Pesticides; tolerances in food, animal feeds, and raw agricultural commodities: Methoxyfenozide,
[Federal Register: September 20, 2002 (Volume 67, Number 183)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 59193-59205]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr20se02-14]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[OPP-2002-0219; FRL-7198-5]
Methoxyfenozide; Pesticide Tolerance
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of methoxyfenozide and the combined residues of methoxyfenozide and its glucuronide metabolite on various agriculural food commodities. This regulation also establishes tolerances for indirect or inadvertent residues for methoxyfenozide and establishes tolerances for indirect or inadvertent combined residues for methoxyfenozide and its metabolites on various food commodities, and increases the already established tolerances for residues of methoxyfenozide and increases the already established tolerances for the combined residues of methoxyfenozide and its glucuronide metabolite on various food commodities. Rohm and Haas Company and the Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4), Technology Center of New Jersey, the State University of New Jersey requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. The chemical was subsequently purchased by Dow Agrosciences from Rohm and Haas Company. The specific food commodities affected by the establishment or increase of these tolerances are set forth in the preamble to this document.
DATES: This regulation is effective September 20, 2002. Objections and requests for hearings, identified by docket ID number OPP-2002-0219, must be received on or before November 19, 2002.
ADDRESSES: Written objections and hearing requests may be submitted by mail, in person, or by courier. Please follow the detailed instructions for each method as provided in Unit VI. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, your objections and hearing requests must identify docket ID number OPP-2002-0219 in the subject line on the first page of your response.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: By mail: Joseph M. Tavano, Registration Division 7505C, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (703) 305-6411; e-mail address: tavano.joseph@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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General Information
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Does this Action Apply to Me?
You may be affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. Potentially affected categories and entities may include, but are not limited to:
Examples of Potentially Categories
NAICS Affected Entities
Industry
111 Crop production 112 Animal production 311 Food manufacturing 32532 Pesticide manufacturing
This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether or not this action might apply to certain entities. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
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How Can I Get Additional Information, Including Copies of this Document and Other Related Documents?
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Electronically. You may obtain electronic copies of this document, and certain other related documents that might be available electronically, from the EPA Internet home page at http://www.epa.gov/. To access this document, on the home page select ``Laws and Regulations'', ``Regulations and Proposed Rules,'' and then look up the entry for this document under the ``Federal Register--Environmental Documents.'' You can also go directly to the Federal Register listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/. A frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR part 180 is available at http://www.access.gpo.gov/ nara/cfr/cfrhtml--00/Title--40/40cfr180--00 .html, a beta site currently under development.
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In person. The Agency has established an official record for this action under docket ID number OPP-2002-0219. The official record consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, and other information related to this action, including any information claimed as Confidential Business Information (CBI). This official record includes the documents that are physically located in the docket, as well as the documents that are referenced in those documents. The public version of the official record does not include any information claimed as CBI. The public version of the official record, which includes printed, paper versions of any electronic comments submitted during an applicable comment period is available for inspection in the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch (PIRIB), Rm. 119, Crystal Mall 2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA, from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The PIRIB telephone number is (703) 305-5805.
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Background and Statutory Findings
In the Federal Registers of January 10, 2000, 65 FR 1370-1381; FRL- 6394-6; March 19, 2001, 66 FR 15432-15459; FRL-6766-7; May 23, 2001, 66 FR 28482-28487; FRL-6782-5 and August 24, 2001, 66 FR 44629-44634; FRL- 6796-2; and August 14, 2002, 67 FR 52996-53001; FRL-7191-9. EPA issued notices pursuant to section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a, as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) (Public Law 104-170), announcing the filing of a pesticide petitions (PP 9F6033; 9F6062; 0F6201; 0F6213; 1F 6259; 1F6287; 2E6382 and
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2E6408) by Rohm and Haas Company,100 Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106-2399 and the Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4), Technology Centre of New Jersey, the State University of New Jersey, 681 U.S. Highway 1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390. These notices included a summary of the petitions prepared by Rohm and Haas Company, the registrant or the Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4). There were no comments received in response to these notices of filing.
The petitions requested that 40 CFR 180.544 be amended by establishing tolerances for residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide in or on almond, hulls; artichoke, globe; field corn grain; field corn forage; field corn stover (fodder); corn, oil; aspirated grain fractions; sweet corn (K + CWHR); sweet corn forage; sweet corn stover (fodder); corn silage; stone fruits crop group; prunes; grapes; Spanish lime; longan; lychee; tree nut crop group; pulasan; raisins; rambutan; fruiting vegetables (except cucurbits); crop subgroup 4A leafy green vegetables; 4B leaf petioles; head and stem Brassica; crop subgroup 5B leafy Brassica greens; at 45.0, 3.0, 0.05, 15.0, 105, 0.2, 1.0, 0.05, 30, 60, 5.0, 5.0, 7.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 0.1, 2.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.0, 25.0, 10.0, 6.5, 20 parts per million (ppm) respectively and an increase in the established tolerance for residues of methoxyfenozide to 0.1 ppm in milk and an increase in the established tolerances for residues of methoxyfenozide and its glucuronide metabolite in the fat of cattle, goats, horses, hogs and sheep; liver of cattle, goats, horses, hogs and sheep; and meat byproducts (except liver) of cattle, goats, horses hogs and sheep to 0.5, 0.4 and 0.1 ppm respectively. These petitions also requested that 40 CFR 180.544 be amended by establishing time limited tolerances for the indirect or inadvertent residues of methoxyfenozide and its metabolites RH-117,236 free phenol of methoxyfenozide; 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid N-tert-butyl-N'-(3- hydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl) hydrazide, RH-151,055 glucose conjugateof RH- 117,236; 3,5-dimethylbenzoicacid N-tert-butyl-N-
[3([] -D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2- methylbenzoyl]-hydrazide and RH-152,072 the malonylglycosyl conjugate of RH 117,236 in or on root and tuber vegetables; leaves of root and tuber vegetables; bulb vegetables; leafy vegetables (except Brassica); Brassica vegetables; legume vegetables; foliage of legume vegetables; forage, fodder, hay, and straw of cereal grains; grass forage, fodder and hay; forage, fodder, straw and hay of non-grass animal feeds; and herbs and spices when present therein as a result of application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops at 0.05, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2, 0.05, 8.0, 7.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 8.0 ppm respectively.
Based on the residue data submitted, EPA has determined that the following changes to the requested tolerances listed above are necessary. A higher tolerance of 125 ppm is required for field corn stover. A higher tolerance of 30.0 ppm is required for vegetable, leafy (except Brassica), leafy greens subgroup. A higher tolerance of 25 ppm is required for vegetable, leafy (except Brassica), leaf petioles subgroup. A higher tolerance of 7.0 ppm is required for vegetables, leafy, Brassica (cole), head and stem subgroup. A higher tolerance of 30.0 ppm is required for vegetables, leafy, Brassica (cole), greens subgroup. A separate tolerance of 0.30 is needed for plums (fresh prune). A lower tolerance of 25.0 ppm is required for almond hulls. A higher tolerance of 2.0 ppm is required for aspirated grain fractions. No tolerance is required for corn silage since residues in silage are covered by the proposed tolerance for field corn forage. A tolerance for processed prunes is not needed. A lower tolerance of 3.0 ppm is required for stone fruit (except plum, fresh prune). The proposed higher tolerances for hog commodities are not needed. A tolerance of 0.02ppm is required for poultry, fat and 0.02for poultry, meat. A tolerance of 0.02ppm is required for eggs. A tolerance of 0.10 ppm is required for poultry, liver and 0.02ppm for poultry meat byproducts (mbyp) (except liver). Higher tolerances for the indirect or inadvertent residues of methoxyfenozide in or on vegetable, bulb, group; vegetable, root and tuber, group and vegetable, root and tuber, leaves, group at 0.20, 0.10, and 0.20 ppm respectively are required. Tolerances for the indirect or inadvertent residues of methoxyfenozide in or on leafy and Brassica vegetables are not needed since direct tolerances are being established for them. Higher tolerances for the indirect or inadvertent combined residues of methoxyfenozide benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-, 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1- dimethylethyl) hydrazide and its metabolites RH-117,236 free phenol of methoxyfenozide; 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid N-tert-butyl-N'-(3-hydroxy-2- methylbenzoyl) hydrazide], RH-151,055 [glucose conjugate of RH-117,236; 3,5-dimethyl benzoic acid N-tert-butyl-N-[3 ([]-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2- methylbenzoyl]-hydrazide and RH-152,072 the malonylglycosyl conjugate of RH 117,236 in or on animal feed, non-grass (forage, fodder, straw, hay), group; grain, cereal, forage, fodder, and straw, group; grass, forage, fodder, and hay, group; herbs and spices, group; vegetable, legume, group; and vegetable, legume, foliage, group at 10.0 ppm, 10.0 ppm, 10.0 ppm, 10.0 ppm, 0.10 ppm and 10.0 ppm respectively are needed.
Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue....''
EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the regulatory requirements of section 408 and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see the final rule on Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997) (FRL-5754-7).
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Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety
Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section 408(b)(2), for tolerances for residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide in or on almond, hulls; artichoke, globe; cattle, fat; corn, field, grain; corn, field, forage; corn, field, stover; corn, oil; corn, aspirated grain fractions; corn, sweet (K + CWHR); corn, sweet, forage; corn, sweet, stover; fruit, stone, group (except plum, fresh prune); goat, fat; grape; horse, fat; lime, Spanish; longan; lychee; milk; nut, tree, group; pistachio; plum (fresh prune); poultry, fat; poultry, meat; pulasan; raisin; rambutan; sheep, fat; vegetable,
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fruiting (except cucurbits), group; vegetable, leafy (except Brassica), leafy greens subgroup; vegetable, leafy (except Brassica), leaf petioles subgroup; vegetable, leafy, Brassica (cole), head and stem subgroup; vegetable, leafy, Brassica (cole), greens subgroup at 25.0, 3.0, 0.50, 0.05, 15.0, 125.0, 0.20, 2.0, 0.05, 30.0, 60.0, 3.0, 0.50, 1.0, 0.50, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 0.10, 0.10, 0.10, 0.30, 0.02, 0.02, 2.0, 1.5, 2.0, 0.5, 2.0, 30.0, 25.0, 7.0 and 30.0 ppm respectively, and for the combined residues of methoxyfenozide and its glucuronide metabolite in or on cattle, liver; cattle, meat byproducts (except liver); eggs; goat, liver; goat meat byproducts (except liver); horse, liver; horse, meat byproducts (except liver); poultry, liver; poultry, meat byproducts (except liver); sheep, liver; and sheep, meat byproducts (except liver) at 0.40, 0.10, 0.02, 0.40, 0.10, 0.40, 0.10, 0.10, 0.02, 0.40 and 0.10 ppm, respectively. EPA also has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section 408(b)(2), for time-limited tolerances for the indirect or inadvertent residues for methoxyfenozide in or on vegetable, bulb, group; vegetable, root and tuber, group; and vegetable, root and tuber, leaves, group when present therein as a result of the application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops at 0.20, 0.10 and 0.20 ppm, respectively and time-limited indirect or inadvertent combined residues for methoxyfenozide and its metabolites RH-117,236 free phenol of methoxyfenozide; 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid N- tert-butyl-N'-(3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl) hydrazide], RH-151,055 glucose conjugate of RH-117,236; 3,5-dimethylbenzoicacid N-tert-butyl- N-[3([]-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2- methylbenzoyl]-hydrazide and RH-152,072 the malonylglycosyl conjugate of RH-117,236 in or on animal feed, non-grass (forage, fodder, straw, hay), group; grain, cereal, forage, fodder, and straw, group; grass, forage, fodder, and hay, group; herbs and spices, group; vegetable, legume, group; and vegetable, legume, foliage, group when present therein as a result of the application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops at 10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 0.10 and 10.0 ppm, respectively. EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associated with establishing the tolerance follows.
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Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by methoxyfenozide are discussed below as well as the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies reviewed.
In an acute neurotoxicity study in rats (MRID 44617802), statistically significant decreased hindlimb grip strength was observed in male rats at 3 hours (approximate time of peak effect) following a single oral dose of 2,000 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) (limit dose) of methoxyfenozide. Decreased hindlimb grip strength was also observed in the male rats at 7 and 14 days, but was not statistically significant. No other systemic or neurotoxic effects were observed in the male rats or in the female rats at any time in this study. Since this marginal effect occurred only in one sex, was statistically significant at only one time, was observed only at the high dose (limit dose) and no other signs of toxicity were observed in the rats in this study, this possible effect is not considered to be biologically significant. In addition, neither decreased hindlimb grip strength nor any other signs of neurotoxicity were observed in any of the animals at any time in a 90-day subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats (MRID 44617803).
In a 2-week range-finding dietary study in rats (MRID 44617722), treatment-related effects were observed at >=5,000 ppm in the liver (increased liver weights and hepatocellular hypertrophy in males and females), in the thyroid gland (hypertrophy/hyperplasia of follicular cells in males and females), and in the adrenal gland (increased adrenal weights and/or hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata in females). Hypertrophy/hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells was also observed in males and females at 1,000 ppm, the LOAEL in this study. The NOAEL was 250 ppm. Treatment-related hematological changes were not observed in the rats in this study.
In a 3-month feeding study in rats (MRID 44617722), the predominant treatment-related effects were increased liver weights in males and females and periportal hepatocellular hypertrophy in all males and females at 20,000 ppm (highest dose tested) and at 5,000 ppm. In addition, at 20,000 ppm, a slightly decreased (7-8%) red blood cell (RBC) count and slightly decreased (7-8%) hemoglobin concentration, compared to control rats, were observed in the females. The LOAEL in this study was 5,000 ppm (353 mg/kg/day in males and 379 mg/kg/day in females). The NOAEL was 1,000 ppm (69 mg/kg/day in males and 72 mg/kg/ day in females). Although observed in the 2-week dietary study and in the 2-year chronic feeding/carcinogenicity study in rats, treatment- related effects in the thyroid and adrenal glands were not observed in the rats in this 3-month study. There is no available biological explanation for this difference in findings in the studies.
In a 2-year combined chronic feeding/carcinogenicity study in rats (MRID 44617731), the following treatment-related effects were observed at 20,000 ppm (highest dose tested): decreased survival in males, decreased body weight and food efficiency in females during the last year of the study, hematological changes (decreased RBC counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and/or hematocrits; methemoglobinemia; and increased platelet counts) in males and females, increased liver weights and periportal hepatocellular hypertrophy in males and females, thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy in males, altered thyroid colloid in males and females, and increased adrenal weights in males and females. At 8,000 ppm, the following treatment-related effects were observed: hematological changes (decreased RBC counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and/or hematocrits in males and females), liver toxicity (increased liver weights in males and periportal hepatocellular hypertrophy in males and females), histopathological changes in the thyroid (increased follicular cell hypertrophy in males and altered colloid in males) and possible adrenal toxicity (increased adrenal weights in males and females). The LOAEL in this study was 8,000 ppm (411 mg/kg/day in males and 491 mg/kg/day in females), based on the effects described above. The NOAEL was 200 ppm (10.2 mg/kg/day in males and 11.9 mg/kg/day in females). This NOAEL was used to establish the RfD for methoxyfenozide. Utilizing an uncertainty factor (UF) of 100 to account for both interspecies extrapolation (10X) and intraspecies variability (10X), the chronic RfD for methoxyfenozide was calculated to be 0.10 mg/kg/day. No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed in this study. Dosing was considered adequate because of the decreased survival in males and the decreased body weights and food efficiency in females at 20,000 ppm. In addition, the highest dose tested for both males and females, 20,000 ppm (1,045 mg/kg/day males and 1,248 mg/kg/day in females), is higher than the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
In a 2-week range-finding study in dogs (MRID 44617724), treatment-
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related hematological changes were observed in both males and females at 3,500 ppm, 7,000 ppm, 15,000 ppm and 30,000 ppm (highest dose tested). These changes included decreased RBC counts, decreased hemoglobin concentrations, decreased hematocrits, decreased MCHC, increased MCV, increased MCH, increased Heinz bodies, methemoglobinemia, changes in RBC morphology such as Howell-Jolly bodies and polychromasia, increased reticulocyte counts, increased nucleated RBC and increased platelet counts. At the same dose levels (>= 3,500 ppm), increased spleen weights and/or enlarged spleens were also observed. At >= 7,000 ppm, plasma total bilirubin was increased. The LOAEL in this study was 3,500 ppm (90-184 mg/kg/day in males and females). The NOAEL was 300 ppm (11-16 mg/kg/day in males and females).
In a 3-month feeding study in dogs (MRID 44617724), no treatment- related effects other than a suggestion of decreased body weight gains in males and females were observed in either males or females at the highest dose tested viz. 5,000 ppm (198 mg/kg/day in males and 209 mg/ kg/day in females). Although hematological effects were noted in dogs in the 2-week range-finding study at >= 3,500 ppm (90-184 mg/kg/day) and in the 1-year chronic feeding study at >=3,000 ppm (106 mg/kg/day in males and 111 mg/kg/day in females), hematological changes were not observed in this 3-month study at 5,000 ppm (198/209 mg/kg/day). There is no available biological explanation for this difference in findings in the studies.
As part of the 3-month study in dogs (MRID 44617724), some male and female dogs were given 15 ppm (0.6 mg/kg/day) of methoxyfenozide in the diet for 15 weeks followed by an increase in the dietary dose to 15,000 ppm (422 mg/kg/day in males and 460 mg/kg/day in females) for an additional 6 weeks. After about 2 weeks and 6 weeks at 15,000 ppm, hematological examinations were conducted. No hematological changes in these dogs were observed. Apparently, pretreatment of the dogs at 15 ppm for 15 weeks prevented the occurrence of hematological changes which would have been expected to occur based on results in the 2-week and 1-year feeding studies. One possible explanation is that the liver microsomal enzyme system may have been stimulated so much during pretreatment at 15 ppm that the metabolic (detoxification ?) rate of methoxyfenozide was increased to the point where blood levels of methoxyfenozide may have remained below critical effect levels at 15,000 ppm. Another possible explanation is that compensatory mechanisms for replacing damaged RBC in pretreated dogs may have been so efficient that hematological changes were not observed in these dogs even at 15,000 ppm. Other explanations for this finding are also possible.
In a 1-year chronic feeding study in dogs (MRID 44617728), the predominant toxic effects were anemia and signs of an associated compensatory response. At 30,000 ppm, the highest dose tested, the following treatment-related effects were observed in both males and females: decreased RBC counts, decreased hemoglobin concentrations, decreased hematocrits, methemoglobinemia, nucleated RBC, increased platelets, increased serum total bilirubin, bilirubinurea, increased hemosiderin in macrophages in liver and spleen, and increased hyperplasia in bone marrow of rib and sternum. Increased liver weights in males and females and increased thyroid weights in males were also observed at 30,000 ppm. Signs of anemia were also noted at 3,000 ppm and included decreased RBC counts, decreased hemoglobin concentrations, decreased hematocrits, methemoglobinemia, increased platelets, and increased serum total bilirubin and bilirubinurea. The LOAEL in this study was 3,000 ppm (106 mg/kg/day in males and 111 mg/kg/day in females). The NOAEL was 300 ppm (9.8 mg/kg/day in males and 12.6 mg/kg/ day in females).
In a 3-month feeding study in mice (MRID 44617723), the only treatment-related effect was decreased body weight gain in males and females at 7,000 ppm, the highest dose tested. The LOAEL in this study was 7,000 ppm (1,149 mg/kg/day in males and 1,742 mg/kg/day in females) and the NOAEL was 2,500 ppm (428 mg/kg/day in males and 589 mg/kg/day in females). In an 18-month carcinogenicity study in mice (MRID 44617729), no treatment-related effects were observed at doses up to and including the limit dose of 7,000 ppm (1,020 mg/kg/day in males and 1,354 mg/kg/day in females). No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed in this study. Dosing was considered adequate because the highest dose tested for both males and females, 7,000 ppm (1,020 mg/kg/ day in males and 1,354 mg/kg/day in females, respectively), is higher than the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
In a battery of four mutagenicity studies (with and without metabolic activation, as appropriate for the specific study), technical grade methoxyfenozide was negative for genotoxicity in all four studies. The four studies satisfy the new revised mutagenicity guideline requirements for a new chemical (published in 1991). An additional mutagenicity study, performed on RH-117,236 (Metabolite M- B), a metabolite of methoxyfenozide, was also negative for genotoxicity.
Based on the lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in male and female rats as well as in male and female mice and on the lack of genotoxicity in an acceptable battery of mutagenicity studies, methoxyfenozide is classified as a ``not likely'' human carcinogen according to the EPA Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (April 10, 1996).
In a developmental toxicity study in rats (MRID 44638201), no signs of maternal toxicity in dams or of developmental toxicity in fetuses were observed at the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL in this study for both maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity was 1,000 mg/kg/day. The LOAEL was >1,000 mg/kg/day. Similarly, in a developmental toxicity study in rabbits (MRID 44617726), no signs of maternal toxicity or of developmental toxicity were observed at the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL in this study for both maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity was 1,000 mg/kg/day. The LOAEL was >1,000 mg/kg/day.
In neither the developmental toxicity study in rats nor in the developmental toxicity study in rabbits was there any evidence for increased susceptibility of fetuses to in utero exposure to methoxyfenozide. In these studies, methoxyfenozide was determined not to be a developmental toxicant.
In a 2-generation (1 litter/generation) reproduction study in rats (MRID 44617727), treatment-related parental toxicity was observed only at 20,000 ppm, the highest dose tested. At this dose, increased liver weights were observed in males and females of both generations and midzonal to periportal hepatocellular hypertrophy was observed in the livers of all males and females of both generations. The LOAEL for parental toxicity was 20,000 ppm (1,552 mg/kg/day for males and 1,821 mg/kg/day for females) and the NOAEL was 2,000 ppm (153 mg/kg/day for males and 181 mg/kg/day for females). There were no treatment-related effects on reproductive parameters for adult (parent) animals. The NOAEL for reproductive toxicity was 20,000 ppm. Since no treatment- related effects were observed in the pups, the NOAEL for neonatal toxicity was also 20,000 ppm. The NOAEL for parental toxicity in this reproduction study is higher than the NOAEL for the 2-year combined
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chronic feeding/carcinogenicity study in rats because many of the toxic effects observed in the 2-year study at the LOAEL (hematological changes, liver toxicity, histopathological changes in the thyroid gland and increased adrenal weights) were not examined in the reproduction study.
In a metabolism study in rats (MRID 44617804), 14C- methoxyfenozide was rapidly absorbed, distributed, metabolized and almost completely excreted within 48 hours. The major route of excretion was feces (86-97%) with lesser amounts in the urine (5-13%). An enterohepatic circulation was observed. The test material was metabolized principally by O-demethylation of the A-ring methoxy group and oxidative hydroxylation of the B-ring methyl groups followed by conjugation with glucuronic acid. No significant sex-related or dose- dependent differences in metabolic disposition were noted. Seven metabolites and the parent accounted for 74-90% of the administered dose in all groups. The glucuronide conjugates are considered to be less toxic than the parent compound because glucuronide conjugation is well known to be a commonly occurring ``detoxification'' mechanism in mammalian species since it results in the formation of more polar, more water-soluble metabolites which are readily and easily excreted from the body (in this case, in the bile and urine). Further, based on similarities of chemical structure, the non-conjugated metabolites would be expected to be no more toxic than the parent compound.
In a dermal absorption study in rats (MRID 44638201) using an 80% wettable powder formulation as the test material, the cumulative dermal absorption of test material after a 10 or 24 hour dermal exposure was determined to be 2%.
In a 28-day dermal toxicity study in rats (MRID 44617725), no treatment-related systemic or skin effects were observed at the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).
Regarding effects on endocrine organs, methoxyfenozide affected the thyroid gland and adrenal gland in the 2-week and 2-year feeding studies in rats. In the thyroid gland, hypertrophy/hyperplasia of follicular cells and altered colloid were observed in males and females at or near the LOAEL in both of these studies. In the adrenal gland, increased adrenal weights and hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata were also observed in males and females at or near the LOAEL. In addition, in the 1-year chronic feeding study in dogs, increased thyroid weight in males was observed, but only at the very high dose of 30,000 ppm. Other than the morphological changes described above, there were no signs of thyroid or adrenal dysfunction in these or in any other studies on methoxyfenozide.
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Toxicological Endpoints
The dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the NOAEL) from the toxicology study identified as appropriate for use in risk assessment is used to estimate the toxicological level of concern (LOC). However, the lowest dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL) is sometimes used for risk assessment if no NOAEL was achieved in the toxicology study selected. An uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to reflect uncertainties inherent in the extrapolation from laboratory animal data to humans and in the variations in sensitivity among members of the human population as well as other unknowns. An UF of 100 is routinely used, 10X to account for interspecies differences and 10X for intra species differences.
For dietary risk assessment (other than cancer) the Agency uses the UF to calculate an acute or chronic reference dose (acute RfD or chronic RfD) where the RfD is equal to the NOAEL divided by the appropriate UF (RfD = NOAEL/UF). Where an additional safety factor is retained due to concerns unique to the FQPA, this additional factor is applied to the RfD by dividing the RfD by such additional factor. The acute or chronic Population Adjusted Dose (aPAD or cPAD) is a modification of the RfD to accommodate this type of FQPA Safety Factor.
For non-dietary risk assessments (other than cancer) the UF is used to determine the LOC. For example, when 100 is the appropriate UF (10X to account for interspecies differences and 10X for intraspecies differences) the LOC is 100. To estimate risk, a ratio of the NOAEL to exposures (margin of exposure (MOE) = NOAEL/exposure) is calculated and compared to the LOC.
The linear default risk methodology (Q*) is the primary method currently used by the Agency to quantify carcinogenic risk. The Q* approach assumes that any amount of exposure will lead to some degree of cancer risk. A Q* is calculated and used to estimate risk which represents a probability of occurrence of additional cancer cases (e.g., risk is expressed as 1 x 10-6or one in a million). Under certain specific circumstances, MOE calculations will be used for the carcinogenic risk assessment. In this non-linear approach, a ``point of departure'' is identified below which carcinogenic effects are not expected. The point of departure is typically a NOAEL based on an endpoint related to cancer effects though it may be a different value derived from the dose response curve. To estimate risk, a ratio of the point of departure to exposure (MOEcancer= point of departure/exposures) is calculated. A summary of the toxicological endpoints for methoxyfenozide used for human risk assessment is shown in the following Table 2:
Table 1.--Summary of Toxicological Dose and Endpoints for Methoxyfenozide for Use in Human Risk Assessment
Exposure Scenario
Dose (mg/kg/day)
Endpoint
Study
Acute Dietary
None
No appropriate endpoint None was identified in the oral toxicity studies including the acute neurotoxicity study in rats and the developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits.
UF = N/A
Acute RfD = Not Applicable
[[Page 59198]]
Chronic Dietary (Non cancer) All NOAEL = 10.2 mg/kg/day Hematological changes 2-Year combined chronic Population Subgroups
(decreased RBC,
feeding/ hemoglobin and/or
carcinogenicity, rats hematocrit), liver toxicity (increased weights, hypertrophy), histopathological changes in thyroid (increased follicular cell hypertrophy, altered colloid), possible adrenal toxicity (increased weights).
UF = 100; FQPA = 1X
Chronic RfD = 0.10 mg/kg/day Chronic Population Adjusted Dose (cPAD) = 0.10 mg/kg/day This cPAD applies to All population subgroups.
Short-Term, Intermediate-Term, and None
No systemic toxicity None Long-Term (Dermal)
was seen at the limit dose following repeated dermal application to rats.
Short-Term-Intermediate-Term, and None
Based on low vapor None Long-Term (Inhalation)
pressure, the low acute toxicity of both the technical and formulated products as well as the application rate and application method, there is minimal concern for inhalation exposure.
Cancer
None
None.
None
* The reference to the FQPA Safety Factor refers to any additional safety factor retained due to concerns unique to the FQPA.
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Exposure Assessment
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Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. Tolerances have been established (40 CFR 180.544) for the residues of methoxyfenozide, in or on a variety of raw agricultural commodities. Risk assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietary exposures from methoxyfenozide in food as follows:
i. Acute exposure. Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result of a one day or single exposure. No appropriate toxicological endpoint attributable to a single exposure was identified in the available toxicology studies on methoxyfenozide. Thus, the risk from acute exposure is considered negligible.
ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting this chronic dietary risk assessment the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM[reg]) analysis evaluated the individual food consumption as reported by respondents in the USDA 1989-1992 nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) and accumulated exposure to the chemical for each commodity. The following assumptions were made for the chronic exposure assessments:
a. A tier 1( assumptions: tolerance level residues and 100 percent crop treated ) was conducted.
b. The established tolerances of 40 CFR 180.544 and the new tolerances established today were included in the analysis.
c. Anticipated residues and percent crop treated were not used in this analysis.
d. The processing factors applied were the DEEM default values.
As shown in table 2 of this preamble, the resulting dietary food exposures occupy up to 34.3% of the Chronic PAD for the most highly exposed population subgroup, children, 1-6 years old. These results should be viewed as conservative (health protective) risk estimates. Refinements such as use of percent crop-treated information and/or anticipated residue values would yield even lower estimates of chronic dietary exposure.
Table 2.--Summary:Chronic Dietary Exposure Analysis by DEEM (Tier 1)
Exposure (mg/ % of Chronic Population Subgroup\1\
kg/day)
PAD\2\
U.S. Population (Total)
0.018704
18.7
All infants (-3mg/[mu]g) x water consumed daily (L/day)]. [mu]g/L = parts per billion. \3\ EPA default body weights are: General U.S. Population, 70 kg;Males (13+ years old), 70 kg;Females (13+ years old), 60 kg; Other Adult Populations, 70 kg; and, All Infants/Children, 10 kg. \4\ EPA default daily drinking rates are 2 L/day for Adults and 1 L/day for Children. \5\ Within each of these subgroups, the subpopulation with the highest (chronic) food exposure was selected; namely, Females (13+/nursing); Children 1-6 yrs;and, Non-hispanic/non-white/non-black, respectively.
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Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
Methoxyfenozide is not registered for use on any sites that would result in residential exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the sum of the risk from food and water, which do not exceed the Agency's level of concern.
[[Page 59201]]
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Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure takes into account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
Methoxyfenozide is not registered for use on any sites that would result in residential exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the sum of the risk from food and water, which do not exceed the Agency's level of concern.
-
Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Methoxyfenozide is classified as a ``not likely'' human carcinogen. Therefore, exposure to methoxyfenozide is expected to create at most a negligible risk of cancer.
-
Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the general population, and to infants and children from aggregate exposure to methoxyfenozide residues.
-
-
-
Other Considerations
-
Analytical Enforcement Methodology
-
Enforcement methods for target crops. Adequate enforcement methods are available for determination of methoxyfenozide residues in plant commodities. The similar methods that are used vary depending on the matrices involved. The enforcement method for cottonseed is TR 34- 96-88 (high production liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV); MRID 44617821), which has undergone a successful petition method validation (PMV) trial conducted by EPA (D261663). The enforcement method for pome fruit (also proposed for globe artichoke and lychee) is TR 34-98-87 (HPLC/UV; MRID 44626304), which has also undergone a successful PMV trial conducted by EPA (D261664). The other proposed enforcement methods are on: corn, TR 34-00-38 (HPLC/UV; MRID 45213504); tree nuts, TR 34-00-107 (HPLC/UV; MRID 45373503); stone fruit, TR 34-00-109 (HPLC/UV; MRID 45313302); leafy and Brassica (cole) vegetables, fruiting vegetables, grapes and raisins, TR 34-99-74 (HPLC/ UV or MS; MRID 44873410). Adequate confirmatory method validation, radiovalidation, and independent laboratory validation (ILV) data for these methods have been provided.
-
Enforcement method for rotational crops. Method TR 34-00-41(MRID 45194701) is designated as the enforcement method for indirect or inadvertent residues in rotational crops (D269986). The method determines residues of methoxyfenozide (HPLC/UV) in high moisture crops; and residues of methoxyfenozide and its metabolites RH-117,236, RH-151,055, and RH-152,072 (HPLC/MS) in low moisture crops. Adequate confirmatory method validation, radiovalidation, and ILV data have been submitted. EPA concluded (D274209) a PMV trial on this method was not needed because of its similarity to TR 34-98-87.
-
Enforcement methods for animal commodities. The tolerance enforcement method for animal commodities (except poultry) is TR 34-98- 106 (MRID 44626305), which has undergone a successful PMV trial conducted by EPA (D261665). The method determines residues of parent methoxyfenozide (HPLC/UV) in fat, cream, milk, and muscle;and residues of methoxyfenozide and its metabolite RH-141,518 (HPLC/MS) in liver and kidney (D249438). A similar method, TR 34-00-40 (MRID 45213505), will be the enforcement method for poultry commodities. TR 34-00-40 determines methoxyfenozide in fat (HPLC/UV) and muscle (HPLC/MS);and methoxyfenozide and RH-141,518 (HPLC/MS) in eggs and liver (D269969). EPA concluded (D274209) a PMV trial on this method was not needed because of its similarity to TR 34-98-106. Adequate confirmatory method validation, radiovalidation, and ILV data have been submitted for both methods.
-
Multiresidue methods testing. Methoxyfenozide is not recoverable by the Food and Drug Administration multiresidue method protocols of the Pesticide Analytical Method, Volume I (D249438). Test data for metabolites RH-141,518, RH-117,236, RH-151,055, and RH-152,072 are also required, but have not been submitted. Submission of such test data will be made a condition of registration.
These methods may be requested from: Calvin Furlow, PIRIB, Information Resources and Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (703) 305-5229; e- mail address: furlow.calvin@epa.gov.
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-
International Residue Limits
There are no Codex or Canadian MRLs established for residues of methoxyfenozide. Mexican MRLs are established for residues of methoxyfenozide in cottonseed (0.05 ppm) and maize (0.01 ppm). The U.S. tolerances on these commodities are 2.0 ppm and 0.05 ppm, respectively. Based on the current use patterns, the U.S. tolerance levels can not be reduced to harmonize with the Mexican MRLs, so incompatibility will exist.
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Conditions
Submission of test data showing the recovery of metabolites RH- 141,518, RH-117,236, RH-151,055, and RH-152,072 through the multiresidue test protocols of PAM, Vol. 1.
Submission of additional field accumulation trials (the 24 reportedly in progress). In the interim period, only time-limited tolerances (5 year) should be established.
[sbull] Submission of the following additional field trials, conducted per their respective proposed use pattern:
[sbull] Three for spinach (one each from Regions 1, 2, and 10)
[sbull] Two for celery (both from Region 3, preferably using Intrepid 2F)
[sbull] Three for mustard greens (one each from Regions 2, 3, and 10)
[sbull] Two for plums (one each from Regions 10 and 11)
Submission of the following additional information from the hen feeding study:
[sbull] Results of analysis (to be conducted) of the fat and meat (muscle) samples for residues of RH-141,518;
[sbull] Freezer storage stability data that covers the period of time these poultry fat and meat (muscle) samples have been maintained in storage;and,
[sbull] Revised tolerances and tolerance expression (to include RH 141,518) for these matrices, if warranted.
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-
Conclusion
Therefore, tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide in or on almond, hulls; artichoke, globe; cattle, fat; corn, field, grain; corn, field, forage; corn, field, stover; corn, oil; corn, aspirated grain fractions; corn, sweet (K + CWHR); corn, sweet, forage; corn, sweet, stover; fruit, stone, group (except plum, fresh prune); goat, fat; grape; horse, fat; lime, Spanish; longan; lychee; milk; nut, tree, group; pistachio; plum (fresh prune); poultry, fat; poultry, meat; pulasan; raisin; rambutan; sheep, fat; vegetable, fruiting (except cucurbits), group; vegetable, leafy (except Brassica), leafy greens subgroup; vegetable, leafy (except Brassica), leaf petioles subgroup; vegetable, leafy, Brassica (cole), head and stem subgroup; vegetable, leafy, Brassica (cole), greens subgroup at 25.0, 3.0, 0.50,0.05, 15.0, 125.0, 0.20, 2.0, 0.05, 30.0, 60.0, 3.0, 0.50, 1.0,0.50, 2.0,2.0, 2.0 0.10, 0.10,0.10,0.30, 0.02, 0.02, 2.0, 1.5, 2.0, 0.5, 2.0, 30.0, 25.0, 7.0 and 30.0 part per million (ppm) respectively and for the combined residues of methoxyfenozide and its glucuronide metabolite in or on cattle,
[[Page 59202]]
liver; cattle, meat byproducts (except liver); eggs; goat, liver; goat meat byproducts (except liver); horse, liver; horse, meat byproducts (except liver); poultry, liver; poultry, meat byproducts (except liver); sheep, liver; and sheep, meat byproducts (except liver) at 0.40, 0.10, 0.02, 0.40, 0.10, 0.40, 0.10, 0.10, 0.02, 0.40 and 0.10 part per million (ppm) respectively. These petitions also requested that 40 CFR 180.544 be amended by establishing time limited tolerances for the indirect or inadvertent residues for methoxyfenozide in or on vegetable, bulb, group; vegetable, root and tuber, group; and vegetable, root and tuber, leaves, group when present therein as a result of the application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops at 0.20, 0.10 and 0.20 part per million (ppm) respectively and time limited indirect or inadvertent combined residues for methoxyfenozide and its metabolites RH-117,236 free phenol of methoxyfenozide; 3,5- dimethylbenzoic acid N-tert-butyl-N'-(3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl) hydrazide, RH-151,055 glucose conjugate of RH-117,236; 3,5- dimethylbenzoicacid N-tert-butyl-N-
[3([] -D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2- methylbenzoyl]-hydrazide and RH-152,072 the malonylglycosyl conjugate of RH 117,236 in or on animal feed, non-grass (forage, fodder, straw, hay), group; grain, cereal, forage, fodder, and straw, group; grass, forage, fodder, and hay, group; herbs and spices, group; vegetable, legume, group; and vegetable, legume, foliage, group when present therein as a result of the application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops at 10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 0.10 and 10.0 part per million (ppm) respectively.
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Objections and Hearing Requests
Under section 408(g) of the FFDCA, as amended by the FQPA, any person may file an objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those objections. The EPA procedural regulations which govern the submission of objections and requests for hearings appear in 40 CFR part 178. Although the procedures in those regulations require some modification to reflect the amendments made to the FFDCA by the FQPA of 1996, EPA will continue to use those procedures, with appropriate adjustments, until the necessary modifications can be made. The new section 408(g) provides essentially the same process for persons to ``object'' to a regulation for an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance issued by EPA under new section 408(d), as was provided in the old FFDCA sections 408 and 409. However, the period for filing objections is now 60 days, rather than 30 days.
-
What Do I Need to Do to File an Objection or Request a Hearing?
You must file your objection or request a hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in this unit and in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify docket ID number OPP-2002-0219 in the subject line on the first page of your submission. All requests must be in writing, and must be mailed or delivered to the Hearing Clerk on or before November 19, 2002.
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Filing the request. Your objection must specify the specific provisions in the regulation that you object to, and the grounds for the objections (40 CFR 178.25). If a hearing is requested, the objections must include a statement of the factual issues(s) on which a hearing is requested, the requestor's contentions on such issues, and a summary of any evidence relied upon by the objector (40 CFR 178.27). Information submitted in connection with an objection or hearing request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of that information as CBI. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. A copy of the information that does not contain CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public record. Information not marked confidential may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.
Mail your written request to: Office of the Hearing Clerk (1900C), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. You may also deliver your written request to the Office of the Hearing Clerk in Rm. 104, Crystal Mall 2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA. The Office of the Hearing Clerk is open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Office of the Hearing Clerk is (703) 603-0061.
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Tolerance fee payment. If you file an objection or request a hearing, you must also pay the fee prescribed by 40 CFR 180.33(i) or request a waiver of that fee pursuant to 40 CFR 180.33(m). You must mail the fee to: EPA Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch, Office of Pesticide Programs, P.O. Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251. Please identify the fee submission by labeling it ``Tolerance Petition Fees.''
EPA is authorized to waive any fee requirement ``when in the judgement of the Administrator such a waiver or refund is equitable and not contrary to the purpose of this subsection.'' For additional information regarding the waiver of these fees, you may contact James Tompkins by phone at (703) 305-5697, by e-mail at tompkins.jim@epa.gov, or by mailing a request for information to Mr. Tompkins at Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
If you would like to request a waiver of the tolerance objection fees, you must mail your request for such a waiver to: James Hollins, Information Resources and Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
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Copies for the Docket. In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as described in Unit VI.A., you should also send a copy of your request to the PIRIB for its inclusion in the official record that is described in Unit I.B.2. Mail your copies, identified by docket ID number OPP-2002-0219, to: Public Information and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. In person or by courier, bring a copy to the location of the PIRIB described in Unit I.B.2. You may also send an electronic copy of your request via e-mail to: opp-docket@epa.gov. Please use an ASCII file format and avoid the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Copies of electronic objections and hearing requests will also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 6.1/8.0 or ASCII file format. Do not include any CBI in your electronic copy. You may also submit an electronic copy of your request at many Federal Depository Libraries.
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-
When Will the Agency Grant a Request for a Hearing?
A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator determines that the material submitted shows the following: There is a genuine and substantial issue of fact;there is a reasonable possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would, if established resolve one or more of such issues in favor of the requestor, taking into account uncontested claims or facts to the contrary;and resolution of the factual issues(s) in the manner sought by the requestor would be adequate to justify the action requested (40 CFR 178.32).
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-
Regulatory Assessment Requirements
This final rule establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d) in response to a petition submitted to the
[[Page 59203]]
Agency. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this rule has been exempted from review under Executive Order 12866 due to its lack of significance, this rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001). This final rule does not contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., or impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 104-4). Nor does it require any special considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994); or OMB review or any Agency action under Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks(62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This action does not involve any technical standards that would require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note). Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. In addition, the Agency has determined that this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). Executive Order 13132 requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the Executive order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.'' This final rule directly regulates growers, food processors, food handlers and food retailers, not States. This action does not alter the relationships or distribution of power and responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). For these same reasons, the Agency has determined that this rule does not have any ``tribal implications'' as described in Executive Order 13175, entitled Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000). Executive Order 13175, requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies that have tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal implications'' is defined in the Executive order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.'' This rule will not have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this rule.
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Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. This final rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: September 16, 2002. Peter Caulkins, Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:
PART 180--[AMENDED]
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The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346(a) and 371.
-
Section 180.544 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 180.544 Methoxyfenozide;tolerances for residues.
(a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide per se; benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-, 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) hydrazide in or on the following food commodities:
Parts per Commodity
million
Almond, hulls..............................................
25 Apple, wet pomace..........................................
7.0 Artichoke, globe...........................................
3.0 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup..........................
7.0 Brassica, leafy greens, subgroup...........................
30 Cattle, fat................................................
0.50 Cattle, meat...............................................
0.02 Corn, field, forage........................................
15 Corn, field, grain.........................................
0.05 Corn, field, refined oil...................................
0.20 Corn, field, stover........................................
125 Corn, sweet, forage........................................
30 Corn, sweet, kernal plus cob with husks removed............
0.05 Corn, sweet, stover........................................
60 Cotton, gin byproducts.....................................
35 Cotton, undelinted seed....................................
2.0 Fruit, pome, group.........................................
1.5 Fruit, stone, group, except fresh prune plum...............
3.0 Goat, fat..................................................
0.50 Goat, meat.................................................
0.02 Grain, aspirated fractions.................................
2.0 Grape......................................................
1.0 Grape, raisin..............................................
1.5 Hog, fat...................................................
0.1 Hog, meat..................................................
0.02 Horse, fat.................................................
0.50 Horse, meat................................................
0.02 Leaf petioles subgroup.....................................
25 Leafy greens subgroup......................................
30 Longan.....................................................
2.0 Lychee.....................................................
2.0 Milk.......................................................
0.10 Nut, tree, group...........................................
0.10 Pistachio..................................................
0.10 Plum, prune, fresh.........................................
0.30 Poultry, fat...............................................
0.02 Poultry, meat..............................................
0.02
[[Page 59204]]
Pulasan....................................................
2.0 Rambutan...................................................
2.0 Sheep, fat.................................................
0.50 Sheep, meat................................................
0.02 Spanish lime...............................................
2.0 Vegetable, fruiting, group.................................
2.0
(2) For combined residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide; benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-, 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1- dimethylethyl) hydrazide and its glucuronide metabolite RH-141,518;
[beta] -D-Glucopyranuronic acid, 3-[2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-hydrazino]carbonyl-2-methylphenyl-] in the following commodities:
Parts per Commodity
million
Cattle, liver..............................................
0.40 Cattle, meat byproducts, except liver......................
0.10 Egg........................................................
0.02 Goat, liver................................................
0.40 Goat, meat byproducts, except liver........................
0.10 Hog, liver.................................................
0.1 Hog, meat byproducts, except liver.........................
0.02 Horse, liver...............................................
0.40 Horse, meat byproducts, except liver.......................
0.10 Poultry, liver.............................................
0.10 Poultry, meat byproducts, except liver.....................
0.02 Sheep, liver...............................................
0.40 Sheep, meat byproducts, except liver.......................
0.10
(b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. Time-limited tolerances are established for the residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide in connection with the use of the pesticide under section 18 emergency exemption granted by EPA. The tolerances will expire on the dates specified in the following tables.
Parts per Expiration/ Commodity
million revocation date
Corn, field, forage.....................
10
12/31/03 Corn, field, grain......................
0.0212/31/03 Corn, field, stover.....................
75
12/31/03 Corn, oil...............................
0.1
12/31/03 Soybean, aspirated grain fractions......
20
12/31/03 Soybean, forage.........................
10
12/31/03 Soybean, hay............................
75
12/31/03 Soybean, refined oil....................
1.0
12/31/03 Soybean, seed...........................
0.04
12/31/03
(c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
(d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. (1) Tolerances are established for the indirect or inadvertent residues of the insecticide methoxyfenozide per se; benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-, 2-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) hydrazide in or on the following raw agricultural commodities, when present therein as a result of the application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops as listed in paragraph (a) of this section:
Parts per Expiration/ Commodity
million Revocation Date
Vegetable, bulb, group..................
0.20
09/30/07 Vegetable, root and tuber, group........
0.10
09/30/07 Vegetable, leaves of root and tuber,
0.20
09/30/07 group..................................
(2)Tolerances are established for the indirect or inadvertent combined residues of methoxyfenozide; benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl- , 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) hydrazide and its metabolites RH-117,236 free phenol of methoxyfenozide; 3,5- dimethylbenzoic acid N-tert-butyl-N'-(3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl) hydrazide, RH-151,055 glucose conjugate of RH-117,236; 3,5-dimethyl benzoic acid N-tert-butyl-N-[3 ([beta]-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2- methylbenzoyl]-hydrazide and RH-152,072 the malonylglycosyl conjugate of RH 117,236 in or on the following raw agricultural commodities, when present therein as a result of the application of methoxyfenozide to growing crops as listed in paragraph (a) of this section:
Parts per Expiration/ Commodity
million Revocation Date
Animal feed, non-grass, group...........
10.0
09/30/07 Grain, cereal, forage, fodder and straw,
10.0
09/30/07 group.................................. Grass, forage, fodder, and hay, group...
10.0
09/30/07 Herb and spice, group...................
10.0
09/30/07 Vegetable, legume, group................
0.10
09/30/07 Vegetable, foliage of legume, group.....
10.0
09/30/07
[[Page 59205]]
[FR Doc. 02-23996Filed9-19-02;8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-S
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