Change to County Equivalents in the State of Connecticut

As Enacted ( Federal Register)

Cited authorities 1

Cited in

Published date	14 December 2020
Citation	85 FR 80766
Record Number	2020-27459
Section	Notices
Court	Census Bureau

80766

Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 240 / Monday, December 14, 2020 / Notices

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Census Bureau

[Docket Number 201105–0290]

Change to County Equivalents in the

State of Connecticut

AGENCY

: Bureau of the Census,

Commerce.

ACTION

: Notice of proposed program and

request for comments.

SUMMARY

: This notice provides

information about the State of

Connecticut’s (hereafter Connecticut or

the State) formal request to the Bureau

of the Census (hereafter, Census Bureau)

to adopt the State’s nine planning

regions as the county equivalent

geographic unit for purposes of

collecting, tabulating, and disseminating

statistical data, replacing the eight

counties, which ceased to function as

governmental and administrative

entities in 1960. The Census Bureau

proposes to implement this change in

2023. The Census Bureau is publishing

this Notice to inform users of county-

level data of the proposed change and

is requesting information related to

potential impacts of this change. The

Census Bureau and the State of

Connecticut will use this information to

reach a final decision regarding whether

to implement this change to the county

equivalents in Connecticut as well as

the timing of implementation.

DATES

: Written comments on this notice

must be submitted on or before February

12, 2021.

ADDRESSES

: Please direct all written

comments on this proposed program to

Vincent Osier, Geographic Standards,

Criteria, and Quality Branch, Geography

Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Room

4H173, 4600 Silver Hill Road,

Washington, DC 20233–7400. Email:

geo.geography@census.gov. Phone: 301–

763–1128.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

Requests for additional information on

this proposed program should be

directed to Vincent Osier, Geographic

Standards, Criteria, and Quality Branch,

Geography Division, U.S. Census

Bureau, Room 4H173, 4600 Silver Hill

Road, Washington, DC 20233–7400.

Email: Vincent.osier@census.gov.

Phone: 301–763–9039 or 301–763–1128.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

: This

notice provides information about the

State of Connecticut’s formal request to

the Census Bureau to adopt the State’s

nine planning regions, designated under

Section 16a–4a(4) of the Connecticut

General Statutes, as the county-

equivalent geographic unit for purposes

of collecting, tabulating, and

disseminating statistical data. The

Census Bureau seeks information and

comments related to the impact that

adoption of planning regions as county

equivalents might have on data analysis,

planning and decision making, and

program implementation; specifically,

(1) are there data collection and

tabulation programs or nonstatistical

programs that will not be able to

implement this change; (2) will the

proposed change in county equivalents

pose such a substantial break in data

continuity that longitudinal analyses are

not possible; and (3) are there specific

programs and other uses of county-level

information in which continued

reference to the more familiar current

counties is advisable and preferred?

The Census Bureau strives to provide

statistical data for geographic areas that

are meaningful and relevant to analysis

and decision-making. In Connecticut,

nine councils of governments (COGs)

exist to address matters of mutual

interest to their constituent cities and

towns, with each city and town

represented by its municipal chief

elected official. Connecticut’s counties

ceased to function as governmental and

administrative entities in 1960.

The nine COGs function as regional

planning organizations, coordinating

activities for their constituent cities and

towns, and in that capacity can exercise

a variety of responsibilities typically

undertaken by counties in other states.

As such, the planning regions are more

meaningful and relevant areas for

tabulation and dissemination of

statistical data within Connecticut as

well as for regional and national county

comparisons, than are the eight

counties. The Census Bureau proposes

to implement this change in 2023, and

use the new county equivalents when

reporting demographic and economic

statistical data referenced to 2023 and

all years thereafter.

Background

Officials with the Connecticut Office

of Policy and Management contacted the

Census Bureau in October 2017

regarding the possibility of replacing the

State’s eight counties with the State’s

nine planning regions for purposes of

collecting, tabulating, and disseminating

statistical data. Connecticut officials

noted that cities and towns, not

counties, are the primary units of local

government.

Although Connecticut’s eight counties

have long provided stable geographic

units for reporting statistical data, they

have not served as functional

governmental and administrative

entities since county government was

abolished in 1960. The State’s nine

COGs function as regional planning

organizations, coordinating activities for

their constituent cities and towns (note,

however, that in some instances the

name of the planning region differs from

that of its COG). As such, planning

regions provide a more meaningful

geographic unit for reporting data since

the data would be aligned with the

collection of municipalities (i.e., cities

and towns) that constitute the

governance framework for each COG.

Each municipality within a designated

planning region is entitled to

membership in the region’s COG upon

adoption of an ordinance by its

legislative body. The chief elected

official of each member municipality is

then provided a vote on all COG

matters. By reporting statistical data for

COGs, member municipalities will be in

a better position to plan and act

collaboratively and strategically on the

efficient delivery of services, bulk

purchasing, and other matters of

practical interest.

While COGs do not have the authority

to levy taxes, they are authorized under

State law to assess dues on their

member municipalities, to accept other

sources of public and private assistance

for the purpose of providing regional

and shared services, and to administer

a regional property tax base revenue

sharing system if approved by a

unanimous vote of its member

municipalities. In this regard, as well as

the ability to provide the variety of

services listed below, the Connecticut’s

COGs and associated planning regions

have the authority to carry out

administrative functions that are

typically found among counties in other

states. Section 8–31b(b) of the

Connecticut General Statutes states that

Regional services provided to member

municipalities shall be determined by each

regional council of governments . . . and

may include, without limitation, the

following services: (1) Engineering; (2)

inspectional and planning; (3) economic

development; (4) public safety; (5) emergency

management; (6) animal control; (7) land use

management; (8) tourism promotion; (9)

social; (10) health; (11) education; (12) data

management; (13) regional sewerage; (14)

housing; (15) computerized mapping; (16)

household hazardous waste collection; (17)

recycling; (18) public facility siting; (19)

coordination of master planning; (20)

vocational training and development; (21)

solid waste disposal; (22) fire protection; (23)

regional resource protection; (24) regional

impact studies; and (25) transportation.

In the same section, the COGs are

authorized to ‘‘accept or participate in

any grant, donation or program made

available to counties by any other

governmental or private entity.’’

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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 240 / Monday, December 14, 2020 / Notices

Adoption of COGs as county equivalents

will make them eligible to apply for

federal grant programs open to counties.

Scope of Change

Adoption of the nine planning regions

as county equivalents applies to the

collection, tabulation, and

dissemination of Census Bureau

statistical data for Connecticut. The

Census Bureau proposes to implement

this change in 2023, and will use

planning regions in all of its programs

that collect, tabulate, and disseminate

demographic or economic data, such as

the American Community Survey

(ACS), the intercensal Population

Estimates Program, Small Area Income

and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program,

the Economic Census, County Business

Patterns, and the Longitudinal

Employer-Household Dynamics

Program. While other federal agencies

are encouraged to adopt Connecticut’s

planning regions as county equivalents

for use in their statistical and non-

statistical programs, the Census Bureau

does not have the authority to require

such a change. Nevertheless, adoption

of planning regions as county

equivalents will assure comparability of

data produced by all federal agencies as

well as comparability between statistical

and non-statistical programs.

Transitioning From Counties to

Planning Regions

Relationship Between Counties and

Planning Regions

Figure 1 depicts the relationship

between Connecticut’s eight counties

and its nine planning regions. Although

the planning regions and counties do

not align, there is substantial overlap, to

the extent that one can discern the

relationships between individual

planning regions and counties. The

closest relationship is between

Middlesex County and Lower

Connecticut River Valley planning

region, with all 15 of the cities and

towns within the county also located

within the planning region (which also

contains two towns located in New

London County. See Table 2).

Cities and towns are the constituent

governments within each COG/planning

region. As such, data for cities and

towns can be aggregated to planning

regions, facilitating reconstruction of

time series data and longitudinal

analysis. Table 1 provides the 2010

Census population and the 2019

estimated population for each planning

region, based on aggregated data for

constituent cities and towns.

Source: https://www.census.gov/data/

tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-

total-cities-and-towns.html

ABLE

1—P

LANNING

EGION

OPULATION

: 2010

AND

2019

Planning region 2010 Census

population

2019

Population

estimate

Capitol ...................................................................................................................................................................... 973,959 969,831

Greater Bridgeport ................................................................................................................................................... 318,004 320,921

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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 240 / Monday, December 14, 2020 / Notices

ABLE

1—P

LANNING

EGION

OPULATION

: 2010

AND

2019—Continued

Planning region 2010 Census

population

2019

Population

estimate

Lower Connecticut River Valley .............................................................................................................................. 175,686 172,058

Naugatuck Valley ..................................................................................................................................................... 448,738 442,869

Northeastern Connecticut ........................................................................................................................................ 96,617 95,570

Northwest Hills ......................................................................................................................................................... 115,247 110,102

South Central Connecticut ....................................................................................................................................... 570,001 566,579

Southeastern Connecticut ....................................................................................................................................... 286,711 277,635

Western Connecticut ............................................................................................................................................... 589,135 609,722

Table 2 provides the number of cities

and towns within each of the eight counties and the number within

corresponding planning regions, further illustrating the overlap between

counties and planning regions.

ABLE

2—D

ISTRIBUTION OF

ITIES AND

OWNS WITHIN

OUNTIES AND

LANNING

EGIONS

County Cities and

towns in

county

Cities and towns within planning regions

Capitol Greater

bridgeport Lower CT river

valley Naugatuck val-

ley Northeastern

CT NW Hills South central

CT Southeastern

CT Western CT

Fairfield .................. 23 ........................ 6 ........................ 1 ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ 16

Hartford ................. 29 26 ........................ ........................ 1 ........................ 2

Litchfield ................ 26 ........................ ........................ ........................ 5 ........................ 19 ........................ ........................ 2

Middle-sex ............. 15 ........................ ........................ 15

New Haven ............ 27 ........................ ........................ ........................ 12 ........................ ........................ 15

New London .......... 21 ........................ ........................ 2 ........................ 1 ........................ ........................ 18

Tolland ................... 13 12 ........................ ........................ ........................ 1

Wind-ham .............. 15 ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ 14 ........................ ........................ 1

Total ............... 169 38 6 17 19 16 21 15 19 18

Using the distribution of cities and

towns within counties and planning

regions as a guide, Table 3 presents the

approximate relationship between

counties and planning regions, which

could be used when building

longitudinal data for geographic areas

for which counties and county

equivalents are building blocks if

component city- and town-level data

were not available.

ABLE

3—C

OUNTIES

-P

LANNING

EGIONS

PPROXIMATION

County 2018 County

population

estimate Planning region

2019 Planning

region

population

estimate

Fairfield ............................................ ........................ Greater Bridgeport ..................................................................................... 320,921

943,823 Western Connecticut ................................................................................. 609,722ROW≤

Hartford ............................................ 892,697 Capitol ....................................................................................................... 969,831

Tolland ............................................. 150,921

Litchfield ........................................... 181,111 Northwest Hills .......................................................................................... 110,102

Middlesex ......................................... 162,682 Lower Connecticut River Valley ................................................................ 172,058

New Haven ...................................... 857,620 Naugatuck Valley ...................................................................................... 442,869

South Central Connecticut ........................................................................ 566,579

New London ..................................... 266,784 Southeastern Connecticut ......................................................................... 277,635

Windham .......................................... 117,027 Northeastern Connecticut .......................................................................... 95,570

To assist with transitioning from

counties to planning regions and to

assist with development of longitudinal

data for the new county equivalents, the

Census Bureau will produce and make

available reference files identifying the

cities and towns that constitute each

planning region. This will facilitate

aggregation of data from decennial

censuses, the ACS, the intercensal

Population Estimates Program, SAIPE,

the Economic Census, and the

Longitudinal Employer-Household

Dynamics Program, all of which collect,

tabulate, and disseminate data for cities

and towns in Connecticut. In addition,

the Census Bureau will produce and

make available other reference files,

identifying the relationships between

various sub-state and sub-county

geographic areas and the planning

regions.

Upon adoption of this change, the

Census Bureau will include planning

regions in all geospatial data products,

including TIGER/Line shapefiles,

TIGER/Line geodatabases, cartographic

boundary files, and mapping services.

Each planning region will be assigned

a three-digit Federal Information

Processing Series (FIPS) code, starting

with 017, and continuing in

alphabetical order by name (Table 4).

Codes 001 through 015 will continue to

reference the eight counties but will be

retired. Each planning region also will

be assigned an eight-digit American

National Standards Institute (ANSI)

code and will be included in the U.S.

Board on Geographic Names’

Geographic Names Information System.

In addition, the Census Bureau will

work with the State of Connecticut to

determine the appropriate FIPS class

code, functional status code, and other

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80769

Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 240 / Monday, December 14, 2020 / Notices

codes that describe the attributes of the

planning regions. The FIPS codes, ANSI codes, and attribute codes will be

included in Census Bureau geographic reference products when this proposed

change is adopted.

ABLE

4—P

LANNING

EGION

AMES

, L

EGAL

TATISTICAL

REA

ESCRIPTION

AND

EDERAL

NFORMATION

ROCESSING

ERIES

(FIPS) C

ODES

Name FIPS state-

county code

Capitol Planning Region ...................................................................................................................................................................... 09017

Greater Bridgeport Planning Region ................................................................................................................................................... 09019

Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region ............................................................................................................................... 09021

Naugatuck Valley Planning Region ..................................................................................................................................................... 09023

Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region ........................................................................................................................................ 09025

Northwest Hills Planning Region ......................................................................................................................................................... 09027

South Central Connecticut Planning Region ....................................................................................................................................... 09029

Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region ........................................................................................................................................ 09031

Western Connecticut Planning Region ................................................................................................................................................ 09033

Relationship to Other Statistical

Geographic Entities

The Census Bureau accounted for the

change from counties to planning

regions when implementing the

Participant Statistical Areas Program

(PSAP) for the 2020 Census, the

program in which the Census Bureau

works with local officials to review and

update block groups and census tracts.

The planning regions were the official

PSAP participants in Connecticut for

both the 2010 and 2020 censuses, thus

ensuring that census tracts and block

groups generally aligned with city and

town boundaries, facilitating transition

to the new county equivalents. The

Census Bureau further reviewed block

group and census tract boundaries for

the 2020 Census to ensure alignment

with planning region boundaries. As a

result, the change to county equivalents

in Connecticut will not affect block

group and census tract boundaries. Both

types of entities will nest within

planning region boundaries.

The adoption of planning regions as

county equivalents will affect the

delineation of Metropolitan and

Micropolitan Statistical Areas as well as

Combined Statistical Areas by the Office

of Management and Budget. Areas

delineated based on 2020 Census and

2016–2020 ACS 5-year data will reflect

the new county equivalents. New

England City and Town Areas (NECTAs)

and combined NECTAs are not affected

by this change.

Timeline

The Census Bureau proposes to

implement adoption of the nine

planning regions as county equivalents

in 2023 and include the planning

regions in all geospatial and statistical

data products referenced to 2023 and

each year thereafter.

Officials with the State of

Connecticut’s Office of Policy and

Management contacted the Census

Bureau in October 2017 regarding the

process they should follow in order to

adopt the State’s nine planning regions

as county equivalents. At that time,

Census Bureau staff advised that

officials first obtain broad data user

support throughout the State, including

from other State agencies, the State Data

Center, as well as the planning regions.

Once broad support for the change was

achieved, a formal request addressed to

the Census Bureau’s Director was

needed for the Census Bureau to take

formal steps toward adoption of the

nine planning regions as county

equivalents. The State’s formal request

was received by the Census Bureau in

August 2019. The State also submitted

a letter of support from the Connecticut

Data Collaborative/State Data Center

attesting to the importance and value of

data for planning regions to analysts,

decision makers, and other data users

throughout Connecticut as well as broad

support for the change among data users

throughout the State. In addition,

members of Connecticut’s Congressional

Delegation, chairs of each of the State’s

nine COGs, and officials from the

Connecticut Conference of

Municipalities, Council of Small Towns,

and the Advisory Commission on

Intergovernmental Relations were

copied on the State’s letter to the Census

Bureau. The Census Bureau held a

meeting with Connecticut State and

local government officials, state agency

staff, and COG chairs in April 2020 to

provide an update on outreach

regarding the proposed change; meeting

participants reiterated the importance

of, and support for, adoption of the

State’s nine planning regions as county

equivalents.

The Census Bureau began outreach to

other federal agencies and data users

regarding this change in October 2019,

following the State of Connecticut’s

formal request to replace its eight

counties with the nine planning regions.

The Census Bureau has held seven

briefings for federal agency staff: one for

the Interagency Council on Statistical

Policy; two organized by the Federal

Committee on Statistical Methodology-

Geospatial Interest Group; two for

Department of Housing and Urban

Development staff, including staff

managing the Community Development

Block Grant and other funding

programs; one for Bureau of Labor

Statistics staff; and one organized by the

US Department of Transportation

attended by federal, state, and local

transportation planners. This Notice

serves as the formal process by which

the Census Bureau is announcing the

intended change and through which it

will gather formal comments.

Following completion of the formal

period of comment associated with this

Notice, the Census Bureau, in

consultation with officials with the

State of Connecticut, will review

comments received and reach a final

decision regarding whether to

implement adoption of the nine

planning regions as county equivalents.

ABLE

4—T

IMELINE OF

CTIVITIES

Activity Dates

Officials from the State of Connecticut’s Office of Policy and Management contact Census Bureau regarding pro-

posed adoption of planning regions as county equivalents. October 2017.

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ABLE

4—T

IMELINE OF

CTIVITIES

—Continued

Activity Dates

Office of Policy and Management staff conduct outreach at the State-level to obtain consensus for change ............ November 2017–March

2019.

Formal request from the State of Connecticut to the Census Bureau’s Director regarding adoption of planning re-

gions as county equivalents. August 2019.

Census Bureau outreach to federal agencies and other data users ............................................................................ September 2019–present.

Federal Register Notice announcing the Census Bureau’s proposed implementation of the change in county

equivalents. Fall 2020.

Census Bureau, in consultation with the State of Connecticut, issues final decision regarding adoption of planning

regions as county equivalents. Summer 2021.

Steven D. Dillingham, Director,

Bureau of the Census, approved the

publication of this Notice in the Federal

Dated: December 9, 2020.

Sheleen Dumas,

Department PRA Clearance Officer, Office of

the Chief Information Officer, Commerce

Department.

[FR Doc. 2020–27459 Filed 12–11–20; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3510–07–P

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Census Bureau

Agency Information Collection

Activities; Submission to the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) for

Review and Approval; Comment

Request; Annual Capital Expenditures

Survey

The Department of Commerce will

submit the following information

collection request to the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) for

review and clearance in accordance

with the Paperwork Reduction Act of

1995, on or after the date of publication

of this notice. We invite the general

public and other Federal agencies to

comment on proposed, and continuing

information collections, which helps us

assess the impact of our information

collection requirements and minimize

the public’s reporting burden. Public

comments were previously requested

via the Federal Register on September

10, 2020 during a 60-day comment

period. This notice allows for an

additional 30 days for public comments.

Agency: U.S. Census Bureau.

Title: Annual Capital Expenditures

Survey.

OMB Control Number: 0607–0782.

Form Number(s): ACE–1(L), ACE–

1(M), ACE–1(S), ACE–2.

Type of Request: Regular submission,

Request for a Revision of a Currently

Approved Collection.

Number of Respondents: 70,127.

Average Hours per Response: 2.69.

Burden Hours: 188,787.

Needs and Uses: A major concern of

economic policymakers is the adequacy

of investment in plant and equipment.

Data on the amount of business

expenditures for new plants and

equipment and measures of the stock of

existing facilities are critical to

evaluating productivity growth, the

ability of U.S. business to compete with

foreign business, changes in industrial

capacity, and overall economic

performance. The ACES is the sole

source of detailed comprehensive

statistics on investment in buildings and

other structures, machinery, and

equipment by private nonfarm

businesses in the United States.

This request is for a revision to the

currently approved collection and will

cover the 2020 through 2022 ACES

(conducted in years 2021 through 2023).

Changes from the previous ACES

authorization are the collection of

content related to the Coronavirus

Pandemic, the presence of robotic

equipment and investment in robotic

equipment by industry segment from

employer businesses, and the amount of

time it took to complete the

nonemployer survey. The detailed

capital expenditures data, collected

every five years, were collected in the

2017 ACES and will be collected again

in the 2022 ACES.

Affected Public: Business or other for-

profit organizations.

Frequency: Annually.

Respondent’s Obligation: Mandatory.

Legal Authority: Title 13 of the United

States Code, Sections 131 and 182.

Sections 224 and 225 of Title 13 make

this survey mandatory.

This information collection request

may be viewed at www.reginfo.gov.

Follow the instructions to view the

Department of Commerce collections

currently under review by OMB.

Written comments and

recommendations for the proposed

information collection should be

submitted within 30 days of the

publication of this notice on the

following website www.reginfo.gov/

public/do/PRAMain. Find this

particular information collection by

selecting ‘‘Currently under 30-day

Review—Open for Public Comments’’ or

by using the search function and

entering either the title of the collection

or the OMB Control Number 0607–0782.

Sheleen Dumas,

Department PRA Clearance Officer, Office of

the Chief Information Officer, Commerce

Department.

[FR Doc. 2020–27462 Filed 12–11–20; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3510–07–P

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Foreign-Trade Zones Board

[S–217–2020]

Foreign-Trade Zone 22—Chicago,

Illinois; Application for Subzone

Expansion; Abbott Laboratories,

Itasca, Illinois

An application has been submitted to

the Foreign-Trade Zones (FTZ) Board by

the Illinois International Port District,

grantee of FTZ 22, requesting an

expansion of Subzone 22F on behalf of

Abbott Laboratories (Abbott), located in

Itasca, Illinois. The application was

submitted pursuant to the provisions of

the Foreign-Trade Zones Act, as

amended (19 U.S.C. 81a-81u), and the

regulations of the FTZ Board (15 CFR

part 400). It was formally docketed on

December 8, 2020.

Subzone 22F currently consists of the

following sites: Site 2 (480 acres)—One

Abbott Park Road, North Chicago; Site 3

(129 acres)—Atkinson Road, North

Chicago; Site 4 (42 acres) 22nd Street,

North Chicago; Site 5 (17 acres)—1300

East Touhy, Des Plaines; and, Site 7 (1.4

acres)—1800 Brummel Avenue, Elk

Grove Village.

The proposed expansion would add

an additional site to the subzone:

Proposed Site 8 (5.64 acres)—1015 West

Devon Avenue, Itasca, DuPage County.

No authorization for expanded

production activity has been requested

at this time. The subzone will be subject

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Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see the revised versions of legislation with amendments.

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Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see any amendments made to the case.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see a visualisation of a case and its relationships to other cases. An alternative to lists of cases, the Precedent Map makes it easier to establish which ones may be of most relevance to your research and prioritise further reading. You also get a useful overview of how the case was received.

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Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Subscribers are able to see the list of results connected to your document through the topics and citations Vincent found.

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Request your trial

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
Thousands of Data Sources

Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
Find What You Need, Quickly

Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
Over 2 million registered users

Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.

Change to County Equivalents in the State of Connecticut

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users

You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.

Why Sign-up to vLex?

Over 100 Countries

Thousands of Data Sources

Find What You Need, Quickly

Over 2 million registered users