Separate Parts In This Issue Part II National Credit Union Administration,
[Federal Register: April 15, 2003 (Volume 68, Number 72)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 18333-18438]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr15ap03-24]
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Part II
National Credit Union Administration
Organization and Operations of Federal Credit Unions; Final Rule
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NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION
Organization and Operations of Federal Credit Unions
AGENCY: National Credit Union Administration.
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: The NCUA Board is amending its chartering and field of membership manual to update chartering policies and streamline documentation. These final amendments are in response to NCUA's more than four years experience with existing chartering and field of membership policies.
DATES: This regulation is effective May 15, 2003.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael J. McKenna, Senior Staff Attorney, Office of General Counsel, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 or telephone (703) 518-6540; Regina Metz, Staff Attorney, Office of General Counsel, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 or telephone (703) 518-6540; Lynn K. Markgraf, Program Officer, Office of Examination and Insurance, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 or telephone (703) 518-6360.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: NCUA's current chartering and field of membership policy is set out in Interpretive Ruling and Policy Statement 99-1, Chartering and Field of Membership Policy (IRPS 99-1), as amended by IRPS 00-1 and IRPS 02-2. The policy is incorporated by reference in NCUA's regulations at 12 CFR 701.1. It is also published as NCUA's Chartering and Field of Membership Manual (Chartering Manual), which is the document most interested parties use and to which references in the following discussion are made.
In 1998, Congress updated the laws on field of membership with the passage of the Credit Union Membership Access Act (CUMAA). On December 17, 1998, in response to CUMAA, the NCUA Board issued a final rule on chartering and field of membership. 63 FR 73022, December 30, 1998. When the NCUA Board issued its final rule, it instructed NCUA's Field of Membership Taskforce to coordinate and monitor implementation of the new chartering policies and make necessary recommendations for policy clarifications and amendments to IRPS 99-1. Accordingly, recommendations were made, and final amendments to NCUA's chartering policy were issued by the NCUA Board in 2000 and again in 2002. 65 FR 64512, October 27, 2000; 67 FR 20013, April 24, 2002.
Over the past four years, NCUA's Field of Membership Taskforce has continued to monitor and review the implementation of the Chartering Manual and its amendments in an effort to improve consistency and provide a basis, if necessary, for further clarifications and modifications. In connection with this review, last year the NCUA Board issued a proposed rule, with a 60-day comment period, that comprehensively updated the agency's chartering policy. 67 FR 72444, December 5, 2002. The comment period ended on February 3, 2003.
Six hundred and seventy comments were received. Comments were received from 263 federal credit unions, 113 state-chartered credit unions, 131 Florida bankers and 69 other banks, 31 state credit union leagues or trade associations, and 4 national credit union trade associations, 32 credit union members, 14 state bank trade associations and 3 national bank trade associations, 2 members of Congress, 2 law firms, 1 insurance company, 2 credit union service organizations (CUSOs), 1 credit union contractor, 1 institute, and 1 shared service center.
Except for the banks and bank trade associations, most commenters were very supportive of the proposed chartering and field of membership policies, with some commenters suggesting ways they would improve the final rule. Many stated that they appreciated the added flexibility permitted under the proposal, and some addressed how the proposal would afford them the opportunity to diversify their membership and how this would result in decreased economic risk. Besides the bank commenters, four credit unions and the institute opposed the proposal. Two of these commenters believe it would harm small credit unions. After the following discussion of the proposed amendments, there is a separate section devoted to the comments received from the bankers and bank trade associations.
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Proposed Amendments
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Overlapping Fields of Membership Among Credit Unions
As stated in the proposal, the NCUA Board has found no empirical evidence to indicate that overlaps have an adverse impact on credit unions and believes overlaps should generally be permitted. Therefore, except for select group expansions for multiple group credit unions, the NCUA Board proposed to eliminate overlap protection and provide the option to all credit unions to remove any existing exclusionary clauses in its charter.
Under the Federal Credit Union Act (the Act), the agency must do an overlap analysis on select group expansions for multiple group credit unions so no significant changes were proposed in this area. 12 U.S.C 1759(f)(2)(D). On select group expansions, however, the NCUA Board stated that overlaps of groups of less than 3,000 should be classified as an incidental overlap and no overlap analysis should be required. The 3,000 threshold is taken directly from the CUMAA.
The NCUA Board also stated if two credit unions want to retain an exclusionary clause that is a business decision for them to make. If, however, one credit union wants the exclusionary clause removed, the NCUA Board stated the request should be approved and should be treated as a housekeeping amendment.
One hundred and twenty-two commenters supported this proposed change. Thirteen commenters opposed the change. They generally opposed this change because they believe it may harm small to mid-size credit unions that cannot compete with the rates and total range of services offered by the larger credit unions.
The NCUA Board is committed to the concept of consumer choice as reflected in CUMAA. NCUA has approved charter expansions that overlap other credit unions for decades, without any evidence that the overlap harms the overlapped credit union. Overlap protection can harm the credit union member by denying consumer choice. By adopting the proposed change, the agency's policy will accurately reflect today's marketplace, which provides many choices in financial services to the consumer. Therefore, the NCUA Board believes it is appropriate to eliminate the remaining overlap protections that still exist in the regulation to the extent permitted by statute. The NCUA Board does not believe this overlap policy will have an adverse impact on small credit unions. Accordingly, the NCUA Board is adopting the proposed change on overlaps in the final rule including the procedure on how to remove existing exclusionary clauses.
The NCUA Board is also eliminating a paperwork relic for credit unions that wish to expand their single occupational or associational common bond. Under the current rule, a single common bond credit union needs to obtain a letter from a group's sponsor indicating that the group wants to be added to the credit union's field of membership. The purpose of this requirement was so that NCUA could
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monitor overlaps. Since overlaps are now permitted for single common bond credit unions, this sponsor letter serves no safety and soundness or other policy purpose. A couple of commenters specifically addressed this issue and suggested the elimination of this requirement. Therefore, the NCUA Board is modifying the single common bond expansion procedure for both occupational and associational credit unions. Under the new procedure, a credit union need only state how the common bond is shared and how it will serve the expanded group. The requirement for a sponsor letter is eliminated.
The NCUA Board is also clarifying in the final rule that a single common bond credit union can merge into a multiple common bond credit union if the single common bond credit union is completely overlapped by the multiple common bond credit union. The NCUA Board believes that, if a multiple group credit union has a complete overlap of a single common bond credit union's field of membership, then the two credit unions should be allowed to merge without analyzing the group's ability to form its own credit union. This change is consistent with the new overlap policy as well as previous modifications to merger policy. Chapter 2, section IV.D.1.c is modified accordingly in the final rule.
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Reasonable Proximity and Service Facility for Select Group Expansions
Under CUMAA, if the formation of a separate credit union is not practicable or consistent with the standards in the Act, then a select group can be included in the ``field of membership of a credit union that is within reasonable proximity to the location of the group.'' 12 U.S.C. 1759(f)(1)(B). The Act does not define a service facility for the purpose of analyzing reasonable proximity. In the proposal, the NCUA Board defined a service facility for multiple group expansions as a place where shares are accepted for members' accounts, loan applications are accepted, or loans are disbursed.
In defining reasonable proximity, the NCUA Board has continually stated that the group to be added must be within the ``service area'' of a ``service facility'' of the credit union. After reviewing CUMAA and its legislative history again, the NCUA Board proposed a new definition of a service facility for the purpose of the reasonable proximity analysis. The NCUA Board proposed that a wholly-owned ATM or a shared service facility in which a credit union has an ownership interest constitutes a credit union for the purpose of the reasonable proximity analysis. Under the proposal, underserved areas still require a physical presence other than an ATM or shared service facility.
One hundred and thirty-four commenters agreed with the proposed change. Two commenters who supported expanding the definition of service facility also suggested eliminating the reasonable proximity requirement altogether. Eleven commenters did not agree with the use of an ATM for purposes of the reasonable proximity analysis. One of these commenters opposed the use of shared branch networks for the reasonable proximity analysis. Many of these commenters were concerned that such a definition would harm small credit unions.
Sixty-nine commenters supported the proposal, but recommended NCUA further expand the definition of service facility. Many of these commenters recommended that NCUA change ``wholly owned'' ATM to ``branded'' ATM and also include the web, telephone, and the United States mail as service facilities. A few of these commenters wrote that NCUA should also consider shared or network ATMs as service facilities.
The NCUA Board does not have the legal authority to eliminate the reasonable proximity requirement. The NCUA Board also believes an ownership interest is crucial in analyzing the reasonable proximity requirement for ATMs and shared service facilities. However, the NCUA Board is clarifying that services provided by an ATM are irrelevant to this analysis as long as it is wholly-owned by the credit union.
The NCUA Board believes that the proposed definition of a service facility for determining reasonable proximity is reasonable and is consistent with economic realities of the ``clicks and windows'' age. However, the NCUA Board is clarifying in the final rule that a service facility does not include a credit union's internet web site.
In response to some commenters, the NCUA Board is clarifying in the final rule that the requisite ownership interest can be in a shared service center, a shared service network, or similar organization. Therefore, as long as the credit union has an ownership interest in the service center, network, or similar organization, the credit union can expand around any of them. The credit union does not need to have an ownership interest in the specific service facility. This means, for example, that, if the credit union has an ownership interest in a CUSO, it can expand around any service center connected to the CUSO. This also would allow a participating credit union with an ownership interest in the service facility to expand around other service facilities connected to the shared service network or similar organization.
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Associational Common Bond
The Chartering Manual defines what constitutes an associational common bond. Under the current definition the group must: (1) Hold meetings open to all members; (2) sponsor other activities which demonstrate that the members of the group meet to accomplish the objectives of the association; and (3) have an authoritative definition of who is eligible for membership. Other factors were also considered by the agency. The NCUA Board proposed that the three mandatory requirements be eliminated and merged into the list of factors to be considered by the agency. Under the proposal, a consideration of the totality of circumstances would determine whether an associational common bond exists. The NCUA Board also explicitly stated in the proposal that national associations in their entirety qualify for credit union service if the headquarters are within reasonable proximity to the credit union.
One hundred and seven commenters supported the proposed change. Four commenters opposed the proposal. The NCUA Board believes, for the reasons provided in the proposal, that a totality of the circumstances analysis is appropriate in determining an associational common bond and is adopting that approach in the final rule.
Eight commenters specifically approved of the clarification on national associations. Four commenters did not agree with the clarification. In response to concerns raised by some commenters, the NCUA Board is clarifying that current policy already permits a multiple group credit union to add national associations to its field of membership as long as the national association headquarters are within reasonable proximity to the credit union. If a multiple group credit union wishes to add just a chapter of the national association, the office of the chapter must be in reasonable proximity to the credit union. If a credit union is chartered to serve a single association, there is no reasonable proximity requirement. Therefore, the proposed clarification is adopted in the final rule.
The NCUA Board wants to reiterate that associations that are primarily based on client-customer relationships do not qualify as an associational common bond. Finally, the NCUA Board is making some technical wording changes in this section to eliminate possible ambiguities.
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Occupational Common Bond
The NCUA Board has previously determined that an occupational common bond can also include designations based on employment in a trade, industry or profession (TIP), but because of operational concerns chose not to implement a TIP policy. Having addressed these concerns, the NCUA Board proposed a new definition of occupational common bond based on a TIP.
This type of common bond can include employment at any number of corporations or other legal entities that, while not under common ownership, share a common bond by virtue of producing similar products, providing similar services, sharing the same profession or trade, or participating in the same industry. The common bond of a TIP credit union is not based on a relationship with a single employer, but rather, on the commonality of interests or characteristics of those groups comprising the TIP. Individuals in those groups will share or participate in the same purpose, interest, or endeavor as a result of their employment. If persons in different groups possess common interests that are reasonably tied to a common endeavor or purpose, then the groups can be combined to form a single field of membership and, thus, a single common bond credit union. This commonality of interest constitutes a common bond of trade, industry or profession and meets the statutory requirement of ``one group that has a common bond of occupation.'' 12 U.S.C. 1759(a)(1).
In the proposal, the NCUA Board stated that, while there is some latitude in defining trade, industry, or profession, the group must have a close nexus. Furthermore, the NCUA Board stated that a TIP must be narrowly defined and in most cases, will contain a geographic limitation. The geographic limitation will generally correspond to the credit union's current or planned service area. The NCUA Board limited the TIP to single common bond credit unions and proposed allowing any credit union to convert to a TIP single occupational credit union. Upon such a conversion, the credit union could retain its members of record.
One hundred and seventy commenters supported the TIP proposal. A few commenters who supported the proposal believe that a diverse field of membership should reduce sponsor risk and risk to the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. A few commenters expressed concern with how TIP will be implemented. Four commenters opposed the TIP concept because they believe it would hurt small credit unions.
Many commenters provided examples of different TIPs, ranging from an educational TIP to a petroleum TIP. Some of the commenters believed that the general thrust of occupational chartering based upon TIP should be more ``horizontal'' than ``vertical.'' That is, they viewed the TIP proposal as focusing on only some members of a trade or industry, as opposed to everyone working in the same trade or industry. The NCUA Board does not believe that these terms provide a meaningful or relevant distinction and is not using them in the Chartering Manual. In the proposal, the NCUA Board was simply illustrating who could become a member depended on whether the credit union had a professional TIP or an industry TIP. Again, if the TIP is the healthcare industry, everyone working at a hospital would be included in the TIP. If the credit union has a nurses TIP, then only nurses could be served. This is a clear and important distinction. A TIP can be ``vertical'' or ``horizontal,'' but it is critical that a credit union understand which type of occupational common bond it is choosing.
In a similar vein, some commenters asked why a credit union could not serve clerical staff if a TIP is based on a single profession, for example, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs). The answer is that a TIP credit union based on profession or trade can only serve members of the same profession or trade. An engineer TIP can only serve engineers; a teachers TIP can only serve teachers. This is one of the fundamental criteria of a TIP. However, if a TIP is based on an industry, such as healthcare, the credit union can serve physicians, nurses, and administrative staff. Therefore, as stated above, how the TIP is characterized, whether by profession or industry, will be critical in determining who the credit union can serve. If the credit union wants to serve CPAs, it should request a CPA TIP. If the credit union wants to include administrative staff, then it should request a TIP based on the accounting industry.
A few commenters support applying TIP only to single common bond credit unions. Thirty-one commenters recommended applying TIP to multiple common bond credit unions. The NCUA Board believes that a narrow approach is appropriate at this time because expansion of the TIP policy would raise additional operational issues. For this reason, the NCUA Board is limiting this type of occupational common bond to a single common bond credit union.
The NCUA Board stated in the proposal that a credit union converting to a TIP will usually have a geographic limitation that comports with its current or planned service area. Nine commenters opposed a geographic limitation on the TIP occupational common bond. A few commenters requested broad geographic options. A few commenters noted that, for a credit union already serving members nationwide, there should be no geographic limitation. The NCUA Board believes that, initially, a general geographic limitation is necessary for a successful implementation of the TIP policy. However, after considering the commenters' suggestions, the NCUA Board also believes a credit union having a national field of membership or operating in multiple states may request a TIP with no geographic restriction. Accordingly, the NCUA Board has clarified the Chartering Manual to include this concept.
The NCUA Board continues to believe that another fundamental criterion of a TIP common bond is that the group must have a close nexus and a commonality of interests. Because of this requirement, a TIP cannot include third-party vendors and other suppliers and contractors. In this regard, some TIPs might be more limiting than the traditional definition of an occupational common bond. An automobile TIP may include all workers manufacturing automobiles but may not include the steel suppliers or other component suppliers. A healthcare TIP may include all hospital personnel but may not include employees of unaffiliated retail pharmacies. Furthermore, a TIP common bond charter can be similar to, but distinguishable from, a common bond based on a single corporation or employer.
For example, all Army personnel would qualify as a single common bond employer group or TIP, but all nurses would only qualify as a TIP.
One commenter requested that a company that has one large, predominant industry and some smaller industries still be allowed to be included in a single industrial common bond. The NCUA Board believes such a company would not have the close nexus and commonality of interest required of a TIP occupational common bond based on industry. However, this same company could qualify for a traditional single employer occupational common bond.
A few commenters requested information about the scope of the TIP business plan. One commenter also
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asked how a credit union will verify an individual as a TIP member. When a credit union is chartered or converts to a TIP it must submit a business plan that addresses how it will serve the TIP and how it will verify an individual is part of that TIP. Verification may include a state license, payroll statements, or any other documentation indicating that an individual is a member of the specified TIP. Some commenters have asked that retirees and corporate accounts be included in a TIP field of membership. The NCUA Board sees no impediment to such a change and has modified the final rule to allow retirees for all TIPs and corporate accounts for industry TIPs.
The NCUA Board requested comment on whether the final rule should contain a preapproved list of TIPs. A few commenters recommended that the final rule should not contain a preapproved list of TIPs. A few commenters supported an initial listing of NCUA preapproved TIPS, if it did not limit possible TIPs. A few commenters suggested other governmental sources a credit union could review to develop a TIP.
The NCUA Board believes that a list of preapproved TIPs would not prove very useful to most credit unions. Instead, the NCUA Board prefers that the agency approve TIPs, on a case-by-case basis, to ensure consistency among the reasons, address operational issues and to ensure the legal underpinnings of the policy are met. The NCUA Board encourages credit unions to review the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Standard Occupational Classification System (SOCS) and the U.S. Census Bureau's North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) for guidance in developing a TIP. Although the information contained in the SOCS and NAICS is neither controlling nor binding on NCUA, the systems do contain some useful information for credit unions considering converting to a TIP occupational common bond.
Finally, the NCUA Board is clarifying that if, for safety and soundness reasons, a TIP credit union needs to convert back to its original field of membership, it can obtain the field of membership it had before the conversion. Such a conversion would need to be approved by the regional director. After the conversion, a credit union could continue to serve members of record of the TIP.
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Economic Advisability and the Process for Select Group Expansions of Less than 3,000
Economic advisability is critically important both in the chartering process and in the addition of select groups to a multiple common bond credit union. NCUA's responsibility is to ensure that a new credit union has a reasonable likelihood of succeeding in today's financial marketplace.
Based on the historical experience since the promulgation of IRPS 99-1, plus other chartering data since 1990, the NCUA Board proposed to raise the expedited processing threshold for adding groups from 500 to less than 3,000. In conjunction with this proposal, the NCUA Board also proposed raising the number of members in a group requiring an overlap analysis from 500 to less than 3,000.
One hundred and thirty-three commenters supported the proposed change. One commenter requested no economic ability analysis or overlap analysis be conducted on groups of 3,000 or more either. A few commenters opposed the change and some of these commenters stated they believed that it would hurt small credit unions.
The NCUA Board is adopting the proposed amendment in the final rule. NCUA will continue to perform an economic advisability analysis and overlap analysis for a group of 3,000 or more. NCUA's experience supports the view that a primary potential membership of less than 3,000 will rarely be economically advisable. In fact, 3,000 is the same threshold at or above which Congress requires the agency to look at the group more closely to determine if it can form its own credit union. The final rule merely makes consistent the application of the statutory 3,000 figure as the break point for mandatory analysis of a group that chooses to affiliate with an existing credit union, rather than charter its own credit union. In some circumstances, a smaller number of potential members may be economically advisable, and such groups, if they express the desire to form a separate credit union, will be given that opportunity. However, as always, the group's desire and initiative to form a credit union are critical factors in evaluating economic advisability.
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Community Charters
Over the years, the NCUA Board has approved numerous conversions of credit unions to community charters. The NCUA Board proposed three different definitions of what constitutes a local community. These definitions were based on the Board's experience and authority under the Act to determine what constitutes a local community for purposes of a federal community charter.
First, the NCUA Board proposed that any city, county, or smaller political jurisdiction, regardless of population size, meets the definition of a local community. The NCUA Board stated that this is an irrebuttable presumption, regardless of population size, and that no documentation demonstrating that the political jurisdiction is a community would be required.
Second, the NCUA Board proposed that any area that is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), or its equivalent, or a portion thereof, where the population of the MSA or its equivalent does not exceed one million, may meet the definition of a local community. The NCUA Board stated that, if the proposed community meets the MSA criteria and population limits, the credit union must submit a letter describing how the area meets the standards for community interaction and/or common interests.
Third, the NCUA Board proposed increasing the presumption of a local community from 200,000 residents to 500,000 residents for multiple political jurisdictions that are not part of a single MSA. The NCUA Board stated that, if the credit union meets this criterion, the credit union must submit a letter describing how the area meets the standards for community interaction and/or common interests.
One hundred and eighty-one commenters supported the new definitions of a local community and the changes to the community section. Seven commenters requested a more expansive definition of a local community. Four commenters did not support the proposal and believe the definition of local community will hurt small credit unions.
The NCUA Board is adopting the proposed definition of a local community in the final rule. As stated in the proposal, this definition of local community comports with the general experience of this Board in determining what constitutes a local community charter.
The NCUA Board clarified in the proposed rule that a community charter can apply to convert to serve a different community area. A couple of commenters specifically approved of the proposal. The NCUA Board is adopting this provision in the final rule without change.
The NCUA Board clarified in the proposal that persons or organizations that regularly do business in a community can be included in a community credit union's charter. A couple of commenters specifically approved of this clarification. The NCUA Board is adopting this clarification in the final rule and is
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providing an example in the final rule to demonstrate that a community charter can serve individuals and organizations that regularly conduct business in the community.
Twenty-two commenters requested that, if a credit union converts to a community charter, all groups outside the community boundary should continue to be served by the community credit union. The NCUA Board believes that such an interpretation is not permitted under CUMAA. However, as stated in this rule, and previous NCUA rules, groups obtained through an emergency merger or emergency purchase and assumption can continue to be served by the new community credit union.
One commenter believes credit unions should be able to serve multiple, noncontiguous communities, and another commenter believes NCUA should not restrict a credit union to a single charter type, but should permit credit unions to be hybrids of different charter types. Unfortunately, the Act does not specifically permit hybrid charters and does not generally permit a credit union to serve multiple noncontiguous communities. However, there are some exceptions to this rule, involving emergency mergers, underserved areas and the grandfathering of certain fields of memberships.
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Common Bond Conversions
In the current Chartering Manual, the sections on federal charter conversions for occupational common bond credit unions, associational common bond credit unions, and multiple group common bond credit unions all contain a general three-year prohibition on converting to another type of charter, except to a community charter. This prohibition was originally established for operational and administrative reasons. The NCUA Board proposed the elimination of this prohibition since it unduly limits the flexibility needed for federal credit unions to serve their members and make well-reasoned business decisions.
Fifty-nine commenters specifically supported the proposal. One commenter specifically opposed the change. The NCUA Board has not been provided any compelling rationale to retain this prohibition so it is deleting this requirement and adopting the proposal in the final rule.
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Charter Conversions
The NCUA Board clarified in the proposed rule that, if a State charter wants to convert to Federal charter and had previously obtained a group or area through a procedure similar to NCUA's emergency merger provision, it can retain that field of membership when it converts to a Federal charter. Sixty-four commenters specifically supported this clarification. Two commenters specifically opposed it because of possible abuse.
The NCUA Board is adopting in the final rule the clarification that a State charter that converts to a Federal charter may retain any groups obtained through a State's emergency field of membership provision. Any subsequent expansions or amendments to the field of membership of the Federal charter must comply with Federal field of membership policies. The NCUA Board does not believe that adoption of this clarification will lead to any abuse because most State emergency provisions are not broader than those for Federal charters.
The NCUA Board requested comment on whether there was a compelling rationale to permit any type of State charters to retain their State fields of membership when converting to Federal charters. The NCUA Board also requested comment on other ways to streamline the procedure for converting from a State charter to Federal charter. Several commenters support streamlining the conversion process. Nine commenters requested that State charters converting to Federal charters should be able to retain all groups in their current fields of membership. Although some of these commenters provided good business reasons for adopting such a policy, no commenter provided a compelling justification for such a policy change. The NCUA Board will continue to review this issue in the future to determine if a change in policy is appropriate.
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The Appeal Process
The NCUA Board proposed a change to the appeal process. The NCUA Board clarified that, if a credit union seeks a second reconsideration of an application, and it is still not approved by the region, it will be treated as an appeal and sent to the NCUA Board for a decision. Furthermore, Chapter Three of the Chartering Manual on underserved areas does not have a separate appeals section, so the NCUA Board proposed adding an appeal provision to this section.
Fifty commenters specifically supported the changes to the appeal process and only one commenter opposed it. The NCUA Board is adopting the proposed changes to the appeals process, with minor modifications, including the addition of an appeal process for underserved areas.
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Miscellaneous Clarifications
The NCUA Board proposed three other amendments to conform to other proposals made by the NCUA Board or to clarify existing policy. First, the NCUA Board proposed a change to chapter 1, section XII to permit foreign branching by Federal credit unions. Any existing or proposed branches on United States military installations or United States embassies are unaffected by this change.
The few commenters that addressed the issue supported the proposed amendment. The NCUA Board is adopting this proposal in the final rule.
Second, the NCUA Board clarified how corporate accounts can be cited in a credit union's charter by adding them to the list of groups in ``Other Persons Eligible for Credit Union Membership.'' Forty-three commenters supported the clarification and the NCUA Board is adopting this clarification in the final rule.
Third, the NCUA Board clarified that in a spin-off all members of the group to be spun off, regardless of how they voted, will be transferred if the spin-off is approved by the voting membership. Forty-three commenters supported the clarification. The NCUA Board believes that this treatment of members in a spin-off is consistent with CUMAA and is adopting this clarification in the final rule.
A couple of commenters recommended NCUA review its investment area definition; specifically, the definition of empowerment zones or enterprise communities used to add underserved areas. Before a Federal credit union can expand its field of membership to serve an underserved area, the area must, among other things, be classified as an investment area under section 103(16) of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions (CDFI) Act of 1994 (the CDFI Act), 12 U.S.C. 4703(16). The CDFI Act permits the U.S. Department of the Treasury's CDFI Fund to further define investment area.
NCUA has reviewed its investment area definition in response to these commenters and also because the CDFI Fund recently issued an interim final rule, revising its program, including its own investment area definition. 68 FR 5704, February 4, 2003 (to be codified at 12 CFR part 1805). The CDFI Fund has deleted the following criteria from its definition:
[sbull] An area where the percentage of occupied distressed housing (as indicated by lack of complete plumbing and occupancy of more than one person per room) is at least 20 percent;
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[sbull] An area located outside of a Metropolitan Area with a county population loss between the most recent decennial census and the previous decennial census of at least 10 percent; and
[sbull] An area located outside of a Metropolitan Area with a county net migration loss (out-migration minus in-migration) over the 5-year period preceding the most recent decennial census of at least 5 percent.
The CDFI Fund also modified its section on empowerment zones and enterprise communities in its investment area definition. The definition now includes an area that wholly consists of or is wholly located within an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community designated under section 1391 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 26 U.S.C. 1391.
With the release of the 2000 Census data as well as the new definitions of an investment area, the NCUA Board has also updated its definition of an investment area in chapter 3 of the Chartering Manual. The NCUA Board does not expect these revisions to have any measurable impact on bringing credit union service to underserved areas. In general, the NCUA Board acknowledges that the three eliminated criteria were either redundant or not accurate measures of economic distress. The NCUA Board believes that the changes will have no adverse effect on geographic areas qualifying as investment areas. Therefore, the final investment area definition is revised to conform to the CDFI Fund's new definition.
A couple of commenters asked for the agency to abolish the requirement of a sponsor letter from a select group that a multiple common bond credit union wants to add to its field of membership. The NCUA Board believes, at this time, the sponsor letter for multiple group expansions is beneficial for credit unions because it demonstrates the desire of the group. The Board is not deleting the requirement but the NCUA Board will continue to monitor the usefulness of requiring the letter.
Finally, the NCUA Board proposed some technical wording changes to all of the chapters in the Chartering Manual and updated the Appendices. The final rule includes additional changes to the forms in Appendix D to make them easier to understand and use. These changes are not substantive.
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Comments From Banks and Bank Trade Organizations
Bank and bank trade organization commenters objected to the proposal and argued that Federal credit unions should be subject to taxation like banks. In general, these commenters opposed all 10 categories in the proposal listed above. Specifically, the commenters argued that the NCUA Board's proposal does not adhere to CUMAA, including the definitions of ``local'' and ``common bond,'' and objected to: The proposals to use MSAs to define local communities; defining a service facility as including ATMs; the concept of the TIP occupational common bond; and the change to the standard clause to include corporate and other business sponsors.
The NCUA Board has considered all issues raised by these commenters and has previously addressed the major issues in this preamble since other commenters discussed the same provisions. As to the question of taxation, it is a statutory issue, not a regulatory issue. Most recently Congress addressed this issue in CUMAA at section 2.(4), which states that ``[c]redit unions, unlike many other participants in the financial services market, are exempt from Federal and most State taxes * * *''.
Finally, as in the past, some of the commenters from banking organizations stated that the proposed regulation does nothing to encourage the formation of separate credit unions to serve groups of fewer than 3,000 persons. The NCUA Board strongly disagrees with this comment. In fact, the NCUA Board's policy is that any group that can meet the economic advisability requirements should form its own credit union. The NCUA Board has simply established criteria that provide guidance based on historical experience relative to those groups that may have the best opportunity to succeed. Every effort will be made to encourage new charters, but operational feasibility and requirements are valid factors and cannot be ignored in the decision making process. Nothing in this rule prevents a group with less than 3,000 from applying to charter its own credit union. In fact, NCUA has put in place an Express Chartering Program to help small but viable groups in chartering a credit union.
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Internet Expansion Requests
The Field of Membership Taskforce has developed an internet, select group expansion form. This process allows credit unions to submit requests for occupational groups of less than 3,000 online with an expedited approval by NCUA. The Field of Membership Taskforce is in the process of developing a form to allow associational groups of less than 3,000 to be approved by NCUA online. The regional offices can provide credit unions with specific details on how to do an expansion through the internet.
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Regulatory Procedures
Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires NCUA to prepare an analysis to describe any significant economic impact a regulation may have on a substantial number of small credit unions, primarily those under one million dollars in assets. The final rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small credit unions and, therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.
Paperwork Reduction Act
The Office of Management and Budget control number assigned to Sec. 701.1 is 3133-0015, and to forms included in Appendix D is 3133- 0116. NCUA has determined that the final rule will not increase paperwork requirements and a paperwork reduction analysis is not required.
Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132 encourages independent regulatory agencies to consider the impact of their actions on state and local interests. In adherence to fundamental federalism principles, NCUA, an independent regulatory agency as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5), voluntarily complies with the executive order. The final rule will not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the connection between the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. NCUA has determined that the final rule does not constitute a policy that has federalism implications for purposes of the executive order.
The Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999-- Assessment of Federal Regulations and Policies on Families
The NCUA has determined that the final rule would not affect family well-being within the meaning of section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act of 1999, Pub. L. 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681 (1998).
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121) provides generally for congressional review of agency rules. A reporting requirement is triggered in instances where NCUA issues a final
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rule as defined by section 551 of the Administrative Procedures Act. 5 U.S.C. 551. The Office of Management and Budget has determined that this is not a major rule.
List of Subjects in 12 CFR Part 701
Credit, Credit unions, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
By the National Credit Union Administration Board on March 27, 2003. Becky Baker, Secretary of the Board.
0 Accordingly, NCUA amends 12 CFR part 701 as follows:
PART 701--ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS
0 1. The authority citation for part 701 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 12 U.S.C. 1752(5), 1755, 1756, 1757, 1759, 1761a, 1761b, 1766, 1767, 1782, 1784, 1787, 1789.
Section 701.6 is also authorized by 15 U.S.C. 3717.
Section 701.31 is also authorized by 15 U.S.C. 1601, et seq., 42 U.S.C. 1981 and 3601-3610.
Section 701.35 is also authorized by 12 U.S.C. 4311-4312.
0 2. Section 701.1 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 701.1 Federal credit union chartering, field of membership modifications, and conversions.
National Credit Union Administration policies concerning chartering, field of membership modifications, and conversions are set forth in Interpretive Ruling and Policy Statement 03-1, Chartering and Field of Membership Policy (IRPS 03-1). Copies may be obtained by contacting NCUA at the addresses found in Sec. 790.2(c) of this chapter.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 3133-0015.)
Note: The text of the Interpretive Ruling and Policy Statement (IRPS 03-1) does not appear in the Code of Federal Regulations.
0 3. IRPS 03-1 is added to read as follows:
Chapter 1--Federal Credit Union Chartering
I--Goals of NCUA Chartering Policy
The National Credit Union Administration's (NCUA) chartering and field of membership policies are directed toward achieving the following goals:
[sbull] To encourage the formation of credit unions;
[sbull] To uphold the provisions of the Federal Credit Union Act;
[sbull] To promote thrift and credit extension;
[sbull] To promote credit union safety and soundness; and
[sbull] To make quality credit union service available to all eligible persons.
NCUA may grant a charter to single occupational/associational groups, multiple groups, or communities if:
[sbull] The occupational, associational, or multiple groups possess an appropriate common bond or the community represents a well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district;
[sbull] The subscribers are of good character and are fit to represent the proposed credit union; and
[sbull] The establishment of the credit union is economically advisable.
Generally, these are the primary criteria that NCUA will consider. In unusual circumstances, however, NCUA may examine other factors, such as other federal law or public policy, in deciding if a charter should be approved.
Unless otherwise noted, the policies outlined in this manual apply only to federal credit unions.
II--Types of Charters
The Federal Credit Union Act recognizes three types of federal credit union charters--single common bond (occupational and associational), multiple common bond (more than one group each having a common bond of occupation or association), and community.
The requirements that must be met to charter a federal credit union are described in Chapter 2. Special rules for credit unions serving low-income groups are described in Chapter 3.
If a federal credit union charter is granted, Section 5 of the charter will describe the credit union's field of membership, which defines those persons and entities eligible for membership. Generally, federal credit unions are only able to grant loans and provide services to persons within the field of membership who have become members of the credit union.
III--Subscribers
Federal credit unions are generally organized by persons who volunteer their time and resources and are responsible for determining the interest, commitment, and economic advisability of forming a federal credit union. The organization of a successful federal credit union takes considerable planning and dedication.
Persons interested in organizing a federal credit union should contact one of the credit union trade associations or the NCUA regional office serving the state in which the credit union will be organized. Lists of NCUA offices and credit union trade associations are shown in the appendices. NCUA will provide information to groups interested in pursuing a federal charter and will assist them in contacting an organizer.
While anyone may organize a credit union, a person with training and experience in chartering new federal credit unions is generally the most effective organizer. However, extensive involvement by the group desiring credit union service is essential.
The functions of the organizer are to provide direction, guidance, and advice on the chartering process. The organizer also provides the group with information about a credit union's functions and purpose as well as technical assistance in preparing and submitting the charter application. Close communication and cooperation between the organizer and the proposed members are critical to the chartering process.
The Federal Credit Union Act requires that seven or more natural persons--the ``subscribers''--present to NCUA for approval a sworn organization certificate stating at a minimum:
[sbull] The name of the proposed federal credit union;
[sbull] The location of the proposed federal credit union and the territory in which it will operate;
[sbull] The names and addresses of the subscribers to the certificate and the number of shares subscribed by each;
[sbull] The initial par value of the shares;
[sbull] The detailed proposed field of membership; and
[sbull] The fact that the certificate is made to enable such persons to avail themselves of the advantages of the Federal Credit Union Act.
False statements on any of the required documentation filed in obtaining a federal credit union charter may be grounds for federal criminal prosecution.
IV--Economic Advisability
IV.A--General
Before chartering a federal credit union, NCUA must be satisfied that the institution will be viable and that it will provide needed services to its members. Economic advisability, which is a determination that a potential charter will have a reasonable opportunity to succeed, is essential in order to qualify for a credit union charter.
NCUA will conduct an independent on-site investigation of each charter application to ensure that the proposed credit union can be successful. In
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general, the success of any credit union depends on: (a) The character and fitness of management; (b) the depth of the members' support; and (c) present and projected market conditions.
IV.B--Proposed Management's Character and Fitness
The Federal Credit Union Act requires NCUA to ensure that the subscribers are of good ``general character and fitness.'' Prospective officials and employees will be the subject of credit and background investigations. The investigation report must demonstrate each applicant's ability to effectively handle financial matters. Employees and officials should also be competent, experienced, honest and of good character. Factors that may lead to disapproval of a prospective official or employee include criminal convictions, indictments, and acts of fraud and dishonesty. Further, factors such as serious or unresolved past due credit obligations and bankruptcies disclosed during credit checks may disqualify an individual.
NCUA also needs reasonable assurance that the management team will have the requisite skills--particularly in leadership and accounting-- and the commitment to dedicate the time and effort needed to make the proposed federal credit union a success.
Section 701.14 of NCUA's Rules and Regulations sets forth the procedures for NCUA approval of officials of newly chartered credit unions. If the application of a prospective official or employee to serve is not acceptable to the regional director, the group can propose an alternate to act in that individual's place. If the charter applicant feels it is essential that the disqualified individual be retained, the individual may appeal the regional director's decision to the NCUA Board. If an appeal is pursued, action on the application may be delayed. If the appeal is denied by the NCUA Board, an acceptable new applicant must be provided before the charter can be approved.
IV.C--Member Support
Economic advisability is a major factor in determining whether the credit union will be chartered. An important consideration is the degree of support from the field of membership. The charter applicant must be able to demonstrate that membership support is sufficient to ensure viability.
NCUA has not set a minimum field of membership size for chartering a federal credit union. Consequently, groups of any size may apply for a credit union charter and be approved if they demonstrate economic advisability. However, it is important to note that often the size of the group is indicative of the potential for success. For that reason, a charter application with fewer than 3,000 primary potential members (e.g., employees of a corporation or members of an association) may not be economically advisable. Therefore, a charter applicant with a proposed field of membership of fewer than 3,000 primary potential members may have to provide more support than an applicant with a larger field of membership. For example, a small occupational or associational group may be required to demonstrate a commitment for long-term support from the sponsor.
IV.D--Present and Future Market Conditions--Business Plan
The ability to provide effective service to members, compete in the marketplace, and to adapt to changing market conditions are key to the survival of any enterprise. Before NCUA will charter a credit union, a business plan based on realistic and supportable projections and assumptions must be submitted.
The business plan should contain, at a minimum, the following elements:
[sbull] Mission statement;
[sbull] Analysis of market conditions, including if applicable, geographic, demographic, employment, income, housing, and other economic data;
[sbull] Evidence of member support;
[sbull] Goals for shares, loans, and for number of members;
[sbull] Financial services needed/desired;
[sbull] Financial services to be provided to members of all segments within the field of membership;
[sbull] How/when services are to be implemented;
[sbull] Organizational/management plan addressing qualification and planned training of officials/employees;
[sbull] Continuity plan for directors, committee members and management staff;
[sbull] Operating facilities, to include office space/equipment and supplies, safeguarding of assets, insurance coverage, etc.;
[sbull] Type of record keeping and data processing system;
[sbull] Detailed semiannual pro forma financial statements (balance sheet, income and expense projections) for 1st and 2nd year, including assumptions--e.g., loan and dividend rates;
[sbull] Plans for operating independently;
[sbull] Written policies (shares, lending, investments, funds management, capital accumulation, dividends, collections, etc.);
[sbull] Source of funds to pay expenses during initial months of operation, including any subsidies, assistance, etc., and terms or conditions of such resources; and
[sbull] Evidence of sponsor commitment (or other source of support) if subsidies are critical to success of the federal credit union. Evidence may be in the form of letters, contracts, financial statements from the sponsor, and any other such document on which the proposed federal credit union can substantiate its projections.
While the business plan may be prepared with outside assistance, the subscribers and proposed officials must understand and support the submitted business plan.
V--Steps in Organizing a Federal Credit Union
V.A--Getting Started
Following the guidance contained throughout this policy, the organizers should submit wording for the proposed field of membership (the persons, organizations and other legal entities the credit union will serve) to NCUA early in the application process for written preliminary approval. The proposed field of membership must meet all common bond or community requirements.
Once the field of membership has been given preliminary approval, and the organizer is satisfied the application has merit, the organizer should conduct an organizational meeting to elect seven to ten persons to serve as subscribers. The subscribers should locate willing individuals capable of serving on the board of directors, credit committee, supervisory committee, and as chief operating officer/ manager of the proposed credit union.
Subsequent organizational meetings may be held to discuss the progress of the charter investigation, to announce the proposed slate of officials, and to respond to any questions posed at these meetings.
If NCUA approves the charter application, the subscribers, as their final duty, will elect the board of directors of the proposed federal credit union. The new board of directors will then appoint the supervisory committee.
V.B--Charter Application Documentation
V.B.1--General
As discussed previously in this Chapter, the organizer of a federal credit union charter must, at a minimum, provide evidence that:
[sbull] The group(s) possess an appropriate common bond or the geographical area to be served is a well-defined local
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community, neighborhood, or rural district;
[sbull] The subscribers, prospective officials, and employees are of good character and fitness; and
[sbull] The establishment of the credit union is economically advisable.
As part of the application process, the organizer must submit the following forms, which are available in Appendix D of this Manual:
[sbull] Federal Credit Union Investigation Report, NCUA 4001;
[sbull] Organization Certificate, NCUA 4008;
[sbull] Report of Official and Agreement to Serve, NCUA 4012;
[sbull] Application and Agreements for Insurance of Accounts, NCUA 9500; and
[sbull] Certification of Resolutions, NCUA 9501.
Each of these forms is described in more detail in the following sections. V.B.2--Federal Credit Union Investigation Report, NCUA 4001
The application for a new federal credit union will be submitted on NCUA 4001. State-chartered credit unions applying for conversion to a federal charter will use NCUA 4000. (See Chapter 4 for a full discussion.) The organizer is required to certify the information and recommend approval or disapproval, based on the investigation of the request. V.B.3--Organization Certificate, NCUA 4008
This document, which must be completed by the subscribers, includes the seven criteria established by the Federal Credit Union Act. NCUA staff assigned to the case will assist in the proper completion of this document. V.B.4--Report of Official and Agreement to Serve, NCUA 4012
This form documents general background information of each official and employee of the proposed federal credit union. Each official and employee must complete and sign this form. The organizer must review each of the NCUA 4012s for elements that would prevent the prospective official or employee from serving. Further, such factors as serious, unresolved past due credit obligations and bankruptcies disclosed during credit checks may disqualify an individual. V.B.5--Application and Agreements for Insurance of Accounts, NCUA 9500
This document contains the agreements with which federal credit unions must comply in order to obtain National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) coverage of member accounts. The document must be completed and signed by both the chief executive officer and chief financial officer. A federal credit union must qualify for federal share insurance. V.B.6--Certification of Resolutions, NCUA 9501
This document certifies that the board of directors of the proposed federal credit union has resolved to apply for NCUSIF insurance of member accounts and has authorized the chief executive officer and recording officer to execute the Application and Agreements for Insurance of Accounts. Both the chief executive officer and recording officer of the proposed federal credit union must sign this form.
VI--Name Selection
It is the responsibility of the federal credit union organizers or officials of an existing credit union to ensure that the proposed federal credit union name or federal credit union name change does not constitute an infringement on the name of any corporation in its trade area. This responsibility also includes researching any service marks or trademarks used by any other corporation (including credit unions) in its trade area. NCUA will ensure, to the extent possible, that the credit union's name:
[sbull] Is not already being officially used by another federal credit union;
[sbull] Will not be confused with NCUA or another federal or state agency, or with another credit union; and
[sbull] Does not include misleading or inappropriate language.
The last three words in the name of every credit union chartered by NCUA must be ``Federal Credit Union.''
The word ``community,'' while not required, can only be included in the name of federal credit unions that have been granted a community charter.
VII--NCUA Review
VII.A--General
Once NCUA receives a complete charter application package, an acknowledgment of receipt will be sent to the organizer. At some point during the review process, a staff member will be assigned to perform an on-site contact with the proposed officials and others having an interest in the proposed federal credit union.
NCUA staff will review the application package and verify its accuracy and reasonableness. A staff member will inquire into the financial management experience and the suitability and commitment of the proposed officials and employees, and will make an assessment of economic advisability. The staff member will also provide guidance to the subscribers in the proper completion of the Organization Certificate, NCUA 4008.
Credit and background investigations may be conducted concurrently by NCUA with other work being performed by the organizer and subscribers to reduce the likelihood of delays in the chartering process.
The staff member will analyze the prospective credit union's business plan for realistic projections, attainable goals, adequate service to all segments of the field of membership, sufficient start-up capital, and time commitment by the proposed officials and employees. Any concerns will be reviewed with the organizer and discussed with the prospective credit union's officials. Additional on-site contacts by NCUA staff may be necessary. The organizer and subscribers will be expected to take the steps necessary to resolve any issues or concerns. Such resolution efforts may delay processing the application.
NCUA staff will then make a recommendation to the regional director regarding the charter application. The recommendation may include specific provisions to be included in a Letter of Understanding and Agreement. In most cases, NCUA will require the prospective officials to adhere to certain operational guidelines. Generally, the agreement is for a limited term of two to four years. A sample Letter of Understanding and Agreement is found in Appendix B.
VII.B--Regional Director Approval
Once approved, the board of directors of the newly formed federal credit union will receive a signed charter and standard bylaws from the regional director. Additionally, the officials will be advised of the name of the examiner assigned responsibility for supervising and examining the credit union.
VII.C--Regional Director Disapproval
When a regional director disapproves any charter application, in whole or in part, the organizer will be informed in writing of the specific reasons for the disapproval. Where applicable, the regional director will provide information concerning options or suggestions that the applicant could consider for gaining approval or otherwise acquiring credit union service. The letter of denial will include the procedures for appealing the decision.
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VII.D--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If the regional director denies a charter application, in whole or in part, that decision may be appealed to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial and must address the specific reasons for denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal with a recommendation to the NCUA Board.
Before appealing, the prospective group may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. A reconsideration will contain new and material evidence addressing the reasons for the initial denial. The regional director will have 30 days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the request is again denied, the applicant may proceed with the appeal process within 60 days of the date of the last denial. A second request for reconsideration will be treated as an appeal to the NCUA Board.
VII.E--Commencement of Operations
Assistance in commencing operations is generally available through the various credit union trade organizations listed in Appendix E.
All new federal credit unions are also encouraged to establish a mentor relationship with a knowledgeable, experienced credit union individual or an existing, well-operated credit union. The mentor should provide guidance and assistance to the new credit union through attendance at meetings and general oversight. Upon request, NCUA will provide assistance in finding a qualified mentor.
VIII--Future Supervision
Each federal credit union will be examined regularly by NCUA to determine that it remains in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and to determine that it does not pose undue risk to the NCUSIF. The examiner will contact the credit union officials shortly after approval of the charter in order to arrange for the initial examination (usually within the first six months of operation).
The examiner will be responsible for monitoring the progress of the credit union and providing the necessary advice and guidance to ensure it is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The examiner will also monitor compliance with the terms of any required Letter of Understanding and Agreement. Typically, the examiner will require the credit union to submit copies of monthly board minutes and financial statements.
The Federal Credit Union Act requires all newly chartered credit unions, up to two years after the charter anniversary date, to obtain NCUA approval prior to appointment of any new board member, credit or supervisory committee member, or senior executive officer. Section 701.14 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations sets forth the notice and application requirements. If NCUA issues a Notice of Disapproval, the newly chartered credit union is prohibited from making the change.
NCUA may disapprove an individual serving as a director, committee member or senior executive officer if it finds that the competence, experience, character, or integrity of the individual indicates it would not be in the best interests of the members of the credit union or of the public to permit the individual to be employed by or associated with the credit union. If a Notice of Disapproval is issued, the credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board.
IX--Corporate Federal Credit Unions
A corporate federal credit union is one that is operated primarily for the purpose of serving other credit unions. Corporate federal credit unions operate under and are administered by the NCUA Office of Corporate Credit Unions.
X--Groups Seeking Credit Union Service
NCUA will attempt to assist any group in chartering a credit union or joining an existing credit union. If the group is not eligible for federal credit union service, NCUA will refer the group to the appropriate state supervisory authority where different requirements may apply.
XI--Field of Membership Designations
NCUA will designate a credit union based on the following criteria:
Single Occupational: If a credit union serves a single occupational sponsor, such as ABC Corporation, it will be designated as an occupational credit union. A single occupational common bond credit union may also serve a trade, industry, or profession (TIP), such as all teachers.
Single Associational: If a credit union serves a single associational sponsor, such as the Knights of Columbus, it will be designated as an associational credit union.
Multiple Common Bond: If a credit union serves more than one group, each of which has a common bond of occupation and/or association, it will be designated as a multiple common bond credit union.
Community: All community credit unions will be designated as such, followed by a description of their geographic boundaries (e.g. city or county).
Credit unions desiring to confirm or submit an application to change their designations should contact the appropriate NCUA regional office.
XII--Foreign Branching
Federal credit unions are permitted to serve foreign nationals within their fields of membership wherever they reside provided they have the ability, resources, and management expertise to serve such persons. Before a credit union opens a branch outside the United States, it must submit an application to do so and have prior written approval of the regional director. A federal credit union may establish a service facility on a United States military installation or United States embassy without prior NCUA approval.
Chapter 2--Field of Membership Requirements for Federal Credit Unions
I--Introduction
I.A.1--General
As set forth in Chapter 1, the Federal Credit Union Act provides for three types of federal credit union charters--single common bond (occupational or associational), multiple common bond (multiple groups), and community. Section 109 (12 U.S.C. 1759) of the Federal Credit Union Act sets forth the membership criteria for each of these three types of credit unions.
The field of membership, which is specified in Section 5 of the charter, defines those persons and entities eligible for membership. A single common bond federal credit union consists of one group having a common bond of occupation or association. A multiple common bond federal credit union consists of more than one group, each of which has a common bond of occupation or association. A community federal credit union consists of persons or organizations within a well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district.
Once chartered, a federal credit union can amend its field of membership; however, the same common bond or community requirements for chartering the credit union must be satisfied. Since there are differences in the three types of charters, special rules, which are
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fully discussed in the following sections of this Chapter, may apply to each. I.A.2--Special Low-Income Rules
Generally, federal credit unions can only grant loans and provide services to persons who have joined the credit union. The Federal Credit Union Act states that one of the purposes of federal credit unions is ``to serve the productive and provident credit needs of individuals of modest means.'' Although field of membership requirements are applicable, special rules set forth in Chapter 3 may apply to low-income designated credit unions and those credit unions assisting low-income groups or to a federal credit union that adds an underserved community to its field of membership.
II--Occupational Common Bond
II.A.1--General
A single occupational common bond federal credit union may include in its field of membership all persons and entities who share that common bond. NCUA permits a person's membership eligibility in a single occupational common bond group to be established in five ways:
[sbull] Employment (or a long-term contractual relationship equivalent to employment) in a single corporation or other legal entity makes that person part of a single occupational common bond;
[sbull] Employment in a corporation or other legal entity with a controlling ownership interest (which shall not be less than 10 percent) in or by another legal entity makes that person part of a single occupational common bond;
[sbull] Employment in a corporation or other legal entity which is related to another legal entity (such as a company under contract and possessing a strong dependency relationship with another company) makes that person part of a single occupational common bond;
[sbull] Employment or attendance at a school makes that person part of a single occupational common bond (see Chapter 2, Section III.A.1); or
[sbull] Employment in the same Trade, Industry, or Profession (TIP) (see Chapter 2, Section II.A.2).
A geographic limitation is not a requirement for a single occupational common bond. However, for purposes of describing the field of membership, the geographic areas being served may be included in the charter. For example:
[sbull] Employees, officials, and persons who work regularly under contract in Miami, Florida for ABC Corporation and subsidiaries;
[sbull] Employees of ABC Corporation who are paid from * * *;
[sbull] Employees of ABC Corporation who are supervised from * * *;
[sbull] Employees of ABC Corporation who are headquartered in * * *; and/or
[sbull] Employees of ABC Corporation who work in the United States.
The corporation or other legal entity (i.e., the employer) may also be included in the common bond--e.g., ``ABC Corporation.'' The corporation or legal entity will be defined in the last clause in Section 5 of the credit union's charter.
A charter applicant must provide documentation to establish that the single occupational common bond requirement has been met.
Some examples of single occupational common bonds are:
[sbull] Employees of the Hunt Manufacturing Company who work in West Chester, Pennsylvania. (common bond--same employer with geographic definition);
[sbull] Employees of the Buffalo Manufacturing Company who work in the United States. (common bond--same employer with geographic definition);
[sbull] Employees, elected and appointed officials of municipal government in Parma, Ohio. (common bond--same employer with geographic definition);
[sbull] Employees of Johnson Soap Company and its majority owned subsidiary, Johnson Toothpaste Company, who work in, are paid from, are supervised from, or are headquartered in Augusta and Portland, Maine. (common bond--parent and subsidiary company with geographic definition);
[sbull] Employees of MMLLJS contractor who work regularly at the U.S. Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington. (common bond--employees of contractors with geographic definition);
[sbull] Employees, doctors, medical staff, technicians, medical and nursing students who work in or are paid from the Newport Beach Medical Center, Newport Beach, California. (single corporation with geographic definition);
[sbull] Employees of JLS, Incorporated and MJM, Incorporated working for the LKM Joint Venture Company in Catalina Island, California. (common bond--same employer--ongoing dependent relationship);
[sbull] Employees of and students attending Georgetown University. (common bond--same occupation);
[sbull] Employees of all the schools supervised by the Timbrook Board of Education in Timbrook, Georgia. (common bond--same employer); or
[sbull] All licensed nurses in Fairfax County, Virginia. (occupational common bond TIP).
Some examples of insufficiently defined single occupational common bonds are:
[sbull] Employees of manufacturing firms in Seattle, Washington. (no defined occupational sponsor; overly broad TIP);
[sbull] Persons employed or working in Chicago, Illinois. (no occupational common bond); II.A.2--Trade, Industry, or Profession
A common bond based on employment in a trade, industry, or profession can include employment at any number of corporations or other legal entities that--while not under common ownership--have a common bond by virtue of producing similar products, providing similar services, or participating in the same type of business.
While proposed or existing single common bond credit unions have some latitude in defining a trade, industry, or profession occupational common bond, it cannot be defined so broadly as to include groups in fields which are not closely related. For example, the manufacturing industry, energy industry, communications industry, retail industry, or entertainment industry would not qualify as a TIP because each industry lacks the necessary commonality. However, textile workers, realtors, nurses, teachers, police officers, or U.S. military personnel are closely related and each would qualify as a TIP.
The common bond relationship must be one that demonstrates a narrow commonality of interests within a specific trade, industry, or profession. If a credit union wants to serve a physician TIP, it can serve all physicians, but that does not mean it can also serve all clerical staff in the physicians' offices. However, if the TIP is based on the health care industry, then clerical staff would be able to be served by the credit union because they work in the same industry and have the same commonality of interests.
If a credit union wants to include the airline services industry, it can serve airline and airport personnel but not passengers. Clients or customers of the TIP are not eligible for credit union membership (e.g., patients in hospitals).
Any company that is involved in more than one industry cannot be included in an industry TIP (e.g., a company that makes tobacco products, food products, and electronics). However, employees of these companies may be eligible for membership in a variety of trade/ profession occupational common bond TIPs.
Since a TIP must be narrowly defined, it cannot include third party vendors
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and other suppliers. For example, the steel suppliers to the automobile industry would not be part of the automobile industry TIP.
However, the automobile industry includes manufacturers and their automobile dealerships.
In general, except for credit unions currently serving a national field of membership or operating in multiple states, a geographic limitation is required for a TIP credit union. The geographic limitation will be part of the credit union's charter and generally correspond to its current or planned operational area. More than one federal credit union may serve the same trade, industry, or profession, even if both credit unions are in the same geographic location.
This type of occupational common bond is only available to single common bond credit unions. A TIP cannot be added to a multiple common bond or community field of membership.
To obtain a TIP designation, the proposed or existing credit union must submit a request to the regional director. New charter applicants must follow the documentation requirements in Chapter 1. New charter applicants and existing credit unions must submit a business plan on how the credit union will serve the group with the request to serve the TIP. The business plan also must address how the credit union will verify the TIP. Examples of such verification include state licenses, professional licenses, organizational memberships, pay statements, union membership, or employer certification. The regional director must approve this type of field of membership before a credit union can serve a TIP. Credit unions converting to a TIP can retain members of record but cannot add new members from its previous group or groups, unless it is part of the TIP.
Section II.B on Occupational Common Bond Amendments does not apply to a TIP common bond. Removing or changing a geographical limitation will be processed as a housekeeping amendment. If safety and soundness concerns are present, the regional director may require additional information before the request can be processed.
Section II.H, on Other Persons Eligible for Credit Union Membership, applies to TIP based credit unions except for the corporate account provision which only applies to industry based TIPs. Credit unions with industry based TIPs may include corporations as members because they have the same commonality of interests as all employees in the industry. For example, an airline service TIP (industry) can serve an airline carrier (corporate account); however, a nurses TIP (profession) could not serve a hospital (corporate account) because not everyone working in the hospital shares the same profession.
If a TIP designated credit union wishes to convert to a different TIP or employer-based occupational common bond, or different charter type, it only retains members of record after the conversion. The regional director, for safety and soundness reasons, may approve a TIP designated credit union to convert to its original field of membership.
II.B--Occupational Common Bond Amendments
II.B.1--General
Section 5 of every single occupational federal credit union's charter defines the field of membership the credit union can legally serve. Only those persons or legal entities specified in the field of membership can be served. There are a number of instances in which Section 5 must be amended by NCUA.
First, a group sharing the credit union's common bond is added to the field of membership. This may occur through various ways including agreement between the group and the credit union directly, or through a merger, corporate acquisition, purchase and assumption (P&A), or spin- off.
Second, if the entire field of membership is acquired by another corporation, the credit union can serve the employees of the new corporation and any subsidiaries after receiving NCUA approval.
Third, a federal credit union qualifies to change its common bond from:
[sbull] A single occupational common bond to a single associational common bond;
[sbull] A single occupational common bond to a community charter; or
[sbull] A single occupational common bond to a multiple common bond.
Fourth, a federal credit union removes a portion of the group from its field of membership through agreement with the group, a spin-off, or because a portion of the group is no longer in existence.
An existing single occupational common bond federal credit union that submits a request to amend its charter must provide documentation to establish that the occupational common bond requirement has been met. The regional director must approve all amendments to an occupational common bond credit union's field of membership. II.B.2--Corporate Restructuring
If the single common bond group that comprises a federal credit union's field of membership undergoes a substantial restructuring, the result is often that portions of the group are sold or spun off. This requires a change to the credit union's field of membership. NCUA will not permit a single common bond credit union to maintain in its field of membership a sold or spun-off group to which it has been providing service unless the group otherwise qualifies for membership in the credit union or the credit union converts to a multiple common bond credit union.
If the group comprising the single common bond of the credit union merges with, or is acquired by, another group, the credit union can serve the new group resulting from the merger or acquisition after receiving a housekeeping amendment. II.B.3--Economic Advisability
Prior to granting a common bond expansion, NCUA will examine the amendment's likely effect on the credit union's operations and financial condition. In most cases, the information needed for analyzing the effect of adding a particular group will be available to NCUA through the examination and financial and statistical reports; however, in particular cases, a regional director may require additional information prior to making a decision. II.B.4--Documentation Requirements
A federal credit union requesting a common bond expansion must submit an Application for Field of Membership Amendment (NCUA 4015-EZ) to the appropriate NCUA regional director. An authorized credit union representative must sign the request.
II.C--NCUA'S Procedures for Amending the Field of Membership
II.C.1--General
All requests for approval to amend a federal credit union's charter must be submitted to the appropriate regional director. II.C.2--Regional Director's Decision
NCUA staff will review all amendment requests in order to ensure compliance with NCUA policy.
Before acting on a proposed amendment, the regional director may require an on-site review. In addition, the regional director may, after taking into account the significance of the proposed field of membership amendment, require the applicant to
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submit a business plan addressing specific issues.
The financial and operational condition of the requesting credit union will be considered in every instance. NCUA will carefully consider the economic advisability of expanding the field of membership of a credit union with financial or operational problems.
In most cases, field of membership amendments will only be approved for credit unions that are operating satisfactorily. Generally, if a federal credit union is having difficulty providing service to its current membership, or is experiencing financial or other operational problems, it may have more difficulty serving an expanded field of membership.
Occasionally, however, an expanded field of membership may provide the basis for reversing current financial problems. In such cases, an amendment to expand the field of membership may be granted notwithstanding the credit union's financial or operational problems. The applicant credit union must clearly establish that the expanded field of membership is in the best interest of the members and will not increase the risk to the NCUSIF. II.C.3--Regional Director Approval
If the regional director approves the requested amendment, the credit union will be issued an amendment to Section 5 of its charter. II.C.4--Regional Director Disapproval
When a regional director disapproves any application, in whole or in part, to amend the field of membership under this chapter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] Options to consider, if appropriate, for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedure. II.C.5--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If a field of membership expansion request, merger, or spin-off is denied by the regional director, the federal credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial, and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. A reconsideration will contain new and material evidence addressing the reasons for the initial denial. The regional director will have 30 days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the request is again denied, the applicant may proceed with the appeal process within 60 days of the date of the last denial. A second request for reconsideration will be treated as an appeal to the NCUA Board.
II.D--Mergers, Purchase and Assumptions, and Spin-Offs
In general, other than the addition of common bond groups, there are three additional ways a federal credit union with a single occupational common bond can expand its field of membership:
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a common bond or emergency merger;
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a common bond or emergency purchase and assumption (P&A), or
[sbull] By taking a portion of another credit union's field of membership through a common bond spin-off. II.D.1--Mergers
Generally, the requirements applicable to field of membership expansions found in this chapter apply to mergers where the continuing credit union has a federal charter. That is, the two credit unions must share a common bond.
Where the merging credit union is state-chartered, the common bond rules applicable to a federal credit union apply.
Mergers must be approved by the NCUA regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union, and, as applicable, the state regulators.
If a single occupational credit union wants to merge into a multiple common bond or community credit union, Section IV.D or Section V.D of this Chapter, respectively, should be reviewed. II.D.2--Emergency Mergers
An emergency merger may be approved by NCUA without regard to common bond or other legal constraints. An emergency merger involves NCUA's direct intervention and approval. The credit union to be merged must either be insolvent or likely to become insolvent, and NCUA must determine that:
[sbull] An emergency requiring expeditious action exists;
[sbull] Other alternatives are not reasonably available; and
[sbull] The public interest would best be served by approving the merger.
If not corrected, conditions that could lead to insolvency include, but are not limited to:
[sbull] Abandonment by management;
[sbull] Loss of sponsor;
[sbull] Serious and persistent record keeping problems; or
[sbull] Serious and persistent operational concerns.
In an emergency merger situation, NCUA will take an active role in finding a suitable merger partner (continuing credit union). NCUA is primarily concerned that the continuing credit union has the financial strength and management expertise to absorb the troubled credit union without adversely affecting its own financial condition and stability.
As a stipulated condition to an emergency merger, the field of membership of the merging credit union may be transferred intact to the continuing federal credit union without regard to any common bond restrictions. Under this authority, therefore, a single occupational common bond federal credit union may take into its field of membership any dissimilar charter type.
The common bond characteristic of the continuing credit union in an emergency merger does not change. That is, even though the merging credit union is a multiple common bond or community, the continuing credit union will remain a single common bond credit union. Similarly, if the merging credit union is also an unlike single common bond, the continuing credit union will remain a single common bond credit union. Future common bond expansions will be based on the continuing credit union's original single common bond.
Emergency mergers involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. II.D.3--Purchase and Assumption (P&A)
Another alternative for acquiring the field of membership of a failing credit union is through a consolidation known as a P&A. A P&A has limited application because, in most cases, the failing credit union must be placed into involuntary liquidation. In the few instances where a P&A may be appropriate, the assuming
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federal credit union, as with emergency mergers, may acquire the entire field of membership if the emergency merger criteria are satisfied. However, if the P&A does not meet the emergency merger criteria, it must be processed under the common bond requirements.
In a P&A processed under the emergency criteria, specified loans, shares, and certain other designated assets and liabilities, without regard to common bond restrictions, may also be acquired without changing the character of the continuing federal credit union for purposes of future field of membership amendments.
If the purchased and/or assumed credit union's field of membership does not share a common bond with the purchasing and/or assuming credit union, then the continuing credit union's original common bond will be controlling for future common bond expansions.
P&As involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the purchased and/or assumed credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. II.D.4--Spin-Offs
A spin-off occurs when, by agreement of the parties, a portion of the field of membership, assets, liabilities, shares, and capital of a credit union are transferred to a new or existing credit union. A spin- off is unique in that usually one credit union has a field of membership expansion and the other loses a portion of its field of membership.
All common bond requirements apply regardless of whether the spun- off group becomes a new credit union or goes to an existing federal charter.
The request for approval of a spin-off must be supported with a plan that addresses, at a minimum:
[sbull] Why the spin-off is being requested;
[sbull] What part of the field of membership is to be spun off;
[sbull] Whether the affected credit unions have a common bond (applies only to single occupational credit unions);
[sbull] Which assets, liabilities, shares, and capital are to be transferred;
[sbull] The financial impact the spin-off will have on the affected credit unions;
[sbull] The ability of the acquiring credit union to effectively serve the new members;
[sbull] The proposed spin-off date; and
[sbull] Disclosure to the members of the requirements set forth above.
The spin-off request must also include current financial statements from the affected credit unions and the proposed voting ballot.
For federal credit unions spinning off a group, membership notice and voting requirements and procedures are the same as for mergers (see Part 708 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations), except that only the members directly affected by the spin-off--those whose shares are to be transferred--are permitted to vote. Members whose shares are not being transferred will not be afforded the opportunity to vote. All members of the group to be spun off (whether they voted in favor, against, or not at all) will be transferred if the spin-off is approved by the voting membership. Voting requirements for federally insured state credit unions are governed by state law.
Spin-offs involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by all regional directors where the credit unions are headquartered and the state regulators, as applicable. Spin-offs in the same region also require approval by the state regulator, as applicable.
II.E--Overlaps
II.E.1--General
An overlap exists when a group of persons is eligible for membership in two or more credit unions. NCUA will permit single occupational federal credit unions to overlap any other charter without performing an overlap analysis. II.E.2--Organizational Restructuring
A federal credit union's field of membership will always be governed by the common bond descriptions contained in Section 5 of its charter. Where a sponsor organization expands its operations internally, by acquisition or otherwise, the credit union may serve these new entrants to its field of membership if they are part of the common bond described in Section 5. NCUA will permit a complete overlap of the credit unions' fields of membership.
If a sponsor organization sells off a group, new members can no longer be served unless they otherwise qualify for membership in the credit union or it converts to a multiple common bond charter.
Credit unions must submit documentation explaining the restructuring and providing information regarding the new organizational structure. II.E.3--Exclusionary Clauses
An exclusionary clause is a limitation precluding the credit union from serving the primary members of a portion of a group otherwise included in its field of membership. NCUA no longer grants exclusionary clauses. Those granted prior to the adoption of this new chartering manual will remain in effect unless the credit unions agree to remove them or one of the affected credit unions submits a housekeeping amendment to have it removed.
II.F--Charter Conversion
A single occupational common bond federal credit union may apply to convert to a community charter provided the field of membership requirements of the community charter are met. Groups within the existing charter which cannot qualify in the new charter cannot be served except for members of record, or groups or communities obtained in an emergency merger or P&A. A credit union must notify all groups that will be removed from the field of membership as a result of conversion. Members of record can continue to be served. Also, in order to support a case for a conversion, the applicant federal credit union may be required to develop a detailed business plan as specified in Chapter 2, Section V.A.3.
A single occupational common bond federal credit union may apply to convert to a multiple common bond charter by adding a non-common bond group that is within a reasonable proximity of a service facility. Groups within the existing charter may be retained and continue to be served. However, future amendments, including any expansions of the original single common bond group, must be done in accordance with multiple common bond policy.
II.G--Removal of Groups From the Field of Membership
A credit union may request removal of a portion of the common bond group from its field of membership for various reasons. The most common reasons for this type of amendment are:
[sbull] The group is within the field of membership of two credit unions and one wishes to discontinue service;
[sbull] The federal credit union cannot continue to provide adequate service to the group;
[sbull] The group has ceased to exist;
[sbull] The group does not respond to repeated requests to contact the credit union or refuses to provide needed support; or
[sbull] The group initiates action to be removed from the field of membership.
When a federal credit union requests an amendment to remove a group from its field of membership, the regional director will determine why the credit union desires to remove the group. If the regional director concurs with the
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request, membership will continue for those who are already members under the ``once a member, always a member'' provision of the Federal Credit Union Act.
II.H--Other Persons Eligible for Credit Union Membership
A number of persons, by virtue of their close relationship to a common bond group, may be included, at the charter applicant's option, in the field of membership. These include the following:
[sbull] Spouses of persons who died while within the field of membership of this credit union;
[sbull] Employees of this credit union;
[sbull] Persons retired as pensioners or annuitants from the above employment;
[sbull] Volunteers;
[sbull] Members of the immediate family or household;
[sbull] Organizations of such persons; and
[sbull] Corporate or other legal entities in this charter.
Immediate family is defined as spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. This includes stepparents, stepchildren, stepsiblings, and adoptive relationships.
Household is defined as persons living in the same residence maintaining a single economic unit.
Membership eligibility is extended only to individuals who are members of an ``immediate family or household'' of a credit union member. It is not necessary for the primary member to join the credit union in order for the immediate family or household member of the primary member to join, provided the immediate family or household clause is included in the field of membership. However, it is necessary for the immediate family member or household member to first join in order for that person's immediate family member or household member to join the credit union. A credit union can adopt a more restrictive definition of immediate family or household.
Volunteers, by virtue of their close relationship with a sponsor group, may be included. Examples include volunteers working at a hospital or school.
Under the Federal Credit Union Act, once a person becomes a member of the credit union, such person may remain a member of the credit union until the person chooses to withdraw or is expelled from the membership of the credit union. This is commonly referred to as ``once a member, always a member.'' The ``once a member, always a member'' provision does not prevent a credit union from restricting services to members who are no longer within the field of membership.
III--Associational Common Bond
III.A.1--General
A single associational federal credit union may include in its field of membership, regardless of location, all members and employees of a recognized association. A single associational common bond consists of individuals (natural persons) and/or groups (non-natural persons) whose members participate in activities developing common loyalties, mutual benefits, and mutual interests. Separately chartered associational groups can establish a single common bond relationship if they are integrally related and share common goals and purposes. For example, two or more churches of the same denomination, Knights of Columbus Councils, or locals of the same union can qualify as a single associational common bond.
Individuals and groups eligible for membership in a single associational credit union can include the following:
[sbull] Natural person members of the association (for example, members of a union or church members);
[sbull] Non-natural person members of the association;
[sbull] Employees of the association (for example, employees of the labor union or employees of the church); and
[sbull] The association.
Generally, a single associational common bond does not include a geographic definition and can operate nationally. However, a proposed or existing federal credit union may limit its field of membership to a single association or geographic area. NCUA may impose a geographic limitation if it is determined that the applicant credit union does not have the ability to serve a larger group or there are other operational concerns. All single associational common bonds should include a definition of the group that may be served based on the association's charter, bylaws, and any other equivalent documentation.
The common bond for an associational group cannot be established simply on the basis that the association exists. In determining whether a group satisfies associational common bond requirements for a federal credit union charter, NCUA will consider the totality of the circumstances, which includes:
[sbull] Whether members pay dues;
[sbull] Whether members participate in the furtherance of the goals of the association;
[sbull] Whether the members have voting rights. To meet this requirement, members need not vote directly for an officer, but may vote for a delegate who in turn represents the members' interests;
[sbull] Whether the association maintains a membership list;
[sbull] Whether the association sponsors other activities;
[sbull] The association's membership eligibility requirements; and
[sbull] The frequency of meetings.
A support group whose members are continually changing or whose duration is temporary may not meet the single associational common bond criteria. Each class of member will be evaluated based on the totality of the circumstances. Individuals or honorary members who only make donations to the association are not eligible to join the credit union.
Educational groups--for example, parent-teacher organizations, alumni associations, and student organizations in any school--and church groups may constitute associational common bonds.
Student groups (e.g., students enrolled at a public, private, or parochial school) may constitute either an associational or occupational common bond. For example, students enrolled at a church sponsored school could share a single associational common bond with the members of that church and may qualify for a federal credit union charter. Similarly, students enrolled at a university, as a group by itself, or in conjunction with the faculty and employees of the school, could share a single occupational common bond and may qualify for a federal credit union charter.
The terminology ``Alumni of Jacksonville State University'' is insufficient to demonstrate an associational common bond. To qualify as an association, the alumni association must meet the requirements for an associational common bond. The alumni of a school must first join the alumni association, and not merely be alumni of the school to be eligible for membership.
Homeowner associations, tenant groups, consumer groups, and other groups of persons having an ``interest in'' a particular cause and certain consumer cooperatives may also qualify as an association.
Associations based primarily on a client-customer relationship do not meet associational common bond requirements. However, having an incidental client-customer relationship does not preclude an associational charter as long as the associational common bond requirements are met. For example, a fraternal association that offers insurance, which is not a
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condition of membership, may qualify as a valid associational common bond.
Applicants for a single associational common bond federal credit union charter or a field of membership amendment to include an association must provide, at the request of the regional director, a copy of the association's charter, bylaws, or other equivalent documentation, including any legal documents required by the state or other governing authority.
The associational sponsor itself may also be included in the field of membership--e.g., ``Sprocket Association''--and will be shown in the last clause of the field of membership. III.A.2--Subsequent Changes to Association's Bylaws
If the association's membership or geographical definitions in its charter and bylaws are changed subsequent to the effective date stated in the field of membership, the credit union must submit the revised charter or bylaws for NCUA's consideration and approval prior to serving members of the association added as a result of the change. III.A.3--Sample Single Associational Common Bonds
Some examples of associational common bonds are:
[sbull] Regular members of Locals 10 and 13, IBEW, in Florida, who qualify for membership in accordance with their charter and bylaws in effect on May 20, 2001;
[sbull] Members of the Hoosier Farm Bureau in Grant, Logan, or Lee Counties of Indiana, who qualify for membership in accordance with its charter and bylaws in effect on March 7, 1997;
[sbull] Members of the Shalom Congregation in Chevy Chase, Maryland;
[sbull] Regular members of the Corporate Executives Association, located in Westchester, New York, who qualify for membership in accordance with its charter and bylaws in effect on December 1, 1997;
[sbull] Members of the University of Wisconsin Alumni Association, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin;
[sbull] Members of the Marine Corps Reserve Officers Association; or
[sbull] Members of St. John's Methodist Church and St. Luke's Methodist Church, located in Toledo, Ohio.
Some examples of insufficiently defined single associational common bonds are:
[sbull] All Lutherans in the United States. (Too broadly defined); or
[sbull] Veterans of U.S. military service. (Group is too broadly defined; no formal association of all members of the group).
Some examples of unacceptable single associational common bonds are:
[sbull] Alumni of Amos University. (No formal association);
[sbull] Customers of Fleetwood Insurance Company. (Policyholders or primarily customer/client relationships do not meet associational standards);
[sbull] Employees of members of the Reston, Virginia Chamber of Commerce. (Not a sufficiently close tie to the associational common bond); or
[sbull] Members of St. John's Lutheran Church and St. Mary's Catholic Church located in Anniston, Alabama. (Churches are not of the same denomination).
III.B--Associational Common Bond Amendments
III.B.1--General
Section 5 of every associational federal credit union's charter defines the field of membership the credit union can legally serve. Only those persons who, or legal entities that, join the credit union and are specified in the field of membership can be served. There are three instances in which Section 5 must be amended by NCUA.
First, a group that shares the credit union's common bond is added to the field of membership. This may occur through various ways including agreement between the group and the credit union directly, or through a merger, purchase and assumption (P&A), or spin-off.
Second, a federal credit union qualifies to change its common bond from:
[sbull] A single associational common bond to a single occupational common bond;
[sbull] A single associational common bond to a community charter; or
[sbull] A single associational common bond to a multiple common bond.
Third, a federal credit union removes a portion of the group from its field of membership through agreement with the group, a spin-off, or a portion of the group is no longer in existence.
An existing single associational federal credit union that submits a request to amend its charter must provide documentation to establish that the associational common bond requirement has been met. The regional director must approve all amendments to an associational common bond credit union's field of membership. III.B.2--Organizational Restructuring
If the single common bond group that comprises a federal credit union's field of membership undergoes a substantial restructuring, the result is often that portions of the group are sold or spun off. This is an event requiring a change to the credit union's field of membership. NCUA may not permit a single associational credit union to maintain in its field of membership a sold or spun-off group to which it has been providing service unless the group otherwise qualifies for membership in the credit union or the credit union converts to a multiple common bond credit union.
If the group comprising the single common bond of the credit union merges with, or is acquired by, another group, the credit union can serve the new group resulting from the merger or acquisition after receiving a housekeeping amendment. III.B.3--Economic Advisability
Prior to granting a common bond expansion, NCUA will examine the amendment's likely impact on the credit union's operations and financial condition. In most cases, the information needed for analyzing the effect of adding a particular group will be available to NCUA through the examination and financial and statistical reports; however, in particular cases, a regional director may require additional information prior to making a decision. III.B.4--Documentation Requirements
A federal credit union requesting a common bond expansion must submit an Application for Field of Membership Amendment (NCUA 4015-EZ) to the appropriate NCUA regional director. An authorized credit union representative must sign the request.
III.C--NCUA Procedures for Amending the Field of Membership
III.C.1--General
All requests for approval to amend a federal credit union's charter must be submitted to the appropriate regional director. III.C.2--Regional Director's Decision
NCUA staff will review all amendment requests in order to ensure conformance to NCUA policy.
Before acting on a proposed amendment, the regional director may require an on-site review. In addition, the regional director may, after taking into account the significance of the proposed field of membership amendment, require the applicant to submit a business plan addressing specific issues.
The financial and operational condition of the requesting credit union will be considered in every instance. The economic advisability of expanding
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the field of membership of a credit union with financial or operational problems must be carefully considered.
In most cases, field of membership amendments will only be approved for credit unions that are operating satisfactorily. Generally, if a federal credit union is having difficulty providing service to its current membership, or is experiencing financial or other operational problems, it may have more difficulty serving an expanded field of membership.
Occasionally, however, an expanded field of membership may provide the basis for reversing current financial problems. In such cases, an amendment to expand the field of membership may be granted notwithstanding the credit union's financial or operational problems. The applicant credit union must clearly establish that the expanded field of membership is in the best interest of the members and will not increase the risk to the NCUSIF. III.C.3--Regional Director Approval
If the regional director approves the requested amendment, the credit union will be issued an amendment to Section 5 of its charter. III.C.4--Regional Director Disapproval
When a regional director disapproves any application, in whole or in part, to amend the field of membership under this chapter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] Options to consider, if appropriate, for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedures. III.C.5--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If a field of membership expansion request, merger, or spin-off is denied by the regional director, the federal credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the NCUA Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. A reconsideration will contain new and material evidence addressing the reasons for the initial denial. The regional director will have 30 days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the request is again denied, the applicant may proceed with the appeal process within 60 days of the date of the last denial. A second request for reconsideration will be treated as an appeal to the NCUA Board.
III.D--Mergers, Purchase and Assumptions, and Spin-offs
In general, other than the addition of common bond groups, there are three additional ways a federal credit union with a single associational common bond can expand its field of membership:
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a common bond or emergency merger;
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a common bond or emergency purchase and assumption (P&A); or
[sbull] By taking a portion of another credit union's field of membership through a common bond spin-off. III.D.1--Mergers
Generally, the requirements applicable to field of membership expansions found in this section apply to mergers where the continuing credit union is a federal charter. That is, the two credit unions must share a common bond.
Where the merging credit union is state-chartered, the common bond rules applicable to a federal credit union apply.
Mergers must be approved by the NCUA regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union, and, as applicable, the state regulators.
If a single associational credit union wants to merge into a multiple common bond or community credit union, Section IV.D or Section V.D of this Chapter, respectively, should be reviewed. III.D.2--Emergency Mergers
An emergency merger may be approved by NCUA without regard to common bond or other legal constraints. An emergency merger involves NCUA's direct intervention and approval. The credit union to be merged must either be insolvent or likely to become insolvent, and NCUA must determine that:
[sbull] An emergency requiring expeditious action exists;
[sbull] Other alternatives are not reasonably available; and
[sbull] The public interest would best be served by approving the merger.
If not corrected, conditions that could lead to insolvency include, but are not limited to:
[sbull] Abandonment by management;
[sbull] Loss of sponsor;
[sbull] Serious and persistent record keeping problems; or
[sbull] Serious and persistent operational concerns.
In an emergency merger situation, NCUA will take an active role in finding a suitable merger partner (continuing credit union). NCUA is primarily concerned that the continuing credit union has the financial strength and management expertise to absorb the troubled credit union without adversely affecting its own financial condition and stability.
As a stipulated condition to an emergency merger, the field of membership of the merging credit union may be transferred intact to the continuing federal credit union without regard to any common bond restrictions. Under this authority, therefore, a single associational common bond federal credit union may take into its field of membership any dissimilar charter type.
The common bond characteristic of the continuing credit union in an emergency merger does not change. That is, even though the merging credit union is a multiple common bond or community, the continuing credit union will remain a single common bond credit union. Similarly, if the merging credit union is an unlike single common bond, the continuing credit union will remain a single common bond credit union. Future common bond expansions will be based on the continuing credit union's single common bond.
Emergency mergers involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. III.D.3--Purchase and Assumption (P&A)
Another alternative for acquiring the field of membership of a failing credit union is through a consolidation known as a P&A. A P&A has limited application because, in most cases, the failing credit union must be placed into involuntary liquidation. In the few instances where a P&A may be appropriate, the assuming federal credit union, as with emergency mergers, may acquire the entire field of membership if the emergency merger criteria are satisfied. However, if the P&A does not meet the emergency
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merger criteria, it must be processed under the common bond requirements.
In a P&A processed under the emergency criteria, specified loans, shares, and certain other designated assets and liabilities, without regard to common bond restrictions, may also be acquired without changing the character of the continuing federal credit union for purposes of future field of membership amendments.
If the purchased and/or assumed credit union's field of membership does not share a common bond with the purchasing and/or assuming credit union, then the continuing credit union's original common bond will be controlling for future common bond expansions.
P&As involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the purchased and/or assumed credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. III.D.4--Spin-Offs
A spin-off occurs when, by agreement of the parties, a portion of the field of membership, assets, liabilities, shares, and capital of a credit union are transferred to a new or existing credit union. A spin- off is unique in that usually one credit union has a field of membership expansion and the other loses a portion of its field of membership.
All common bond requirements apply regardless of whether the spun- off group becomes a new credit union or goes to an existing federal charter.
The request for approval of a spin-off must be supported with a plan that addresses, at a minimum:
[sbull] Why the spin-off is being requested;
[sbull] What part of the field of membership is to be spun off;
[sbull] Whether the affected credit unions have the same common bond (applies only to single associational credit unions);
[sbull] Which assets, liabilities, shares, and capital are to be transferred;
[sbull] The financial impact the spin-off will have on the affected credit unions;
[sbull] The ability of the acquiring credit union to effectively serve the new members;
[sbull] The proposed spin-off date; and
[sbull] Disclosure to the members of the requirements set forth above.
The spin-off request must also include current financial statements from the affected credit unions and the proposed voting ballot.
For federal credit unions spinning off a group, membership notice and voting requirements and procedures are the same as for mergers (see Part 708 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations), except that only the members directly affected by the spin-off--those whose shares are to be transferred--are permitted to vote. Members whose shares are not being transferred will not be afforded the opportunity to vote. All members of the group to be spun off (whether they voted in favor, against, or not at all) will be transferred if the spin-off is approved by the voting membership. Voting requirements for federally insured state credit unions are governed by state law.
Spin-offs involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by all regional directors where the credit unions are headquartered and the state regulators, as applicable. Spin-offs in the same region also require approval by the state regulator, as applicable.
III.E--Overlaps
III.E.1--General
An overlap exists when a group of persons is eligible for membership in two or more credit unions. NCUA will permit single associational federal credit unions to overlap any other charters without performing an overlap analysis. III.E.2--Organizational Restructuring
A federal credit union's field of membership will always be governed by the common bond descriptions contained in Section 5 of its charter. Where a sponsor organization expands its operations internally, by acquisition or otherwise, the credit union may serve these new entrants to its field of membership if they are part of the common bond described in Section 5. NCUA will permit a complete overlap of the credit unions' fields of membership. If a sponsor organization sells off a group, new members can no longer be served unless they otherwise qualify for membership in the credit union or it converts to a multiple common bond.
Credit unions must submit documentation explaining the restructuring and providing information regarding the new organizational structure. III.E.3--Exclusionary Clauses
An exclusionary clause is a limitation precluding the credit union from serving the primary members of a portion of a group otherwise included in its field of membership. NCUA no longer grants exclusionary clauses. Those granted prior to the adoption of this new chartering manual will remain in effect unless the credit unions agree to remove them or one of the affected credit unions submits a housekeeping amendment to have it removed. III.F--Charter Conversions
A single associational common bond federal credit union may apply to convert to a community charter provided the field of membership requirements of the community charter are met. Groups within the existing charter which cannot qualify in the new charter cannot be served except for members of record, or groups or communities obtained in an emergency merger or P&A. A credit union must notify all groups that will be removed from the field of membership as a result of conversion. Members of record can continue to be served. Also, in order to support a case for a conversion, the applicant federal credit union may be required to develop a detailed business plan as specified in Chapter 2, Section V.A.3.
A single associational common bond federal credit union may apply to convert to a multiple common bond charter by adding a non-common bond group that is within a reasonable proximity of a service facility. Groups within the existing charter may be retained and continue to be served. However, future amendments, including any expansions of the original single common bond group, must be done in accordance with multiple common bond policy.
III.G--Removal of Groups From the Field of Membership
A credit union may request removal of a portion of the common bond group from its field of membership for various reasons. The most common reasons for this type of amendment are:
[sbull] The group is within the field of membership of two credit unions and one wishes to discontinue service;
[sbull] The federal credit union cannot continue to provide adequate service to the group;
[sbull] The group has ceased to exist;
[sbull] The group does not respond to repeated requests to contact the credit union or refuses to provide needed support; or
[sbull] The group initiates action to be removed from the field of membership.
When a federal credit union requests an amendment to remove a group from its field of membership, the regional director will determine why the credit union desires to remove the group. If the regional director concurs with the request, membership will continue for those who are already members under the ``once a member, always a member'' provision of the Federal Credit Union Act.
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III.H--Other Persons Eligible for Credit Union Membership
A number of persons by virtue of their close relationship to a common bond group may be included, at the charter applicant's option, in the field of membership. These include the following:
[sbull] Spouses of persons who died while within the field of membership of this credit union;
[sbull] Employees of this credit union;
[sbull] Volunteers;
[sbull] Members of the immediate family or household;
[sbull] Organizations of such persons; and
[sbull] Corporate or other legal entities in this charter.
Immediate family is defined as spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. This includes stepparents, stepchildren, stepsiblings, and adoptive relationships.
Household is defined as persons living in the same residence maintaining a single economic unit.
Membership eligibility is extended only to individuals who are members of an ``immediate family or household'' of a credit union member. It is not necessary for the primary member to join the credit union in order for the immediate family or household member of the primary member to join, provided the immediate family or household clause is included in the field of membership. However, it is necessary for the immediate family member or household member to first join in order for that person's immediate family member or household member to join the credit union. A credit union can adopt a more restrictive definition of immediate family or household.
Volunteers, by virtue of their close relationship with a sponsor group, may be included. One example is volunteers working at a church.
Under the Federal Credit Union Act, once a person becomes a member of the credit union, such person may remain a member of the credit union until the person chooses to withdraw or is expelled from the membership of the credit union. This is commonly referred to as ``once a member, always a member.'' The ``once a member, always a member'' provision does not prevent a credit union from restricting services to members who are no longer within the field of membership.
IV--Multiple Occupational/Associational Common Bonds
IV.A.1--General
A federal credit union may be chartered to serve a combination of distinct, definable single occupational and/or associational common bonds. This type of credit union is called a multiple common bond credit union. Each group in the field of membership must have its own occupational or associational common bond. For example, a multiple common bond credit union may include two unrelated employers, or two unrelated associations, or a combination of two or more employers or associations. Additionally, these groups must be within reasonable geographic proximity of the credit union. That is, the groups must be within the service area of one of the credit union's service facilities. These groups are referred to as select groups. A multiple common bond credit union cannot include a TIP or expand using single common bond criteria.
A federal credit union's service area is the area that can reasonably be served by the service facilities accessible to the groups within the field of membership. The service area will most often coincide with that geographic area primarily served by the service facility. Additionally, the groups served by the credit union must have access to the service facility. The non-availability of other credit union service is a factor to be considered in determining whether the group is within reasonable proximity of a credit union wishing to add the group to its field of membership.
A service facility for multiple common bond credit unions is defined as a place where shares are accepted for members' accounts, loan applications are accepted or loans are disbursed. This definition includes a credit union owned branch, a mobile branch, an office operated on a regularly scheduled weekly basis, a credit union owned ATM, or a credit union owned electronic facility that meets, at a minimum, these requirements. A service facility also includes a shared branch or a shared branch network if either: (1) The credit union has an ownership interest in the service facility either directly or through a CUSO or similar organization; or (2) the service facility is local to the credit union and the credit union is an authorized participant in the service center. This definition does not include the credit union's Internet website.
The select group as a whole will be considered to be within a credit union's service area when:
[sbull] A majority of the persons in a select group live, work, or gather regularly within the service area;
[sbull] The group's headquarters is located within the service area; or
[sbull] The group's ``paid from'' or ``supervised from'' location is within the service area. IV.A.2--Sample Multiple Common Bond Field of Membership
An example of a multiple common bond field of membership is:
``The field of membership of this federal credit union shall be limited to the following:
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Employees of Teltex Corporation who work in Wilmington, Delaware;
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Partners and employees of Smith & Jones, Attorneys at Law, who work in Wilmington, Delaware;
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Members of the M&L Association in Wilmington, Delaware, who qualify for membership in accordance with its charter and bylaws in effect on December 31, 1997.''
IV.B--Multiple Common Bond Amendments
IV.B.1--General
Section 5 of every multiple common bond federal credit union's charter defines the field of membership and select groups the credit union can legally serve. Only those persons or legal entities specified in the field of membership can be served. There are a number of instances in which Section 5 must be amended by NCUA.
First, a new select group is added to the field of membership. This may occur through agreement between the group and the credit union directly, or through a merger, corporate acquisition, purchase and assumption (P&A), or spin-off.
Second, a federal credit union qualifies to change its charter from:
[sbull] A single occupational or associational charter to a multiple common bond charter;
[sbull] A multiple common bond to a single occupational or associational charter;
[sbull] A multiple common bond to a community charter; or
[sbull] A community to a multiple common bond charter.
Third, a federal credit union removes a group from its field of membership through agreement with the group, a spin-off, or because the group no longer exists. IV.B.2--Numerical Limitation of Select Groups
An existing multiple common bond federal credit union that submits a request to amend its charter must provide documentation to establish that the multiple common bond requirements have been met. The regional director must approve all
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amendments to a multiple common bond credit union's field of membership.
NCUA will approve groups to a credit union's field of membership if the agency determines in writing that the following criteria are met:
[sbull] The credit union has not engaged in any unsafe or unsound practice, as determined by the regional director, which is material during the one year period preceding the filing to add the group;
[sbull] The credit union is ``adequately capitalized.'' NCUA defines adequately capitalized to mean the credit union has a net worth ratio of not less than 6 percent. For low-income credit unions or credit unions chartered less than ten years, the regional director may determine that a net worth ratio of less than 6 percent is adequate if the credit union is making reasonable progress toward meeting the 6 percent net worth requirement. For any other credit union, the regional director may determine that a net worth ratio of less than 6 percent is adequate if the credit union is making reasonable progress toward meeting the 6 percent net worth requirement, and the addition of the group would not adversely affect the credit union's capitalization level;
[sbull] The credit union has the administrative capability to serve the proposed group and the financial resources to meet the need for additional staff and assets to serve the new group;
[sbull] Any potential harm the expansion may have on any other credit union and its members is clearly outweighed by the probable beneficial effect of the expansion. With respect to a proposed expansion's effect on other credit unions, the requirements on overlapping fields of membership set forth in Section IV.E of this Chapter are also applicable; and
[sbull] If the formation of a separate credit union by such group is not practical and consistent with reasonable standards for the safe and sound operation of a credit union.
A detailed analysis is required for groups of 3,000 or more primary potential members requesting to be added to a multiple common bond credit union. It is incumbent upon the credit union to demonstrate that the formation of a separate credit union by such a group is not practical. The group must provide evidence that it lacks sufficient volunteer and other resources to support the efficient and effective operations of a credit union or does not meet the economic advisability criteria outlined in Chapter 1. If this can be demonstrated, the group may be added to a multiple common bond credit union's field of membership. IV.B.3--Documentation Requirements
A multiple common bond credit union requesting a select group expansion must submit a formal written request, using the Application for Field of Membership Amendment (NCUA 4015 or NCUA 4015-EZ) to the appropriate NCUA regional director. An authorized credit union representative must sign the request.
The NCUA 4015-EZ (for groups less than 3,000 potential members) must be accompanied by the following:
[sbull] A letter, or equivalent documentation, from the group requesting credit union service. This letter must indicate:
[sbull] That the group wants to be added to the applicant federal credit union's field of membership;
[sbull] The number of persons currently included within the group to be added and their locations; and
[sbull] The group's proximity to credit union's nearest service facility.
[sbull] The most recent copy of the group's charter and bylaws or equivalent documentation (for associational groups).
The NCUA 4015 (for groups of 3,000 or more primary potential members) must be accompanied by the following:
[sbull] A letter, or equivalent documentation, from the group requesting credit union service. This letter must indicate:
[sbull] That the group wants to be added to the federal credit union's field of membership;
[sbull] Whether the group presently has other credit union service available;
[sbull] The number of persons currently included within the group to be added and their locations;
[sbull] The group's proximity to credit union's nearest service facility, and
[sbull] Why the formation of a separate credit union for the group is not practical or consistent with safety and soundness standards. A credit union need not address every item on the list, simply those issues that are relevant to its particular request:
Member location--whether the membership is widely dispersed or concentrated in a central location.
Demographics--the employee turnover rate, economic status of the group's members, and whether the group is more apt to consist of savers and/or borrowers.
Market competition--the availability of other financial services.
Desired services and products--the type of services the group desires in comparison to the type of services a new credit union could offer.
Sponsor subsidies--the availability of operating subsidies.
The desire of the sponsor--the extent of the sponsor's interest in supporting a credit union charter.
Employee interest--the extent of the employees' interest in obtaining a credit union charter.
Evidence of past failure--whether the group previously had its own credit union or previously filed for a credit union charter.
Administrative capacity to provide services--will the group have the management expertise to provide the services requested.
[sbull] If the group is eligible for membership in any other credit union, documentation must be provided to support inclusion of the group under the overlap standards set forth in Section IV.E of this Chapter; and
[sbull] The most recent copy of the group's charter and bylaws or equivalent documentation (for associational groups). IV.B.4--Corporate Restructuring
If a select group within a federal credit union's field of membership undergoes a substantial restructuring, a change to the credit union's field of membership may be required if the credit union is to continue to provide service to the select group. NCUA permits a multiple common bond credit union to maintain in its field of membership a sold, spun-off, or merged select group to which it has been providing service. This type of amendment to the credit union's charter is not considered an expansion; therefore, the criteria relating to adding new groups are not applicable.
When two groups merge and each is in the field of membership of a credit union, then both (or all affected) credit unions can serve the resulting merged group, subject to any existing geographic limitation and without regard to any overlap provisions. However, the credit unions cannot serve the other multiple groups that may be in the field of membership of the other credit union.
IV.C--NCUA'S Procedures for Amending the Field of Membership
IV.C.1--General
All requests for approval to amend a federal credit union's charter must be submitted to the appropriate regional director.
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IV.C.2--Regional Director's Decision
NCUA staff will review all amendment requests in order to ensure conformance to NCUA policy.
Before acting on a proposed amendment, the regional director may require an on-site review. In addition, the regional director may, after taking into account the significance of the proposed field of membership amendment, require the applicant to submit a business plan addressing specific issues.
The financial and operational condition of the requesting credit union will be considered in every instance. An expanded field of membership may provide the basis for reversing adverse trends. In such cases, an amendment to expand the field of membership may be granted notwithstanding the credit union's adverse trends. The applicant credit union must clearly establish that the approval of the expanded field of membership meets the requirements of Section IV.B.2 of this Chapter and will not increase the risk to the NCUSIF. IV.C.3--Regional Director Approval
If the regional director approves the requested amendment, the credit union will be issued an amendment to Section 5 of its charter. IV.C.4--Regional Director Disapproval
When a regional director disapproves any application, in whole or in part, to amend the field of membership under this chapter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] Options to consider, if appropriate, for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedure. IV.C.5--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If a field of membership expansion request, merger, or spin-off is denied by the regional director, the federal credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial, and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. A reconsideration will contain new and material evidence addressing the reasons for the initial denial. The regional director will have 30 days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the request is again denied, the applicant may proceed with the appeal process within 60 days of the date of the last denial. A second request for reconsideration will be treated as an appeal to the NCUA Board.
IV.D--Mergers, Purchase and Assumptions, and Spin-Offs
In general, other than the addition of select groups, there are three additional ways a multiple common bond federal credit union can expand its field of membership:
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a merger;
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a purchase and assumption (P&A); or
[sbull] By taking a portion of another credit union's field of membership through a spin-off. IV.D.1--Voluntary Mergers
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All Select Groups in the Merging Credit Union's Field of Membership Have Less Than 3,000 Primary Potential Members.
A voluntary merger of two or more federal credit unions is permissible as long as each select group in the merging credit union's field of membership has less than 3,000 primary potential members. While the merger requirements outlined in Section 205 of the Federal Credit Union Act must still be met, the requirements of Chapter 2, Section IV.B.2 of this manual are not applicable.
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One or More Select Groups in the Merging Credit Union's Field of Membership has 3,000 or More Primary Potential Members.
If the merging credit unions serve the same group, and the group consists of 3,000 or more primary potential members, then the ability to form a separate credit union analysis is not required for that group. If the merging credit union has any other groups consisting of 3,000 or more primary potential members, special requirements apply. NCUA will analyze each group of 3,000 or more primary potential members, except as noted above, to determine whether the formation of a separate credit union by such a group is practical. If the formation of a separate credit union by such a group is not practical because the group lacks sufficient volunteer and other resources to support the efficient and effective operations of a credit union or does not meet the economic advisable criteria outlined in Chapter 1, the group may be merged into a multiple common bond credit union. If the formation of a separate credit union is practical, the group must be spun-off before the merger can be approved.
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Merger of a Single Common Bond Credit Union Into a Multiple Common Bond Credit Union.
A financially healthy single common bond credit union with a primary potential membership of 3,000 or more cannot merge into a multiple common bond credit union, absent supervisory reasons, unless the continuing credit union already serves the same group.
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Merger Approval.
If the merger is approved, the qualifying groups within the merging credit union's field of membership will be transferred intact to the continuing credit union and can continue to be served.
Where the merging credit union is state-chartered, the field of membership rules applicable to a federal credit union apply.
Mergers must be approved by the NCUA regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union, and, as applicable, the state regulators. IV.D.2--Supervisory Mergers
The NCUA may approve the merger of any federally insured credit union when safety and soundness concerns are present without regard to the 3,000 numerical limitation. The credit union need not be insolvent or in danger of insolvency for NCUA to use this statutory authority. Examples constituting appropriate reasons for using this authority are: abandonment of the management and/or officials and an inability to find replacements, loss of sponsor support, serious and persistent record keeping problems, sustained material decline in financial condition, or other serious or persistent circumstances. IV.D.3--Emergency Mergers
An emergency merger may be approved by NCUA without regard to field of membership rules, the 3,000 numerical limitation, or other legal constraints. An emergency merger involves NCUA's direct intervention and approval. The credit union to be merged must either be insolvent or likely to become insolvent, and NCUA must determine that:
[sbull] An emergency requiring expeditious action exists;
[sbull] Other alternatives are not reasonably available; and
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[sbull] The public interest would best be served by approving the merger.
If not corrected, conditions that could lead to insolvency include, but are not limited to:
[sbull] Abandonment by management;
[sbull] Loss of sponsor;
[sbull] Serious and persistent record keeping problems; or
[sbull] Serious and persistent operational concerns.
In an emergency merger situation, NCUA will take an active role in finding a suitable merger partner (continuing credit union). NCUA is primarily concerned that the continuing credit union has the financial strength and management expertise to absorb the troubled credit union without adversely affecting its own financial condition and stability.
As a stipulated condition to an emergency merger, the field of membership of the merging credit union may be transferred intact to the continuing federal credit union without regard to any field of membership restrictions including numerical limitation requirements. Under this authority, any single occupational or associational common bond, multiple common bond, or community charter may merger into a multiple common bond credit union and that credit union can continue to serve the merging credit union's field of membership. Subsequent field of membership expansions of the continuing multiple common bond credit union must be consistent with multiple common bond policies.
Emergency mergers involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. IV.D.4--Purchase and Assumption (P&A)
Another alternative for acquiring the field of membership of a failing credit union is through a consolidation known as a P&A. Generally, the requirements applicable to field of membership expansions found in this chapter apply to purchase and assumptions where the purchasing credit union is a federal charter.
A P&A has limited application because, in most cases, the failing credit union must be placed into involuntary liquidation. However, in the few instances where a P&A may occur, the assuming federal credit union, as with emergency mergers, may acquire the entire field of membership if the emergency criteria are satisfied. Specified loans, shares, and certain other designated assets and liabilities, without regard to field of membership restrictions, may also be acquired without changing the character of the continuing federal credit union for purposes of future field of membership amendments. Subsequent field of membership expansions must be consistent with multiple common bond policies.
P&As involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the purchased and/or assumed credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. IV.D.5--Spin-Offs
A spin-off occurs when, by agreement of the parties, a portion of the field of membership, assets, liabilities, shares, and capital of a credit union are transferred to a new or existing credit union. A spin- off is unique in that usually one credit union has a field of membership expansion and the other loses a portion of its field of membership.
All common bond requirements apply regardless of whether the spun- off group becomes a new charter or goes to an existing federal charter.
The request for approval of a spun-off group must be supported with a plan that addresses, at a minimum:
[sbull] Why the spin-off is being requested;
[sbull] What part of the field of membership is to be spun off;
[sbull] Which assets, liabilities, shares, and capital are to be transferred;
[sbull] The financial impact the spin-off will have on the affected credit unions;
[sbull] The ability of the acquiring credit union to effectively serve the new members;
[sbull] The proposed spin-off date; and
[sbull] Disclosure to the members of the requirements set forth above.
The spin-off request must also include current financial statements from the affected credit unions and the proposed voting ballot.
For federal credit unions spinning off a group, membership notice and voting requirements and procedures are the same as for mergers (see Part 708 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations), except that only the members directly affected by the spin-off--those whose shares are to be transferred--are permitted to vote. Members whose shares are not being transferred will not be afforded the opportunity to vote. All members of the group to be spun off (whether they voted in favor, against, or not at all) will be transferred if the spin-off is approved by the voting membership. Voting requirements for federally insured state credit unions are governed by state law.
Spin-offs involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by all regional directors where the credit unions are headquartered and the state regulators, as applicable. Spin-offs in the same region also require approval by the state regulator, as applicable.
IV.E--Overlaps
IV.E.1--General
An overlap exists when a group of persons is eligible for membership in two or more credit unions, including state charters. An overlap is permitted when the expansion's beneficial effect in meeting the convenience and needs of the members of the group proposed to be included in the field of membership clearly outweighs any adverse effect on the overlapped credit union.
Credit unions must investigate the possibility of an overlap with federally insured credit unions prior to submitting an expansion request if the group has 3,000 or more primary potential members. If cases arise where the assurance given to a regional director concerning the unavailability of credit union service is inaccurate, the misinformation may be grounds for removal of the group from the federal credit union's charter.
When an overlap situation requiring analysis does arise, officials of the expanding credit union must ascertain the views of the overlapped credit union. If the overlapped credit union does not object, the applicant must submit a letter or other documentation to that effect. If the overlapped credit union does not respond, the expanding credit union must notify NCUA in writing of its attempt to obtain the overlapped credit union's comments.
NCUA will approve an overlap if the expansion's beneficial effect in meeting the convenience and needs of the members of the group clearly outweighs any adverse effect on the overlapped credit union.
In reviewing the overlap, the regional director will consider:
[sbull] The view of the overlapped credit union(s);
[sbull] Whether the overlap is incidental in nature--the group of persons in question is so small as to have no material effect on the original credit union;
[sbull] Whether there is limited participation by members or employees
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of the group in the original credit union after the expiration of a reasonable period of time;
[sbull] Whether the original credit union fails to provide requested service;
[sbull] Financial effect on the overlapped credit union;
[sbull] The desires of the group(s);
[sbull] The desire of the sponsor organization; and
[sbull] The best interests of the affected group and the credit union members involved.
Generally, if the overlapped credit union does not object, and NCUA determines that there is no safety and soundness problem, the overlap will be permitted.
Potential overlaps of a federally insured state credit union's field of membership by a federal credit union will generally be analyzed in the same way as if two federal credit unions were involved. Where a federally insured state credit union's field of membership is broadly stated, NCUA will exclude its field of membership from any overlap protection.
NCUA will permit multiple common bond federal credit unions to overlap community charters without performing an overlap analysis. IV.E.2--Overlap Issues as a Result of Organizational Restructuring
A federal credit union's field of membership will always be governed by the field of membership descriptions contained in Section 5 of its charter. Where a sponsor organization expands its operations internally, by acquisition or otherwise, the credit union may serve these new entrants to its field of membership if they are part of any select group listed in Section 5. Where acquisitions are made which add a new subsidiary, the group cannot be served until the subsidiary is included in the field of membership through a housekeeping amendment.
Overlaps may occur as a result of restructuring or merger of the parent organization. When such overlaps occur, each credit union must request a field of membership amendment to reflect the new groups each wishes to serve. The credit union can continue to serve any current group in its field of membership that is acquiring a new group or has been acquired by a new group. The new group cannot be served by the credit union until the field of membership amendment is approved by NCUA.
Credit unions affected by organizational restructuring or merger should attempt to resolve overlap issues among themselves. Unless an agreement is reached limiting the overlap resulting from the corporate restructuring, NCUA will permit a complete overlap of the credit unions' fields of membership. When two groups merge, or one group is acquired by the other, and each is in the field of membership of a credit union, both (or all affected) credit unions can serve the resulting merged or acquired group, subject to any existing geographic limitation and without regard to any overlap provisions. This is accomplished through a housekeeping amendment.
Credit unions must submit to NCUA documentation explaining the restructuring and provide information regarding the new organizational structure. IV.E.3--Exclusionary Clauses
An exclusionary clause is a limitation precluding the credit union from serving the primary members of a portion of a group otherwise included in its field of membership. NCUA no longer grants exclusionary clauses. Those granted prior to the adoption of this new chartering manual will remain in effect unless the credit unions agree to remove them or one of the affected credit unions submits a housekeeping amendment to have it removed.
IV. F--Charter Conversion
A multiple common bond federal credit union may apply to convert to a community charter provided the field of membership requirements of the community charter are met. Groups within the existing charter which cannot qualify in the new charter cannot be served except for members of record, or groups or communities obtained in an emergency merger or P&A. A credit union must notify all groups that will be removed from the field of membership as a result of conversion. Members of record can continue to be served. Also, in order to support a case for a conversion, the applicant federal credit union may be required to develop a detailed business plan as specified in Chapter 2, Section V.A.3.
A multiple common bond federal credit union may apply to convert to a single occupational or associational common bond charter provided the field of membership requirements of the new charter are met. Groups within the existing charter, which do not qualify in the new charter, cannot be served except for members of record, or groups or communities obtained in an emergency merger or P&A. A credit union must notify all groups that will be removed from the field of membership as a result of conversion.
IV. G--Removal of Groups From the Field of Membership
A credit union may request removal of a group from its field of membership for various reasons. The most common reasons for this type of amendment are:
[sbull] The group is within the field of membership of two credit unions and one wishes to discontinue service;
[sbull] The federal credit union cannot continue to provide adequate service to the group;
[sbull] The group has ceased to exist;
[sbull] The group does not respond to repeated requests to contact the credit union or refuses to provide needed support;
[sbull] The group initiates action to be removed from the field of membership; or
[sbull] The federal credit union wishes to convert to a single common bond.
When a federal credit union requests an amendment to remove a group from its field of membership, the regional director will determine why the credit union desires to remove the group. If the regional director concurs with the request, membership will continue for those who are already members under the ``once a member, always a member'' provision of the Federal Credit Union Act.
IV. H--Other Persons Eligible for Credit Union Membership
A number of persons, by virtue of their close relationship to a common bond group, may be included, at the charter applicant's option, in the field of membership. These include the following:
[sbull] Spouses of persons who died while within the field of membership of this credit union;
[sbull] Employees of this credit union;
[sbull] Persons retired as pensioners or annuitants from the above employment;
[sbull] Volunteers;
[sbull] Members of the immediate family or household;
[sbull] Organizations of such persons; and
[sbull] Corporate or other legal entities in this charter.
Immediate family is defined as spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. This includes stepparents, stepchildren, stepsiblings, and adoptive relationships.
Household is defined as persons living in the same residence maintaining a single economic unit.
Membership eligibility is extended only to individuals who are members of an ``immediate family or household'' of a credit union member. It is not necessary for the primary member to join the credit union in order for the
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immediate family or household member of the primary member to join, provided the immediate family or household clause is included in the field of membership. However, it is necessary for the immediate family member or household member to first join in order for that person's immediate family member or household member to join the credit union. A credit union can adopt a more restrictive definition of immediate family or household.
Volunteers, by virtue of their close relationship with a sponsor group, may be included. Examples include volunteers working at a hospital or church.
Under the Federal Credit Union Act, once a person becomes a member of the credit union, such person may remain a member of the credit union until the person chooses to withdraw or is expelled from the membership of the credit union. This is commonly referred to as ``once a member, always a member.'' The ``once a member, always a member'' provision does not prevent a credit union from restricting services to members who are no longer within the field of membership.
V--Community Charter Requirements
V.A.1--General
Community charters must be based on a single, geographically well- defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district where individuals have common interests and/or interact. More than one credit union may serve the same community.
NCUA recognizes four types of affinity on which a community charter can be based--persons who live in, worship in, attend school in, or work in the community. Businesses and other legal entities within the community boundaries may also qualify for membership.
NCUA has established the following requirements for community charters:
[sbull] The geographic area's boundaries must be clearly defined;
[sbull] The area is a ``well-defined local, community, neighborhood, or rural district;'' and
[sbull] Individuals must have common interests and/or interact. V.A.2--Documentation Requirements
In addition to the documentation requirements set forth in Chapter 1 to charter a credit union, a community credit union applicant must provide additional documentation addressing the proposed area to be served and community service policies.
A community credit union must meet the statutory requirements that the proposed community area is (1) well-defined, and (2) a local community, neighborhood, or rural district.
``Well-defined'' means the proposed area has specific geographic boundaries. Geographic boundaries may include a city, township, county (or its political equivalent), or a clearly identifiable neighborhood. Although congressional districts and state boundaries are well-defined areas, they do not meet the requirement that the proposed area be a local community.
The well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district requirement is met if:
[sbull] The area to be served is in a recognized single political jurisdiction, i.e., a city, county, or their political equivalent, or any contiguous portion thereof.
The well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district requirement may be met if:
[sbull] The area to be served is in multiple contiguous political jurisdictions, i.e., a city, county, or their political equivalent, or any contiguous portion thereof and if the population of the requested well-defined area does not exceed 500,000; or
[sbull] The area to be served is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or its equivalent, or a portion thereof, where the population of the MSA or its equivalent does not exceed 1,000,000.
If the proposed area meets either the multiple political jurisdiction or MSA criteria, the credit union must submit a letter describing how the area meets the standards for community interaction and/or common interests.
If NCUA does not find sufficient evidence of community interaction and/or common interests or if the area to be served does not meet the MSA or multiple political jurisdiction requirements of the preceding paragraph, the application must include documentation to support that it is a well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district.
It is the applicant's responsibility to demonstrate the relevance of the documentation provided in support of the application. This must be provided in a narrative summary. The narrative summary must explain how the documentation demonstrates interaction and/or common interests. For example, simply listing newspapers and organizations in the area is not sufficient to demonstrate that the area is a local community, neighborhood, or rural district.
Examples of acceptable documentation may include:
[sbull] The defined political jurisdictions;
[sbull] Major trade areas (shopping patterns and traffic flows);
[sbull] Shared/common facilities (for example, educational, medical, police and fire protection, school district, water, etc.);
[sbull] Organizations and clubs within the community area;
[sbull] Newspapers or other periodicals published for and about the area;
[sbull] A local map designating the area to be served and locations of current and proposed service facilities and a regional or state map with the proposed community outlined; or
[sbull] Other documentation that demonstrates that the area is a community where individuals have common interests and/or interact.
An applicant need not submit a narrative summary or documentation to support a proposed community charter, amendment or conversion as a well-defined local community, neighborhood or rural district if the NCUA has previously determined that the same exact geographic area meets that requirement in connection with consideration of a prior application since IRPS 99-1, as amended. Applicants may contact the appropriate regional office to find out if the area they are interested in has already been determined to meet the community requirements. If the area is the same as a previously approved area, an applicant need only include a statement to that effect in the application. Applicants may be required to submit their own summary and documentation regarding the community requirements if NCUA has reason to believe that prior submissions are no longer accurate.
A community credit union is frequently more susceptible to competition from other local financial institutions and generally does not have substantial support from any single sponsoring company or association. As a result, a community credit union will often encounter financial and operational factors that differ from an occupational or associational charter. Its diverse membership may require special marketing programs targeted to different segments of the community. For example, the lack of payroll deduction creates special challenges in the development of savings promotional programs and in the collection of loans.
Accordingly, it is essential for the proposed community credit union to develop a detailed and practical business and marketing plan for at least the first two years of operation. The proposed credit union must not only address the documentation requirements set forth in Chapter 1, but also focus on the accomplishment of the
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unique financial and operational factors of a community charter.
Community credit unions will be expected to regularly review and to follow, to the fullest extent economically possible, the marketing and business plan submitted with their application. V.A.3--Special Documentation Requirements for a Converting Credit Union
An existing federal credit union may apply to convert to a community charter. Groups currently in the credit union's field of membership but outside the new community credit union's boundaries may not be included in the new community charter. Therefore, the credit union is required to notify groups that will be removed from the field of membership as a result of the conversion. Members of record can continue to be served.
The documentation requirements set forth in Section V.A.2 of this Chapter must be met before a community charter can be approved. In order to support a case for a conversion to community charter, the applicant federal credit union must develop a business plan incorporating the following data:
[sbull] Pro forma financial statements for the first two years after the proposed conversion, including assumptions--e.g., member, share, loan, and asset growth;
[sbull] Marketing plan addressing how the community will be served;
[sbull] Financial services to be provided to members;
[sbull] A local map showing current and proposed service facilities; and
[sbull] Anticipated financial impact on the credit union in terms of need for additional employees and fixed assets.
Before approval of an application to convert to a community credit union, NCUA must be satisfied that the institution will be viable and capable of providing services to its members. V.A.4--Community Boundaries
The geographic boundaries of a community federal credit union are the areas defined in its charter. The boundaries can usually be defined using political borders, streets, rivers, railroad tracks, etc.
A community that is a recognized legal entity, may be stated in the field of membership--for example, ``Gus Township, Texas'' or ``Kristi County, Virginia.''
A community that is a recognized MSA must state in the field of membership the political jurisdiction(s) that comprise the MSA. V.A.5--Special Community Charters
A community field of membership may include persons who work or attend school in a particular industrial park, shopping mall, office complex, or similar development. The proposed field of membership must have clearly defined geographic boundaries. V.A.6--Sample Community Fields of Membership
A community charter does not have to include all four affinities (i.e., live, work, worship, or attend school in a community). Some examples of community fields of membership are:
[sbull] Persons who live, work, worship, or attend school in, and businesses located in the area of Johnson City, Tennessee, bounded by Fern Street on the north, Long Street on the east, Fourth Street on the south, and Elm Avenue on the west;
[sbull] Persons who live or work in Green County, Maine;
[sbull] Persons who live, worship, or work in and businesses and other legal entities located in Independent School District No. 1, DuPage County, Illinois;
[sbull] Persons who live, worship, work (or regularly conduct business in), or attend school on the University of Dayton campus, in Dayton, Ohio;
[sbull] Persons who work for businesses located in Clifton Country Mall, in Clifton Park, New York; or
[sbull] Persons who live, work, or worship in the Binghamton, New York, MSA, consisting of Broome and Tioga Counties, New York.
Some examples of insufficiently defined community field of membership definitions are:
[sbull] Persons who live or work within and businesses located within a ten-mile radius of Washington, D.C. (using a radius does not establish a well-defined area);
[sbull] Persons who live or work in the industrial section of New York, New York. (not a well-defined neighborhood, community, or rural district); or
[sbull] Persons who live or work in the greater Boston area. (not a well-defined neighborhood, community, or rural district).
Some examples of unacceptable local communities, neighborhoods, or rural districts are:
[sbull] Persons who live or work in the State of California. (does not meet the definition of local community, neighborhood, or rural district).
[sbull] Persons who live in the first congressional district of Florida. (does not meet the definition of local community, neighborhood, or rural district).
V.B--Field of Membership Amendments
A community credit union may amend its field of membership by adding additional affinities or removing exclusionary clauses. This can be accomplished with a housekeeping amendment.
A community credit union also may expand its geographic boundaries. Persons who live, work, worship, or attend school within the proposed well-defined local community, neighborhood or rural district must have common interests and/or interact. The credit union must follow the requirements of Section V.A.3 of this chapter.
V.C--NCUA Procedures for Amending the Field of Membership
V.C.1--General
All requests for approval to amend a community credit union's charter must be submitted to the appropriate regional director. If a decision cannot be made within a reasonable period of time, the regional director will notify the credit union. V.C.2--NCUA's Decision
The financial and operational condition of the requesting credit union will be considered in every instance. The economic advisability of expanding the field of membership of a credit union with financial or operational problems must be carefully considered.
In most cases, field of membership amendments will only be approved for credit unions that are operating satisfactorily. Generally, if a federal credit union is having difficulty providing service to its current membership, or is experiencing financial or other operational problems, it may have more difficulty serving an expanded field of membership.
Occasionally, however, an expanded field of membership may provide the basis for reversing current financial problems. In such cases, an amendment to expand the field of membership may be granted notwithstanding the credit union's financial or operational problems. The applicant credit union must clearly establish that the expanded field of membership is in the best interest of the members and will not increase the risk to the NCUSIF. V.C.3--NCUA Approval
If the requested amendment is approved by NCUA, the credit union will be issued an amendment to Section 5 of its charter. V.C.4--NCUA Disapproval
When NCUA disapproves any application to amend the field of
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membership, in whole or in part, under this chapter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] If appropriate, options or suggestions that could be considered for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedures. V.C.5--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If a field of membership expansion request, merger, or spin-off is denied by the regional director, the federal credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the NCUA Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. A reconsideration will contain new and material evidence addressing the reasons for the initial denial. The regional director will have 30 days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the request is again denied, the applicant may proceed with the appeal process within 60 days of the date of the last denial. A second request for reconsideration will be treated as an appeal to the NCUA Board.
V.D--Mergers, Purchase and Assumptions, and Spin-Offs
There are three additional ways a community federal credit union can expand its field of membership:
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership of another credit union through a merger;
[sbull] By taking in the field of membership through a purchase and assumption (P&A); or
[sbull] By taking a portion of another credit union's field of membership through a spin-off. V.D.1--Standard Mergers
Generally, the requirements applicable to field of membership expansions apply to mergers where the continuing credit union is a community federal charter.
Where both credit unions are community charters, the continuing credit union must meet the criteria for expanding the community boundaries. A community credit union cannot merge into a single occupational/associational, or multiple common bond credit union, except in an emergency merger. However, a single occupational or associational, or multiple common bond credit union can merge into a community charter as long as the merging credit union has a service facility within the community boundaries or a majority of the merging credit union's field of membership would qualify for membership in the community charter. While a community charter may take in an occupational, associational, or multiple common bond credit union in a merger, it will remain a community charter.
Groups within the merging credit union's field of membership located outside of the community boundaries may not continue to be served. The merging credit union must notify groups that will be removed from the field of membership as a result of the merger. However, the credit union may continue to serve members of record.
Where a state-chartered credit union is merging into a community federal credit union, the continuing federal credit union's field of membership will be worded in accordance with NCUA policy. Any subsequent field of membership expansions must comply with applicable amendment procedures.
Mergers must be approved by the NCUA regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union, and, as applicable, the state regulators. V.D.2--Emergency Mergers
An emergency merger may be approved by NCUA without regard to field of membership requirements or other legal constraints. An emergency merger involves NCUA's direct intervention and approval. The credit union to be merged must either be insolvent or likely to become insolvent, and NCUA must determine that:
[sbull] An emergency requiring expeditious action exists;
[sbull] Other alternatives are not reasonably available; and
[sbull] The public interest would best be served by approving the merger.
If not corrected, conditions that could lead to insolvency include, but are not limited to:
[sbull] Abandonment by management;
[sbull] Loss of sponsor;
[sbull] Serious and persistent recordkeeping; or
[sbull] Serious and persistent operational concerns.
In an emergency merger situation, NCUA will take an active role in finding a suitable merger partner (continuing credit union). NCUA is primarily concerned that the continuing credit union has the financial strength and management expertise to absorb the troubled credit union without adversely affecting its own financial condition and stability.
As a stipulated condition to an emergency merger, the field of membership of the merging credit union may be transferred intact to the continuing federal credit union without regard to any field of membership restrictions, including the service facility requirement. Under this authority, a federal credit union may take in any dissimilar field of membership.
Even though the merging credit union is a single common bond credit union or multiple common bond credit union or community credit union, the continuing credit union will remain a community charter. Future community expansions will be based on the continuing credit union's original community area.
Emergency mergers involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the merging credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. V.D.3--Purchase and Assumption (P&A)
Another alternative for acquiring the field of membership of a failing credit union is through a consolidation known as a P&A. Generally, the requirements applicable to community expansions found in this chapter apply to purchase and assumptions where the purchasing credit union is a federal charter.
A P&A has limited application because, in most instances, the failing credit union must be placed into involuntary liquidation. However, in the few instances where a P&A may occur, the assuming federal credit union, as with emergency mergers, may acquire the entire field of membership if the emergency criteria are satisfied.
In a P&A processed under the emergency criteria, specified loans, shares, and certain other designated assets and liabilities may also be acquired without regard to field of membership restrictions and without changing the character of the continuing federal credit union for purposes of future field of membership amendments.
If the P&A does not meet the emergency criteria, then only members of record can be obtained unless they
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otherwise qualify for membership in the community charter.
P&As involving federally insured credit unions in different NCUA regions must be approved by the regional director where the continuing credit union is headquartered, with the concurrence of the regional director of the purchased and/or assumed credit union and, as applicable, the state regulators. V.D.4--Spin-Offs
A spin-off occurs when, by agreement of the parties, a portion of the field of membership, assets, liabilities, shares, and capital of a credit union are transferred to a new or existing credit union. A spin- off is unique in that usually one credit union has a field of membership expansion and the other loses a portion of its field of membership.
All field of membership requirements apply regardless of whether the spun-off group goes to a new or existing federal charter.
The request for approval of a spin-off must be supported with a plan that addresses, at a minimum:
[sbull] Why the spin-off is being requested;
[sbull] What part of the field of membership is to be spun off;
[sbull] Whether the field of membership requirements are met;
[sbull] Which assets, liabilities, shares, and capital are to be transferred;
[sbull] The financial impact the spin-off will have on the affected credit unions;
[sbull] The ability of the acquiring credit union to effectively serve the new members;
[sbull] The proposed spin-off date; and
[sbull] Disclosure to the members of the requirements set forth above.
The spin-off request must also include current financial statements from the affected credit unions and the proposed voting ballot.
For federal credit unions spinning off a portion of the community, membership notice and voting requirements and procedures are the same as for mergers (see Part 708 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations), except that only the members directly affected by the spin-off--those whose shares are to be transferred--are permitted to vote. Members whose shares are not being transferred will not be afforded the opportunity to vote. All members of the group to be spun off (whether they voted in favor, against, or not at all) will be transferred if the spin-off is approved by the voting membership. Voting requirements for federally insured state credit unions are governed by state law. V.E--Overlaps V.E.1--General
Generally, an overlap exists when a group of persons is eligible for membership in two or more credit unions. NCUA will permit community credit unions to overlap any other charters without performing an overlap analysis. V.E.2--Exclusionary Clauses
An exclusionary clause is a limitation precluding the credit union from serving the primary members of a portion of a group or community otherwise included in its field of membership. NCUA no longer grants exclusionary clauses. Those granted prior to the adoption of this new chartering manual will remain in effect unless the credit unions agree to remove them or one of the affected credit unions submits a housekeeping amendment to have it removed.
V.F--Charter Conversions
A community federal credit union may convert to a single occupational or associational, or multiple common bond credit union. The converting credit union must meet all occupational, associational, and multiple common bond requirements, as applicable. The converting credit union may continue to serve members of record of the prior field of membership as of the date of the conversion, and any groups or communities obtained in an emergency merger or P&A. A change to the credit union's field of membership and designated common bond will be necessary.
A community credit union may convert to serve a new geographical area provided the field of membership requirements of V.A.3 of this chapter are met. Members of record of the original community can continue to be served.
V.G--Other Persons With a Relationship to the Community
A number of persons who have a close relationship to the community may be included, at the charter applicant's option, in the field of membership. These include the following:
[sbull] Spouses of persons who died while within the field of membership of this credit union;
[sbull] Employees of this credit union;
[sbull] Volunteers in the community;
[sbull] Members of the immediate family or household; and
[sbull] Organizations of such persons.
Immediate family is defined as spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. This includes stepparents, stepchildren, stepsiblings, and adoptive relationships.
Household is defined as persons living in the same residence maintaining a single economic unit.
Membership eligibility is extended only to individuals who are members of an ``immediate family or household'' of a credit union member. It is not necessary for the primary member to join the credit union in order for the immediate family or household member of the primary member to join, provided the immediate family or household clause is included in the field of membership. However, it is necessary for the immediate family member or household member to first join in order for that person's immediate family member or household member to join the credit union. A credit union can adopt a more restrictive definition of immediate family or household.
Under the Federal Credit Union Act, once a person becomes a member of the credit union, such person may remain a member of the credit union until the person chooses to withdraw or is expelled from the membership of the credit union. This is commonly referred to as ``once a member, always a member.'' The ``once a member, always a member'' provision does not prevent a credit union from restricting services to members who are no longer within the field of membership.
Chapter 3--Low-Income Credit Unions and Credit Unions Serving Underserved Areas
I--Introduction
One of the primary reasons for the creation of federal credit unions is to make credit available to people of modest means for provident and productive purposes. To help NCUA fulfill this mission, the agency has established special operational policies for federal credit unions that serve low-income groups and underserved areas. The policies provide a greater degree of flexibility that will enhance and invigorate capital infusion into low-income groups, low-income communities, and underserved areas. These unique policies are necessary to provide credit unions serving low-income groups with financial stability and potential for controlled growth and to encourage the formation of new charters as well as the delivery of credit union services in low-income communities.
II--Low-Income Credit Union
II.A--Defined
A credit union serving predominantly low-income members may be designated
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as a low-income credit union. Section 701.34 of NCUA's Rules and Regulations defines the term ``low-income members'' as those members:
[sbull] Who make less than 80 percent of the average for all wage earners as established by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; or
[sbull] Whose annual household income falls at or below 80 percent of the median household income for the nation as established by the Census Bureau.
The term ``low-income members'' also includes members who are full- time or part-time students in a college, university, high school, or vocational school.
To obtain a low-income designation from NCUA, an existing credit union must establish that a majority of its members meet the low-income definition. An existing community credit union that serves a geographic area where a majority of residents meet the annual income standard is presumed to be serving predominantly low-income members. A low-income designation for a new credit union charter may be based on a majority of the potential membership.
II.B--Special Programs
A credit union with a low-income designation has greater flexibility in accepting nonmember deposits insured by the NCUSIF, are exempt from the aggregate loan limit on business loans, and may offer secondary capital accounts to strengthen its capital base. It also may participate in special funding programs such as the Community Development Revolving Loan Program for Credit Unions (CDRLP) if it is involved in the stimulation of economic development and community revitalization efforts.
The CDRLP provides both loans and grants for technical assistance to low-income credit unions. The requirements for participation in the revolving loan program are in Part 705 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations. Only operating credit unions are eligible for participation in this program.
II.C--Low-Income Documentation
A federal credit union charter applicant or existing credit union wishing to receive a low-income designation should forward a separate request for the designation to the regional director, along with appropriate documentation supporting the request.
For community charter applicants, the supporting material should include the median household income or annual wage figures for the community to be served. If this information is unavailable, the applicant should identify the individual zip codes or census tracts that comprise the community and NCUA will assist in obtaining the necessary demographic data.
Similarly, if single occupational or associational or multiple common bond charter applicants cannot supply income data on its potential members, they should provide the regional director with a list which includes the number of potential members, sorted by their residential zip codes, and NCUA will assist in obtaining the necessary demographic data.
An existing credit union can perform a loan or membership survey to determine if the credit union is primarily serving low-income members.
II.D--Third Party Assistance
A low-income federal credit union charter applicant may contract with a third party to assist in the chartering and low-income designation process. If the charter is granted, a low-income credit union may contract with a third party to provide necessary management services. Such contracts should not exceed the duration of one year subject to renewal.
II.E--Special Rules for Low-Income Federal Credit Unions
In recognition of the unique efforts needed to help make credit union service available to low-income groups, NCUA has adopted special rules that pertain to low-income credit union charters, as well as field of membership additions for low-income credit unions. These special rules provide additional latitude to enable underserved, low- income individuals to gain access to credit union service.
NCUA permits credit union chartering and field of membership amendments based on associational groups formed for the sole purpose of making credit union service available to low-income persons. The association must be defined so that all of its members will meet the low-income definition of Section 701.34 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations. Any multiple common bond credit union can add low-income associations to their fields of membership.
A low-income designated community federal credit union has additional latitude in serving persons who are affiliated with the community. In addition to serving members who live, work, worship, or attend school in the community, a low-income community federal credit union may also serve persons who participate in programs to alleviate poverty or distress, or who participate in associations headquartered in the community.
Examples of a low-income designated community and an associational- based low-income federal credit union are as follows:
[sbull] Persons who live in [the target area]; persons who work, worship, attend school, or participate in associations headquartered in
[the target area] ; persons participating in programs to alleviate poverty or distress which are located in [the target area]; incorporated and unincorporated organizations located in [the target area] or maintaining a facility in [the target area]; and organizations of such persons.
[sbull] Members of the Canarsie Economic Assistance League, in Brooklyn, NY, an association whose members all meet the low-income definition of Section 701.34 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations.
III--Service to Underserved Communities
III.A--General
All federal credit unions may include in their fields of membership, without regard to location, communities satisfying the definition of underserved areas in the Federal Credit Union Act. Adding an underserved area will not change the charter type of a federal credit union. More than one federal credit union can serve the same underserved area. The Federal Credit Union Act defines an underserved area as a local community, neighborhood, or rural district that is an ``investment area'' as defined in Section 103(16) of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994.
For an underserved area, the well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district requirement is met if:
[sbull] The area to be served is in a recognized single political jurisdiction, i.e., a city, county, or their political equivalent, or any contiguous portion thereof;
[sbull] The area to be served is in multiple contiguous political jurisdictions, i.e. a city, county, or their political equivalent, or any contiguous portion thereof and if the population of the requested well-defined area does not exceed 500,000; or
[sbull] The area to be served is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or its equivalent, or a portion thereof, where the population of the MSA or its equivalent does not exceed 1,000,000.
If the area to be served does not meet the MSA or multiple political jurisdiction requirements outlined above, the application must include documentation to support that it is a
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well-defined local community, neighborhood, or rural district.
For an underserved area, an investment area includes any of the following (as reported in the most recently completed decennial census or equivalent government data):
[sbull] An area that wholly consists of or is wholly located within an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community designated under section 1391 of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 1391);
[sbull] An area where the percentage of the population living in poverty is at least 20 percent;
[sbull] An area in a Metropolitan Area where the median family income is at or below 80 percent of the Metropolitan Area median family income or the national Metropolitan Area median family income, whichever is greater;
[sbull] An area outside of a Metropolitan Area, where the median family income is at or below 80 percent of the statewide non- Metropolitan Area median family income or the national non-Metropolitan Area median family income, whichever is greater;
[sbull] An area where the unemployment rate is at least 1.5 times the national average;
[sbull] An area meeting the criteria for economic distress that may be established by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI) of the United States Department of the Treasury.
In addition, the local community, neighborhood, or rural district must be underserved, based on data considered by the NCUA Board and the Federal banking agencies.
Once an underserved area has been added to a federal credit union's field of membership, the credit union must establish and maintain an office or facility in the community within two years. A service facility is defined as a place where shares are accepted for members' accounts, loan applications are accepted and loans are disbursed. This definition includes a credit union owned branch, a shared branch, a mobile branch, an office operated on a regularly scheduled weekly basis, or a credit union owned electronic facility that meets, at a minimum, these requirements. This definition does not include an ATM or the credit union's Internet web site.
If a credit union has a preexisting office within close proximity to the underserved area, then it will not be required to maintain an office or facility within the underserved area. Close proximity will be determined on a case-by-case basis, but the office must be readily accessible to the residents and the distance from the underserved area will not be an impediment to a majority of the residents to transact credit union business.
The federal credit union adding the underserved community must document that the community meets the definition for serving underserved areas in the Federal Credit Union Act. The charter type of a federal credit union adding such a community will not change. Therefore, the credit union will not be able to receive the benefits afforded to low-income designated credit unions, such as expanded use of nonmember deposits and access to the Community Development Revolving Loan Program for Credit Unions.
A federal credit union that desires to include an underserved community in its field of membership must first develop a business plan specifying how it will serve the community. The business plan, at a minimum, must identify the credit and depository needs of the community and detail how the credit union plans to serve those needs. The credit union will be expected to regularly review the business plan to determine if the community is being adequately served. The regional director may require periodic service status reports from a credit union about the underserved area to ensure that the needs of the community are being met as well as requiring such reports before NCUA allows a federal credit union to add an additional underserved area.
IV--Appeal Procedures for Underserved Areas
IV.A--NCUA Approval
If the requested underserved area is approved by NCUA, the credit union will be issued an amendment to Section 5 of its charter.
IV.B--NCUA Disapproval
When NCUA disapproves any application to add an underserved area, in whole or in part, under this chapter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] Options to consider, if appropriate, for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedures.
IV.C--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If the regional director denies an underserved area request, the federal credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the NCUA Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. A reconsideration will contain new and material evidence addressing the reasons for the initial denial. The regional director will have 30 days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the request is again denied, the applicant may proceed with the appeal process within 60 days of the date of the last denial. A second request for reconsideration will be treated as an appeal to the NCUA Board.
Chapter 4--Chapter Conversions
I--Introduction
A charter conversion is a change in the jurisdictional authority under which a credit union operates.
Federal credit unions receive their charters from NCUA and are subject to its supervision, examination, and regulation.
State-chartered credit unions are incorporated in a particular state, receiving their charter from the state agency responsible for credit unions and subject to the state's regulator. If the state- chartered credit union's deposits are federally insured, it will also fall under NCUA's jurisdiction.
A federal credit union's power and authority are derived from the Federal Credit Union Act and NCUA Rules and Regulations. State- chartered credit unions are governed by state law and regulation. Certain federal laws and regulations also apply to federally insured state chartered credit unions.
There are two types of charter conversions: federal charter to state charter and state charter to federal charter. Common bond and community requirements are not an issue from NCUA's standpoint in the case of a federal to state charter conversion. The procedures and forms relevant to both types of charter conversion are included in Appendix D.
II--Conversion of a State Credit Union to a Federal Credit Union
II.A--General Requirements
Any state-chartered credit union may apply to convert to a federal credit union. In order to do so it must:
[sbull] Comply with state law regarding conversion and file proof of compliance with NCUA;
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[sbull] File the required conversion application, proposed federal credit union organization certificate, and other documents with NCUA;
[sbull] Comply with the requirements of the Federal Credit Union Act, e.g., chartering and reserve requirements; and
[sbull] Be granted federal share insurance by NCUA.
Conversions are treated the same as any initial application for a federal charter, including an on-site examination by NCUA where appropriate. NCUA will also consult with the appropriate state authority regarding the credit union's current financial condition, management expertise, and past performance. Since the applicant in a conversion is an ongoing credit union, the economic advisability of granting a charter is more readily determinable than in the case of an initial charter applicant.
A converting state credit union's field of membership must conform to NCUA's chartering policy. The field of membership will be phrased in accordance with NCUA chartering policy. However, if the converting credit union is a multiple group charter and the new federal charter is a multiple group, then the new federal charter may retain in its field of membership any group that the state credit union was serving at the time of conversion. Subsequent changes must conform to NCUA chartering policy in effect at that time.
If the converting credit union is a community charter and the new federal charter is community-based, it must meet the community field of membership requirements set forth in Chapter 2, Section V of this manual. If the state-chartered credit union's community boundary is more expansive than the approved federal boundary, only members of record outside of the new community boundary may continue to be served.
The converting credit union, regardless of charter type, may continue to serve members of record. The converting credit union may retain in its field of membership any group or community added pursuant to state emergency provisions.
II.B--Submission of Conversion Proposal to NCUA
The following documents must be submitted with the conversion proposal:
[sbull] Conversion of State Charter to Federal Charter (NCUA 4000);
[sbull] Organization Certificate (NCUA 4008). Only Part (3) and the signature/notary section should be completed and, where applicable, signed by the credit union officials.
[sbull] Report of Officials and Agreement to Serve (NCUA 4012);
[sbull] The Application to Convert From State Credit Union to Federal Credit Union (NCUA 4401);
[sbull] The Application and Agreements for Insurance of Accounts (NCUA 9500);
[sbull] Certification of Resolution (NCUA 9501);
[sbull] Written evidence regarding whether the state regulator is in agreement with the conversion proposal; and
[sbull] Business plan, as appropriate, including the most current financial report and delinquent loan schedule.
If the state charter is applying to become a federal community charter, it must also comply with the documentation requirements included in Chapter 2, Section V.A.2 of this manual.
II.C--NCUA Consideration of Application To Convert
II.C.1--Review by the Regional Director
The application will be reviewed to determine that it is complete and that the proposal is in compliance with Section 125 of the Federal Credit Union Act. This review will include a determination that the state credit union's field of membership is in compliance with NCUA's chartering policies. The regional director may make further investigation into the proposal and may require the submission of additional information to support the request to convert. II.C.2--On-Site Review
NCUA may conduct an on-site examination of the books and records of the credit union. Non-federally insured credit unions will be assessed an insurance application fee. II.C.3--Approval by the Regional Director and Conditions to the Approval
The conversion will be approved by the regional director if it is in compliance with Section 125 of the Federal Credit Union Act and meets the criteria for federal insurance. Where applicable, the regional director will specify any special conditions that the credit union must meet in order to convert to a federal charter, including changes to the credit union's field of membership in order to conform to NCUA's chartering policies. Some of these conditions may be set forth in a Letter of Understanding and Agreement (LUA), which requires the signature of the officials and the regional director. II.C.4--Notification
The regional director will notify both the credit union and the state regulator of the decision on the conversion. II.C.5--NCUA Disapproval
When NCUA disapproves any application to convert to a federal charter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] Options to consider, if appropriate, for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedures. II.C.6--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If a conversion to a federal charter is denied by the regional director, the applicant credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the NCUA Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. The request will not be considered as an appeal, but a request for reconsideration by the regional director. The regional director will have 30 business days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the application is again denied, the credit union may proceed with the appeal process to the NCUA Board within 60 days of the date of the last denial by the regional director.
II.D--Action by Board of Directors
II.D.1--General
Upon being informed of the regional director's preliminary approval, the board must:
[sbull] Comply with all requirements of the state regulator that will enable the credit union to convert to a federal charter and cease being a state credit union;
[sbull] Obtain a letter or official statement from the state regulator certifying that the credit union has met all of the state requirements and will cease to be a state credit union upon its receiving a federal charter. A copy of this document must be submitted to the regional director;
[sbull] Obtain a letter from the private share insurer (includes excess share insurers), if applicable, certifying that the credit union has met all withdrawal requirements. A copy of this document must be submitted to the regional director; and
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[sbull] Submit a statement of the action taken to comply with any conditions imposed by the regional director in the preliminary approval of the conversion proposal and, if applicable, submit the signed LUA. II.D.2--Application for a Federal Charter
When the regional director has received evidence that the board of directors has satisfactorily completed the actions described above, the federal charter and new Certificate of Insurance will be issued.
The credit union may then complete the conversion as discussed in the following section. A denial of a conversion application can be appealed. Refer to Section II.C.6 of this chapter.
II.E--Completion of the Conversion
II.E.1--Effective Date of Conversion
The date on which the regional director approves the Organization Certificate and the Application and Agreements for Insurance of Accounts is the date on which the credit union becomes a federal credit union. The regional director will notify the credit union and the state regulator of the date of the conversion. II.E.2--Assumption of Assets and Liabilities
As of the effective date of the conversion, the federal credit union will be the owner of all of the assets and will be responsible for all of the liabilities and share accounts of the state credit union. II.E.3--Board of Directors' Meeting
Upon receipt of its federal charter, the board will hold its first meeting as a federal credit union. At this meeting, the board will transact such business as is necessary to complete the conversion as approved and to operate the credit union in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Credit Union Act and NCUA Rules and Regulations.
As of the commencement of operations, the accounting system, records, and forms must conform to the standards established by NCUA. II.E.4--Credit Union's Name
Changing of the credit union's name on all signage, records, accounts, investments, and other documents should be accomplished as soon as possible after conversion. The credit union has 180 days from the effective date of the conversion to change its signage and promotional material. This requires the credit union to discontinue using any remaining stock of ``state credit union'' stationery immediately, and discontinue using credit cards, ATM cards, etc., within 180 days after the effective date of the conversion, or the reissue date, whichever is later. The regional director has the discretion to extend the timeframe for an additional 180 days. Member share drafts with the state-chartered name can be used by the members until depleted. II.E.5--Reports to NCUA
Within 10 business days after commencement of operations, the recently converted federal credit union must submit to the regional director the following:
[sbull] Report of Officials (NCUA 4501); and
[sbull] Financial and Statistical Reports, as of the commencement of business of the federal credit union.
III--Conversion of a Federal Credit Union to a State Credit Union
III.A--General Requirements
Any federal credit union may apply to convert to a state credit union. In order to do so, it must:
[sbull] Notify NCUA prior to commencing the process to convert to a state charter and state the reason(s) for the conversion;
[sbull] Comply with the requirements of Section 125 of the Federal Credit Union Act that enable it to convert to a state credit union and to cease being a federal credit union; and
[sbull] Comply with applicable state law and the requirements of the state regulator.
It is important that the credit union provide an accurate disclosure of the reasons for the conversion. These reasons should be stated in specific terms, not as generalities. The federal credit union converting to a state charter remains responsible for the entire operating fee for the year in which it converts.
III.B--Special Provisions Regarding Federal Share Insurance
If the federal credit union intends to continue federal share insurance after the conversion to a state credit union, it must submit an Application for Insurance of Accounts (NCUA 9600) to the regional director at the time it requests approval of the conversion proposal. The regional director has the authority to approve or disapprove the application.
If the converting federal credit union does not intend to continue federal share insurance or if its application for continued insurance is denied, insurance will cease in accordance with the provisions of Section 206 of the Federal Credit Union Act.
If, upon its conversion to a state credit union, the federal credit union will be terminating its federal share insurance or converting from federal to non-federal share insurance, it must comply with the membership notice and voting procedures set forth in Section 206 of the Federal Credit Union Act and Part 708 of NCUA's Rules and Regulations, and address the criteria set forth in Section 205(c) of the Federal Credit Union Act.
Where the state credit union will be non-federally insured, federal insurance ceases on the effective date of the charter conversion. If it will be otherwise uninsured, then federal insurance will cease one year after the date of conversion subject to the restrictions in Section 206(d)(1) of the Federal Credit Union Act. In either case, the state credit union will be entitled to a refund of the federal credit union's NCUSIF capitalization deposit after the final date on which any of its shares are federally insured.
The NCUA Board reserves the right to delay the refund of the capitalization deposit for up to one year if it determines that payment would jeopardize the NCUSIF.
III.C--Submission of Conversion Proposal to NCUA
Upon approval of a proposition for conversion by a majority vote of the board of directors at a meeting held in accordance with the federal credit union's bylaws, the conversion proposal will be submitted to the regional director and will include:
[sbull] A current financial report;
[sbull] A current delinquent loan schedule;
[sbull] An explanation and appropriate documents relative to any changes in insurance of member accounts;
[sbull] A resolution of the board of directors;
[sbull] A proposed Notice of Special Meeting of the Members (NCUA 4221);
[sbull] A copy of the ballot to be sent to all members (NCUA 4506);
[sbull] If the credit union intends to continue with federal share insurance, an application for insurance of accounts (NCUA 9600);
[sbull] Evidence that the state regulator is in agreement with the conversion proposal; and
[sbull] A statement of reasons supporting the request to convert.
III.D--Approval of Proposal To Convert
III.D.1--Review by the Regional Director
The proposal will be reviewed to determine that it is complete and is in
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compliance with Section 125 of the Federal Credit Union Act. The regional director may make further investigation into the proposal and require the submission of additional information to support the request. III.D.2--Conditions to the Approval
The regional director will specify any special conditions that the credit union must meet in order to proceed with the conversion. III.D.3--Approval by the Regional Director
The proposal will be approved by the regional director if it is in compliance with Section 125 and, in the case where the state credit union will no longer be federally insured, the notice and voting requirements of Section 206 of the Federal Credit Union Act. III.D.4--Notification
The regional director will notify both the credit union and the state regulator of the decision on the proposal. III.D.5--NCUA Disapproval
When NCUA disapproves any application to convert to a state charter, the applicant will be informed in writing of the:
[sbull] Specific reasons for the action;
[sbull] If appropriate, options or suggestions that could be considered for gaining approval; and
[sbull] Appeal procedures. III.D.6--Appeal of Regional Director Decision
If the regional director denies a conversion to a state charter, the applicant credit union may appeal the decision to the NCUA Board. An appeal must be sent to the appropriate regional office within 60 days of the date of denial and must address the specific reason(s) for the denial. The regional director will then forward the appeal to the NCUA Board. NCUA central office staff will make an independent review of the facts and present the appeal to the NCUA Board with a recommendation.
Before appealing, the credit union may, within 30 days of the denial, provide supplemental information to the regional director for reconsideration. The request will not be considered as an appeal, but a request for reconsideration by the regional director. The regional director will have 30 business days from the date of the receipt of the request for reconsideration to make a final decision. If the application is again denied, the credit union may proceed with the appeal process to the NCUA Board within 60 days of the date of the last denial by the regional director.
III.E--Approval of Proposal by Members
The members may not vote on the proposal until it is approved by the regional director. Once approval of the proposal is received, the following actions will be taken by the board of directors:
[sbull] The proposal must be submitted to the members for approval and a date set for a meeting to vote on the proposal. The proposal may be acted on at the annual meeting or at a special meeting for that purpose. The members must also be given the opportunity to vote by written ballot to be filed by the date set for the meeting.
[sbull] Members must be given advance notice (NCUA 4221) of the meeting at which the proposal is to be submitted. The notice must:
[sbull] Specify the purpose, time and place of the meeting;
[sbull] Include a brief, complete, and accurate statement of the reasons for and against the proposed conversion, including any effects it could have upon share holdings, insurance of member accounts, and the policies and practices of the credit union;
[sbull]Specify the costs of the conversion, i.e., changing the credit union's name, examination and operating fees, attorney and consulting fees, tax liability, etc.;
[sbull] Inform the members that they have the right to vote on the proposal at the meeting, or by written ballot to be filed not later than the date and time announced for the annual meeting, or at the special meeting called for that purpose;
[sbull] Be accompanied by a Federal to State Conversion--Ballot for Conversion Proposal (NCUA 4506); and
[sbull] State in bold face type that the issue will be decided by a majority of members who vote.
[sbull] The proposed conversion must be approved by a majority of all of the members who vote on the proposal, a quorum being present, in order for the credit union to proceed further with the proposition, provided federal insurance is maintained. If the proposed state- chartered credit union will not be federally insured, 20 percent of the total membership must participate in the voting, and of those, a majority must vote in favor of the proposal. Ballots cast by members who did not attend the meeting but who submitted their ballots in accordance with instructions above will be counted with votes cast at the meeting. In order to have a suitable record of the vote, the voting at the meeting should be by written ballot as well.
[sbull] The board of directors shall, within 10 days, certify the results of the membership vote to the regional director. The statement shall be verified by affidavits of the Chief Executive Officer and the Recording Officer on NCUA 4505.
III.F--Compliance With State Laws
If the proposal for conversion is approved by a majority of all members who voted, the board of directors will:
[sbull] Ensure that all requirements of state law and the state regulator have been accommodated;
[sbull] Ensure that the state charter or the license has been received within 90 days from the date the members approved the proposal to convert; and
[sbull] Ensure that the regional director is kept informed as to progress toward conversion and of any material delay or of substantial difficulties which may be encountered.
If the conversion cannot be completed within the 90-day period, the regional director should be informed of the reasons for the delay. The regional director may set a new date for the conversion to be completed.
III.G--Completion of Conversion
In order for the conversion to be completed, the following steps are necessary:
[sbull] The board of directors will submit a copy of the state charter to the regional director within 10 days of its receipt. This will be accompanied by the federal charter and the federal insurance certificate. A copy of the financial reports as of the preceding month- end should be submitted at this time.
[sbull] The regional director will notify the credit union and the state regulator in writing of the receipt of evidence that the credit union has been authorized to operate as a state credit union.
[sbull] The credit union shall cease to be a federal credit union as of the effective date of the state charter.
[sbull] If the regional director finds a material deviation from the provisions that would invalidate any steps taken in the conversion, the credit union and the state regulator shall be promptly notified in writing. This notice may be either before or after the copy of the state charter is filed with the regional director. The notice will inform the credit union as to the nature of the adverse findings. The conversion will not be effective and completed until the improper actions and steps have been corrected.
[[Page 18366]]
[sbull] Upon ceasing to be a federal credit union, the credit union shall no longer be subject to any of the provisions of the Federal Credit Union Act, except as may apply if federal share insurance coverage is continued. The successor state credit union shall be immediately vested with all of the assets and shall continue to be responsible for all of the obligations of the federal credit union to the same extent as though the conversion had not taken place. Operation of the credit union from this point will be in accordance with the requirements of state law and the state regulator.
[sbull] If the regional director is satisfied that the conversion has been accomplished in accordance with the approved proposal, the federal charter will be canceled.
[sbull] There is no federal requirement for closing the records of the federal credit union at the time of conversion or for the manner in which the records shall be maintained thereafter. The converting credit union is advised to contact the state regulator for applicable state requirements.
[sbull] The credit union shall neither use the words ``Federal Credit Union'' in its name nor represent itself in any manner as being a federal credit union.
[sbull] Changing of the credit union's name on all signage, records, accounts, investments, and other documents should be accomplished as soon as possible after conversion. Unless it violates state law, the credit union has 180 days from the effective date of the conversion to change its signage and promotional material. This requires the credit union to discontinue using any remaining stock of ``federal credit union'' stationery immediately, and discontinue using credit cards, ATM cards, etc., within 180 days after the effective date of the conversion, or the reissue date, whichever is later. The regional director has the discretion to extend the timeframe for an additional 180 days. Member share drafts with the federal chartered name can be used by the members until depleted. If the state credit union is not federally insured, it must change its name and must immediately cease using any credit union documents referencing federal insurance.
[sbull] If the state credit union is to be federally insured, the regional director will issue a new insurance certificate.
BILLING CODE 7535-01-P
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[FR Doc. 03-8721 Filed 4-14-03; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7535-01-C
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