table 7, DOC QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 11 and 12). If s and x for all analytes of interest meet the acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples may begin. If any individual s exceeds the precision limit or any individual x falls outside the range for recovery, system performance is unacceptable for that analyte.

    Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1 and 2 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail at least one of the acceptance criteria when many or all analytes are determined simultaneously. Therefore, the analyst is permitted to conduct a ``re-test'' as described in Sec. 8.2.6.

    8.2.6 When one or more of the analytes tested fail at least one of the acceptance criteria, repeat the test for only the analytes that failed. If results for these analytes pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of samples and blanks may proceed. If one or more of the analytes again fail, system performance is unacceptable for the analytes that failed the acceptance criteria. Correct the problem and repeat the test (Section 8.2). See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of repeated failures.

    Note: To maintain the validity of the test and re-test, system maintenance and/or adjustment is not permitted between this pair of tests.

    8.3 Matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD)--The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike at least 5% of the samples from each sample site being monitored in duplicate to assess accuracy (recovery and precision). The data user should identify the sample and the analytes of interest (Section 1.3) to be spiked. If direction cannot be obtained, the laboratory must spike at least one sample per batch of samples analyzed on a given 12-hour shift with the analytes in Table 1. Spiked sample results should be reported only to the data user whose sample was spiked, or as requested or required by a regulatory/

    control authority, or in a permit.

    8.3.1 If, as in compliance monitoring, the concentration of a specific analyte will be checked against a regulatory concentration limit, the concentration of the spike should be at that limit; otherwise, the concentration of the spike should be one to five times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, at or near the midpoint of the calibration range, or at the concentration in the LCS (Section 8.4) whichever concentration would be larger.

    8.3.2 Analyze one sample aliquot to determine the background concentration (B) of the each analyte of interest. If necessary, prepare a new check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) appropriate for the background concentration. Spike and analyze two additional sample aliquots, and determine the concentration after spiking (A1 and A2) of each analyte. Calculate the percent recoveries (P1 and P2) as 100 (A1-B)/T and 100 (A2-B)/T, where T is the known true value of the spike. Also calculate the relative percent difference (RPD) between the concentrations (A1 and A2) as 200 verbarlmA1-A2 verbarlm/(A1 + A2). If necessary, adjust the concentrations used to calculate the RPD to account for differences in the volumes of the spiked aliquots.

    8.3.3 Compare the percent recoveries (P1 and P2) and the RPD for each analyte in the MS/MSD aliquots with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria in Table 7. A laboratory may develop and apply QC acceptance criteria more restrictive than the criteria in Table 6, if desired.

    8.3.3.1 If any individual P falls outside the designated range for recovery in either aliquot, or the RPD limit is exceeded, the result for the analyte in the unspiked sample is suspect and may not be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes. See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of failures.

    8.3.3.2 The acceptance criteria in Table 7 were calculated to include an allowance for error in measurement of both the background and spike concentrations, assuming a spike to background ratio of 5:1. This error will be accounted for to the extent that the spike to background ratio approaches 5:1 (Reference 13). If spiking is performed at a concentration lower than 20 mug/L, the laboratory must use either the QC acceptance criteria in Table 7, or optional QC acceptance criteria calculated for the specific spike concentration. To use the optional acceptance criteria: (1) Calculate recovery (X') using the equation in Table 8, substituting the spike concentration (T) for C; (2) Calculate overall precision (S') using the equation in Table 8, substituting X' for x; (3) Calculate the range for recovery at the spike concentration as (100 X'/T) 2.44(100 S'/T)% (Reference 4). For analytes of interest in Tables 1 and 2 not listed in Table 7, QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 11 and 12).

    8.3.4 After analysis of a minimum of 20 MS/MSD samples for each target analyte and surrogate, the laboratory must calculate and apply in-house QC limits for recovery and RPD of future MS/MSD samples (Section 8.3). The QC limits for recovery are calculated as the mean observed recovery 3 standard deviations, and the upper QC limit for RPD is calculated as the mean RPD plus 3 standard deviations of the RPDs. The in-house QC limits must be updated at least every two years and re-established after any major change in the analytical instrumentation or process. At least 80% of the analytes tested in the MS/MSD must have in-house QC acceptance criteria that are tighter than those in

    Page 9035

    Table 7. If an in-house QC limit for the RPD is greater than the limit in Table 7, then the limit in Table 7 must be used. Similarly, if an in-house lower limit for recovery is below the lower limit in Table 7, then the lower limit in Table 7 must be used, and if an in-house upper limit for recovery is above the upper limit in Table 7, then the upper limit in Table 7 must be used. The laboratory must evaluate surrogate recovery data in each sample against its in-house surrogate recovery limits. The laboratory may use 60-140% as interim acceptance criteria for surrogate recoveries until in-house limits are developed.

    8.4 Calibration verification/laboratory control sample (LCS)--The working calibration curve or RF must be verified at the beginning of each 12-hour shift by the measurement of an LCS.

    Note: The 12-hour shift begins after analysis of the blank that follows the LCS and ends 12 hours later. The blank is outside of the 12-hour shift. The MS and MSD are treated as samples and are analyzed within the 12-hour shift.

    8.4.1 Prepare the LCS by adding QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) to reagent water. Include all analytes of interest (Section 1.3) in the LCS. The LCS may be the same sample prepared for the DOC (Section 8.2.1). The volume of reagent water must be the same as the volume used for the sample, blank (Section 8.5), and MS/MSD (Section 8.3). Also add an aliquot of the surrogate solution (Section 6.7) and internal standard solution (Section 7.3.1.3). The concentration of the analytes in reagent water should be the same as the concentration in the DOC (Section 8.2.2).

    8.4.2 Analyze the LCS prior to analysis of field samples in the batch of samples analyzed during the 12-hour shift (see the Note at Section 8.4). Determine the concentration (A) of each analyte. Calculate the percent recovery (Q) as 100 (A/T) %, where T is the true value of the concentration in the LCS.

    8.4.3 Compare the percent recovery (Q) for each analyte with its corresponding QC acceptance criterion in Table 7. For analytes of interest in Tables 1 and 2 not listed in Table 7, use the QC acceptance criteria developed for the MS/MSD (Section 8.3.3.2). If the recoveries for all analytes of interest fall within their respective QC acceptance criteria, analysis of blanks and field samples may proceed. If any individual Q falls outside the range, proceed according to Section 8.4.4.

    Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1-2 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail the acceptance criteria when all analytes are tested simultaneously. Because a re-

    test is allowed in event of failure (Sections 8.1.7 and 8.4.3), it may be prudent to analyze two LCSs together and evaluate results of the second analysis against the QC acceptance criteria only if an analyte fails the first test.

    8.4.4 Repeat the test only for those analytes that failed to meet the acceptance criteria (Q). If these analytes now pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples may proceed. Repeated failure, however, will confirm a general problem with the measurement system. If this occurs, repeat the test using a fresh LCS (Section 8.2.2) or an LCS prepared with a fresh QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1), or perform and document system repair. Subsequent to repair, repeat the calibration verification/LCS test (Section 8.4). If the acceptance criteria for Q cannot be met, re-

    calibrate the instrument (Section 7). If failure of the LCS indicates a systemic problem with samples analyzed during the 12-hour shift, re-

    analyze the samples analyzed during that 12-hour shift. See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of repeated failures.

    Note: To maintain the validity of the test and re-test, system maintenance and/or adjustment is not permitted between this pair of tests.

    8.4.5 After analysis of 20 LCS samples, the laboratory must calculate and apply in-house QC limits for recovery to future LCS samples (Section 8.4). Limits for recovery in the LCS are calculated as the mean recovery 3 standard deviations. A minimum of 80% of the analytes tested for in the LCS must have QC acceptance criteria tighter than those in Table 7. Many of the analytes and surrogates may not contain recommended acceptance criteria. The laboratory should use 60-140% as interim acceptance criteria for recoveries of spiked analytes and surrogates that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 7, until in-house LCS and surrogate limits are developed. If an in-house lower limit for recovery is lower than the lower limit in Table 7, the lower limit in Table 7 must be used, and if an in-house upper limit for recovery is higher than the upper limit in Table 7, the upper limit in Table 7 must be used.

    8.5 Blank--A blank must be analyzed at the beginning of each 12-

    hour shift to demonstrate freedom from contamination. A blank must also be analyzed after a sample containing a high concentration of an analyte or potentially interfering compound to demonstrate freedom from carry-over.

    8.5.1 Spike the internal standards and surrogates into the blank. Analyze the blank immediately after analysis of the LCS (Section 8.4) and prior to analysis of the MS/MSD and samples to demonstrate freedom from contamination.

    8.5.2 If any analyte of interest is found in the blank: (1) at a concentration greater than the MDL for the analyte, (2) at a concentration greater than one-third the regulatory compliance limit, or (3) at a concentration greater than one-tenth the concentration in a sample analyzed during the 12-hour shift (Section 8.4), whichever is greater; analysis of samples must be halted and samples affected by the blank must be re-analyzed. Samples must be associated with an uncontaminated blank before they may be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes.

    8.6 Surrogate recoveries--Spike the surrogates into all samples, blanks, LCSs, and MS/MSDs. Compare surrogate recoveries against the QC acceptance criteria in Table 7. For surrogates in Table 5 without QC acceptance criteria in Table 7, and for other surrogates that may be used by the laboratory, limits must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 11 and 12). If any recovery fails its criteria, attempt to find and correct the cause of the failure. Surrogate recoveries from the blank and LCS may be used as pass/fail criteria by the laboratory or as required by a regulatory authority, or may be used to diagnose problems with the analytical system.

    8.7 Internal standard responses.

    8.7.1 Calibration verification/LCS--The responses (GC peak heights or areas) of the internal standards in the calibration verification/LCS must be within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2x) of their respective responses in the mid-point calibration standard. If they are not, repeat the LCS test using a fresh QC check sample (Section 8.4.1) or perform and document system repair. Subsequent to repair, repeat the calibration verification/LCS test (Section 8.4). If the responses are still not within 50% to 200%, re-calibrate the instrument (Section 7) and repeat the calibration verification/LCS test.

    8.7.2 Samples, blanks, and MS/MSDs--The responses (GC peak heights or areas) of the internal standards in each sample, blank, and MS/MSD must be within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2x) of its respective response in the most recent LCS. If, as a group, all internal standard are not within this range, perform and document system repair, repeat the calibration verification/LCS test

    Page 9036

    (Section 8.4), and re-analyze the affected samples. If a single internal standard is not within the 50% to 200% range, use an alternate internal standard for quantitation of the analyte referenced to the affected internal standard.

    8.8 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, control charts or statements of accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records maintained periodically (see 40 CFR 136.7(c)(1)(viii)). After analysis of five or more spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (x) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent interval from x -2sp to x +2sp. For example, if x = 90% and sp = 10%, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each analyte on a regular basis (e.g., after each 5-10 new accuracy measurements).

    8.9 It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of environmental measurements. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

    9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

    9.1 Collect the sample as a grab sample in a glass container having a total volume of at least 25 mL. Fill the sample bottle just to overflowing in such a manner that no air bubbles pass through the sample as the bottle is being filled. Seal the bottle so that no air bubbles are entrapped in it. If needed, collect additional sample(s) for the MS/MSD (Section 8.3).

    9.2 Ice or refrigerate samples at 2) to the empty sample bottle just prior to shipping to the sampling site. Any method suitable for field use may be employed to test for residual chlorine (Reference 14). Field test kits are also available for this purpose. If sodium thiosulfate interferes in the determination of the analytes, an alternate preservative (e.g., ascorbic acid or sodium sulfite) may be used. If preservative has been added, shake the sample vigorously for one minute. Maintain the hermetic seal on the sample bottle until time of analysis.

    9.3 If acrolein is to be determined, analyze the sample within 3 days. To extend the holding time to 14 days, acidify a separate sample to pH 4-5 with HCl using the procedure in Section 9.7.

    9.4 Experimental evidence indicates that some aromatic compounds, notably benzene, toluene, and ethyl benzene are susceptible to rapid biological degradation under certain environmental conditions (Reference 3). Refrigeration alone may not be adequate to preserve these compounds in wastewaters for more than seven days. To extend the holding time for aromatic compounds to 14 days, acidify the sample to approximately pH 2 using the procedure in Section 9.7.

    9.5 If halocarbons are to be determined, either use the acidified aromatics sample in Section 9.4 or acidify a separate sample to a pH of about 2 using the procedure in Section 9.7. Aqueous samples should not be preserved with acid if the ethers in Table 2, or the alcohols that they would form upon hydrolysis, are of analytes of interest.

    9.6 The ethers listed in Table 2 are prone to hydrolysis at pH 2 when a heated purge is used. Aqueous samples should not be acid preserved if these ethers are of interest, or if the alcohols they would form upon hydrolysis are of interest and the ethers are anticipated to present.

    9.7 Sample acidification--Collect about 500 mL of sample in a clean container and adjust the pH of the sample to 4-5 for acrolein (Section 9.3), or to about 2 for the aromatic compounds (Section 9.4) by adding 1+1 HCl while swirling or stirring. Check the pH with narrow range pH paper. Fill a sample container as described in Section 9.1. Alternatively, fill a precleaned vial (Section 5.1.1) that contains approximately 0.25 mL of 1+1 HCl with sample as in Section 9.1. If preserved using this alternative procedure, the pH of the sample can be verified to be 0.06 of the RRT of the analyte in the LCS run at the beginning of the shift (Section 8.4). Relative retention time is used to establish the identification window because it compensates for small changes in the GC temperature program whereas the absolute retention time does not (see Section 7.3.1.2).

    Note: RRT is a unitless quantity (see Sec. 20.2), although some procedures refer to ``RRT units'' in providing the specification for the agreement between the RRT values in the sample and the LCS or other standard.

    12.1.3 Either (1) the background corrected EICP areas, or (2) the corrected relative intensities of the mass spectral peaks at the GC peak maximum, must agree within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2 times) for all m/z's in the reference mass spectrum stored in the data system (Section 7.3.2.3), or from a reference library. For example, if a peak has an intensity of 20% relative to the base peak, the analyte is identified if the intensity of the peak in the sample is in the range of 10% to 40% of the base peak.

    12.1.4 The m/z's present in the acquired mass spectrum for the sample that are not present in the reference mass spectrum must be accounted for by contaminant or background m/z's. A reference library may be helpful to identify and account for background or contaminant m/

    z's. If the acquired mass spectrum is contaminated, or if identification is ambiguous, an experienced spectrometrist (Section 1.6) must determine the presence or absence of the compound.

    12.2 Structural isomers that have very similar mass spectra can be identified only if the resolution between authentic isomers in a standard mix is acceptable. Acceptable resolution is achieved if the baseline to valley height between the isomers is less than 50% of the height of the shorter of the two peaks. Otherwise, structural isomers are identified as isomeric pairs.

    13. Calculations

    13.1 When an analyte has been identified, quantitation of that analyte is based on the integrated abundance from the EICP of the primary characteristic m/z in Table 5 or 6. Calculate the concentration using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.3.3 and Equation 2. If a calibration curve was used, calculate the concentration using the regression equation for the curve. If the concentration of an analyte exceeds the calibration range, dilute the sample by the minimum amount to bring the concentration into the calibration range, and re-

    analyze. Determine a dilution factor (DF) from the amount of the dilution. For example, if the extract is diluted by a factor of 2, DF = 2.

    GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.013

    Where:

    Cs = Concentration of the analyte in the sample, and the other terms are as defined in Section 7.3.3.

    13.2 Reporting of results.

    As noted in Section 1.4.1, EPA has promulgated this method at 40 CFR part 136 for use in wastewater compliance monitoring under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The data reporting practices described here are focused on such monitoring needs and may not be relevant to other uses of the method.

    13.2.1 Report results for wastewater samples in mug/L without correction for recovery. (Other units may be used if required by in a permit.) Report all QC data with the sample results.

    13.2.2 Reporting level.

    Unless otherwise specified in by a regulatory authority or in a discharge permit, results for analytes that meet the identification criteria are reported down to the concentration of the ML established by the laboratory through calibration of the instrument (see Section 7.3.2 and the glossary for the derivation of the ML). EPA considers the terms ``reporting limit,'' ``quantitation limit,'' and ``minimum level'' to be synonymous.

    13.2.2.1 Report a result for each analyte in each sample, blank, or standard at or above the ML to 3 significant figures. Report a result for each analyte found in each sample below the ML as ``12, are hazardous and must be neutralized before being poured down a drain, or must be handled and disposed of as hazardous waste.

    16.3 Many analytes in this method decompose above 500 degC. Low-

    level waste such as absorbent paper, tissues, and plastic gloves may be burned in an appropriate incinerator. Gross quantities of neat or highly concentrated solutions of toxic or hazardous chemicals should be packaged securely and disposed of through commercial or governmental channels that are capable of handling these types of wastes.

    16.4 For further information on waste management, consult The Waste Management Manual for Laboratory Personnel and Less is Better-

    Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction, available from the American Chemical Society's Department of Government Relations and Science Policy, 1155 16th Street NW., Washington, DC 20036, 202/872-

    4477.

    17. References

    1. Bellar, T.A. and Lichtenberg, J.J. ``Determining Volatile Organics at Microgram-per-Litre Levels by Gas Chromatography,'' Journal American Water Works Association, 66, 739 (1974).

    2. ``Sampling and Analysis Procedures for Screening of Industrial Effluents for Priority Pollutants,'' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, March 1977, Revised April 1977.

    3. Bellar, T.A. and Lichtenberg, J.J. ``Semi-Automated Headspace Analysis of Drinking Waters and Industrial Waters for Purgeable Volatile Organic Compounds,'' Measurement of Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater, C.E. Van Hall, editor, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. Special Technical Publication 686, 1978.

    4. ``EPA Method Study 29 EPA Method 624-Purgeables,'' EPA 600/4-84-

    054, National Technical Information Service, PB84-209915, Springfield, Virginia 22161, June 1984.

    5. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

    6. ``Method Detection Limit for Methods 624 and 625,'' Olynyk, P., Budde, W.L., and Eichelberger, J.W. Unpublished report, May 14, 1980.

    7. ``Carcinogens-Working With Carcinogens,'' Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 77-206, August 1977.

    8. ``OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry,'' (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

    9. ``Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,'' American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 7th Edition, 2003.

    10. 40 CFR 136.6(b)(5)(x).

    11. 40 CFR 136.6(b)(2)(i).

    12. Protocol for EPA Approval of New Methods for Organic and Inorganic Analytes in Wastewater and Drinking Water (EPA-821-B-98-

    003) March 1999

    13. Provost, L.P. and Elder, R.S. ``Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,'' American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983).

    14. 40 CFR 136.3(a), Table IB, Chlorine--Total residual

    15. Budde, W.L. and Eichelberger, J.W. ``Performance Tests for the Evaluation of Computerized Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Equipment and Laboratories,'' EPA-600/4-80-025, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, April 1980.

    16. ``Method Performance Data for Method 624,'' Memorandum from R. Slater and T. Pressley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, January 17, 1984.

    18. Tables

    Page 9039

    Table 1--Purgeables \1\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS Registry No. MDL (mug/L) \2\ ML (mug/L) \3\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acrolein............................................... 107-02-8

    Acrylonitrile.......................................... 107-13-1

    Benzene................................................ 71-43-2 4.4 13.2

    Bromodichloromethane................................... 75-27-4 2.2 6.6

    Bromoform.............................................. 75-25-2 4.7 14.1

    Bromomethane........................................... 74-83-9

    Carbon tetrachloride................................... 56-23-5 2.8 8.4

    Chlorobenzene.......................................... 108-90-7 6.0 18.0

    Chloroethane........................................... 75-00-3

    2-Chloroethylvinyl ether............................... 110-75-8

    Chloroform............................................. 67-66-3 1.6 4.8

    Chloromethane.......................................... 74-87-3

    Dibromochloromethane................................... 124-48-1 3.1 9.3

    1,2-Dichlorobenzene.................................... 95-50-1

    1,3-Dichlorobenzene.................................... 541-73-1

    1,4-Dichlorobenzene.................................... 106-46-7

    1,1-Dichloroethane..................................... 75-34-3 4.7 14.1

    1,2-Dichloroethane..................................... 107-06-2 2.8 8.4

    1,1-Dichloroethene..................................... 75-35-4 2.8 8.4

    trans-1,2-Dichloroethene............................... 156-60-5 1.6 4.8

    1,2-Dichloropropane.................................... 78-87-5 6.0 18.0

    cis-1,3-Dichloropropene................................ 10061-01-5 5.0 15.0

    trans-1,3-Dichloropropene.............................. 10061-02-6

    Ethyl benzene.......................................... 100-41-4 7.2 21.6

    Methylene chloride..................................... 75-09-2 2.8 8.4

    1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane.............................. 79-34-5 6.9 20.7

    Tetrachloroethene...................................... 127-18-4 4.1 12.3

    Toluene................................................ 108-88-3 6.0 18.0

    1,1,1-Trichloroethane.................................. 71-55-6 3.8 11.4

    1,1,2-Trichloroethane.................................. 79-00-5 5.0 15.0

    Trichloroethene........................................ 79-01-6 1.9 5.7

    Vinyl chloride......................................... 75-01-4

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ All the analytes in this table are Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A)

    \2\ MDL values from the 1984 promulgated version of Method 624

    \3\ ML = Minimum Level--see Glossary for definition and derivation

    Table 2--Additional Purgeables

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS Registry

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acetone \1\............................................. 67-64-1

    Acetonitrile \2\........................................ 75-05-8

    Allyl alcohol \1\....................................... 107-18-6

    Allyl chloride.......................................... 107-05-1

    t-Amyl ethyl ether (TAEE)............................... 919-94-8

    t-Amyl methyl ether (TAME).............................. 994-058

    Benzyl chloride......................................... 100-44-7

    Bromoacetone \2\........................................ 598-31-2

    Bromobenzene............................................ 108-86-1

    Bromochloromethane...................................... 74-97-5

    1,3-Butadiene........................................... 106-99-0

    n-Butanol \1\........................................... 71-36-3

    2-Butanone (MEK) 1 2.................................... 78-93-3

    t-Butyl alcohol (TBA)................................... 75-65-0

    n-Butylbenzene.......................................... 104-51-8

    sec-Butylbenzene........................................ 135-98-8

    t-Butylbenzene.......................................... 98-06-6

    t-Butyl ethyl ether (ETBE).............................. 637-92-3

    Carbon disulfide........................................ 75-15-0

    Chloral hydrate \2\..................................... 302-17-0

    Chloroacetonitrile \1\.................................. 107-14-2

    1-Chlorobutane.......................................... 109-69-3

    Chlorodifluoromethane................................... 75-45-6

    2-Chloroethanol \ 2\.................................... 107-07-3

    bis (2-Chloroethyl) sulfide \ 2\........................ 505-60-2

    1-Chlorohexanone........................................ 20261-68-1

    Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene).................... 126-99-8

    3-Chloropropene......................................... 107-05-1

    3-Chloropropionitrile................................... 542-76-7

    2-Chlorotoluene......................................... 95-49-8

    4-Chlorotoluene......................................... 106-43-4

    Crotonaldehyde 1 2...................................... 123-73-9

    Cyclohexanone........................................... 108-94-1

    1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane............................. 96-12-8

    1,2-Dibromoethane....................................... 106-93-4

    Dibromomethane.......................................... 74-95-3

    cis-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene............................... 1476-11-5

    trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene............................. 110-57-6

    cis-1,2-Dichloroethene.................................. 156-59-2

    Dichlorodifluoromethane................................. 75-71-8

    1,3-Dichloropropane..................................... 142-28-9

    2,2-Dichloropropane..................................... 590-20-7

    1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol \2\............................. 96-23-1

    1,1-Dichloropropene..................................... 563-58-6

    cis-1,3-Dichloropropene................................. 10061-01-5

    1:2,3:4-Diepoxybutane................................... 1464-53-5

    Diethyl ether........................................... 60-29-7

    Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)................................ 108-20-3

    1,4-Dioxane \2\......................................... 123-91-1

    Epichlorohydrin \2\..................................... 106-89-8

    Ethanol \2\............................................. 64-17-5

    Ethyl acetate \2\....................................... 141-78-6

    Ethyl methacrylate...................................... 97-63-2

    Ethylene oxide \2\...................................... 75-21-8

    Hexachlorobutadiene..................................... 87-63-3

    Hexachloroethane........................................ 67-72-1

    2-Hexanone \2\.......................................... 591-78-6

    Iodomethane............................................. 74-88-4

    Isobutyl alcohol \1\.................................... 78-83-1

    Isopropylbenzene........................................ 98-82-8

    p-Isopropyltoluene...................................... 99-87-6

    Methacrylonitrile \2\................................... 126-98-7

    Methanol \2\............................................ 67-56-1

    Malonitrile \2\......................................... 109-77-3

    Methyl acetate.......................................... 79-20-9

    Methyl acrylate......................................... 96-33-3

    Methyl cyclohexane...................................... 108-87-2

    Methyl iodide........................................... 74-88-4

    Methyl methacrylate..................................... 78-83-1

    4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) \2\......................... 108-10-1

    Methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE)............................. 1634-04-4

    Naphthalene............................................. 91-20-3

    Nitrobenzene............................................ 98-95-3

    N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine \2\........................... 924-16-3

    2-Nitropropane.......................................... 79-46-9

    Paraldehyde \2\......................................... 123-63-7

    Pentachloroethane \2\................................... 76-01-7

    Pentafluorobenzene...................................... 363-72-4

    2-Pentanone \2\......................................... 107-19-7

    2-Picoline \2\.......................................... 109-06-8

    1-Propanol \1\.......................................... 71-23-8

    2-Propanol \1\.......................................... 67-63-0

    Propargyl alcohol \2\................................... 107-19-7

    beta-Propiolactone \2\.................................. 57-58-8

    Propionitrile (ethyl cyanide) \1\....................... 107-12-0

    n-Propylamine........................................... 107-10-8

    n-Propylbenzene......................................... 103-65-1

    Pyridine \2\............................................ 110-86-1

    Page 9040

    Styrene................................................. 100-42-5

    1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane............................... 630-20-6

    Tetrahydrofuran......................................... 109-99-9

    o-Toluidine \2\......................................... 95-53-4

    1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene.................................. 87-61-6

    Trichlorofluoromethane.................................. 75-69-4

    1,2,3-Trichloropropane.................................. 96-18-4

    1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene.................................. 526-73-8

    1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene.................................. 95-63-6

    1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene.................................. 108-67-8

    Vinyl acetate........................................... 108-05-4

    m-Xylene \3\............................................ 108-38-3

    o-Xylene \3\............................................ 95-47-6

    p-Xylene \3\............................................ 106-42-3

    m+o- Xylene \3\......................................... 179601-22-0

    m+p- Xylene \3\......................................... 179601-23-1

    o+p- Xylene \3\......................................... 136777-61-2

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Determined at a purge temperature of 80 degC.

    \2\ May be detectable at a purge temperature of 80 degC.

    \3\ Determined in combination separated by GC column. Most GC columns

    will resolve o-xylene from m+p-xylene. Report using the CAS number for

    the individual xylene or the combination, as determined.

    Table 3--Example Retention Times

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Retention

    Analyte time (min)

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Chloromethane.............................................. 3.68

    Vinyl chloride............................................. 3.92

    Bromomethane............................................... 4.50

    Chloroethane............................................... 4.65

    Trichlorofluoromethane..................................... 5.25

    Diethyl ether.............................................. 5.88

    Acrolein................................................... 6.12

    1,1-Dichloroethene......................................... 6.30

    Acetone.................................................... 6.40

    Iodomethane................................................ 6.58

    Carbon disulfide........................................... 6.72

    3-Chloropropene............................................ 6.98

    Methylene chloride......................................... 7.22

    Acrylonitrile.............................................. 7.63

    trans-1,2-Dichloroethene................................... 7.73

    1,1-Dichloroethane......................................... 8.45

    Vinyl acetate.............................................. 8.55

    Allyl alcohol.............................................. 8.58

    2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene..................................... 8.65

    Methyl ethyl ketone........................................ 9.50

    cis-1,2-Dichloroethene..................................... 9.50

    Ethyl cyanide.............................................. 9.57

    Methacrylonitrile.......................................... 9.83

    Chloroform................................................. 10.05

    1,1,1-Trichloroethane...................................... 10.37

    Carbon tetrachloride....................................... 10.70

    Isobutanol................................................. 10.77

    Benzene.................................................... 10.98

    1,2-Dichloroethane......................................... 11.00

    Crotonaldehyde............................................. 11.45

    Trichloroethene............................................ 12.08

    1,2-Dichloropropane........................................ 12.37

    Methyl methacrylate........................................ 12.55

    p-Dioxane.................................................. 12.63

    Dibromomethane............................................. 12.65

    Bromodichloromethane....................................... 12.95

    Chloroacetonitrile......................................... 13.27

    2-Chloroethylvinyl ether................................... 13.45

    cis-1,3-Dichloropropene.................................... 13.65

    4-Methyl-2-pentanone....................................... 13.83

    Toluene.................................................... 14.18

    trans-1,3-Dichloropropene.................................. 14.57

    Ethyl methacrylate......................................... 14.70

    1,1,2-Trichloroethane...................................... 14.93

    1,3-Dichloropropane........................................ 15.18

    Tetrachloroethene.......................................... 15.22

    2-Hexanone................................................. 15.30

    Dibromochloromethane....................................... 15.68

    1,2-Dibromoethane.......................................... 15.90

    Chlorobenzene.............................................. 16.78

    Ethylbenzene............................................... 16.82

    1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane.................................. 16.87

    m+p-Xylene................................................. 17.08

    o-Xylene................................................... 17.82

    Bromoform.................................................. 18.27

    Bromofluorobenzene......................................... 18.80

    1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane.................................. 18.98

    1,2,3-Trichloropropane..................................... 19.08

    trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene................................ 19.12

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Column: 75 m x 0.53 mm ID x 3.0 mum wide-bore DB-624.

    Conditions: 40degC for 4 min, 9degC/min to 200degC, 20degC/min

    (or higher) to 250degC, hold for 20 min at 250degC to remove

    water.

    Carrier gas flow rate: 6-7 mL/min at 40degC.

    Inlet split ratio: 3:1.

    Interface split ratio: 7:2.

    Table 4--BFB Key m/z Abundance Criteria \ 1\

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    m/z Abundance criteria

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    50........................................ 15-40% of m/z 95.

    75........................................ 30-60% of m/z 95.

    95........................................ Base Peak, 100% Relative

    Abundance.

    96........................................ 5-9% of m/z 95.

    173....................................... 50% of m/z 95.

    175....................................... 5-9% of m/z 174.

    176....................................... >95% but greater than

    % percent

    20.1.2 Abbreviations (in alphabetical order)

    cm centimeter

    g gram

    h hour

    ID inside diameter

    in. inch

    L liter

    M Molecular ion

    m mass

    mg milligram

    min minute

    mL milliliter

    mm millimeter

    ms millisecond

    m/z mass-to-charge ratio

    N normal; gram molecular weight of solute divided by hydrogen equivalent of solute, per liter of solution

    ng nanogram

    pg picogram

    ppb part-per-billion

    ppm part-per-million

    ppt part-per-trillion

    psig pounds-per-square inch gauge

    v/v volume per unit volume

    w/v weight per unit volume

    20.2 Definitions and acronyms (in alphabetical order)

    Analyte--A compound tested for by this method. The analytes are listed in Tables 1 and 2.

    Analyte of interest--An analyte of interest is an analyte required to be

    Page 9045

    determined by a regulatory/control authority or in a permit, or by a client.

    Analytical batch--The set of samples analyzed on a given instrument during a 12-hour period that begins and ends with analysis of a calibration verification/LCS. See Section 8.4.

    Blank--An aliquot of reagent water that is treated exactly as a sample including exposure to all glassware, equipment, solvents, reagents, internal standards, and surrogates that are used with samples. The blank is used to determine if analytes or interferences are present in the laboratory environment, the reagents, or the apparatus. See Section 8.5.

    Calibration--The process of determining the relationship between the output or response of a measuring instrument and the value of an input standard. Historically, EPA has referred to a multi-point calibration as the ``initial calibration,'' to differentiate it from a single-point calibration verification.

    Calibration standard--A solution prepared from stock solutions and/

    or a secondary standards and containing the analytes of interest, surrogates, and internal standards. The calibration standard is used to calibrate the response of the GC/MS instrument against analyte concentration.

    Calibration verification standard--The laboratory control sample (LCS) used to verify calibration. See Section 8.4.

    Descriptor--In SIM, the beginning and ending retention times for the RT window, the m/z's sampled in the RT window, and the dwell time at each m/z.

    Extracted ion current profile (EICP)--The line described by the signal at a given m/z.

    Field duplicates--Two samples collected at the same time and place under identical conditions, and treated identically throughout field and laboratory procedures. Results of analyses of field duplicates provide an estimate of the precision associated with sample collection, preservation, and storage, as well as with laboratory procedures.

    Field blank--An aliquot of reagent water or other reference matrix that is placed in a sample container in the field, and treated as a sample in all respects, including exposure to sampling site conditions, storage, preservation, and all analytical procedures. The purpose of the field blank is to determine if the field or sample transporting procedures and environments have contaminated the sample.

    GC--Gas chromatograph or gas chromatography

    Internal standard--A compound added to a sample in a known amount and used as a reference for quantitation of the analytes of interest and surrogates. Internal standards are listed in Table 5. Also see Internal standard quantitation.

    Internal standard quantitation--A means of determining the concentration of an analyte of interest (Tables 1 and 2) by reference to a compound added to a sample and not expected to be found in the sample.

    DOC--Initial demonstration of capability (DOC; Section 8.2); four aliquots of reagent water spiked with the analytes of interest and analyzed to establish the ability of the laboratory to generate acceptable precision and recovery. A DOC is performed prior to the first time this method is used and any time the method or instrumentation is modified.

    Laboratory control sample (LCS; laboratory fortified blank (LFB); on-going precision and recovery sample; OPR)--An aliquot of reagent water spiked with known quantities of the analytes of interest and surrogates. The LCS is analyzed exactly like a sample. Its purpose is to assure that the results produced by the laboratory remain within the limits specified in this method for precision and recovery. In this method, the LCS is synonymous with a calibration verification sample (See Sections 7.4 and 8.4).

    Laboratory fortified sample matrix--See Matrix spike.

    Laboratory reagent blank--See Blank.

    Matrix spike (MS) and matrix spike duplicate (MSD) (laboratory fortified sample matrix and duplicate)--Two aliquots of an environmental sample to which known quantities of the analytes of interest and surrogates are added in the laboratory. The MS/MSD are prepared and analyzed exactly like a field sample. Their purpose is to quantify any additional bias and imprecision caused by the sample matrix. The background concentrations of the analytes in the sample matrix must be determined in a separate aliquot and the measured values in the MS/MSD corrected for background concentrations.

    May--This action, activity, or procedural step is neither required nor prohibited.

    May not--This action, activity, or procedural step is prohibited.

    Method blank (laboratory reagent blank)--See Blank.

    Method detection limit (MDL)--A detection limit determined by the procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B. The MDLs determined by EPA in the original version of the method are listed in Table 1. As noted in Sec. 1.4, use the MDLs in Table 1 in conjunction with current MDL data from the laboratory actually analyzing samples to assess the sensitivity of this procedure relative to project objectives and regulatory requirements (where applicable).

    Minimum level (ML)--The term ``minimum level'' refers to either the sample concentration equivalent to the lowest calibration point in a method or a multiple of the method detection limit (MDL), whichever is higher. Minimum levels may be obtained in several ways: They may be published in a method; they may be based on the lowest acceptable calibration point used by a laboratory; or they may be calculated by multiplying the MDL in a method, or the MDL determined by a laboratory, by a factor of 3. For the purposes of NPDES compliance monitoring, EPA considers the following terms to be synonymous: ``quantitation limit,'' ``reporting limit,'' and ``minimum level.''

    MS--Mass spectrometer or mass spectrometry.

    Must--This action, activity, or procedural step is required.

    m/z--The ratio of the mass of an ion (m) detected in the mass spectrometer to the charge (z) of that ion.

    Quality control sample (QCS)--A sample containing analytes of interest at known concentrations. The QCS is obtained from a source external to the laboratory or is prepared from standards obtained from a different source than the calibration standards.

    The purpose is to check laboratory performance using test materials that have been prepared independent of the normal preparation process.

    Reagent water--Water demonstrated to be free from the analytes of interest and potentially interfering substances at the MDLs for the analytes in this method.

    Regulatory compliance limit (or regulatory concentration limit)--A limit on the concentration or amount of a pollutant or contaminant specified in a nationwide standard, in a permit, or otherwise established by a regulatory/control authority.

    Relative retention time (RRT)--The ratio of the retention time of an analyte to the retention time of its associated internal standard. RRT compensates for small changes in the GC temperature program that can affect the absolute retention times of the analyte and internal standard. RRT is a unitless quantity.

    Relative standard deviation (RSD)--The standard deviation times 100

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    divided by the mean. Also termed ``coefficient of variation.''

    RF--Response factor. See Section 7.3.3.

    RSD--See relative standard deviation.

    Safety Data Sheet (SDS)--Written information on a chemical's toxicity, health hazards, physical properties, fire, and reactivity, including storage, spill, and handling precautions that meet the requirements of OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) and appendix D to Sec. 1910.1200. United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), third revised edition, United Nations, 2009.

    Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM)--An MS technique in which a few m/z's are monitored. When used with gas chromatography, the m/z's monitored are usually changed periodically throughout the chromatographic run to correlate with the characteristic m/z's for the analytes, surrogates, and internal standards as they elute from the chromatographic column. The technique is often used to increase sensitivity and minimize interferences.

    Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)--The height of the signal as measured from the mean (average) of the noise to the peak maximum divided by the width of the noise.

    SIM--See Selection Ion Monitoring.

    Should--This action, activity, or procedural step is suggested but not required.

    Stock solution--A solution containing an analyte that is prepared using a reference material traceable to EPA, the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), or a source that will attest to the purity and authenticity of the reference material.

    Surrogate--A compound unlikely to be found in a sample, and which is spiked into sample in a known amount before purge-and-trap. The surrogate is quantitated with the same procedures used to quantitate the analytes of interest. The purpose of the surrogate is to monitor method performance with each sample.

    * * * * *

    Method 625.1--Base/Neutrals and Acids by GC/MS

    1. Scope and Application

    1.1 This method is for determination of semivolatile organic pollutants in industrial discharges and other environmental samples by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. This revision is based on a previous protocol (Reference 1), on the basic revision promulgated October 26, 1984 (49 FR 43234), and on an interlaboratory method validation study (Reference 2). Although this method was validated through an interlaboratory study conducted more than 29 years ago, the fundamental chemistry principles used in this method remain sound and continue to apply.

    1.2 The analytes that may be qualitatively and quantitatively determined using this method and their CAS Registry numbers are listed in Tables 1 and 2. The method may be extended to determine the analytes listed in Table 3; however, extraction or gas chromatography of some of these analytes may make quantitative determination difficult. For examples, benzidine is subject to oxidative losses during solvent concentration. Under the alkaline conditions of the extraction, alpha-

    BHC, gamma-BHC, endosulfan I and II, and endrin are subject to decomposition. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is subject to thermal decomposition in the inlet of the gas chromatograph, chemical reaction in acetone solution, and photochemical decomposition. N-

    nitrosodiphenylamine and other nitrosoamines may decompose in the gas chromatographic inlet. EPA has provided other methods (e.g., Method 607--Nitrosamines) for determination of some of these analytes.

    1.3 The large number of analytes in Tables 1-3 of this method makes testing difficult if all analytes are determined simultaneously. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and perform quality control (QC) tests for the ``analytes of interest'' only. Analytes of interest are those required to be determined by a regulatory/control authority or in a permit, or by a client. If a list of analytes is not specified, the analytes in Tables 1 and 2 must be determined, at a minimum, and QC testing must be performed for these analytes. The analytes in Tables 1 and 2, and some of the analytes in Table 3 have been identified as Toxic Pollutants (40 CFR 401.15), expanded to a list of Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    1.4 In this revision to Method 625, the pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been moved from Table 1 to Table 3 (Additional Analytes) to distinguish these analytes from the analytes required in quality control tests (Tables 1 and 2). QC acceptance criteria for pesticides and PCBs have been retained in Table 6 and may continue to be applied if desired, or if requested or required by a regulatory/control authority or in a permit. Method 608 should be used for determination of pesticides and PCBs. Method 1668C may be useful for determination of PCBs as individual chlorinated biphenyl congeners, and Method 1699 may be useful for determination of pesticides. At the time of writing of this revision, Methods 1668C and 1699 had not been approved for use at 40 CFR part 136. The screening procedure for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) contained in the version of Method 625 promulgated October 26, 1984 (49 FR 43234) has been replaced with procedures for selected ion monitoring (SIM), and 2,3,7,8-TCDD may be determined using the SIM procedures. However, EPA Method 613 or 1613B should be used for analyte-specific determination of 2,3,7,8-TCDD because of the focus of these methods on this compound. Methods 613 and 1613B are approved for use at 40 CFR part 136.

    1.5 Method detection limits (MDLs; Reference 3) for the analytes in Tables 1, 2, and 3 are listed in those tables. These MDLs were determined in reagent water (Reference 4). Advances in analytical technology, particularly the use of capillary (open-tubular) columns, allowed laboratories to routinely achieve MDLs for the analytes in this method that are 2-10 times lower than those in the version promulgated in 1984 (40 FR 43234). The MDL for an analyte in a specific wastewater may differ from those listed, depending upon the nature of interferences in the sample matrix.

    1.5.1 EPA has promulgated this method at 40 CFR part 136 for use in wastewater compliance monitoring under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The data reporting practices described in Section 15.2 are focused on such monitoring needs and may not be relevant to other uses of the method.

    1.5.2 This method includes ``reporting limits'' based on EPA's ``minimum level'' (ML) concept (see the glossary in Section 22). Tables 1, 2, and 3 contain MDL values and ML values for many of the analytes. The MDL for an analyte in a specific wastewater may differ from those listed in Tables 1, 2, and 3, depending upon the nature of interferences in the sample matrix.

    1.6 This method is performance-based. It may be modified to improve performance (e.g., to overcome interferences or improve the accuracy of results) provided all performance requirements are met.

    1.6.1 Examples of allowed method modifications are described at 40 CFR 136.6. Other examples of allowed modifications specific to this method are described in Section 8.1.2.

    Page 9047

    1.6.2 Any modification beyond those expressly permitted at 40 CFR 136.6 or in Section 8.1.2 of this method shall be considered a major modification subject to application and approval of an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5.

    1.6.3 For regulatory compliance, any modification must be demonstrated to produce results equivalent or superior to results produced by this method when applied to relevant wastewaters (Section 8.3).

    1.7 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the use of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and in the interpretation of mass spectra. Each laboratory that uses this method must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results using the procedure in Section 8.2.

    1.8 Terms and units of measure used in this method are given in the glossary at the end of the method.

    2. Summary of Method

    2.1 A measured volume of sample, sufficient to meet an MDL or reporting limit, is serially extracted with methylene chloride at pH 11-13 and again at a pH less than 2 using a separatory funnel or continuous liquid/liquid extractor.

    2.2 The extract is concentrated to a volume necessary to meet the required compliance or detection limit, and analyzed by GC/MS. Qualitative identification of an analyte in the extract is performed using the retention time and the relative abundance of two or more characteristic masses (m/z's). Quantitative analysis is performed using the internal standard technique with a single characteristic m/z.

    3. Contamination and Interferences

    3.1 Solvents, reagents, glassware, and other sample processing labware may yield artifacts, elevated baselines, or matrix interferences causing misinterpretation of chromatograms and mass spectra. All materials used in the analysis must be demonstrated to be free from contamination and interferences by analyzing blanks initially and with each extraction batch (samples started through the extraction process in a given 12-hour period, to a maximum of 20 samples--see Glossary for detailed definition), as described in Section 8.5. Specific selection of reagents and purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be required. Where possible, labware is cleaned by extraction or solvent rinse, or baking in a kiln or oven.

    3.2 Glassware must be scrupulously cleaned (Reference 5). Clean all glassware as soon as possible after use by rinsing with the last solvent used in it. Solvent rinsing should be followed by detergent washing with hot water, and rinses with tap water and reagent water. The glassware should then be drained dry, and heated at 400 degC for 15-30 minutes. Some thermally stable materials, such as PCBs, may require higher temperatures and longer baking times for removal. Solvent rinses with pesticide quality acetone, hexane, or other solvents may be substituted for heating. Volumetric labware should not be heated above 90 degC. After drying and cooling, glassware should be sealed and stored in a clean environment to prevent any accumulation of dust or other contaminants. Store inverted or capped with solvent-

    rinsed or baked aluminum foil.

    3.3 Matrix interferences may be caused by contaminants co-extracted from the sample. The extent of matrix interferences will vary considerably from source to source, depending upon the nature and diversity of the industrial complex or municipality being sampled. Interferences extracted from samples high in total organic carbon (TOC) may result in elevated baselines, or by enhancing or suppressing a signal at or near the retention time of an analyte of interest. Analyses of the matrix spike and duplicate (Section 8.3) may be useful in identifying matrix interferences, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC; Section 11.1) and sulfur removal (Section 11.2) may aid in eliminating these interferences. EPA has provided guidance that may aid in overcoming matrix interferences (Reference 6).

    3.4 In samples that contain an inordinate number of interferences, the use of chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry may make identification easier. Tables 4 and 5 give characteristic CI m/z's for many of the analytes covered by this method. The use of CI mass spectrometry to support electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry is encouraged, but not required.

    4. Safety

    4.1 Hazards associated with each reagent used in this method have not been precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health hazard. From this viewpoint, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to the lowest possible level by whatever means available. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of safety data sheets (SDSs, OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)) should also be made available to all personnel involved in sample handling and chemical analysis. Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified (References 7-9) for the information of the analyst.

    4.2 The following analytes covered by this method have been tentatively classified as known or suspected human or mammalian carcinogens: benzo(a)anthracene, benzidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, benzo(a)pyrene, alpha-BHC, beta-BHC, delta-BHC, gamma-BHC, Dibenz(a,h)-

    anthracene, N-nitrosodimethylamine, 4,4'-DDT, and PCBs. Other compounds in Table 3 may also be toxic. Primary standards of toxic compounds should be prepared in a chemical fume hood, and a NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when handling high concentrations of these compounds.

    4.3 This method allows the use of hydrogen as a carrier gas in place of helium (Section 5.6.1.2). The laboratory should take the necessary precautions in dealing with hydrogen, and should limit hydrogen flow at the source to prevent buildup of an explosive mixture of hydrogen in air.

    5. Apparatus and Materials

    Note: Brand names, suppliers, and part numbers are for illustration purposes only. No endorsement is implied. Equivalent performance may be achieved using equipment and materials other than those specified here. Demonstrating that the equipment and supplies used in the laboratory achieves the required performance is the responsibility of the laboratory. Suppliers for equipment and materials in this method may be found through an on-line search. Please do not contact EPA for supplier information.

    5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete or composite sampling.

    5.1.1 Grab sample bottle--amber glass bottle large enough to contain the necessary sample volume, fitted with a fluoropolymer-lined screw cap. Foil may be substituted for fluoropolymer if the sample is not corrosive. If amber bottles are not available, protect samples from light. Unless pre-cleaned, the bottle and cap liner must be washed, rinsed with acetone or methylene chloride, and dried before use to minimize contamination.

    5.1.2 Automatic sampler (optional)--the sampler must incorporate a pre-cleaned glass sample container. Samples must be kept refrigerated at 2 degC). The bath should be used in a hood.

    5.5 Balances.

    5.5.1 Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.1 mg.

    5.5.2 Top loading, capable of accurately weighing 10 mg.

    5.6 GC/MS system.

    5.6.1 Gas chromatograph (GC)--An analytical system complete with a temperature programmable gas chromatograph and all required accessories, including syringes and analytical columns.

    5.6.1.1 Injection port--Can be split, splitless, temperature programmable split/splitless (PTV), solvent-purge, large-volume, on-

    column, backflushed, or other. An autosampler is highly recommended because it injects volumes more precisely than volumes injected manually.

    5.6.1.2 Carrier gas--Helium or hydrogen. Data in the tables in this method were obtained using helium carrier gas. If hydrogen is used, analytical conditions may need to be adjusted for optimum performance, and calibration and all QC tests must be performed with hydrogen carrier gas. See Section 4.3 for precautions regarding the use of hydrogen as a carrier gas.

    5.6.2 GC column--See the footnotes to Tables 4 and 5. Other columns or column systems may be used provided all requirements in this method are met.

    5.6.3 Mass spectrometer--Capable of repetitively scanning from 35-

    450 Daltons (amu) every two seconds or less, utilizing a 70 eV (nominal) electron energy in the electron impact ionization mode, and producing a mass spectrum which meets all the criteria in Table 9A or 9B when 50 ng or less of decafluorotriphenyl phosphine (DFTPP; CAS 5074-71-5; bis(pentafluorophenyl) phenyl phosphine) is injected into the GC.

    5.6.4 GC/MS interface--Any GC to MS interface that meets all performance requirements in this method may be used.

    5.6.5 Data system--A computer system must be interfaced to the mass spectrometer that allows the continuous acquisition and storage of mass spectra acquired throughout the chromatographic program. The computer must have software that allows searching any GC/MS data file for specific m/z's (masses) and plotting m/z abundances versus time or scan number. This type of plot is defined as an extracted ion current profile (EICP). Software must also be available that allows integrating the abundance at any EICP between specified time or scan number limits.

    5.7 Automated gel permeation chromatograph (GPC).

    5.7.1 GPC column--150--700 mm long x 21-25 mm ID, packed with 70 g of SX-3 Biobeads; Bio-Rad Labs, or equivalent

    5.7.2 Pump, injection valve, UV detector, and other apparatus necessary to meet the requirements in this method.

    5.8 Nitrogen evaporation device--Equipped with a water bath than can be maintained at 30-45 degC; N-Evap, Organomation Associates, or equivalent.

    6. Reagents

    6.1 Reagent water--Reagent water is defined as water in which the analytes of interest and interfering compounds are not detected at the MDLs of the analytes of interest.

    6.2 Sodium hydroxide solution (10 N)--Dissolve 40 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 100 mL.

    6.3 Sodium thiosulfate--(ACS) granular.

    6.4 Sulfuric acid (1+1)--Slowly add 50 mL of H2SO4 (ACS, sp. gr. 1.84) to 50 mL of reagent water.

    6.5 Acetone, methanol, methylene chloride, 2-propanol--High purity pesticide quality, or equivalent, demonstrated to be free of the analytes of interest and interferences (Section 3). Purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be required.

    6.6 Sodium sulfate--(ACS) granular, anhydrous, rinsed or Soxhlet extracted with methylene chloride (20 mL/g), baked at in a shallow tray at 450 degC for one hour minimum, cooled in a desiccator, and stored in a pre-cleaned glass bottle with screw cap that prevents moisture from entering.

    6.7 Stock standard solutions (1.00 mug/muL)--Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure materials, or purchased as certified solutions. Traceability must be to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or other national standard, when available. Stock solution concentrations alternate to those below may be used. Because of the toxicity of some of the compounds, primary dilutions should be prepared in a hood, and a NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when high concentrations of neat materials are handled. The following procedure may be used to prepare standards from neat materials.

    6.7.1 Prepare stock standard solutions by accurately weighing about 0.0100 g of pure material. Dissolve the material in pesticide quality methanol or other suitable solvent and dilute to volume in a 10 mL volumetric flask. Larger volumes may be used at the convenience of the laboratory. When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight may be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock standard. Commercially prepared stock standards

    Page 9049

    may be used at any concentration if they are certified by the manufacturer or by an independent source.

    6.7.2 Transfer the stock standard solutions to fluoropolymer-sealed screw-cap bottles. Store at 4; naphthalene-d8; acenaphthene-

    d10; phenanthrene-d10; chrysene-d12; and perylene-d12. The laboratory must demonstrate that measurement of the internal standards is not affected by method or matrix interferences (see also Section 7.3.4).

    6.9.2 Prepare the internal standards at a concentration of 10 mg/mL in methylene chloride or other suitable solvent. When 10 muL of this solution is spiked into a 1-mL extract, the concentration of the internal standards will be 100 mug/mL. A lower concentration appropriate to the response of the GC/MS instrument or for SIM may be used, if desired.

    6.9.3 To assure accurate analyte identification, particularly when SIM is used, it may be advantageous to include more internal standards than those suggested in Section 6.9.1. An analyte will be located most accurately if its retention time relative to an internal standard is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2.

    6.10 DFTPP standard--Prepare a solution of DFTPP in methanol or other suitable solvent such that 50 ng or less will be injected (see Section 13.2). An alternate concentration may be used to compensate for specific injection volumes or to assure that the operating range of the instrument is not exceeded, so long as the total injected is 50 ng or less. Include benzidine and pentachlorophenol in this solution such that 3(CH2)34NHSO4

    .

    6.13.2.2 Sodium sulfite, Na2SO3.

    6.13.2.3 Dissolve approximately 3 g tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 100 mL of reagent water in an amber bottle with fluoropolymer-lined screw cap. Extract with three 20-mL portions of hexane and discard the hexane extracts.

    6.13.2.4 Add 25 g sodium sulfite to produce a saturated solution. Store at room temperature. Replace after 1 month.

    7. Calibration

    7.1 Establish operating conditions equivalent to those in the footnote to Table 4 or 5 for the base/neutral or acid fraction, respectively. If a combined base/neutral/acid fraction will be analyzed, use the conditions in the footnote to Table 4. Alternative temperature program and flow rate conditions may be used. It is necessary to calibrate the GC/MS for the analytes of interest (Section 1.3) only.

    7.2 Internal standard calibration

    7.2.1 Prepare calibration standards for the analytes of interest and surrogates at a minimum of five concentration levels by adding appropriate volumes of one or more stock standards to volumetric flasks. One of the calibration standards should be at a concentration near the ML for the analyte in Table 1, 2, or 3. The ML value may be rounded to a whole number that

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    is more convenient for preparing the standard, but must not exceed the ML values listed in Table 1, 2, or 3 for those analytes which list ML values. Alternatively, the laboratory may establish the ML for each analyte based on the concentration of the lowest calibration standard in a series of standards obtained from a commercial vendor, again, provided that the ML values do not exceed the MLs in Tables 1, 2, or 3, and provided that the resulting calibration meets the acceptance criteria in Section 7.2.3, based on the RSD, RSE, or R\2\.

    The other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the GC/MS system for full-scan and/or SIM operation, as appropriate. A minimum of six concentration levels is required for a second order, non-linear (e.g., quadratic; ax\2\ + bx + c) calibration. Calibrations higher than second order are not allowed. To each calibration standard or standard mixture, add a known constant volume of the internal standard solution (Section 6.9), and dilute to volume with methylene chloride.

    Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1 through 3 may not be soluble or stable in a single solution; multiple solutions may be required if a large number of analytes are to be determined simultaneously.

    7.2.1.1 Prior to analysis of the calibration standards, inject the DFTPP standard (Section 6.10) and adjust the scan rate of the mass spectrometer to produce a minimum of 5 mass spectra across the DFTPP GC peak. Adjust instrument conditions until the DFTPP criteria in Table 9A or 9B are met. Calculate peak tailing factors for benzidine and pentachlorophenol. Calculation of the tailing factor is illustrated in Figure 1. The tailing factor for benzidine and pentachlorophenol must be =5) across each chromatographic peak, there should be no more than 10 m/z's in a descriptor. For example, for a descriptor with 10 m/z's and a chromatographic peak width of 5 sec, a dwell time of 100 ms at each m/z would result in a scan time of 1 second and provide 5 scans across the GC peak. The quantitation m/z will usually be the most intense peak in the mass spectrum. The quantitation m/z and dwell time may be optimized for each analyte. However, if a GC peak spans two (or more) descriptors, the dwell time and cycle time (scans/sec) should be set to the same value in both segments in order to maintain equivalent response. The acquisition table used for SIM must take into account the mass defect (usually less than 0.2 Daltons) that can occur at each m/z being monitored.

    7.2.1.4 For combined scan and SIM operation, set up the scan segments and descriptors to meet requirements in Sections 7.2.1.1-

    7.2.1.3.

    7.2.2 Analyze each calibration standard according to Section 12 and tabulate the area at the quantitation m/z against concentration for each analyte of interest, surrogate, and internal standard. If an interference is encountered, use a secondary m/z (Table 4 or 5) for quantitation. Calculate a response factor (RF) for each analyte of interest at each concentration using Equation 1.

    GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.016

    Where:

    As = Area of the characteristic m/z for the analyte of interest or surrogate.

    Ais = Area of the characteristic m/z for the internal standard.

    Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (mug/mL).

    Cs = Concentration of the analyte of interest or surrogate (mug/mL).

    7.2.3 Calculate the mean (average) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the responses factors. If the RSD is less than 35%, the RF can be assumed to be invariant and the average RF can be used for calculations. Alternatively, the results can be used to fit a linear or quadratic regression of response ratios, As/Ais, vs. concentration ratios Cs/Cis. If used, the regression must be weighted inversely proportional to concentration. The coefficient of determination (R\2\; Reference 10) of the weighted regression must be greater than 0.920. Alternatively, the relative standard error (Reference 11) may be used as an acceptance criterion. As with the RSD, the RSE must be less than 35%. If an RSE less than 35% cannot be achieved for a quadratic regression, system performance is unacceptable and the system must be adjusted and re-calibrated.

    Note: Using capillary columns and current instrumentation, it is quite likely that a laboratory can calibrate the target analytes in this method and achieve a linearity metric (either RSD or RSE) well below 35%. Therefore, laboratories are permitted to use more stringent acceptance criteria for calibration than described here, for example, to harmonize their application of this method with those from other sources.

    7.3 Calibration verification--The RF or calibration curve must be verified immediately after calibration and at the beginning of each 12-

    hour shift, by analysis of a mid-point calibration standard (Section 7.2.1). The standard(s)

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    must be obtained from a second manufacturer or a manufacturer's batch prepared independently from the batch used for calibration. Traceability must be to a national standard, when available. The concentration of the standard should be near the mid-point of the calibration. Include the surrogates (Section 6.8) in this solution. It is necessary to verify calibration for the analytes of interest (Section 1.3) only.

    Note: The 12-hour shift begins after the DFTPP (Section 13.1) and DDT/endrin tests (if DDT and endrin are to be determined), and after analysis of the calibration verification standard. The 12-hour shift ends 12 hours later. The DFTPP and DDT/endrin tests are outside of the 12-hour shift.

    7.3.1 Analyze the calibration verification standard(s) beginning in Section 12. Calculate the percent recovery of each analyte. Compare the recoveries for the analytes of interest against the acceptance criteria for recovery (Q) in Table 6, and the recoveries for the surrogates against the acceptance criteria in Table 8. If recovery of the analytes of interest and surrogates meet acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and analysis of samples may continue. If any individual recovery is outside its limit, system performance is unacceptable for that analyte.

    Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 6 and 8 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail acceptance criteria when all analytes are tested simultaneously.

    7.3.2 When one or more analytes fail acceptance criteria, analyze a second aliquot of the calibration verification standard and compare only those analytes that failed the first test (Section 7.3.1) with their respective acceptance criteria. If these analytes now pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of samples may continue. A repeat failure of any analyte that failed the first test, however, will confirm a general problem with the measurement system. If this occurs, repair the system (Section 7.2.1.1) and repeat the test (Section 7.3.1), or prepare a fresh calibration standard and repeat the test. If calibration cannot be verified after maintenance or injection of the fresh calibration standard, re-calibrate the instrument.

    Note: If it is necessary to perform a repeat verification test frequently; i.e., perform two tests in order to pass, it may be prudent to perform two injections in succession and review the results, rather than perform one injection, review the results, then perform the second injection if results from the first injection fail. To maintain the validity of the test and re-test, system maintenance and/or adjustment is not permitted between the injections.

    7.3.3 Many of the analytes in Table 3 do not have QC acceptance criteria in Table 6, and some of the surrogates in Table 8 do not have acceptance criteria. If calibration is to be verified and other QC tests are to be performed for these analytes, acceptance criteria must be developed and applied. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 12 and 13).

    7.3.4 Internal standard responses--Verify that detector sensitivity has not changed by comparing the response of each internal standard in the calibration verification standard (Section 7.3) to the response of the respective internal standard in the midpoint calibration standard (Section 7.2.1). The peak areas or heights of the internal standards in the calibration verification standard must be within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2x) of their respective peak areas or heights in the mid-point calibration standard. If not, repeat the calibration verification test using a fresh calibration verification standard (7.3), or perform and document system repair. Subsequent to repair, repeat the calibration verification test (Section 7.3.1). If the responses are still not within 50% to 200%, re-calibrate the instrument (Section 7.2.2) and repeat the calibration verification test.

    8. Quality Control

    8.1 Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality assurance program. The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and ongoing analysis of spiked samples and blanks to evaluate and document data quality (40 CFR 136.7). The laboratory must maintain records to document the quality of data generated. Results of ongoing performance tests are compared with established QC acceptance criteria to determine if the results of analyses meet performance requirements of this method. When results of spiked samples do not meet the QC acceptance criteria in this method, a quality control check sample (laboratory control sample; LCS) must be analyzed to confirm that the measurements were performed in an in-control mode of operation. A laboratory may develop its own performance criteria (as QC acceptance criteria), provided such criteria are as or more restrictive than the criteria in this method.

    8.1.1 The laboratory must make an initial demonstration of capability (DOC) to generate acceptable precision and recovery with this method. This demonstration is detailed in Section 8.2.

    8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, and to overcome matrix interferences, the laboratory is permitted certain options (Section 1.6 and 40 CFR 136.6(b)) to improve separations or lower the costs of measurements. These options may include alternate extraction, concentration, and cleanup procedures (e.g., solid-phase extraction; rotary-evaporator concentration; column chromatography cleanup), changes in column and type of mass spectrometer (40 CFR 136.6(b)(4)(xvi)). Alternate determinative techniques, such as substitution of spectroscopic or immunoassay techniques, and changes that degrade method performance, are not allowed. If an analytical technique other than GC/MS is used, that technique must have a specificity equal to or greater than the specificity of GC/MS for the analytes of interest. The laboratory is also encouraged to participate in inter-comparison and performance evaluation studies (see Section 8.10).

    8.1.2.1 Each time a modification is made to this method, the laboratory is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2. If the detection limit of the method will be affected by the change, the laboratory must demonstrate that the MDLs (40 CFR part 136, appendix B) are lower than one-third the regulatory compliance limit or the MDLs in this method, whichever are greater. If calibration will be affected by the change, the instrument must be recalibrated per Section 7. Once the modification is demonstrated to produce results equivalent or superior to results produced by this method, that modification may be used routinely thereafter, so long as the other requirements in this method are met (e.g., matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate recovery and relative percent difference).

    8.1.2.1.1 If SPE, or another allowed method modification, is to be applied to a specific discharge, the laboratory must prepare and analyze matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples (Section 8.3) and LCS samples (Section 8.4). The laboratory must include surrogates (Section 8.7) in each of the samples. The MS/MSD and LCS samples must be fortified with the analytes of interest (Section 1.3). If the modification is for nationwide use, MS/MSD samples must be prepared from a minimum of nine different discharges (See Section 8.1.2.1.2), and all QC acceptance criteria in this method must be met. This evaluation only needs to be performed once other than for the routine QC required by this method (for example it could be performed by the

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    vendor of the SPE materials) but any laboratory using that specific SPE material must have the results of the study available. This includes a full data package with the raw data that will allow an independent reviewer to verify each determination and calculation performed by the laboratory (see Section 8.1.2.2.5, items a-q).

    8.1.2.1.2 Sample matrices on which MS/MSD tests must be performed for nationwide use of an allowed modification:

    (a) Effluent from a POTW.

    (b) ASTM D5905 Standard Specification for Substitute Wastewater.

    (c) Sewage sludge, if sewage sludge will be in the permit.

    (d) ASTM D1141 Standard Specification for Substitute Ocean Water, if ocean water will be in the permit.

    (e) Untreated and treated wastewaters up to a total of nine matrix types (see http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/guide/industry.cfm) for a list of industrial categories with existing effluent guidelines).

    At least one of the above wastewater matrix types must have at least one of the following characteristics:

    (i) Total suspended solids greater than 40 mg/L.

    (ii) Total dissolved solids greater than 100 mg/L.

    (iii) Oil and grease greater than 20 mg/L.

    (iv) NaCl greater than 120 mg/L.

    (v) CaCO3 greater than 140 mg/L.

    The interim acceptance criteria for MS, MSD recoveries that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 6, and recoveries for surrogates that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 8, must be no wider than 60-140%, and the relative percent difference (RPD) of the concentrations in the MS and MSD that do not have RPD limits specified in Table 6 must be less than 30%. Alternatively, the laboratory may use the laboratory's in-house limits if they are tighter.

    (f) A proficiency testing (PT) sample from a recognized provider, in addition to tests of the nine matrices (Section 8.1.2.1.1).

    8.1.2.2 The laboratory is required to maintain records of modifications made to this method. These records include the following, at a minimum:

    8.1.2.2.1 The names, titles, street addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses of the analyst(s) that performed the analyses and modification, and of the quality control officer that witnessed and will verify the analyses and modifications.

    8.1.2.2.2 A list of analytes, by name and CAS Registry Number.

    8.1.2.2.3 A narrative stating reason(s) for the modifications.

    8.1.2.2.4 Results from all quality control (QC) tests comparing the modified method to this method, including:

    (a) Calibration (Section 7).

    (b) Calibration verification (Section 7).

    (c) Initial demonstration of capability (Section 8.2).

    (d) Analysis of blanks (Section 8.5).

    (e) Matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate analysis (Section 8.3).

    (f) Laboratory control sample analysis (Section 8.4).

    8.1.2.2.5 Data that will allow an independent reviewer to validate each determination by tracing the instrument output (peak height, area, or other signal) to the final result. These data are to include:

    (a) Sample numbers and other identifiers.

    (b) Extraction dates.

    (c) Analysis dates and times.

    (d) Analysis sequence/run chronology.

    (e) Sample weight or volume (Section 10).

    (f) Extract volume prior to each cleanup step (Sections 10 and 11).

    (g) Extract volume after each cleanup step (Section 11).

    (h) Final extract volume prior to injection (Sections 10 and 12).

    (i) Injection volume (Section 12.2.3).

    (j) Sample or extract dilution (Section 12.2.3.2).

    (k) Instrument and operating conditions.

    (l) Column (dimensions, material, etc).

    (m) Operating conditions (temperature program, flow rate, etc).

    (n) Detector (type, operating conditions, etc).

    (o) Chromatograms, mass spectra, and other recordings of raw data.

    (p) Quantitation reports, data system outputs, and other data to link the raw data to the results reported.

    (q) A written Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).

    8.1.2.2.6 Each individual laboratory wishing to use a given modification must perform the start-up tests in Section 8.1.2 (e.g., DOC, MDL), with the modification as an integral part of this method prior to applying the modification to specific discharges. Results of the DOC must meet the QC acceptance criteria in Table 6 for the analytes of interest (Section 1.3), and the MDLs must be equal to or lower than the MDLs in Tables 4 and 5 for the analytes of interest.

    8.1.3 Before analyzing samples, the laboratory must analyze a blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system, labware, and reagents, are under control. Each time a batch of samples is extracted or reagents are changed, a blank must be extracted and analyzed as a safeguard against laboratory contamination. Requirements for the blank are given in Section 8.5.

    8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of one sample, in duplicate, with the samples in an extraction batch (Section 3.1). The laboratory must also spike and analyze, in duplicate, a minimum of 5% of all samples from a given site or discharge to monitor and evaluate method and laboratory performance on the sample matrix. The batch and site/discharge samples may be the same. The procedure for spiking and analysis is given in Section 8.3.

    8.1.5 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through analysis of a quality control check sample (laboratory control sample, LCS; on-going precision and recovery sample, OPR) that the measurement system is in control. This procedure is given in Section 8.4.

    8.1.6 The laboratory should maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is given in Section 8.9.

    8.1.7 The large number of analytes tested in performance tests in this method present a substantial probability that one or more will fail acceptance criteria when many analytes are tested simultaneously, and a re-test is allowed if this situation should occur. If, however, continued re-testing results in further repeated failures, the laboratory should document the failures (e.g., as qualifiers on results) and either avoid reporting results for analytes that failed or report the problem and failures with the data. Failure to report does not relieve a discharger or permittee of reporting timely results.

    8.2 Initial demonstration of capability (DOC)--To establish the ability to generate acceptable recovery and precision, the laboratory must perform the DOC in Sections 8.2.1 through 8.2.6 for the analytes of interest. The laboratory must also establish MDLs for the analytes of interest using the MDL procedure at 40 CFR part 136, appendix B. The laboratory's MDLs must be equal to or lower than those listed in Tables 1, 2, or 3 or lower than one third the regulatory compliance limit, whichever is greater. For MDLs not listed in Tables 4 and 5, the laboratory must determine the MDLs using the MDL procedure at 40 CFR 136, Appendix B under the same conditions used to determine the MDLs for the analytes listed in Tables 1, 2, and 3. All

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    procedures used in the analysis, including cleanup procedures, must be included in the DOC.

    8.2.1 For the DOC, a QC check sample concentrate containing each analyte of interest (Section 1.3) is prepared in a water-miscible solvent. The QC check sample concentrate must be prepared independently from those used for calibration, but may be from the same source as the second-source standard used for calibration verification (Section 7.3). The concentrate should produce concentrations of the analytes of interest in water at the mid-point of the calibration range, and may be at the same concentration as the LCS (Section 8.4). Multiple solutions may be required.

    Note: QC check sample concentrates are no longer available from EPA.

    8.2.2 Using a pipet or micro-syringe, prepare four LCSs by adding an appropriate volume of the concentrate to each of four 1-L aliquots of reagent water, and mix well. The volume of reagent water must be the same as the volume that will be used for the sample, blank (Section 8.5), and MS/MSD (Section 8.3). A concentration of 100 mug/L was used to develop the QC acceptance criteria in Table 6. Also add an aliquot of the surrogate spiking solution (Section 6.8). Also add an aliquot of the surrogate spiking solution (Section 6.8) to the reagent-water aliquots.

    8.2.3 Extract and analyze the four LCSs according to the method beginning in Section 10.

    8.2.4 Calculate the average percent recovery (x) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery(s) for each analyte using the four results.

    8.2.5 For each analyte, compare s and (x) with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and recovery in Table 6. For analytes in Table 3 not listed in Table 6, DOC QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 12 and 13). If s and (x) for all analytes of interest meet the acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples may begin. If any individual s exceeds the precision limit or any individual (x) falls outside the range for recovery, system performance is unacceptable for that analyte.

    Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1-3 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail at least one of the acceptance criteria when many or all analytes are determined simultaneously. Therefore, the analyst is permitted to conduct a ``re-test'' as described in Sec. 8.2.6.

    8.2.6 When one or more of the analytes tested fail at least one of the acceptance criteria, repeat the test for only the analytes that failed. If results for these analytes pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of samples and blanks may proceed. If one or more of the analytes again fail, system performance is unacceptable for the analytes that failed the acceptance criteria. Correct the problem and repeat the test (Section 8.2). See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of repeated failures.

    Note: To maintain the validity of the test and re-test, system maintenance and/or adjustment is not permitted between this pair of tests.

    8.3 Matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD)--The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike at least 5% of the samples from each sample site being monitored in duplicate to assess accuracy (recovery and precision). The data user should identify the sample and the analytes of interest (Section 1.3) to be spiked. If direction cannot be obtained, the laboratory must spike at least one sample per extraction batch of up to 20 samples with the analytes in Tables 1 and 2. Spiked sample results should be reported only to the data user whose sample was spiked, or as requested or required by a regulatory/control authority.

    8.3.1 If, as in compliance monitoring, the concentration of a specific analyte will be checked against a regulatory concentration limit, the concentration of the spike should be at that limit; otherwise, the concentration of the spike should be one to five times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, at or near the midpoint of the calibration range, or at the concentration in the LCS (Section 8.4) whichever concentration would be larger.

    8.3.2 Analyze one sample aliquot to determine the background concentration (B) of the each analyte of interest. If necessary, prepare a new check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) appropriate for the background concentration. Spike and analyze two additional sample aliquots, and determine the concentration after spiking (A1 and A2) of each analyte. Calculate the percent recoveries (P1 and P2) as 100 (A1-B)/T and 100 (A2-B)/T, where T is the known true value of the spike. Also calculate the relative percent difference (RPD) between the concentrations (A1 and A2) as 200verbarlmA1-A2verbarlm/(A1 + A2). If necessary, adjust the concentrations used to calculate the RPD to account for differences in the volumes of the spiked aliquots.

    8.3.3 Compare the percent recoveries (P1 and P2) and the RPD for each analyte in the MS/MSD aliquots with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria in Table 6. A laboratory may develop and apply QC acceptance criteria more restrictive than the criteria in Table 6, if desired.

    8.3.3.1 If any individual P falls outside the designated range for recovery in either aliquot, or the RPD limit is exceeded, the result for the analyte in the unspiked sample is suspect and may not be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes. See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of failures.

    8.3.3.2 The acceptance criteria in Table 6 were calculated to include an allowance for error in measurement of both the background and spike concentrations, assuming a spike to background ratio of 5:1. This error will be accounted for to the extent that the spike to background ratio approaches 5:1 (Reference 14). If spiking is performed at a concentration lower than 100 mug/L, the laboratory must use either the QC acceptance criteria in Table 6, or optional QC acceptance criteria calculated for the specific spike concentration. To use the optional acceptance criteria: (1) Calculate recovery (X') using the equation in Table 7, substituting the spike concentration (T) for C; (2) Calculate overall precision (S') using the equation in Table 7, substituting X' for x; (3) Calculate the range for recovery at the spike concentration as (100 X'/T) 2.44(100 S'/T)% (Reference 14). For analytes in Table 3 not listed in Table 6, QC acceptance criteria must be developed by the laboratory. EPA has provided guidance for development of QC acceptance criteria (References 12 and 13).

    8.3.4 After analysis of a minimum of 20 MS/MSD samples for each target analyte and surrogate, the laboratory must calculate and apply in-house QC limits for recovery and RPD of future MS/MSD samples (Section 8.3). The QC limits for recovery are calculated as the mean observed recovery 3 standard deviations, and the upper QC limit for RPD is calculated as the mean RPD plus 3 standard deviations of the RPDs. The in-house QC limits must be updated at least every two years and re-established after any major change in the analytical instrumentation or process. At least 80% of the analytes tested in the MS/MSD must have in-house QC acceptance criteria that are tighter than those in Table 6. If an in-house QC limit for the RPD is greater than the limit in Table 6,

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    then the limit in Table 6 must be used. Similarly, if an in-house lower limit for recovery is below the lower limit in Table 6, then the lower limit in Table 6 must be used, and if an in-house upper limit for recovery is above the upper limit in Table 6, then the upper limit in Table 6 must be used. The laboratory must evaluate surrogate recovery data in each sample against its in-house surrogate recovery limits. The laboratory may use 60-140% as interim acceptance criteria for surrogate recoveries until in-house limits are developed.

    8.4 Laboratory control sample (LCS)--A QC check sample (laboratory control sample, LCS; on-going precision and recovery sample, OPR) containing each analyte of interest (Section 1.3) and surrogate must be prepared and analyzed with each extraction batch of up to 20 samples to demonstrate acceptable recovery of the analytes of interest from a clean sample matrix.

    8.4.1 Prepare the LCS by adding QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) to reagent water. Include all analytes of interest (Section 1.3) in the LCS. The LCS may be the same sample prepared for the DOC (Section 8.2.1). The volume of reagent water must be the same as the volume used for the sample, blank (Section 8.5), and MS/MSD (Section 8.3). Also add an aliquot of the surrogate spiking solution (Section 6.8). The concentration of the analytes in reagent water should be the same as the concentration in the DOC (Section 8.2.2).

    8.4.2 Analyze the LCS prior to analysis of field samples in the extraction batch. Determine the concentration (A) of each analyte. Calculate the percent recovery (PS) as 100 (A/T)%, where T is the true value of the concentration in the LCS.

    8.4.3 Compare the percent recovery (PS) for each analyte with its corresponding QC acceptance criterion in Table 6. For analytes of interest in Table 3 not listed in Table 6, use the QC acceptance criteria developed for the MS/MSD (Section 8.3.3.2). If the recoveries for all analytes of interest fall within their respective QC acceptance criteria, analysis of blanks and field samples may proceed. If any individual PS falls outside the range, proceed according to Section 8.4.4.

    Note: The large number of analytes in Tables 1-3 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail the acceptance criteria when all analytes are tested simultaneously. Because a re-

    test is allowed in event of failure (Sections 8.1.7 and 8.4.3), it may be prudent to extract and analyze two LCSs together and evaluate results of the second analysis against the QC acceptance criteria only if an analyte fails the first test.

    8.4.4 Repeat the test only for those analytes that failed to meet the acceptance criteria (PS). If these analytes now pass, system performance is acceptable and analysis of blanks and samples may proceed. Repeated failure, however, will confirm a general problem with the measurement system. If this occurs, repeat the test using a fresh LCS (Section 8.2.2) or an LCS prepared with a fresh QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1), or perform and document system repair. Subsequent to repair, repeat the LCS test (Section 8.4). If failure of the LCS indicates a systemic problem with samples in the batch, re-

    extract and re-analyze the samples in the batch. See Section 8.1.7 for disposition of repeated failures.

    Note: To maintain the validity of the test and re-test, system maintenance and/or adjustment is not permitted between the pair of tests.

    8.4.5 After analysis of 20 LCS samples, the laboratory must calculate and apply in-house QC limits for recovery to future LCS samples (Section 8.4). Limits for recovery in the LCS are calculated as the mean recovery 3 standard deviations. A minimum of 80% of the analytes tested for in the LCS must have QC acceptance criteria tighter than those in Table 6. Many of the analytes and surrogates may not contain recommended acceptance criteria. The laboratory should use 60-140% as interim acceptance criteria for recoveries of spiked analytes and surrogates that do not have recovery limits specified in Table 8, until in-house LCS and surrogate limits are developed. If an in-house lower limit for recovery is lower than the lower limit in Table 6, the lower limit in Table 6 must be used, and if an in-house upper limit for recovery is higher than the upper limit in Table 6, the upper limit in Table 6 must be used.

    8.5 Blank--A blank must be extracted and analyzed with each extraction batch to demonstrate that the reagents and equipment used for preparation and analysis are free from contamination.

    8.5.1 Spike the surrogates into the blank. Extract and concentrate the blank using the same procedures and reagents used for the samples, LCS, and MS/MSD in the batch. Analyze the blank immediately after analysis of the LCS (Section 8.4) and prior to analysis of the MS/MSD and samples to demonstrate freedom from contamination.

    8.5.2 If any analyte of interest is found in the blank: 1) At a concentration greater than the MDL for the analyte, 2) at a concentration greater than one-third the regulatory compliance limit, or 3) at a concentration greater than one-tenth the concentration in a sample in the extraction batch, whichever is greater, analysis of samples must be halted and samples affected by the blank must be re-

    extracted and the extracts re-analyzed. Samples must be associated with an uncontaminated blank before they may be reported or used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes.

    8.6 Internal standards responses.

    8.6.1 Calibration verification--The responses (GC peak heights or areas) of the internal standards in the calibration verification must be within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2x) of their respective responses in the mid-point calibration standard. If they are not, repeat the calibration verification (Section 7.4) test or perform and document system repair. Subsequent to repair, repeat the calibration verification. If the responses are still not within 50% to 200%, re-

    calibrate the instrument (Section 7) and repeat the calibration verification/LCS test.

    8.6.2 Samples, blanks, LCSs, and MS/MSDs--The responses (GC peak heights or areas) of the internal standards in each sample, blank, and MS/MSD must be within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2x) of its respective response in the most recent LCS. If, as a group, all internal standards are not within this range, perform and document system repair, repeat the calibration verification/LCS test (Section 8.4), and re-analyze the affected samples. If a single internal standard is not within the 50% to 200% range, use an alternate internal standard for quantitation of the analyte referenced to the affected internal standard.

    8.7 Surrogate recoveries--Spike the surrogates into all samples, blanks, LCSs, and MS/MSDs. Compare surrogate recoveries against the QC acceptance criteria in Table 8 and/or those developed in Section 7.3.3. If any recovery fails its criteria, attempt to find and correct the cause of the failure. Surrogate recoveries from the blank and LCS may be used as pass/fail criteria by the laboratory or as required by a regulatory authority, or may be used to diagnose problems with the analytical system.

    8.8 DDT and endrin decomposition (breakdown)--If DDT and/or endrin are to be analyzed using this method, a DDT/endrin decomposition test must be performed to reliably quantify these two pesticides. The DDT/

    endrin decomposition test to be used is in EPA Method 608A or 1656.

    Page 9055

    8.9 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, control charts or statements of accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records maintained (40 CFR 136.7(c)(1)(viii)). After analysis of five or more spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (x) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent interval from x -2sp to x +2sp. For example, if x = 90% and sp = 10%, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each analyte on a regular basis (e.g., after each 5-10 new accuracy measurements).

    8.10 It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of environmental measurements. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

    9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

    9.1 Collect samples as grab samples in glass bottles or in refrigerated bottles using automatic sampling equipment. Collect 1-L of ambient waters, effluents, and other aqueous samples. If the sensitivity of the analytical system is sufficient, a smaller volume (e.g., 250 mL), but no less than 100 mL, may be used. Conventional sampling practices (Reference 15) should be followed, except that the bottle must not be pre-rinsed with sample before collection. Automatic sampling equipment must be as free as possible of polyvinyl chloride or other tubing or other potential sources of contamination. If needed, collect additional sample(s) for the MS/MSD (Section 8.3).

    9.2 Ice or refrigerate samples at 85% removal of the corn oil and >85% collection of the phthalate.

    11.1.1.4 Set the ``collect time'' to the peak minimum between perylene and sulfur.

    11.1.1.5 Verify calibration with the calibration solution after every 20 or fewer extracts. Calibration is verified if the recovery of the pentachlorophenol is greater than 85%. If calibration is not verified, recalibrate using the calibration solution, and re-extract and clean up the preceding extracts using the calibrated GPC system.

    11.1.2 Extract cleanup--GPC requires that the column not be overloaded. The column specified in this method is designed to handle a maximum of 0.5 g of high molecular weight material in a 5-mL extract. If the extract is known or expected to contain more than 0.5 g, the extract is split into fractions for GPC and the fractions are combined after elution from the column. The solids content of the extract may be obtained gravimetrically by evaporating the solvent from a 50-muL aliquot.

    11.1.2.1 Filter the extract or load through the filter holder to remove particulates. Load the extract into the sample loop. The maximum capacity of the column is 0.5-1.0 g. If necessary, split the extract into multiple aliquots to prevent column overload.

    11.1.2.2 Elute the extract using the calibration data determined in Section 11.1.1. Collect the eluate in the K-D apparatus reserved in Section 10.2.8.

    11.1.3 Concentrate the cleaned up extract per Sections 10.2.8 and 10.2.9 or 10.2.10.

    11.1.4 Rinse the sample loading tube thoroughly with methylene chloride between extracts to prepare for the next sample.

    11.1.5 If a particularly dirty extract is encountered, run a methylene chloride blank through the system to check for carry-over.

    11.2 Sulfur removal.

    Note: Separate procedures using copper or TBA sulfite are provided in this section for sulfur removal. They may be used separately or in combination, if desired.

    11.2.1 Removal with copper (Reference 17).

    Note: If (1) an additional compound (Table 3) is to be determined; (2) sulfur is to be removed; (3) copper will be used for sulfur removal; and (4) a sulfur matrix is known or suspected to be present, the laboratory must demonstrate that the additional compound can be successfully extracted and treated with copper in the sulfur matrix. Some of the additional compounds (Table 3) are known not to be amenable to sulfur removal with copper (e.g. Atrazine and Diazinon).

    11.2.1.1 Quantitatively transfer the extract from Section 10.2.8 to a 40- to 50-mL flask or bottle. If there is evidence of water in the concentrator tube after the transfer, rinse the tube with small portions of hexane:acetone (40:60) and add to the flask or bottle. Mark and set aside the concentrator tube for use in re-concentrating the extract.

    11.2.1.2 Add 10-20 g of granular anhydrous sodium sulfate to the flask. Swirl to dry the extract.

    11.2.1.3 Add activated copper (Section 6.13.1.4) and allow to stand for 30-60 minutes, swirling occasionally. If the copper does not remain bright, add more and swirl occasionally for another 30-60 minutes.

    11.2.1.4 After drying and sulfur removal, quantitatively transfer the extract to a nitrogen-evaporation vial or tube and proceed to Section 10.2.10 for nitrogen evaporation and solvent exchange, taking care to leave the sodium sulfate and copper in the flask.

    11.2.2 Removal with TBA sulfite.

    11.2.2.1 Using small volumes of hexane, quantitatively transfer the extract to a 40- to 50-mL centrifuge tube with fluoropolymer-lined screw cap.

    11.2.2.2 Add 1-2 mL of TBA sulfite reagent (Section 6.13.2.4), 2-3 mL of 2-propanol, and approximately 0.7 g of sodium sulfite (Section 6.13.2.2) crystals to the tube. Cap and shake for 1-2 minutes. If the sample is colorless or if the initial color is unchanged, and if clear crystals (precipitated sodium sulfite) are observed, sufficient sodium sulfite is present. If the precipitated sodium sulfite disappears, add more crystalline sodium sulfite in approximately 0.5 g portions until a solid residue remains after repeated shaking.

    11.2.2.3 Add 5-10 mL of reagent water and shake for 1-2 minutes. Centrifuge to settle the solids.

    11.2.2.4 Quantitatively transfer the hexane (top) layer through a small funnel containing a few grams of granular anhydrous sodium sulfate to a nitrogen-evaporation vial or tube and proceed to Section 10.2.10 for nitrogen evaporation and solvent exchange.

    12. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

    12.1 Establish the operating conditions in Table 4 or 5 for analysis of a base/neutral or acid extract, respectively. For analysis of a combined extract (Section 10.2.5, note), use the operating conditions in Table 4. Included in these tables are retention times and MDLs that can be achieved under these conditions. Examples of the separations achieved are shown in Figure 2 for the combined extract. Alternative columns or chromatographic conditions may be used if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met. Verify system performance per Section 13.

    12.2 Analysis of a standard or extract.

    12.2.1 Bring the standard or concentrated extract (Section 10.2.9 or 10.2.11) to room temperature and verify that any precipitate has redissolved. Verify the level on the extract and bring to the mark with solvent if required.

    12.2.2 Add the internal standard solution (Section 6.9) to the extract. Mix thoroughly.

    12.2.3 Inject an appropriate volume of the sample extract or standard solution using split, splitless, solvent purge, large-volume, or on-column injection. If the sample is injected manually the solvent-

    flush technique should be used. The injection volume depends upon the technique used and the ability to meet MDLs or reporting limits for regulatory compliance. Injected volumes must be the same for standards and sample extracts. Record the volume injected to two significant figures.

    Page 9058

    12.2.3.1 Start the GC column oven program upon injection. Start MS data collection after the solvent peak elutes. Stop data collection after benzo(ghi)perylene elutes for the base/neutral or combined fractions, or after pentachlorophenol elutes for the acid fraction. Return the column to the initial temperature for analysis of the next standard solution or extract.

    12.2.3.2 If the concentration of any analyte of interest exceeds the calibration range, either extract and analyze a smaller sample volume, or dilute and analyze the diluted extract after bringing the concentrations of the internal standards to the levels in the undiluted extract.

    12.2.4 Perform all qualitative and quantitative measurements as described in Sections 14 and 15. When standards and extracts are not being used for analyses, store them refrigerated at 0.06 of the RRT of the analyte in the calibration verification run at the beginning of the shift (Section 7.3 or 13.4). Relative retention time is used to establish the identification window because it compensates for small changes in the GC temperature program whereas the absolute retention time does not (see Section 6.9.3).

    Note: RRT is a unitless quantity (see Sec. 20.2), although some procedures refer to ``RRT units'' in providing the specification for the agreement between the RRT values in the sample and the calibration verification or other standard.

    14.1.3 Either (1) the background corrected EICP areas, or (2) the corrected relative intensities of the mass spectral peaks at the GC peak maximum, must agree within 50% to 200% (\1/2\ to 2 times) for all m/z's in the reference mass spectrum stored in the data system (Section 7.2.1.2), or from a reference library. For example, if a peak has an intensity of 20% relative to the base peak, the analyte is identified if the intensity of the peak in the sample is in the range of 10% to 40% of the base peak.

    14.1.4 The m/z's present in the acquired mass spectrum for the sample that are not present in the reference mass spectrum must be accounted for by contaminant or background m/z's. A reference library may be helpful to identify and account for background or contaminant m/

    z's. If the acquired mass spectrum is contaminated, or if identification is ambiguous, an experienced spectrometrist (Section 1.7) must determine the presence or absence of the compound.

    14.2 Structural isomers that have very similar mass spectra can be identified only if the resolution between authentic isomers in a standard mix is acceptable. Acceptable resolution is achieved if the baseline to valley height between the isomers is less than 50% of the height of the shorter of the two peaks. Otherwise, structural isomers are identified as isomeric pairs.

    15. Calculations

    15.1 When an analyte has been identified, quantitation of that analyte is based on the integrated abundance from the EICP of the primary characteristic m/z in Table 4 or 5. Calculate the concentration in the extract using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.2.2 and Equation 2. If the concentration of an analyte exceeds the calibration range, dilute the extract by the minimum amount to bring the concentration into the calibration range, and re-analyze the extract. Determine a dilution factor (DF) from the amount of the dilution. For example, if the extract is diluted by a factor of 2, DF = 2.

    GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.017

    Where:

    Cex = Concentration of the analyte in the extract, in microg/mL, and the other terms are as defined in Equation 1.

    Calculate the concentration of the analyte in the sample using the concentration in the extract, the extract volume, the sample volume, and the dilution factor, per Equation 3:

    Page 9059

    GRAPHIC TIFF OMITTED TP19FE15.018

    Where:

    Cs = Concentration of the analyte in the sample

    Cex = Concentration of the analyte in the extract, in mug/mL

    Vex = Volume of extract (mL)

    Vs = Volume of sample (L)

    DF = Dilution factor

    15.2 Reporting of results

    As noted in Section 1.4.1, EPA has promulgated this method at 40 CFR part 136 for use in wastewater compliance monitoring under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The data reporting practices described here are focused on such monitoring needs and may not be relevant to other uses of the method.

    15.2.1 Report results for wastewater samples in mug/L without correction for recovery. (Other units may be used if required by in a permit.) Report all QC data with the sample results.

    15.2.2 Reporting level

    Unless otherwise specified in by a regulatory authority or in a discharge permit, results for analytes that meet the identification criteria are reported down to the concentration of the ML established by the laboratory through calibration of the instrument (see Section 7.3.2 and the glossary for the derivation of the ML). EPA considers the terms ``reporting limit,'' ``quantitation limit,'' and ``minimum level'' to be synonymous.

    15.2.2.1 Report a result for each analyte in each sample, blank, or standard at or above the ML to 3 significant figures. Report a result for each analyte found in each sample below the ML as ``ML,'' or as required by the regulatory authority or permit. Results are reported without blank subtraction unless requested or required by a regulatory authority or in a permit. In this case, both the sample result and the blank results must be reported together.

    15.2.2.2 In addition to reporting results for samples and blanks separately, the concentration of each analyte in a blank associated with the sample may be subtracted from the result for that sample, but only if requested or required by a regulatory authority or in a permit. In this case, both the sample result and the blank results must be reported together.

    15.2.2.3 Report a result for an analyte found in a sample or extract that has been diluted at the least dilute level at which the area at the quantitation m/z is within the calibration range (i.e., above the ML for the analyte) and the MS/MSD recovery and RPD are within their respective QC acceptance criteria (Table 6). This may require reporting results for some analytes from different analyses.

    15.2.3 Results from tests performed with an analytical system that is not in control (i.e., that does not meet acceptance criteria for all of QC tests in this method) must not be reported or otherwise used for permitting or regulatory compliance purposes, but do not relieve a discharger or permittee of reporting timely results. If the holding time would be exceeded for a re-analysis of the sample, the regulatory/

    control authority should be consulted for disposition.

    16. Method Performance

    16.1 The basic version of this method was tested by 15 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and industrial wastewaters spiked at six concentrations over the range 5-1300 mug/L (Reference 2). Single operator precision, overall precision, and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. Linear equations to describe these relationships are presented in Table 7.

    16.2 As noted in Sec. 1.1, this method was validated through an interlaboratory study conducted more than 29 years ago. However, the fundamental chemistry principles used in this method remain sound and continue to apply.

    16.3 A chromatogram of the combined acid/base/neutral calibration standard is shown in Figure 2.

    17. Pollution Prevention

    17.1 Pollution prevention encompasses any technique that reduces or eliminates the quantity or toxicity of waste at the point of generation. Many opportunities for pollution prevention exist in laboratory operations. EPA has established a preferred hierarchy of environmental management techniques that places pollution prevention as the management option of first choice. Whenever feasible, the laboratory should use pollution prevention techniques to address waste generation. When wastes cannot be reduced at the source, the Agency recommends recycling as the next best option.

    17.2 The analytes in this method are used in extremely small amounts and pose little threat to the environment when managed properly. Standards should be prepared in volumes consistent with laboratory use to minimize the disposal of excess volumes of expired standards. This method utilizes significant quantities of methylene chloride. Laboratories are encouraged to recover and recycle this and other solvents during extract concentration.

    17.3 For information about pollution prevention that may be applied to laboratories and research institutions, consult Less is Better: Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction, available from the American Chemical Society's Department of Governmental Relations and Science Policy, 1155 16th Street NW., Washington, DC 20036, 202/872-

    4477.

    18. Waste Management

    18.1 The laboratory is responsible for complying with all Federal, State, and local regulations governing waste management, particularly the hazardous waste identification rules and land disposal restrictions, and to protect the air, water, and land by minimizing and controlling all releases from fume hoods and bench operations. Compliance is also required with any sewage discharge permits and regulations. An overview of requirements can be found in Environmental Management Guide for Small Laboratories (EPA 233-B-98-001).

    18.2 Samples at pH 12 are hazardous and must be neutralized before being poured down a drain, or must be handled and disposed of as hazardous waste.

    18.3 Many analytes in this method decompose above 500 degC. Low-

    level waste such as absorbent paper, tissues, and plastic gloves may be burned in an appropriate incinerator. Gross quantities of neat or highly concentrated solutions of toxic or hazardous chemicals should be packaged securely and disposed of through commercial or governmental channels that are capable of handling these types of wastes.

    18.4 For further information on waste management, consult The Waste Management Manual for Laboratory Personnel and Less is Better-

    Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction, available from the American Chemical Society's Department of Government Relations and Science Policy, 1155 16th Street NW., Washington, DC 20036, 202/872-

    4477.

    Page 9060

    19. References

    1. ``Sampling and Analysis Procedures for Screening of Industrial Effluents for Priority Pollutants,'' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, March 1977, Revised April 1977.

    2. ``EPA Method Study 30, Method 625, Base/Neutrals, Acids, and Pesticides,'' EPA 600/4-84-053, National Technical Information Service, PB84-206572, Springfield, Virginia 22161, June 1984.

    3. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

    4. Olynyk, P., Budde, W.L. and Eichelberger, J.W. ``Method Detection Limit for Methods 624 and 625,'' Unpublished report, May 14, 1980.

    5. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11.02, D3694-96, ``Standard Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents,'' American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

    6. Solutions to Analytical Chemistry Problems with Clean Water Act Methods, EPA 821-R-07-002, March 2007.

    7. ``Carcinogens-Working With Carcinogens,'' Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 77-206, August 1977.

    8. ``OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry,'' (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

    9. ``Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,'' American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 7th Edition, 2003.

    10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination (accessed on 09/10/2013).

    11. 40 CFR 136.6(b)(4)(x).

    12. 40 CFR 136.6(b)(2)(i).

    13. Protocol for EPA Approval of New Methods for Organic and Inorganic Analytes in Wastewater and Drinking Water (EPA-821-B-98-003) March 1999.

    14. Provost, L.P. and Elder, R.S. ``Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,'' American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983). (The value 2.44 used in the equation in Section 8.3.3 is two times the value 1.22 derived in this report.)

    15. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3370-76. ``Standard Practices for Sampling Water,'' American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

    16. 40 CFR 136.3(a), Table IB, Chlorine--Total Residual.

    17. ``Manual of Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticides in Human and Environmental Samples,'' EPA-600/8-80-038, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

    18. Eichelberger, J.W., Harris, L.E., and Budde, W.L. ``Reference Compound to Calibrate Ion Abundance Measurement in Gas Chromatography-

    Mass Spectrometry,'' Analytical Chemistry, 47, 995 (1975).

    19. Letter of approval of acceptance criteria for DFTPP for time-of-

    flight mass spectrometers from William A. Telliard and Herb Brass of EPA to Jack Cochran of LECO Corporation, February 9, 2005.

    20. Tables.

    Table 1--Non Pesticide/PCB Base/Neutral Extractables \1\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS Registry MDL \4\ ML \5\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acenaphthene.................................................... 83-32-9 1.9 5.7

    Acenaphthylene.................................................. 208-96-8 3.5 10.5

    Anthracene...................................................... 120-12-7 1.9 5.7

    Benzidine \2\................................................... 92-87-5 44 132

    Benzo(a)anthracene.............................................. 56-55-3 7.8 23.4

    Benzo(a)pyrene.................................................. 50-32-8 2.5 7.5

    Benzo(b)fluoranthene............................................ 205-99-2 4.8 14.4

    Benzo(k)fluoranthene............................................ 207-08-9 2.5 7.5

    Benzo(ghi)perylene.............................................. 191-24-2 4.1 12.3

    Benzyl butyl phthalate.......................................... 85-68-7 2.5 7.5

    bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane...................................... 111-91-1 5.3 15.9

    bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate...................................... 117-81-7 2.5 7.5

    bis(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether (2,2'-Oxybis(1-chloropropane))..... 108-60-1 5.7 17.1

    4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether...................................... 101-55-3 1.9 5.7

    2-Chloronaphthalene............................................. 91-58-7 1.9 5.7

    4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether..................................... 7005-72-3 4.2 12.6

    Chrysene........................................................ 218-01-9 2.5 7.5

    Dibenz(a,h)anthracene........................................... 53-70-3 2.5 7.5

    Di-n-butylphthalate............................................. 84-74-2 2.5 7.5

    3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine.......................................... 91-94-1 16.5 49.5

    Diethyl phthalate............................................... 84-66-2 1.9 5.7

    Dimethyl phthalate.............................................. 131-11-3 1.6 4.8

    2,4-Dinitrotoluene.............................................. 121-14-2 5.7 17.1

    2,6-Dinitrotoluene.............................................. 606-20-2 1.9 5.7

    Di-n-octylphthalate............................................. 117-84-0 2.5 7.5

    Fluoranthene.................................................... 206-44-0 2.2 6.6

    Fluorene........................................................ 86-73-7 1.9 5.7

    Hexachlorobenzene............................................... 118-74-1 1.9 5.7

    Hexachlorobutadiene............................................. 87-68-3 0.9 2.7

    Hexachloroethane................................................ 67-72-1 1.6 4.8

    Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene.......................................... 193-39-5 3.7 11.1

    Isophorone...................................................... 78-59-1 2.2 6.6

    Naphthalene..................................................... 91-20-3 1.6 4.8

    Nitrobenzene.................................................... 98-95-3 1.9 5.7

    N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine \3\................................... 621-64-7 -- --

    Phenanthrene.................................................... 85-01-8 5.4 16.2

    Pyrene.......................................................... 129-00-0 1.9 5.7

    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.......................................... 120-82-1 1.9 5.7

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ All analytes in this table are Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    Page 9061

    \2\ Included for tailing factor testing.

    \3\ See Section 1.2.

    \4\ MDL values from the 1984 promulgated version of Method 624.

    \5\ ML = Minimum Level--see Glossary for definition and derivation.

    Table 2--Acid Extractables \1\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS Registry MDL \3\ ML \4\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    4-Chloro-3-methylphenol......................................... 59-50-7 3.0 9.0

    2-Chlorophenol.................................................. 95-57-8 3.3 9.9

    2,4-Dichlorophenol.............................................. 120-83-2 2.7 8.1

    2,4-Dimethylphenol.............................................. 105-67-9 2.7 8.1

    2,4-Dinitrophenol............................................... 51-28-5 42 126

    2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol...................................... 534-52-1 24 72

    2-Nitrophenol................................................... 88-75-5 3.6 10.8

    4-Nitrophenol................................................... 100-02-7 2.4 7.2

    Pentachlorophenol \2\........................................... 87-86-5 3.6 10.8

    Phenol.......................................................... 108-95-2 1.5 4.5

    2,4,6-Trichlorophenol........................................... 88-06-2 2.7 8.1

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ All analytes in this table are Priority Pollutants (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    \2\ See Section 1.2; included for tailing factor testing.

    \3\ MDL values from the 1984 promulgated version of Method 624.

    \4\ ML = Minimum Level--see Glossary for definition and derivation.

    Table 3--Additional Extractable Analytes \1\ \2\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte CAS Registry MDL \6\ ML \7\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acetophenone.................................................... 98-86-2

    2-Acetylaminofluorene........................................... 53-96-3

    1-Acetyl-2-thiourea............................................. 591-08-2

    Alachlor........................................................ 15972-60-8

    Aldrin \3\...................................................... 309-00-2 1.9 5.7

    Ametryn......................................................... 834-12-8

    2-Aminoanthraquinone............................................ 117-79-3

    Aminoazobenzene................................................. 60-09-3

    4-Aminobiphenyl................................................. 92-67-1

    3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole........................................ 132-32-1

    Anilazine....................................................... 101-05-3

    Aniline......................................................... 62-53-3

    o-Anisidine..................................................... 90-04-0

    Aramite......................................................... 140-57-8

    Atraton......................................................... 1610-17-9

    Atrazine........................................................ 1912-24-9

    Azinphos-methyl................................................. 86-50-0

    Barban.......................................................... 101-27-9

    Benzanthrone.................................................... 82-05-3

    Benzenethiol.................................................... 108-98-5

    Benzidine \3\ \4\............................................... 92-87-5 44 132

    Benzoic acid.................................................... 65-85-0

    2,3-Benzofluorene............................................... 243-17-4

    p-Benzoquinone.................................................. 106-51-4

    Benzyl alcohol.................................................. 100-51-6

    alpha-BHC \3\ \4\............................................... 319-84-6

    beta-BHC \3\.................................................... 319-85-7 3.1 9.3

    gamma-BHC (Lindane) 3 4......................................... 58-89-8 4.2 12.6

    delta-BHC \3\................................................... 319-86-8

    Biphenyl........................................................ 92-52-4

    Bromacil........................................................ 314-40-9

    2-Bromochlorobenzene............................................ 694-80-4

    3-Bromochlorobenzene............................................ 108-39-2

    Bromoxynil...................................................... 1689-84-5

    Butachlor....................................................... 2318-4669

    Butylate........................................................ 2008-41-5

    n-C10 (n-decane)................................................ 124-18-5

    n-C12 (n-undecane).............................................. 112-40-2

    n-C14 (n-tetradecane)........................................... 629-59-4

    n-C16 (n-hexadecane)............................................ 544-76-3

    n-C18 (n-octadecane)............................................ 593-45-3

    n-C20 (n-eicosane).............................................. 112-95-8

    n-C22 (n-docosane).............................................. 629-97-0

    n-C24 (n-tetracosane)........................................... 646-31-1

    n-C26 (n-hexacosane)............................................ 630-01-3

    n-C28 (n-octacosane)............................................ 630-02-4

    n-C30 (n-triacontane)........................................... 638-68-6

    Page 9062

    Captafol........................................................ 2425-06-1

    Captan.......................................................... 133-06-2

    Carbaryl........................................................ 63-25-2

    Carbazole....................................................... 86-74-8

    Carbofuran...................................................... 1563-66-2

    Carboxin........................................................ 5234-68-4

    Carbophenothion................................................. 786-19-6

    Chlordane\3\ \5\................................................ 57-74-9

    bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether \3\ \4\................................ 111-44-4 5.7 17.1

    Chloroneb....................................................... 2675-77-6

    4-Chloroaniline................................................. 106-47-8

    Chlorobenzilate................................................. 510-15-6

    Chlorfenvinphos................................................. 470-90-6

    4-Chloro-2-methylaniline........................................ 95-69-2

    3-(Chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride.......................... 6959-48-4

    4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline......................................... 89-63-4

    Chlorpropham.................................................... 101-21-3

    Chlorothalonil.................................................. 1897-45-6

    1-Chloronaphthalene............................................. 90-13-1

    3-Chloronitribenzene............................................ 121-73-3

    4-Chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine................................... 95-83-0

    4-Chloro-1,3-phenylenediamine................................... 5131-60-2

    2-Chlorobiphenyl................................................ 2051-60-7

    Chlorpyrifos.................................................... 2921-88-2

    Coumaphos....................................................... 56-72-4

    m+p-Cresol...................................................... 65794-96-9

    o-Cresol........................................................ 95-48-7

    p-Cresidine..................................................... 120-71-8

    Crotoxyphos..................................................... 7700-17-6

    2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitro-phenol................................. 131-89-5

    Cyanazine....................................................... 21725-46-2

    Cycloate........................................................ 1134-23-2

    p-Cymene........................................................ 99-87-6

    Dacthal (DCPA).................................................. 1861-32-1

    4,4'-DDD \3\.................................................... 72-54-8 2.8 8.4

    4,4'-DDE \3\.................................................... 72-55-9 5.6 16.8

    4,4'-DDT \3\.................................................... 50-29-3 4.7 14.1

    Demeton-O....................................................... 298-03-3

    Demeton-S....................................................... 126-75-0

    Diallate (cis or trans)......................................... 2303-16-4

    2,4-Diaminotoluene.............................................. 95-80-7

    Diazinon........................................................ 333-41-5

    Dibenz(a,j)acridine............................................. 224-42-0

    Dibenzofuran.................................................... 132-64-9

    Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene.............................................. 192-65-4

    Dibenzothiophene................................................ 132-65-0

    1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane..................................... 96-12-8

    3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile............................... 1689-84-5

    2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone................................ 719-22-2

    Dichlone........................................................ 117-80-6

    2,3-Dichloroaniline............................................. 608-27-5

    2,3-Dichlorobiphenyl............................................ 16605-91-7

    2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline..................................... 99-30-9

    2,3-Dichloronitrobenzene........................................ 3209-22-1

    1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol......................................... 96-23-1

    2,6-Dichlorophenol.............................................. 120-83-2

    Dichlorvos...................................................... 62-73-7

    Dicrotophos..................................................... 141-66-2

    Dieldrin \3\.................................................... 60-57-1 2.5 7.5

    1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane........................................... 1464-53-5

    Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate........................................ 103-23-1

    Diethylstilbestrol.............................................. 56-53-1

    Diethyl sulfate................................................. 64-67-5

    Dilantin (5,5-Diphenylhydantoin)................................ 57-41-0

    Dimethoate...................................................... 60-51-5

    3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine......................................... 119-90-4

    Dimethylaminoazobenzene......................................... 60-11-7

    7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.................................. 57-97-6

    3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine.......................................... 119-93-7

    N,N-Dimethylformamide........................................... 68-12-2

    3,6-Dimethylphenathrene......................................... 1576-67-6

    alpha, alpha-Dimethylphenethylamine............................. 122-09-8

    Page 9063

    Dimethyl sulfone................................................ 67-71-0

    1,2-Dinitrobenzene.............................................. 528-29-0

    1,3-Dinitrobenzene.............................................. 99-65-0

    1,4-Dinitrobenzene.............................................. 100-25-4

    Dinocap......................................................... 39300-45-3

    Dinoseb......................................................... 88-85-7

    Diphenylamine................................................... 122-39-4

    Diphenyl ether.................................................. 101-84-8

    1,2-Diphenylhydrazine........................................... 122-66-7

    Diphenamid...................................................... 957-51-7

    Diphenyldisulfide............................................... 882-33-7

    Disulfoton...................................................... 298-04-4

    Disulfoton sulfoxide............................................ 2497-07-6

    Disulfoton sulfone.............................................. 2497-06-5

    Endosulfan I \3\ \4\............................................ 959-98-8

    Endosulfan II \3\ \4\........................................... 33213-65-9

    Endosulfan sulfate \3\.......................................... 1031-07-8 5.6 16.8

    Endrin \3\ \4\.................................................. 72-20-8

    Endrin aldehyde \3\ \4\......................................... 7421-93-4

    Endrin ketone \3\ \4\........................................... 53494-70-5

    EPN............................................................. 2104-64-5

    EPTC............................................................ 759-94-4

    Ethion.......................................................... 563-12-2

    Ethoprop........................................................ 13194-48-4

    Ethyl carbamate................................................. 51-79-6

    Ethyl methanesulfonate.......................................... 65-50-0

    Ethylenethiourea................................................ 96-45-7

    Etridiazole..................................................... 2593-15-9

    Ethynylestradiol-3-methyl ether................................. 72-33-3

    Famphur......................................................... 52-85-7

    Fenamiphos...................................................... 22224-92-6

    Fenarimol....................................................... 60168-88-9

    Fensulfothion................................................... 115-90-2

    Fenthion........................................................ 55-38-9

    Fluchloralin.................................................... 33245-39-5

    Fluridone....................................................... 59756-60-4

    Heptachlor \3\.................................................. 76-44-8 1.9 5.7

    Heptachlor epoxide \3\.......................................... 1024-57-3 2.2 6.6

    2,2',3,3',4,4',6-Heptachlorobiphenyl............................ 52663-71-5

    2,2',4,4',5',6-Hexachlorobiphenyl............................... 60145-22-4

    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene \3\ \4\............................... 77-47-4

    Hexachlorophene................................................. 70-30-4

    Hexachloropropene............................................... 1888-71-7

    Hexamethylphosphoramide......................................... 680-31-9

    Hexanoic acid................................................... 142-62-1

    Hexazinone...................................................... 51235-04-2

    Hydroquinone.................................................... 123-31-9

    Isodrin......................................................... 465-73-6

    2-Isopropylnapthalene........................................... 2027-17-0

    Isosafrole...................................................... 120-58-1

    Kepone.......................................................... 143-50-0

    Leptophos....................................................... 21609-90-5

    Longifolene..................................................... 475-20-7

    Malachite green................................................. 569-64-2

    Malathion....................................................... 121-75-5

    Maleic anhydride................................................ 108-31-6

    Merphos......................................................... 150-50-5

    Mestranol....................................................... 72-33-3

    Methapyrilene................................................... 91-80-5

    Methoxychlor.................................................... 72-43-5

    2-Methylbenzothioazole.......................................... 120-75-2

    3-Methylcholanthrene............................................ 56-49-5

    4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline).............................. 101-14-4

    4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline).......................... 101-61-1

    4,5-Methylenephenanthrene....................................... 203-64-5

    1-Methylfluorene................................................ 1730-37-6

    Methyl methanesulfonate......................................... 66-27-3

    2-Methylnaphthalene............................................. 91-57-6

    Methylparaoxon.................................................. 950-35-6

    Methyl parathion................................................ 298-00-0

    1-Methylphenanthrene............................................ 832-69-9

    2-(Methylthio)benzothiazole..................................... 615-22-5

    Page 9064

    Metolachlor..................................................... 5218-45-2

    Metribuzin...................................................... 21087-64-9

    Mevinphos....................................................... 7786-34-7

    Mexacarbate..................................................... 315-18-4

    MGK 264......................................................... 113-48-4

    Mirex........................................................... 2385-85-5

    Molinate........................................................ 2212-67-1

    Monocrotophos................................................... 6923-22-4

    Naled........................................................... 300-76-5

    Napropamide..................................................... 15299-99-7

    1,4-Naphthoquinone.............................................. 130-15-4

    1-Naphthylamine................................................. 134-32-7

    2-Naphthylamine................................................. 91-59-8

    1,5-Naphthalenediamine.......................................... 2243-62-1

    Nicotine........................................................ 54-11-5

    5-Nitroacenaphthene............................................. 602-87-9

    2-Nitroaniline.................................................. 88-74-4

    3-Nitroaniline.................................................. 99-09-2

    4-Nitroaniline.................................................. 100-01-6

    5-Nitro-o-anisidine............................................. 99-59-2

    4-Nitrobiphenyl................................................. 92-93-3

    Nitrofen........................................................ 1836-75-5

    5-Nitro-o-toluidine............................................. 99-55-8

    Nitroquinoline-1-oxide.......................................... 56-57-5

    N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine \4\.................................... 924-16-3

    N-Nitrosodiethylamine \4\....................................... 55-18-5

    N-Nitrosodimethylamine \3\ \4\.................................. 62-75-9

    N-Nitrosodiphenylamine \3\ \4\.................................. 86-30-6

    N-Nitrosomethylethylamine \4\................................... 10595-95-6

    N-Nitrosomethylphenylamine \4\.................................. 614-00-6

    N-Nitrosomorpholine \4\......................................... 59-89-2

    N-Nitrosopiperidine \4\......................................... 100-75-5

    N-Nitrosopyrrolidine \4\........................................ 930-55-2

    trans-Nonachlor................................................. 39765-80-5

    Norflurazon..................................................... 27314-13-2

    2,2',3,3',4,5',6,6'-Octachlorobiphenyl.......................... 40186-71-8

    Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide.................................... 152-16-9

    4,4'-Oxydianiline............................................... 101-80-4

    Parathion....................................................... 56-38-2

    PCB-1016 \3\ \5\................................................ 12674-11-2

    PCB-1221 \3\ \5\................................................ 11104-28-2 30 90

    PCB-1232 \3\ \5\................................................ 11141-16-5

    PCB-1242 \3\ \5\................................................ 53469-21-9

    PCB-1248 \3\ \5\................................................ 12672-29-6

    PCB-1254 \3\ \5\................................................ 11097-69-1 36 108

    PCB-1260 \3\ \5\................................................ 11098-82-5

    PCB-1268 \3\ \5\................................................ 11100-14-4

    Pebulate........................................................ 1114-71-2

    Pentachlorobenzene.............................................. 608-93-5

    Pentachloronitrobenzene......................................... 82-68-8

    2,2',3,4',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl................................. 68194-05-8

    Pentachloroethane............................................... 76-01-7

    Pentamethylbenzene.............................................. 700-12-9

    Perylene........................................................ 198-55-0

    Phenacetin...................................................... 62-44-2

    cis-Permethrin.................................................. 61949-76-6

    trans-Permethrin................................................ 61949-77-7

    Phenobarbital................................................... 50-06-6

    Phenothiazene................................................... 92-84-2

    1,4-Phenylenediamine............................................ 624-18-0

    1-Phenylnaphthalene............................................. 605-02-7

    2-Phenylnaphthalene............................................. 612-94-2

    Phorate......................................................... 298-02-2

    Phosalone....................................................... 2310-18-0

    Phosmet......................................................... 732-11-6

    Phosphamidon.................................................... 13171-21-6

    Phthalic anhydride.............................................. 85-44-9

    alpha-Picoline (2-Methylpyridine)............................... 109-06-8

    Piperonyl sulfoxide............................................. 120-62-7

    Prometon........................................................ 1610-18-0

    Prometryn....................................................... 7287-19-6

    Pronamide....................................................... 23950-58-5

    Page 9065

    Propachlor...................................................... 1918-16-7

    Propazine....................................................... 139-40-2

    Propylthiouracil................................................ 51-52-5

    Pyridine........................................................ 110-86-1

    Resorcinol (1,3-Benzenediol).................................... 108-46-3

    Safrole......................................................... 94-59-7

    Simazine........................................................ 122-34-9

    Simetryn........................................................ 1014-70-6

    Squalene........................................................ 7683-64-9

    Stirofos........................................................ 22248-79-9

    Strychnine...................................................... 57-24-9

    Styrene......................................................... 100-42-5

    Sulfallate...................................................... 95-06-7

    Tebuthiuron..................................................... 34014-18-1

    Terbacil........................................................ 5902-51-2

    Terbufos........................................................ 13071-79-9

    Terbutryn....................................................... 886-50-0

    alpha-Terpineol................................................. 98-55-5

    1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene...................................... 95-94-3

    2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl................................... 2437-79-8

    2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin............................. 1746-01-6

    2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol....................................... 58-90-2

    Tetrachlorvinphos............................................... 22248-79-9

    Tetraethyl dithiopyrophosphate.................................. 3689-24-5

    Tetraethyl pyrophosphate........................................ 107-49-3

    Thianaphthene (2,3-Benzothiophene).............................. 95-15-8

    Thioacetamide................................................... 62-55-5

    Thionazin....................................................... 297-97-2

    Thiophenol (Benzenethiol)....................................... 108-98-5

    Thioxanthone.................................................... 492-22-8

    Toluene-1,3-diisocyanate........................................ 26471-62-5

    Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate........................................ 584-84-9

    o-Toluidine..................................................... 95-53-4

    Toxaphene \3\ \5\............................................... 8001-35-2

    Triadimefon..................................................... 43121-43-3

    1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene.......................................... 87-61-6

    2,4,5-Trichlorobiphenyl......................................... 15862-07-4

    2,3,6-Trichlorophenol........................................... 933-75-5

    2,4,5-Trichlorophenol........................................... 95-95-4

    Tricyclazole.................................................... 41814-78-2

    Trifluralin..................................................... 1582-09-8

    1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene......................................... 634-36-6

    2,4,5-Trimethylaniline.......................................... 137-17-7

    Trimethyl phosphate............................................. 512-56-1

    Triphenylene.................................................... 217-59-4

    Tripropyleneglycolmethyl ether.................................. 20324-33-8

    1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene........................................... 99-35-4

    Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate............................... 126-72-7

    Tri-p-tolyl phosphate........................................... 78-32-0

    O,O,O-Triethyl phosphorothioate................................. 126-68-1

    Trithiane....................................................... 291-29-4

    Vernolate....................................................... 1929-77-7

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Compounds that have been demonstrated amenable to extraction and gas chromatography.

    \2\ Determine each analyte in the fraction that gives the most accurate result.

    \3\ Priority Pollutant (40 CFR part 423, appendix A).

    \4\ See Section 1.2.

    \5\ These compounds are mixtures of various isomers.

    \6\ MDL values from the 1984 promulgated version of Method 624.

    \7\ ML = Minimum Level--see Glossary for definition and derivation.

    Table 4--Chromatographic Conditions and Characteristic m/z's for Base/Neutral Extractables

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Characteristic m/z's

    Retention -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte time (sec) Electron impact ionization Chemical ionization

    \1\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Primary Second Second Methane Methane Methane

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    N-Nitrosodimethylamine....................................... 385 42 74 44

    bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether..................................... 704 93 63 95 63 107 109

    bis(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether................................. 799 45 77 79 77 135 137

    Hexachloroethane............................................. 823 117 201 199 199 201 203

    Page 9066

    N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine.................................... 830 130 42 101

    Nitrobenzene................................................. 849 77 123 65 124 152 164

    Isophorone................................................... 889 82 95 138 139 167 178

    bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane.................................. 939 93 95 123 65 107 137

    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene....................................... 958 180 182 145 181 183 209

    Naphthalene.................................................. 967 128 129 127 129 157 169

    Hexachlorobutadiene.......................................... 1006 225 223 227 223 225 227

    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.................................... 1142 237 235 272 235 237 239

    2-Chloronaphthalene.......................................... 1200 162 164 127 163 191 203

    Acenaphthylene............................................... 1247 152 151 153 152 153 181

    Dimethyl phthalate........................................... 1273 163 194 164 151 163 164

    2,6-Dinitrotoluene........................................... 1300 165 89 121 183 211 223

    Acenaphthene................................................. 1304 154 153 152 154 155 183

    2,4-Dinitrotoluene........................................... 1364 165 63 182 183 211 223

    Fluorene..................................................... 1401 166 165 167 166 167 195

    4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether.................................. 1409 204 206 141

    Diethyl phthalate............................................ 1414 149 177 150 177 223 251

    N-Nitrosodiphenylamine....................................... 1464 169 168 167 169 170 198

    4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether................................... 1498 248 250 141 249 251 277

    alpha-BHC.................................................... 1514 183 181 109

    Hexachlorobenzene............................................ 1522 284 142 249 284 286 288

    beta-BHC..................................................... 1544 183 181 109

    gamma-BHC.................................................... 1557 181 183 109

    Phenanthrene................................................. 1583 178 179 176 178 179 207

    Anthracene................................................... 1592 178 179 176 178 179 207

    delta-BHC.................................................... 1599 183 109 181

    Heptachlor................................................... 1683 100 272 274

    Di-n-butyl phthalate......................................... 1723 149 150 104 149 205 279

    Aldrin....................................................... 1753 66 263 220

    Fluoranthene................................................. 1817 202 101 100 203 231 243

    Heptachlor epoxide........................................... 1820 353 355 351

    gamma-Chlordane.............................................. 1834 373 375 377

    Pyrene....................................................... 1852 202 101 100 203 231 243

    Benzidine \2\................................................ 1853 184 92 185 185 213 225

    alpha-Chlordane.............................................. 1854 373 375 377

    Endosulfan I................................................. 1855 237 339 341

    4,4'-DDE..................................................... 1892 246 248 176

    Dieldrin..................................................... 1907 79 263 279

    Endrin....................................................... 1935 81 263 82

    Endosulfan II................................................ 2014 237 339 341

    4,4'-DDD..................................................... 2019 235 237 165

    Endrin aldehyde.............................................. 2031 67 345 250

    Butyl benzyl phthalate....................................... 2060 149 91 206 149 299 327

    Endosulfan sulfate........................................... 2068 272 387 422

    4,4'-DDT..................................................... 2073 235 237 165

    Chrysene..................................................... 2083 228 226 229 228 229 257

    3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine....................................... 2086 252 254 126

    Benzo(a)anthracene........................................... 2090 228 229 226 228 229 257

    bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate.................................. 2124 149 167 279 149

    Di-n-octyl phthalate......................................... 2240 149 43 57

    Benzo(b)fluoranthene......................................... 2286 252 253 125 252 253 281

    Benzo(k)fluoranthene......................................... 2293 252 253 125 252 253 281

    Benzo(a)pyrene............................................... 2350 252 253 125 252 253 281

    Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene...................................... 2650 276 138 277 276 277 305

    Dibenz(a,h)anthracene........................................ 2660 278 139 279 278 279 307

    Benzo(ghi)perylene........................................... 2750 276 138 277 276 277 305

    Toxaphene.................................................... ........... 159 231 233

    PCB 1016..................................................... ........... 224 260 294

    PCB 1221..................................................... ........... 190 224 260

    PCB 1232..................................................... ........... 190 224 260

    PCB 1242..................................................... ........... 224 260 294

    PCB 1248..................................................... ........... 294 330 262

    PCB 1254..................................................... ........... 294 330 362

    PCB 1260..................................................... ........... 330 362 394

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Column: 30 m x 0.25 mm ID; 94% methyl, 5% phenyl, 1% vinyl bonded phase fused silica capillary.

    Conditions: 5 min at 30 degC; 30-280 at 8 degC per min; isothermal at 280 degC until benzo(ghi)perylene elutes.

    Gas velocity: 30 cm/sec at 30 degC (at constant pressure).

    \2\ See Section 1.2; included for tailing factor testing.

    Page 9067

    Table 5--Chromatographic Conditions and Characteristic m/z's for Acid Extractables

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Characteristic m/z's

    Retention -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Analyte time (sec) Electron impact ionization Chemical ionization

    \1\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Primary Second Second Methane Methane Methane

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2-Chlorophenol............................................... 705 128 64 130 129 131 157

    Phenol....................................................... 700 94 65 66 95 123 135

    2-Nitrophenol................................................ 900 139 65 109 140 168 122

    2,4-Dimethylphenol........................................... 924 122 107 121 123 151 163

    2,4-Dichlorophenol........................................... 947 162 164 98 163 165 167

    4-Chloro-3-methylphenol...................................... 1091 142 107 144 143 171 183

    2,4,6-Trichlorophenol........................................ 1165 196 198 200 197 199 201

    2,4-Dinitrophenol............................................ 1325 184 63 154 185 213 225

    4-Nitrophenol................................................ 1354 65 139 109 140 168 122

    2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol................................... 1435 198 182 77 199 227 239

    Pentachlorophenol............................................ 1561 266 264 268 267 265 269

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Column: 30 m x 0.25 mm ID; 94% methyl, 5% phenyl, 1% vinyl bonded phase fused silica capillary.

    Conditions: 5 min at 30 degC; 30-250 at 8 degC per min; isothermal at 280 degC until pentachlorophenol elutes.

    Gas velocity: 30 cm/sec at 30 degC (at constant pressure).

    Table 6--QC Acceptance Criteria--Method 625 \1\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Range for X Range for

    Analyte Range for Q Limit for s (%) \3\ P, Ps (%) Limit for

    (%) \2\ (%) \3\ \3\ RPD (%)

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acenaphthene................................... 70-130 29 60-132 47-145 48

    Acenaphthylene................................. 60-130 45 54-126 33-145 74

    Aldrin......................................... 7-152 39 7-152 D-166 81

    Anthracene..................................... 58-130 40 43-120 27-133 66

    Benzo(a)anthracene............................. 42-133 32 42-133 33-143 53

    Benzo(b)fluoranthene........................... 42-140 43 42-140 24-159 71

    Benzo(k)fluoranthene........................... 25-146 38 25-146 11-162 63

    Benzo(a)pyrene................................. 32-148 43 32-148 17-163 72

    Benzo(ghi)perylene............................. 13-195 61 D-195 D-219 97

    Benzyl butyl phthalate......................... 43-140 36 D-140 D-152 60

    beta-BHC....................................... 42-131 37 42-131 24-149 61

    delta-BHC...................................... D-130 77 D-120 D-120 129

    bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether........................ 52-130 65 43-126 12-158 108

    bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane..................... 52-164 32 49-165 33-184 54

    bis(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether................... 63-139 46 63-139 36-166 76

    bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate.................... 43-137 50 29-137 8-158 82

    4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether..................... 70-130 26 65-120 53-127 43

    2-Chloronaphthalene............................ 70-130 15 65-120 60-120 24

    4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether.................... 57-145 36 38-145 25-158 61

    Chrysene....................................... 44-140 53 44-140 17-168 87

    4,4'-DDD....................................... D-135 56 D-135 D-145 93

    4,4'-DDE....................................... 19-130 46 19-120 4-136 77

    4,4'-DDT....................................... D-171 81 D-171 D-203 135

    Dibenz(a,h)anthracene.......................... 13-200 75 D-200 D-227 126

    Di-n-butyl phthalate........................... 52-130 28 8-120 1-120 47

    3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine......................... 18-213 65 8-213 D-262 108

    Dieldrin....................................... 70-130 38 44-119 29-136 62

    Diethyl phthalate.............................. 47-130 60 D-120 D-120 100

    Dimethyl phthalate............................. 50-130 110 D-120 D-120 183

    2,4-Dinitrotoluene............................. 53-130 25 48-127 39-139 42

    2,6-Dinitrotoluene............................. 68-137 29 68-137 50-158 48

    Di-n-octyl phthalate........................... 21-132 42 19-132 4-146 69

    Endosulfan sulfate............................. D-130 42 D-120 D-120 70

    Endrin aldehyde................................ D-189 45 D-189 D-209 75

    Fluoranthene................................... 47-130 40 43-121 26-137 66

    Fluorene....................................... 70-130 23 70-120 59-121 38

    Heptachlor..................................... D-172 44 D-172 D-192 74

    Heptachlor epoxide............................. 70-130 61 71-120 26-155 101

    Hexachlorobenzene.............................. 38-142 33 8-142 D-152 55

    Hexachlorobutadiene............................ 68-130 38 38-120 24-120 62

    Hexachloroethane............................... 55-130 32 55-120 40-120 52

    Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene......................... 13-151 60 D-151 D-171 99

    Isophorone..................................... 52-180 56 47-180 21-196 93

    Naphthalene.................................... 70-130 39 36-120 21-133 65

    Nitrobenzene................................... 54-158 37 54-158 35-180 62

    N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine...................... 59-170 52 14-198 D-230 87

    PCB-1260....................................... 19-130 77 19-130 D-164 128

    Page 9068

    Phenanthrene................................... 67-130 24 65-120 54-120 39

    Pyrene......................................... 70-130 30 70-120 52-120 49

    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene......................... 61-130 30 57-130 44-142 50

    4-Chloro-3-methylphenol........................ 68-130 44 41-128 22-147 73

    2-Chlorophenol................................. 55-130 37 36-120 23-134 61

    2,4-Dichlorophenol............................. 64-130 30 53-122 39-135 50

    2,4-Dimethylphenol............................. 58-130 35 42-120 32-120 58

    2,4-Dinitrophenol.............................. 39-173 79 D-173 D-191 132

    2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol..................... 56-130 122 53-130 D-181 203

    2-Nitrophenol.................................. 61-163 33 45-167 29-182 55

    4-Nitrophenol.................................. 35-130 79 13-129 D-132 131

    Pentachlorophenol.............................. 42-152 52 38-152 14-176 86

    Phenol......................................... 48-130 39 17-120 5-120 64

    2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.......................... 69-130 35 52-129 37-144 58

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Acceptance criteria are based upon method performance data in Table 7 and from EPA Method 1625. Where

    necessary, limits for recovery have been broadened to assure applicability to concentrations below those used

    to develop Table 7.

    \2\ Test concentration = 100 mug/mL.

    \3\ Test concentration = 100 mug/L.

    Q = Calibration verification (Sections 7.3.1 and 13.4).

    s = Standard deviation for four recovery measurements in the DOC test (Section 8.2.4).

    X = Average recovery for four recovery measurements in the DOC test (Section 8.2.4).

    P, Ps = MS/MSD recovery (Section 8.3.2, Section 8.4.2).

    RPD = MS/MSD relative percent difference (RPD; Section 8.3.3).

    D = Detected; result must be greater than zero.

    Table 7--Precision and Recovery as Functions of Concentration--Method 625 \ 1\

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Single analyst

    Analyte Recovery, X' (mug/L) precision, sr' (mug/ Overall precision, S'

12. (mug/L)

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acenaphthene....................... 0.96C+0.19.............. 0.15 x -0.12............ 0.21 x -0.67

    Acenaphthylene..................... 0.89C+0.74.............. 0.24 x -1.06............ 0.26 x -0.54

    Aldrin............................. 0.78C+1.66.............. 0.27 x -1.28............ 0.43 x +1.13

    Anthracene......................... 0.80C+0.68.............. 0.21 x -0.32............ 0.27 x -0.64

    Benzo(a)anthracene................. 0.88C-0.60.............. 0.15 x +0.93............ 0.26 x -0.28

    Benzo(b)fluoranthene............... 0.93C-1.80.............. 0.22 x +0.43............ 0.29 x +0.96

    Benzo(k)fluoranthene............... 0.87C-1.56.............. 0.19 x +1.03............ 0.35 x +0.40

    Benzo(a)pyrene..................... 0.90C-0.13.............. 0.22 x +0.48............ 0.32 x +1.35

    Benzo(ghi)perylene................. 0.98C-0.86.............. 0.29 x +2.40............ 0.51 x -0.44

    Benzyl butyl phthalate............. 0.66C-1.68.............. 0.18 x +0.94............ 0.53 x +0.92

    beta-BHC........................... 0.87C-0.94.............. 0.20 x -0.58............ 0.30 x -1.94

    delta-BHC.......................... 0.29C-1.09.............. 0.34 x +0.86............ 0.93 x -0.17

    bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether............ 0.86C-1.54.............. 0.35 x -0.99............ 0.35 x +0.10

    bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane......... 1.12C-5.04.............. 0.16 x +1.34............ 0.26 x +2.01

    bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether........ 1.03C-2.31.............. 0.24 x +0.28............ 0.25 x +1.04

    bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate......... 0.84C-1.18.............. 0.26 x +0.73............ 0.36 x +0.67

    4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether......... 0.91C-1.34.............. 0.13 x +0.66............ 0.16 x +0.66

    2-Chloronaphthalene................ 0.89C+0.01.............. 0.07 x +0.52............ 0.13 x +0.34

    4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether........ 0.91C+0.53.............. 0.20 x -0.94............ 0.30 x -0.46

    Chrysene........................... 0.93C-1.00.............. 0.28 x +0.13............ 0.33 x -0.09

    4,4'-DDD........................... 0.56C-0.40.............. 0.29 x -0.32............ 0.66 x -0.96

    4,4'-DDE........................... 0.70C-0.54.............. 0.26 x -1.17............ 0.39 x -1.04

    4,4'-DDT........................... 0.79C-3.28.............. 0.42 x +0.19............ 0.65 x -0.58

    Dibenz(a,h)anthracene.............. 0.88C+4.72.............. 0.30 x +8.51............ 0.59 x +0.25

    Di-n-butyl phthalate............... 0.59C+0.71.............. 0.13 x +1.16............ 0.39 x +0.60

    3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine............. 1.23C-12.65............. 0.28 x +7.33............ 0.47 x +3.45

    Dieldrin........................... 0.82C-0.16.............. 0.20 x -0.16............ 0.26 x -0.07

    Diethyl phthalate.................. 0.43C+1.00.............. 0.28 x +1.44............ 0.52 x +0.22

    Dimethyl phthalate................. 0.20C+1.03.............. 0.54 x +0.19............ 1.05 x -0.92

    2,4-Dinitrotoluene................. 0.92C-4.81.............. 0.12 x +1.06............ 0.21 x +1.50

    2,6-Dinitrotoluene................. 1.06C-3.60.............. 0.14 x +1.26............ 0.19 x +0.35

    Di-n-octyl phthalate............... 0.76C-0.79.............. 0.21 x +1.19............ 0.37 x +1.19

    Endosulfan sulfate................. 0.39C+0.41.............. 0.12 x +2.47............ 0.63 x -1.03

    Endrin aldehyde.................... 0.76C-3.86.............. 0.18 x +3.91............ 0.73 x -0.62

    Fluoranthene....................... 0.81C+1.10.............. 0.22 x +0.73............ 0.28 x -0.60

    Fluorene........................... 0.90C-0.00.............. 0.12 x +0.26............ 0.13 x +0.61

    Heptachlor......................... 0.87C-2.97.............. 0.24 x -0.56............ 0.50 x -0.23

    Heptachlor epoxide................. 0.92C-1.87.............. 0.33 x -0.46............ 0.28 x +0.64

    Hexachlorobenzene.................. 0.74C+0.66.............. 0.18 x -0.10............ 0.43 x -0.52

    Page 9069

    Hexachlorobutadiene................ 0.71C-1.01.............. 0.19 x +0.92............ 0.26 x +0.49

    Hexachloroethane................... 0.73C-0.83.............. 0.17 x +0.67............ 0.17 x +0.80

    Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene............. 0.78C-3.10.............. 0.29 x +1.46............ 0.50 x +0.44

    Isophorone......................... 1.12C+1.41.............. 0.27 x +0.77............ 0.33 x +0.26

    Naphthalene........................ 0.76C+1.58.............. 0.21 x -0.41............ 0.30 x -0.68

    Nitrobenzene....................... 1.09C-3.05.............. 0.19 x +0.92............ 0.27 x +0.21

    N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine.......... 1.12C-6.22.............. 0.27 x +0.68............ 0.44 x +0.47

    PCB-1260........................... 0.81C-10.86............. 0.35 x +3.61............ 0.43 x +1.82

    Phenanthrene....................... 0.87C-0.06.............. 0.12 x +0.57............ 0.15 x +0.25

    Pyrene............................. 0.84C-0.16.............. 0.16 x +0.06............ 0.15 x +0.31

    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene............. 0.94C-0.79.............. 0.15 x +0.85............ 0.21 x +0.39

    4-Chloro-3-methylphenol............ 0.84C+0.35.............. 0.23 x +0.75............ 0.29 x +1.31

    2-Chlorophenol..................... 0.78C+0.29.............. 0.18 x +1.46............ 0.28 x 0.97

    2,4-Dichlorophenol................. 0.87C+0.13.............. 0.15 x +1.25............ 0.21 x +1.28

    2,4-Dimethylphenol................. 0.71C+4.41.............. 0.16 x +1.21............ 0.22 x +1.31

    2,4-Dinitrophenol.................. 0.81C-18.04............. 0.38 x +2.36............ 0.42 x +26.29

    2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol......... 1.04C-28.04............. 0.05 x +42.29........... 0.26 x +23.10

    2-Nitrophenol...................... 1.07C-1.15.............. 0.16 x +1.94............ 0.27 x +2.60

    4-Nitrophenol...................... 0.61C-1.22.............. 0.38 x +2.57............ 0.44 x +3.24

    Pentachlorophenol.................. 0.93C+1.99.............. 0.24 x +3.03............ 0.30 x +4.33

    Phenol............................. 0.43C+1.26.............. 0.26 x +0.73............ 0.35 x +0.58

    2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.............. 0.91C-0.18.............. 0.16 x +2.22............ 0.22 x +1.81

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Regressions based on data from Reference 2

    X' = Expected recovery for one or more measurements of a sample containing a concentration of C, in mug/L.

    sr' = Expected single analyst standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of x, in

    mug/L.

    S' = Expected interlaboratory standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of x, in

    mug/L.

    C = True value for the concentration, in mug/L.

    x = Average recovery found for measurements of samples containing a concentration of C, in mug/L.

    Table 8--Suggested Internal and Surrogate Standards

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Range for surrogate recovery (%)

    \1\

    Base/neutral fraction ---------------------------------

    Calibration Recovery from

    verification samples

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acenaphthalene-d8..................... 66-152 33-168

    Acenaphthene-d10...................... 71-141 30-180

    Aniline-d5.

    Anthracene-d10........................ 58-171 23-142

    Benzo(a)anthracene-d12................ 28-357 22-329

    Benzo(a)pyrene-d12.................... 32-194 32-194

    4-Chloroaniline-d4.................... 1-145 1-145

    bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether-d8........... 52-194 25-222

    Chrysene-d12.......................... 23-290 23-290

    Decafluorobiphenyl.

    4,4'-Dibromobiphenyl.

    4,4'-Dibromooctafluorobiphenyl.

    1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4................ 65-153 11-245

    2,2'-Difluorobiphenyl.

    Dimethyl phthalate-d6................. 47-211 1-500

    Fluoranthene-d10...................... 47-215 30-187

    Fluorene-d10.......................... 61-164 38-172

    4-Fluoroaniline.

    1-Fluoronaphthalene.

    2-Fluoronaphthalene.

    2-Methylnaphthalene-d10............... 50-150 50-150

    Naphthalene-d8........................ 71-141 22-192

    Nitrobenzene-d5....................... 46-219 15-314

    2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobiphenyl.

    Perylene-d12.

    Phenanthrene-d10...................... 67-149 34-168

    Pyrene-d10............................ 48-210 28-196

    Pyridine-d5.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Acid fraction

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2-Chlorophenol-d4..................... 55-180 33-180

    2,4-Dichlorophenol-d3................. 64-157 34-182

    4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol-d2......... 56-177 22-307

    Page 9070

    2-Fluorophenol.

    4-Methylphenol-d8..................... 25-111 25-111

    2-Nitrophenol-d4...................... 61-163 37-163

    4-Nitrophenol-d4...................... 35-287 6-500

    Pentafluorophenol.

    2-Perfluoromethylphenol.

    Phenol-d5............................. 48-208 8-424

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Recovery from samples is the wider of the criteria in the CLP SOW

    for organics or in Method 1625.

    Table 9A--DFTPP Key m/z's and Abundance Criteria for Quadrupole

    Instruments \1\

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    m/z Abundance criteria

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    51 30-60 percent of m/z 198.

    68 Less than 2 percent of m/z 69.

    70 Less than 2 percent of m/z 69.

    127 40-60 percent of base peak m/z 198.

    197 Less than 1 percent of m/z 198.

    198 Base peak, 100 percent relative abundance.

    199 5-9 percent of m/z 198.

    275 10-30 percent of m/z 198.

    365 Greater than 1 percent of m/z 198.

    441 Present but less than m/z 443.

    442 40-100 percent of m/z 198.

    443 17-23 percent of m/z 442.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Criteria in these tables are for quadrupole and time-of-flight

    instruments. Alternative tuning criteria may be used for other

    instruments, provided method performance is not adversely affected.

    Table 9B--DFTPP Key m/z's and Abundance Criteria for Time-of-flight

    Instruments \1\

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    m/z Abundance criteria

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    51 10-85 percent of the base peak.

    68 Less than 2 percent of m/z 69.

    70 Less than 2 percent of m/z 69.

    127 10-80 percent of the base peak.

    197 Less than 2 percent of Mass 198.

    198 Base peak, or greater than 50% of m/z 442.

    199 5-9 percent of m/z 198.

    275 10-60 percent of the base peak.

    365 Greater than 0.5 percent of m/z 198.

    441 Less than 150 percent of m/z 443.

    442 Base peak or greater than 30 percent of m/z 198.

    443 15-24 percent of m/z 442.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Criteria in these tables are for quadrupole and time-of-flight

    instruments. Alternative tuning criteria may be used for other

    instruments, provided method performance is not adversely affected.

    21. Figures

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    BILLING CODE 6560-50-C

    22. Glossary

    These definitions and purposes are specific to this method but have been conformed to common usage to the extent possible.

    22.1 Units of weight and measure and their abbreviations

    22.1.1 Symbols

    ordmC degrees Celsius

    microg microgram

    microL microliter

    greater than

    s (MDL based on spiked blanks) as follows:

    MDLS = t(n-1, 1-vprop=0.99) SS

    Where:

    MDLs = the method detection limit based on spiked blanks

    t(n-1, 1-alpha=0.99) = the Student's t-value appropriate for a the single tailed 99th percentile t statistic and a standard deviation estimate with n-1 degrees of freedom. See Table 1.

    Ss = sample standard deviation of the replicate spiked blank sample analyses.

    (iii) Compute the MDLb (MDL based on method blanks) as follows:

    (A) If none of the method blanks give numerical results for an individual analyte, the MDLb does not apply. A numerical result includes both positive and negative results, including results below the current MDL, but not results of ND (not detected) commonly observed when a peak is not present in chromatographic analysis.

    (B) If some (but not all) of the method blanks for an individual analyte give numerical results, set the MDLb equal to the highest method blank result. If more than 100 method blanks are available, set MDLb to the level that is no less than the 99th percentile of the blank results. For ``n'' method blanks where n >= 100, sort the method blanks in rank order. The (nx0.99) ranked method blank result (round to the nearest whole number) is the MDLb. For example, to find MDLb from a set of 164 method blanks where the highest ranked method blank results are . . . 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 5.0, and 10, then 164x0.99 = 162.36 which rounds to the 162nd method blank result. Therefore, MDLb is 1.9 for n = 164 (10 is the 164th result, 5.0 is the 163rd result, and 1.9 is the 162nd result). Alternatively, you may use spreadsheet algorithms to calculate the 99th percentile to interpolate between the ranks more precisely.

    (C) If all of the method blanks for an individual analyte give numerical results, calculate the MDLb as:

    MDLb = XX + t(n-1, 1-vprop=0.99) Sb

    Where:

    MDLb = the MDL based on method blanks

    XX = mean of the method blank results

    t(n-1, 1-alpha=0.99) = the Student's t-value appropriate for the single tailed 99th percentile t statistic and a standard deviation estimate with n-1 degrees of freedom. See Addendum Table 1.

    Sb = sample standard deviation of the replicate blank sample analyses.

    (e) Set the greater of MDLs or MDLb as the initial MDL.

    (3) Ongoing Data Collection

    (a) During any quarter in which samples are being analyzed, prepare and analyze a minimum of two spiked blanks on each instrument, in separate batches if available, using the same spiking concentration used in Section 2. If any analytes are repeatedly not detected in the quarterly spike sample analysis, this is an indication that the spiking level is not high enough and should be adjusted upward.

    (b) Ensure that at least 7 spiked blanks and 7 method blanks are completed for the annual verification.

    (c) At least once per year, re-evaluate the spiking level.

    (i) If more than 5% of the spiked blanks do not return positive numerical results that meet all method qualitative identification criteria, then the spiking level must be increased and the initial MDL re-determined following the procedure in Section 2.

    (d) If the method is altered in a way that can be reasonably expected to change the detection limit, then re-determine the initial MDL according to Section 2, and the ongoing data collection restarted.

    (4) Ongoing Annual Verification

    (a) At least once per year, re-calculate MDLs and MDLb from the collected spiked blank and method blank results using the equations in section 2.

    (b) Include data generated within the last 2 years, but only data with the same spiking level.

    Page 9075

    (c) Include the initial MDL spiked blanks if within two years.

    (d) Only use data associated with acceptable calibrations and batch QC. Include all routine data, with the exception of batches that are rejected and the associated samples reanalyzed. If the method has been altered in a way that can be reasonably expected to change the detection limit, use only data collected after the change.

    (e) The verified MDL is the greater of the MDLs or MDLb. If the verified MDL is within a factor of 3 of the existing MDL, and fewer than 3% of the method blank results (for the individual analyte) have numerical results above the existing MDL, then the existing MDL may optionally be left unchanged. Otherwise, adjust the MDL to the new verification MDL.

    Addendum: Determination of the MDL For a Specific Matrix

    MDLs may be determined in specific sample matrices as well as in reagent water.

    (1) Analyze the sample matrix to determine the native concentration of the analyte(s) of interest.

    (2) If the native concentration is at a signal to noise ratio of approximately 5-20, determine the matrix specific MDL according to Section 2, ``Determine the initial MDL'' without spiking additional analyte.

    (3) Calculate MDLb using method blanks, not the sample matrix.

    (4) If the signal to noise is less than 5, the analyte(s) should be spiked to obtain a concentration that will give results with a signal to noise of approximately 10-20.

    (5) If the analytes(s) of interest have signal to noise greater than approximately 20, then the resulting MDL is likely to be biased high.

    Table 1--Single Tailed 99th Percentile t Statistic

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Degrees of

    Number of replicates freedom (n-1) t (n-1, 0.99)

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    7....................................... 6 3.143

    8....................................... 7 2.998

    9....................................... 8 2.896

    10...................................... 9 2.821

    11...................................... 10 2.764

    16...................................... 15 2.602

    21...................................... 20 2.528

    26...................................... 25 2.485

    31...................................... 30 2.457

    61...................................... 60 2.390

    100..................................... 100 2.326

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Documentation

    The analytical method used must be specifically identified by number or title and the MDL for each analyte expressed in the appropriate method reporting units. Data and calculations used to establish the MDL must be able to be reconstructed upon request.

    The sample matrix used to determine the MDL must also be identified with MDL value. Document the mean spiked and recovered analyte levels with the MDL.

    FR Doc. 2015-02841 Filed 2-18-15; 8:45 am

    BILLING CODE 6560-50-P