Legal Process; Testimony by Employees and Production of Records

As Enacted ( Federal Register)

Cited authorities 10

Cited in

Federal Register: March 13, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 48)

Proposed Rules

Page 10853-10857

From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]

DOCID:fr13mr09-12

PRESIDIO TRUST 36 CFR Part 1012

Legal Process: Testimony by Employees and Production of Records

AGENCY: Presidio Trust.

ACTION: Proposed Rule.

SUMMARY: The Presidio Trust proposes a regulation, limited to the

Presidio Trust's organization and management, governing access to

Presidio Trust information and records in connection with legal proceedings in which neither the United States nor the Presidio Trust is a party. This proposed rule will establish guidelines for use in determining whether Presidio Trust employees (as defined in the proposed rule) will provide testimony or records relating to their official duties. It also will establish procedures for requesters to follow when making demands on or requests to a Presidio Trust employee for official documents or to provide testimony. This proposed rule will standardize the Presidio Trust's practices, promote uniformity in decisions, conserve the ability of the Presidio Trust to conduct official business, preserve its employee resources, protect confidential information, provide guidance to requestors, minimize involvement in matters unrelated to the Presidio Trust's mission and programs, avoid wasteful allocation of agency resources and avoid spending public time and money for private purpose.

DATES: Submit written comments on or before April 20, 2009.

ADDRESSES: Send written comments to Karen A. Cook, General Counsel,

Presidio Trust, 34 Graham Street, P.O. Box 29052, San Francisco, CA 94129-0052.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karen A. Cook, General Counsel,

Presidio Trust, 34 Graham Street, P.O. Box 29052, San Francisco, CA 94129-0052. Telephone: 415.561.5300.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Presidio Trust, a wholly-owned federal government corporation, on occasion receives subpoenas and other requests for documents and requests for Presidio Trust employees (as defined in the proposed rule) to provide testimony or evidence in judicial, legislative or administrative proceedings in which the

Presidio Trust is not a party. Sometimes these subpoenas or requests are for Presidio Trust records that are exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act. The Presidio Trust also receives requests for Presidio Trust employees to appear as witnesses and to provide testimony relating to materials contained in the Presidio

Trust's official records or provide testimony or information acquired during the performance of the employees' official duties.

Although many other federal agencies currently have regulations in place to address these types of requests, and the Presidio Trust itself has rules governing requests for information under the Freedom of

Information Act, the Presidio Trust has not adopted regulations governing subpoenas and other information requests for document production and testimony of Presidio Trust employees in judicial, legislative or administrative proceedings in which the Presidio Trust is not a party. Issues about such requests that have arisen in recent years warrant adoption of regulations governing their submission, evaluation and processing. Responding to these requests is not only burdensome, but may also result in a significant disruption of a

Presidio Trust employee's work schedule, involve the Presidio Trust in issues unrelated to its responsibilities and/or impede the Presidio

Trust's accomplishment of its budgetary goals. In order to resolve these issues, many agencies have issued regulations, similar to this proposed regulation, governing the circumstances and manner for responding to demands for testimony or for the production of documents.

Establishing uniform procedures for submission, evaluation and response to such demands will ensure timely notice and promote centralized decision making. The United States Supreme Court upheld this type of regulation in United States ex rel. Touhy v. Ragen, 340 U.S. 462

(1951).

Briefly summarized, the proposed rule will prohibit disclosure of official records or testimony by the Presidio Trust's employees unless there is compliance with the rule. The proposed rule sets out the information that requesters must provide and the factors that the

Presidio Trust will consider in making determinations in response to requests for testimony or the production of documents.

This proposed rule will ensure a more efficient use of the Presidio

Trust's resources, minimize the possibility of involving the Presidio

Trust in issues

Page 10854

unrelated to its mission or responsibilities, promote uniformity in responding to such subpoenas and similar requests, and maintain the impartiality of the Presidio Trust in matters that are in dispute between other parties. It will also serve the Presidio Trust's interest in protecting sensitive, confidential and privileged information and records that are generated in fulfillment of the Presidio Trust's responsibilities.

The proposed rule is internal and procedural rather than substantive. It will not create a right to obtain official records or the official testimony of a Presidio Trust employee nor will it create any additional right or privilege not already available to the Presidio

Trust to deny any demand or request for testimony or documents. Failure to comply with the procedures set out in these proposed regulations would be a basis for denying a demand or request submitted to the

Presidio Trust.

This rulemaking is in compliance with the Administrative Procedure

Act (5 U.S.C. 553) and allows for a 30-day comment period. Interested persons are invited to submit written comments to the Presidio Trust on this proposed regulation, to be received on or before April 20, 2009.

Prior to issuing its final rule, the Presidio Trust will review all comments received and consider any modifications to this proposal that appear warranted.

Executive Order 12866--Regulatory Planning and Review

This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866 issued September 30, 1993 on Regulatory Planning and Review. This proposed rule will not have an annual effect of $100 million or more on the economy nor adversely affect productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, nor State or local governments.

This proposed rule will neither interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency nor raise new legal or policy issues. This proposed rule will not alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients of such programs. Therefore, it has been determined that this is not an economically significant rule.

Executive Order 12988--Civil Justice Reform

This proposed rule has been drafted and reviewed in accordance with

Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, and will not unduly burden the Federal court system. This proposed rule has been written so as to minimize litigation and provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct, and has been reviewed carefully to eliminate drafting errors and ambiguities. Additionally, the Presidio Trust has not identified any State or local laws or regulations that are in conflict with this regulation or that would impede full implementation of this proposed rule. Nonetheless, in the event that such a conflict was to be identified, the proposed rule would preempt State or local laws or regulations found to be in conflict. However, in that case, (1) no retroactive effect would be given to this proposed rule; and (2) the proposed rule does not require the use of administration proceedings before parties may file suit in court challenging its provisions.

Executive Order 13132--Federalism

This proposed rule conforms with the Federalism principles set out in Executive Order 13132 and would not impose any compliance costs on the States; and would not have substantial direct effects on the

States, on the relationship between the National Government and the

States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Therefore, it has been determined that this proposed rule does not have federalism implications.

Unfunded Mandates

Pursuant to Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2

U.S.C. 1531-1538) as well as Executive Order 12875, the Presidio Trust has assessed the effects of this proposed rule on State, local, and

Tribal governments and the private sector. This proposed rule does not compel the expenditure of $100 million or more in any one year by any

State, local, or Tribal governments or anyone in the private sector.

Therefore, a statement under section 202 of the Act is not required.

Executive Order 13175--Consultation With Indian Tribal Governments

Pursuant to Executive Order 13175 of November 6, 2000, the Presidio

Trust has assessed the impact of this proposed rule on Indian Tribal governments and has determined that the proposed rule does not significantly or uniquely affect communities of Indian Tribal governments. The Presidio Trust has also determined that this proposed rule does not impose substantial direct compliance costs or Tribal implications on Indian tribal governments, and therefore advance consultation with Tribes is not required.

Regulatory Flexibility Act and Executive Order 13272--Consideration of

Small Entities

This proposed rule has been considered in light of the Regulatory

Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 602 et seq.) and Executive Order 13272 of

August 13, 2002. This proposed rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the

Regulatory Flexibility Act and Executive Order 13272, because the proposed rule will not impose recordkeeping requirements on them; it will not affect their competitive position in relation to large entities; and it will not affect their cash flow, liquidity or ability to remain in the market.

Certification

The Presidio Trust certifies that this proposed rule is not expected to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act or Executive

Order 13272.

Congressional Review Act

The Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller

General of the United States. Because this proposed rule is a rule of agency organization, procedure or practice that does not substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency parties it is not a

``rule'' as defined by the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 804(3)(C)) and is not subject to it.

Executive Order 13211--Energy Effects

This proposed rule is not a ``significant energy action'' as defined in Executive Order 13211 of May 22, 2001, because it is not likely to have a significant adverse affect on the supply, distribution or use of energy. The Presidio Trust has determined that this proposed rule is not likely to have any adverse energy effects.

The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

This proposed rule contains no paperwork burdens or information collection requirements that are subject to review by the Office of

Management and Budget under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44

U.S.C. 3501-3520).

Analysis of Environmental Impact

The Presidio Trust has analyzed this proposed rule in accordance with the

Page 10855

criteria of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and determined that rule does not constitute a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.

Therefore, neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is required.

Government Paperwork Elimination Act

The Presidio Trust is committed to compliance with the Government

Paperwork Elimination Act (GPEA), which requires Government agencies to provide the public the option of submitting information or transacting business electronically to the maximum extent possible. This proposed rule contains no paperwork burdens or information collection requirements, and is thus in compliance with the GPEA.

Executive Order 12630--No Takings Implication

This proposed rule has been analyzed in accordance with the principles of and criteria contained in Executive Order 12630 issued

March 15, 1988, and it has been determined that the proposed rule does not pose a risk of a taking of constitutionally protected private property.

For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Presidio Trust proposes to amend chapter X of title 36 of the Code of Federal

Regulations by adding new part 1012 to read as follows:

PART 1012--LEGAL PROCESS: TESTIMONY BY EMPLOYEES AND PRODUCTION OF

RECORDS

Sec.

General Information 1012.1 What does this part cover? 1012.2 What is the Presidio Trust's policy on granting requests for employee testimony or Presidio Trust records?

Responsibilities of Requesters 1012.3 How can I obtain employee testimony or Presidio Trust records? 1012.4 If I serve a subpoena duces tecum, must I also submit a Touhy

Request? 1012.5 What information must I put in my Touhy Request? 1012.6 How much will I be charged? 1012.7 Can I get an authenticated copy of a Presidio Trust record?

Responsibilities of the Presidio Trust 1012.8 How will the Presidio Trust process my Touhy Request? 1012.9 What criteria will the Presidio Trust consider in responding to my Touhy Request?

Responsibilities of Employees 1012.10 What must I, as an employee, do upon receiving a request? 1012.11 Must I get approval before testifying as an expert witness other than on behalf of the United States in a Federal proceeding in which the United States is a party or has a direct and substantial interest?

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 460bb appendix; 40 U.S.C. 102; 44 U.S.C. 2901 and 3102.

General Information

Sec. 1012.1 What does this part cover?

(a) This part describes how the Presidio Trust responds to requests or subpoenas for:

(1) Testimony by employees in State, territorial or Tribal judicial, legislative or administrative proceedings concerning information acquired while performing official duties or because of an employee's official status;

(2) Testimony by employees in Federal court civil proceedings in which the United States or the Presidio Trust is not a party concerning information acquired while performing official duties or because of an employee's official status;

(3) Testimony by employees in any judicial or administrative proceeding in which the United States or the Presidio Trust, while not a party, has a direct and substantial interest;

(4) Official records or certification of such records for use in

Federal, State, territorial or Tribal judicial, legislative or administrative proceedings.

(b) In this part, ``employee'' means a current or former Presidio

Trust employee, or Board member, including a contractor or special government employee, except as the Presidio Trust may otherwise determine in a particular case.

(1) Congressional requests or subpoenas for testimony or records;

(2) Federal court civil proceedings in which the United States or the Presidio Trust is a party;

(3) Federal administrative proceedings;

(4) Federal, State, and Tribal criminal court proceedings;

(5) Employees who voluntarily testify, while on their own time or in approved leave status, as private citizens as to facts or events that are not related to the official business of the Presidio Trust.

The employee must state for the record that the testimony represents the employee's own views and is not necessarily the official position of the Presidio Trust. See 5 CFR 2635.702(b), 2635.807(b).

(6) Testimony by employees as expert witnesses on subjects outside their official duties, except that they must obtain prior approval if required by Sec. 1012.11.

(d) This part does not affect the rights of any individual or the procedures for obtaining records under the Freedom of Information Act

(FOIA), Privacy Act, or statutes governing the certification of official records. The Presidio Trust FOIA and Privacy Act regulations are found at parts 1007 and 1008 of this chapter.

(e) Nothing in this part is intended to impede the appropriate disclosure under applicable laws of Presidio Trust information to

Federal, State, territorial, Tribal, or foreign law enforcement, prosecutorial, or regulatory agencies.

(f) This part only provides guidance for the internal operations of the Presidio Trust, and neither creates nor is intended to create any enforceable right or benefit against the United States or the Presidio

Trust.

Sec. 1012.2 What is the Presidio Trust's policy on granting requests for employee testimony or Presidio Trust records?

(a) Except for proceedings covered by Sec. 1012.1(c) and (d), it is the Presidio Trust's general policy not to allow its employees to testify or to produce Presidio Trust records either upon request or by subpoena. However, if the party seeking such testimony or records requests in writing, the Presidio Trust will consider whether to allow testimony or production of records under this part. The Presidio

Trust's policy ensures the orderly execution of its mission and programs while not impeding any proceeding inappropriately.

(b) No Presidio Trust employee may testify or produce records in any proceeding to which this part applies unless authorized by the

Presidio Trust under Sec. Sec. 1012.1 through 1012.11. United States ex rel. Touhy v. Ragen, 340 U.S. 462 (1951).

Responsibilities of Requesters

Sec. 1012.3 How can I obtain employee testimony or Presidio Trust records?

(a) To obtain employee testimony, you must submit:

(1) A written request (hereafter a ``Touhy Request;'' see Sec. 1012.5 and United States ex rel. Touhy v. Ragen, 340 U.S. 462 (1951)); and

(2) A statement that you will submit a valid check for costs to the

Presidio Trust, in accordance with Sec. 1012.6, if your Touhy Request is granted.

(b) To obtain official Presidio Trust records, you must submit:

(1) A Touhy Request; and

(2) A statement that you agree to pay the costs of search and/or duplication in accordance with the provisions governing requests under the Freedom of Information Act in part 1007 of this

Page 10856

chapter, if your Touhy Request is granted.

(1) The employee; and

(2) The General Counsel of the Presidio Trust.

(d) The address of Presidio Trust employees and the General Counsel is: Presidio Trust, 34 Graham Street, P.O. Box 29052, San Francisco, CA 94129-0052.

Sec. 1012.4 If I serve a subpoena duces tecum, must I also submit a

Touhy request?

Yes. If you serve a subpoena for employee testimony or if you serve a subpoena duces tecum for records in the possession of the Presidio

Trust, you also must submit a Touhy Request.

Sec. 1012.5 What information must I put in my Touhy Request?

Your Touhy Request must:

(a) Identify the employee or record;

(b) Describe the relevance of the desired testimony or records to your proceeding and provide a copy of the pleadings underlying your request;

(c) Identify the parties to your proceeding and any known relationships they have with the Presidio Trust or to its mission or programs;

(d) Show that the desired testimony or records are not reasonably available from any other source;

(e) Show that no record could be provided and used in lieu of employee testimony;

(f) Provide the substance of the testimony expected of the employee; and

(g) Explain why you believe your Touhy Request meets the criteria specified in Sec. 1012.9.

Sec. 1012.6 How much will I be charged?

We will charge you the costs, including travel expenses, for employees to testify under the relevant substantive and procedural laws and regulations. You must pay costs for record production in accordance with the provisions governing requests under the Freedom of Information

Act in part 1007 of this chapter. Estimated Costs must be paid in advance by check or money order payable to the Presidio Trust. Upon determination of the precise costs, the Presidio Trust will either reimburse you for any overpayment, or charge you for any underpayment, which charges must be paid within 10 business days by check or money order payable to the Presidio Trust.

Sec. 1012.7 Can I get an authenticated copy of a Presidio Trust record?

Yes. We may provide an authenticated copy of a Presidio Trust record, for purposes of admissibility under Federal, State or Tribal law. We will do this only if the record has been officially released or would otherwise be released under parts 1007 or 1008 of this chapter, or this part.

Responsibilities of the Presidio Trust

Sec. 1012.8 How will the Presidio Trust process my Touhy Request?

(a) The Executive Director will decide whether to grant or deny your Touhy Request. The Presidio Trust's General Counsel, or his or her agent, may negotiate with you or your attorney to refine or limit both the timing and content of your Touhy Request. When necessary, the

General Counsel also will coordinate with the Department of Justice to file appropriate motions, including motions to remove the matter to

Federal court, to quash, or to obtain a protective order.

(b) We will limit the Presidio Trust's decision to allow employee testimony to the scope of your Touhy Request.

(d) If your Touhy Request is complete, we will consider the request under Sec. 1012.9.

Sec. 1012.9 What criteria will the Presidio Trust consider in responding to my Touhy Request?

In deciding whether to grant your Touhy Request, the Executive

Director will consider:

(a) Your ability to obtain the testimony or records from another source;

(b) The appropriateness of the employee testimony and record production under the relevant regulations of procedure and substantive law, including the FOIA or the Privacy Act; and

(1) Conduct its official business unimpeded;

(2) Maintain impartiality in conducting its business;

(3) Minimize the possibility that the Presidio Trust will become involved in issues that are not related to its mission or programs;

(4) Avoid spending public employees' time for private purposes;

(5) Avoid any negative cumulative effect of granting similar requests;

(6) Ensure that privileged or protected matters remain confidential; and

(7) Avoid undue burden on the Presidio Trust.

Responsibilities of Employees

Sec. 1012.10 What must I, as an employee, do upon receiving a request?

(a) If you receive a request or subpoena that does not include a

Touhy Request, you must immediately notify your supervisor and the

Presidio Trust's General Counsel for assistance in issuing the proper response.

(b) If you receive a Touhy Request, you must promptly notify your supervisor and forward the request to the General Counsel. After consulting with the General Counsel, the Executive Director will decide whether to grant the Touhy Request under Sec. 1012.9.

(c) All decisions granting or denying a Touhy Request must be in writing. The Executive Director must ask the General Counsel for advice when preparing the decision.

(d) Under 28 U.S.C. 1733, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 44(a)(1), or comparable State or Tribal law, a request for an authenticated copy of a Presidio Trust record may be granted by the person having the legal custody of the record. If you believe that you have custody of a record:

(1) Consult the General Counsel to determine if you can grant a request for authentication of records; and

(2) Consult the General Counsel concerning the proper form of the authentication (as authentication requirements may vary by jurisdiction).

Sec. 1012.11 Must I get approval before testifying as an expert witness other than on behalf of the United States in a Federal proceeding in which the United States is a party or has a direct and substantial interest?

(a) You must comply with 5 CFR 2635.805(c), which details the authorization procedure for an employee to testify as an expert witness, not on behalf of the United States, in any proceeding before a court or agency of the United States in which the United States is a party or has a direct and substantial interest. This procedure means:

(1) You must obtain the written approval of the Presidio Trust's

General Counsel;

(2) You must be in an approved leave status if you testify during duty hours; and

(3) You must state for the record that you are appearing as a private individual and that your testimony does not represent the official views of the Presidio Trust.

(b) If you testify as an expert witness on a matter outside the scope of your official duties, and which is not covered by paragraph

(a) of this section, you must comply with 5 CFR 2635.802.

Page 10857

Dated: March 9, 2009.

Karen A. Cook,

General Counsel.

FR Doc. E9-5446 Filed 3-12-09; 8:45 am

BILLING CODE 4310-4R-P

Subscribers can access the reported version of this case.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see a list of all the cited cases and legislation of a document.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see a list of all the documents that have cited the case.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see the revised versions of legislation with amendments.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see any amendments made to the case.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see a visualisation of a case and its relationships to other cases. An alternative to lists of cases, the Precedent Map makes it easier to establish which ones may be of most relevance to your research and prioritise further reading. You also get a useful overview of how the case was received.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see the list of results connected to your document through the topics and citations Vincent found.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Legal Process; Testimony by Employees and Production of Records

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users