Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act: identifying information; actual and maximum capacity for content inception, requirements,
[Federal Register: March 12, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 48)]
[Notices]
[Page 12217-12310]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr12mr98-122]
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Part III
Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Implementation of Section 104 of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act; Notice
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Implementation of Section 104 of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
AGENCY: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
ACTION: Final notice of capacity.
SUMMARY: The FBI is providing the Final Notice of the requirements for actual and maximum capacity for the interception of the content of communications and call-identifying information that telecommunications carriers may be required to effect to support law enforcement's electronic surveillance needs, as mandated in section 104 of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) (Public Law 103-414, 47 U.S.C. 1001-1010). On October 16, 1995, the FBI published an Initial Notice of Capacity for comment (60 FR 53643); and on November 9, 1995, the comment period was extended until January 16, 1996. After reviewing the comments received, the FBI published the Second Notice of Capacity on January 14, 1997, for comment (62 FR 1902). Comments were accepted on the Second Notice of Capacity through March 15, 1997. After reviewing the comments received, the FBI is issuing this Final Notice of Capacity.
DATES: Effective Date: March 12, 1998.
Compliance Dates:
1. Carrier Statement Submission Compliance: September 8, 1998.
2. Capacity Compliance: March 12, 2001.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: Contact the CALEA Implementation Section, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), P.O. Box 220450, Chantilly, Virginia 20153-0450 or call (800) 551-0336. Please refer to your question as a capacity notice question. The FBI has made this Final Notice of Capacity, as well as its associated appendixes, available on its Internet homepage (http://www.fbi.gov).
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Background
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Purpose of CALEA
On October 25, 1994, President Clinton signed into law the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA). Its objective is to make clear a telecommunications carrier's duty to cooperate with law enforcement with regard to electronic surveillance- related interceptions for law enforcement purposes. (For purposes of this notice, the word ``interception'' is used to refer to either the interception of call content or call-identifying information.) CALEA was enacted to preserve law enforcement's ability, pursuant to court order or other lawful authorization, to access call content and call- identifying information, including information from pen register and traps and traces, in an ever-changing telecommunications environment. On February 24, 1995, the Attorney General delegated management and administration responsibilities of CALEA to the FBI (see 28 CFR 0.85(o)). The FBI is implementing CALEA on behalf of all Federal, State, and local law enforcement.
In 1968, when Congress statutorily authorized court-ordered electronic surveillance, there were no technological limitations on the number of interceptions that could be conducted. However, the onset of new and advanced technologies has begun to erode the ability of the telecommunications industry to support law enforcement's interception needs. In an effort to preserve the ability to conduct interceptions, which is a vital investigative tool, the Congress determined that technological solutions must be employed, thereby necessitating greater levels of assistance from telecommunications carriers.
The intent of CALEA is to define and clarify the level of technical assistance required from telecommunications carriers. CALEA does not alter or expand law enforcement's fundamental statutory authority to intercept communications. It simply seeks to ensure that, after law enforcement obtains legal authority, telecommunications carriers will have the necessary technical ability to fulfill their statutory obligation to accommodate requests for assistance.
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Capacity Notice Mandate
Because many future interceptions will be effected through equipment controlled by telecommunications carriers, CALEA obligates the Attorney General to provide carriers with information they will need (a) to be capable of accommodating the actual number of simultaneous interceptions law enforcement might conduct as of October 25, 1998, and (b) to size and design their networks to accommodate the maximum number of simultaneous interceptions that law enforcement might conduct after October 25, 1998. (Although actual and maximum capacity determinations represent estimates for October 25, 1998, and thereafter, telecommunications carrier compliance with capacity requirements is, by terms of CALEA, required 3 years after the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity.) These two information elements are referred to in CALEA as ``actual'' and ``maximum'' capacity requirements. In accordance with section 104 of CALEA, the FBI, which has been delegated CALEA implementation responsibilities from the Attorney General, on behalf of Federal, State and local law enforcement, must provide notice of estimated future actual and maximum capacity requirements. The statute defines these requirements as follows:
For actual capacity: The actual number of communication interceptions, pen registers, and trap and trace devices, representing a portion of the maximum capacity, that the Attorney General estimates that government agencies authorized to conduct electronic surveillance may conduct and use simultaneously by the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment of CALEA.
For maximum capacity: The maximum capacity required to accommodate all of the communication interceptions, pen registers, and trap and trace devices that the Attorney General estimates that government agencies authorized to conduct electronic surveillance may conduct and use simultaneously after the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment of CALEA.
Although CALEA requires the Attorney General to estimate the actual number of communication interceptions, pen registers, and trap and trace interceptions that may be required simultaneously by the date that is four years after the date of enactment of CALEA (or three years after the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity, whichever is longer) and thereafter, the estimates should not be interpreted as constituting the number of interceptions that law enforcement intends to, or is planning to, conduct. The number of interceptions that will actually be needed will be determined by active authorized law enforcement investigations which require interception efforts.
Under CALEA, telecommunications carriers are required to have an actual capacity available for immediate use on the date that is 3 years after the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity. Maximum capacity, on the other hand, is a capacity level that telecommunications carriers must be able to accommodate ``expeditiously'' if law enforcement needs an increase in the future. The time frame for ``expeditious'' expansion to maximum capacity was not specified in CALEA. However, law enforcement typically maintains ongoing liaison with telecommunications carriers serving their areas. Such liaison will facilitate the needed technical capability and capacity to be prearranged, thereby ensuring that the interception can begin
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as soon as the lawful authorization is received. Such liaison is critical because electronic surveillance interceptions are by their very nature time sensitive. Law enforcement considers 5 business days from a telecommunications carrier's receipt of a court order to be a reasonable period of time within which to permit an incremental expansion up to the maximum capacity. This time frame is based on past practice as to the time typically involved under existing procedures used by law enforcement and telecommunications carriers to make technical interception arrangements.
The term ``expeditious,'' as used herein, applies to section 104 capacity requirements regarding incremental expansion up to the maximum capacity. It should not be confused with ``expeditious access'' to call content and call-identifying information as used in section 103 of CALEA, which pertains to the assistance capability requirements.
Law enforcement has interpreted the maximum capacity chiefly as a requirement that telecommunications carriers will follow to determine a capacity ceiling. This ceiling is intended to provide telecommunications carriers with a stable framework for cost- effectively designing future capacity into their networks. It also would provide room for accommodating future interception-related ``worst-case scenarios.'' Establishing the maximum capacity will allow telecommunications carriers to assist law enforcement during serious, unpredictable emergencies requiring unusual levels of interception.
Consistent with CALEA, this Final Notice of Capacity identifies the number of simultaneous interceptions that a telecommunications carrier should be able to accommodate in a given geographic area as of the date that is 3 years after the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity and thereafter. An ``interception'' relates to accessing and delivering all communications (call content) or call-identifying information associated with the telecommunications service of the subject specified in a court order or other lawful authorization. The telecommunications service targeted for interception includes all of the services and features associated with the subject's wireline/ wireless telephone number, or as otherwise specified in the court order or lawful authorization.
For a call content-based ``interception'', a carrier is responsible for accessing and delivering all communications and call-identifying information supported by the subject's telecommunications service. This is the case regardless of the advanced services or features to which the subject subscribes (e.g., call forwarding used to redirect a call); and notwithstanding that the subject may be engaged in more than one communication (e.g., a subject is engaged in a voice telephone call and simultaneously sends a fax or data transmission, or a subject is engaged with several (different) parties in a conference call and simultaneously communicates with a non-conferenced party). For interceptions of call-identifying information (e.g., pen registers and trap and trace device-based interceptions), a carrier is responsible for accessing and delivering all call-identifying information related to the communications that is generated or received by the subject, regardless of the advanced services or features to which the subject subscribes.
The fact that a subject utilizes advanced services and features as part of his/her telecommunications service or is capable of sending or receiving more than one communication simultaneously does not mean that carrier access and delivery of each constitutes a separate interception. Consequently, telecommunications carriers need to ensure that, regardless of their solutions (which may be varied), the solution permits access and delivery of all of the communications or call- identifying information for each interception as specified by the interception order. Because of this circumstance, and because CALEA forbids the Government from dictating solutions, law enforcement will be available to consult and work with carriers as they develop solutions.
In some instances a telecommunications carrier may be able to meet the assistance capability requirements without modifying its equipment, facilities, or services. As a practical matter, conventional methods of effectuating interceptions of call content and call-identifying information, such as loop extender technologies, may meet the requirements of CALEA for some subjects of court-ordered interceptions, depending on the types of services and features to which the subject subscribes. Telecommunications carriers that presently meet these requirements under the circumstances described above will be in compliance until their equipment, facilities, or services are replaced or significantly upgraded or otherwise undergo major modification. Furthermore, telecommunications carriers that cannot meet the assistance capability requirements may still be considered to be in compliance if the Government does not agree to reimburse such carriers for modifications to equipment, facilities, and services installed or deployed on or before January 1, 1995. Such carriers will continue to be in compliance with CALEA until such time as their equipment, facilities, or services are significantly upgraded, replaced, or otherwise undergo major modification.
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Initial Notice of Capacity
On October 16, 1995, law enforcement's proposed estimated future actual and maximum capacity requirements were presented in an Initial Notice of Capacity published in the Federal Register as mandated by section 104 of CALEA. On November 9, 1995 the industry comment period was extended until January 16, 1996. The Initial Notice and the comments on it were summarized in Section V of the Second Notice of Capacity, published in the Federal Register on January 14, 1997 (62 FR 1902).
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Second Notice of Capacity
Following the release of the Initial Notice of Capacity, law enforcement consulted with telecommunications industry representatives, privacy advocates, and other interested parties to receive feedback on the method used to express estimated future actual and maximum capacity requirements. This consultative process assisted law enforcement in understanding the challenges facing the industry and others in applying the capacity requirements. After deliberation, law enforcement refined its approach of defining capacity requirements and issued a Second Notice of Capacity, published in the Federal Register on January 14, 1997 (62 FR 1902) to more fully articulate estimated future actual and maximum capacity requirements. Comments on the Second Notice of Capacity were accepted through March 15, 1997. The comments and the responses to the comments filedregarding the Second Notice of Capacity are summarized in Section VII of this notice. After the publication of the Second Notice of Capacity, law enforcement received comments and recommendations from telecommunications industry representatives, privacy advocates, and other interested parties on the method used to express future actual and maximum capacity requirements.
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Final Notice of Capacity
This Final Notice of Capacity is being issued after careful consideration of the submitted comments to the Second Notice of Capacity. During a pre-publication review, the Government
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determined that for some purposes this Final Notice of Capacity had the force and effect of a rule, therefore certain administrative and regulatory requirements needed to be met prior to publication. This notice fulfills the obligations of the Attorney General under section 104(a)(1) of CALEA. As mandated by section 104(d), telecommunications carriers have 180 days after the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity to submit a Carrier Statement to the Government identifying any of their systems or services that do not have the interception capacity set forth in this Final Notice of Capacity to accommodate CALEA's section 103 requirements.
CALEA applies to all telecommunications carriers as defined in section 102(8). Capacity notices will eventually be issued covering all telecommunications carriers. However, this Final Notice of Capacity should be viewed as the first phase applicable to telecommunications carriers offering services that are of most immediate concern to law enforcement--that is, those telecommunications carriers offering local exchange services and certain commercial mobile radio services, specifically cellular service and personal communications service (PCS). For the purpose of this notice, PCS is considered a service operating in the licensed portion of the 2 GHz band of the electromagnetic spectrum, from 1850 MHz to 1990 MHz. Telecommunications carriers offering local exchange services are referred to hereafter in this notice as ``wireline'' carriers, and telecommunications carriers offering cellular and PCS services are referred to as ``wireless'' carriers.
Generally speaking, resellers of telecommunications services (``resellers'') lease some portion of a host carrier's facilities which allows the transmission or switching of wireline, wireless or other electronic communications. Resellers holding themselves out for hire to the public in the provision of telecommunications services subjects resellers, as telecommunication carriers under CALEA, to the obligations of CALEA. For purposes of this Notice of Capacity, law enforcement believes that a reseller and its host carrier can be treated collectively, as a single entity, given their common utilization of network equipment, facilities, and services to which CALEA addresses itself. This Notice of Capacity does not address resellers' and host carriers' independent obligations to ensure compliance with other provisions within CALEA.
The exclusion from this notice of certain other telecommunications carriers that have services deployed currently or anticipate deploying services in the near term does not exempt them from any obligations under CALEA. Law enforcement will consult with these other telecommunications carriers before applicable capacity requirements are established and subsequent notices are issued. Law enforcement looks forward to consulting with these other telecommunications carriers to develop a reasonable method for characterizing capacity requirements for them.
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Applicable Administrative Procedures and Executive Orders
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Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
The Final Notice of Capacity is not a major rule as defined by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA),‹SUP›1‹/SUP› based upon an assessment that this Final Notice of Capacity will not have an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more; will not cause a major increase in costs or prices; and will not result in a significant adverse effect on competition, employment, investment, productivity, and innovation, or on the ability of United States-based companies to compete with foreign-based companies in domestic and export markets.
\1\ See Subtitle II of the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-121, 110 Stat. 847 (1996).
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Executive Order 12612
The Final Notice of Capacity will not have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with Executive Order 12612, it has been determined that this notice does not create sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism Assessment.
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Information Collection
The Final Notice of Capacity contains no information collection or recordkeeping requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). Section V of this notice details the information collection requirement associated with the Carrier Statement to be submitted by carriers.
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Executive Order 12988
The Final Notice of Capacity meets the applicable standards set forth in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform.
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Executive Order 12866
This Final Notice of Capacity has been drafted and reviewed in accordance with Executive Order 12866, Sec. 1(b), Principles of Regulation. It has been determined that this notice is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866, Sec. 3(f), Regulatory Planning and Review and, in particular, that this notice will neither have an annual economic impact on the economy in excess of $100,000,000, nor will it economically impact State and local governments.‹SUP›2‹/SUP› Although not required by Executive Order 12866, this notice has been informally reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
\2\ H. Rep. No. 103-827, 103d Cong., 2d Sess., reprinted in 1994 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3489, 3505, Page 34.
Economic Assessment
Using a per intercept cost of $460,‹SUP›3‹/SUP› the only cost estimate provided by the industry, the FBI estimates that industry compliance will not exceed $28,926,667 in any one year and will cost a total of $86,780,000 over a three year period. Law enforcement estimates that the time frame for capacity to be deployed is three years. If the time is greater than three years then the annual costs will decrease. Total estimated costs are apportioned as follows: $71,300,000 for local exchange carriers and $15,480,000 for commercial radio, cellular and PCS service providers based on the wireline and wireless capacity requirements published in the appendixes of this Final Notice of Capacity. Furthermore, it should be noted that carrier capacity compliance costs for equipment, facilities or services identified on a Carrier Statement, to be submitted within 180 days of the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity, may be eligible for Government reimbursement. Until the Attorney General agrees to reimburse a carrier for such modifications, that carrier's equipment, facilities or services shall be considered compliant with this Final Notice of Capacity.‹SUP›4‹/SUP› Capacity costs associated with any equipment, facilities or
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services deployed after the Carrier Statement period of 180 days following the effective date of this Final Notice of Capacity will not be eligible for reimbursement.
\3\ Among all the comments to both the Initial Notice of Capacity and the Second Notice of Capacity, GTE, in its comments to the Second Notice of Capacity, was the only respondent to provide estimated capacity costs. The cost of $460 per intercept is based on the following criteria: (a) each intercept would require the necessary hardware to provide law enforcement with two channels, (b) the equipment used to meet the capacity requirements would be dedicated solely for law enforcement use, and (c) the $460 represents an average cost of intercept equipment and could vary between $453 and $470.
\4\ CALEA, Section 104(e).
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
A Government analysis of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) has determined this Final Notice of Capacity will not result in the expenditure by State, local or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100,000,000 or more in any one year, and it will not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. Therefore, no actions are necessary under the provisions of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA). Even so, the FBI has voluntarily abided by the tenets of the UMRA throughout this final notice.
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Regulatory Flexibility Act--Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (FRFA)
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended) requires that an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA) be prepared and published with all proposed rules. Earlier analysis by the Government did not indicate that the Initial Notice of Capacity satisfied the criteria set forth in Section 603(a) of the RFA, requiring completion of an IRFA. However, upon review of comments submitted in response to both the Initial and Second Notices of Capacity, and upon further consideration by DOJ's Office of Policy Development, it has been determined that this Final Notice of Capacity does fall within the scope of the RFA. Therefore, the following Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (FRFA) has been completed in accordance with the requirements of Section 604 of the RFA. Need for and Objectives of This Final Notice
The Final Notice of Capacity implements section 104(a) of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) (Public Law 103-414), which requires the Attorney General to publish notice of the estimated future actual and maximum capacity requirements that telecommunications carriers may be required to effect in support of electronic surveillance. The capacity requirements serve as a means to preserve law enforcement's ability, pursuant to court order or other lawful authorization, to access call content and call-identifying information in an ever-changing telecommunications environment. Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities To Which the Final Notice Will Apply
The Regulatory Flexibility Act defines small entity as having the same meaning as the terms small organization, small government jurisdiction, and small business concern. Of these definitions of small entity, this Final Notice of Capacity is applicable only to small business concerns.\5\ The Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632) defines a small business concern as one that (1) is independently owned and operated; (2) is not dominant in its field of operation; and (3) meets any additional criteria established by the Small Business Administration (SBA). More specifically, small business concerns within Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories 4812 (Radiotelephone Communications) and 4813 (Telephone Communications, Except Radio Telephone) are defined by the SBA as those having 1,500 or fewer employees. The statutory and SBA definitions of ``small business concern'' were used for purposes of this FRFA analysis.
\5\ Actual and maximum capacity requirements apply to all telecommunications carriers as defined in section 102(8) of CALEA. This Final Notice of Capacity, however, is intended to apply only to providers of local exchange service, commercial mobile radio service, cellular service, and personal communications services (PCS).
Total Number of Telephone Companies Affected. The capacity requirements presented herein may have a significant effect on a minimal number of telephone companies defined as small businesses by the SBA. The U.S. Bureau of the Census (the Census Bureau) reports that, at the end of 1992, there were 3,497 firms engaged in providing telephone services for at least 1 year.\6\ This number contains a variety of different categories of providers, including local exchange carriers (LEC), interexchange carriers, competitive access providers, cellular carriers, mobile service carriers, and PCS providers. Some of those 3,497 telephone service firms may not qualify as small business concerns or small incumbent LECs because they are not ``independently owned and operated.'' ‹SUP›7‹/SUP› For example, a PCS provider that is affiliated with an interexchange carrier having more than 1,500 employees would not meet the definition of a small business concern. Consequently, the FBI estimates that fewer than 3,497 telephone service firms would qualify as small business concerns and be affected by this Final Notice of Capacity.
\6\ United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1992 Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities: Establishment and Firm Size, at Firm Size 1-123 (indicating only the number of such firms engaged in providing telephone service and not the size of such firms) (1995) (1992 Census).
\7\ 15 U.S.C. Sec. 632(a)(1).
Wireline Carriers and Service Providers. The SBA has developed a definition of small business concerns that are telecommunications companies other than radiotelephone (wireless) companies (Telephone Communications, Except Radiotelephone). The Census Bureau reports that 2,321 such telephone companies were in operation for at least 1 year at the end of 1992.\8\ Employing the SBA's definition, a small business telephone company other than a radiotelephone company is one with 1,500 or fewer employees.\9\ Of the 2,321 non-radiotelephone companies listed by the Census Bureau, 2,295 were reported to have fewer than 1,000 employees. Thus, at least 2,295 non-radiotelephone companies might qualify as small entities or small incumbent LECs based on employment statistics. Since it is certain that some of these carriers are not independently owned and operated, this figure overstates the actual number of non-radiotelephone companies that would constitute small business concerns under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 2,295 small entity telephone communications companies (other than radiotelephone companies) that may be affected by this Final Notice of Capacity.
\8\ 1992 Census, supra, at Firm Size 1-123.
\9\ 13 CFR Sec. 121.201, SIC 4812.
Local Exchange Carriers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed a definition of small providers of local exchange services. The closest applicable definition under SBA rules is that of telephone communications companies other than radiotelephone (wireless) companies.\10\ The most reliable source of information regarding the number of LECs nationwide, of which the FBI is aware, appears to be the data that the FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS Worksheet.\11\ According to most recent data, 1,347 companies reported that they were engaged in the provision of local exchange services.\12\ As some of these carriers have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable to estimate with greater precision the number of LECs that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's
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definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 1,347 small incumbent LECs that may be affected by this Final Notice of Capacity.
\10\ 13 CFR Sec. 121.201, SIC 4813.
\11\Federal Communications Commission, Industry Analysis Division, Telecommunications Industry Revenue: TRS Fund Worksheet Data, (Average Total Telecommunications Revenue Reported by Class of Carrier) (Dec. 1996) (TRS Worksheet).
\12\ TRS Worksheet at Tbl. 1.
Competitive Access Providers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed a definition specifically applicable to small entities that are providers of competitive access services (CAPs). The closest applicable definition under the SBA rules is that of telephone communications companies other than radiotelephone (wireless) companies.\13\ The most reliable source of information regarding the number of CAPs nationwide, of which the FBI is aware, is the data the FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS Worksheet. According to most recent data, 57 companies reported that they were engaged in the provision of competitive access services.\14\ The FBI has no information on the number of carriers that are independently owned and operated, nor on those that have 1,500 or fewer employees and thus is unable to estimate with greater precision the number of CAPs that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 57 small entity CAPs that may be affected by this Final Notice of Capacity.
\13\ 13 CFR Sec. 121.201, SIC 4813.
\14\ TRS Worksheet at Tbl. 1.
Radiotelephone (Wireless) Carriers. The SBA has developed a definition of small business concerns for radiotelephone (wireless) companies. The Census Bureau reports that there were 1,176 wireless companies in operation for at least 1 year at the end of 1992.\15\ According to the SBA's definition, a small business radiotelephone company is one employing 1,500 or fewer persons.\16\ The Census Bureau also reported that 1,164 radiotelephone companies had fewer than 1,000 employees. Thus, even if all of the remaining 12 companies had more than 1,500 employees, there would still be 1,164 radiotelephone companies that might qualify as small business concerns if independently owned and operated. Because of the lack of information on the number of carriers that are independently owned and operated, the FBI is unable to estimate with greater precision the number of radiotelephone carriers and service providers that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 1,164 small business concerns considered radiotelephone companies that may be affected by this Final Notice of Capacity.
\15\ 1992 Census at Firm Size 1-123.
\16\ 13 CFR Sec. 121.201, SIC 4812.
Cellular Service Carriers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to providers of cellular services. The closest applicable definition under the SBA rules is that of radiotelephone (wireless) companies (SIC 4812). The most reliable source of information regarding the number of cellular service carriers nationwide, of which the FBI is aware, is the data the FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS Worksheet. According to most recent data, 792 companies reported that they were engaged in the provision of cellular services.\17\ The FBI has no information on the number of carriers that are independently owned and operated, nor on those that employ 1,500 or fewer persons, and thus is unable to estimate with greater precision the number of cellular service carriers that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 792 small entity cellular carriers that may be affected by this Final Notice of Capacity.
\17\ TRS Worksheet at Tbl. 1.
Broadband Personal Communications Service (PCS) Licensees. The broadband PCS spectrum is divided into six frequency blocks designated A through F and the FCC has held auctions for each block. The FCC has defined small entity in the auctions for C and F Blocks as an entity that earned average gross revenues of less than $40 million in the three previous calendar years.\18\ For F Block, an additional classification of very small business was added and is defined as an entity that, together with its affiliates, earned average gross revenues of not more than $15 million for the preceding three calendar years.\19\ These regulations, defining small entity in the context of broadband PCS C Block auctions, have been approved by the SBA. No small businesses within the SBA-approved definition bid successfully for licenses in A and B Blocks. There were 90 winning bidders that qualified as small entities in the C Block auctions. A total of 93 small and very small business bidders won approximately 40 percent of the 1,479 licenses for D, E, and F Blocks. However, licenses for C, D, E, and F Blocks have not been awarded fully; therefore few, if any, small businesses currently provide PCS services. Based on this information, the FBI concludes that the number of small broadband PCS licensees will include the 90 winning bidders and the 93 qualifying bidders in the D, E, and F Blocks, for a total of 183 small PCS providers as defined by the SBA and the FCC's auction rules.
\18\ See Amendment of Parts 20 and 24 of the FCC's Rules-- Broadband PCS Competitive Bidding and the Commercial Mobile Radio Service Spectrum Cap, Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 7824 (1996).
\19\ See Amendment of Parts 20 and 24 of the FCC's Rules-- Broadband PCS Competitive Bidding and the Commercial Mobile Radio Service Spectrum Cap, Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 7824 (1996).
Rural Radiotelephone Service. The FCC has not adopted a definition of small business specific to Rural Radiotelephone Service, which is defined in Section 22.99 of the FCC's Rules.\20\ A subset of Rural Radiotelephone Service is basic exchange telephone radio systems (BETRS).\21\ Accordingly, the FBI will use the SBA's definition applicable to radiotelephone companies, i.e., an entity employing 1,500 or fewer persons. There are approximately 1,000 Rural Radiotelephone Service licensees; the FBI estimates that a large majority of them may qualify as small entities under the SBA's definition.\22\
\20\ 47 CFR Sec. 22.99.
\21\ See 47 CFR Secs. 22.757--22.759.
\22\ 13 CFR Sec. 121.201, SIC 4812.
Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements
The Final Notice of Capacity does not impose reporting or record keeping requirements \23\ on the entities to which it applies. It does, however, administer compliance requirements, as defined in Appendixes A through D of this notice.
\23\ To the extent that CALEA compliance may entail reporting and recordkeeping requirements, those issues are separate from the capacity requirements covered in this Final Notice of Capacity and are the subject of a pending proceeding before the FCC. (Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, CC Docket No. 97-213, released October 10, 1997).
Summary and Analysis of Significant Issues Raised by Public Comments
On October 16, 1995, the FBI published an Initial Notice of Capacity for comment (60 FR 53643). On November 9, 1995 the industry comment period was extended until January 16, 1996. After reviewing comments in response to the Initial Notice of Capacity, the FBI published a Second Notice of Capacity (62 FR 1902). Comments on the Second Notice of Capacity were accepted from January 14, 1997, through March 15, 1997. Upon review of comments submitted in response to both the Initial and Second Notices of Capacity, it was determined that issues and sentiments specific to small entities were not only represented, but also shared by industry as a whole. A detailed summary of comments is presented in Section VII of
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the notice. Those of particular interest to small entities are reviewed below.
Burden on small companies. Small business commenters or organizations representing small business interests expressed concern that projected capacity requirements pose a disparate economic burden on small telecommunications carriers that serve areas in which a single historical incident involving a large of number of simultaneous interceptions occurred. Commenters were also concerned that the methodology used to develop the projected capacity requirements relies far too heavily on unusually high historical incidents and ignores routine levels of interception activity over time. One commenter stated that ``a carrier serving a small town, with 1,000 access lines, could have a greater capacity burden than NYNEX in New York City if the small carrier had experienced a single incident of major criminal activity 15 years ago.'' ‹SUP›24‹/SUP› As stated in Section III of the Notice (Methodology for Projecting Capacity Requirements), law enforcement's capacity requirements were estimated by considering historical surveillance statistics and industry survey data. Furthermore, as the notice explains, historical intercept activity was measured for the period January 1993 through March 1995. Any intercept activity before that time was not considered and, therefore, is not an influential factor in estimating current capacity requirements. However, taking into consideration that intercept activity may have occurred before or after the data collection period, a historic capacity requirement of one is used as the basis for estimating actual and maximum capacity requirements for those geographic areas with no reported interceptions during the survey period.
\24\ Comments of Cellular Mobile Systems of St. Cloud General Partnership, LLP, in response to the Second Notice of Capacity Requirements and Request for Comments; Feb. 13, 1997; Page 2.
Small business commenters or organizations representing small business interests stated that historical intercept activity should not be the only factor considered to derive capacity requirements; carriers' market size and number of subscribers should also be considered.\25\ As indicated in Section III of the Notice, no conclusive correlation exists between the variables ``location of criminal activity'' and ``carrier size.'' Although some large carriers may serve high crime regions and, likewise, some small carriers low crime regions, no causal relationship exists. Consequently, law enforcement's historical analysis of electronic surveillance activity was based on geographic location and the actual occurrence of surveillance interceptions. Again, available data does not indicate that a statistically valid relationship exists between law enforcement capacity requirements and carrier size, whether size is determined by subscriber lines, geographic boundaries, or any other measure.
\25\ Cellular Mobile Systems of St. Cloud, Teleport Communications Group, NTCA, OPASTCO, PCIA, in response to the Second Notice of Capacity Requirements and Request for Comments; Feb. 13, 1997.
Steps Taken To Minimize Burdens on Small Entities
The FBI's guiding principle in the development of this Final Notice of Capacity was to allow the maximum range of compliance options to carriers based on configurations of their respective networks. The rule was crafted to require a minimal level of estimated capacity that allows law enforcement to effectively meet public safety needs. CALEA's mandate, which requires that this Final Notice of Capacity identify actual and maximum capacity requirements, allows carriers to configure their systems to accommodate the lower level of capacity (actual), while only requiring that they be able to expeditiously expand to the upper limit (maximum) should the need arise.
Within this framework, the FBI sought and incorporated industry input at all stages of the rulemaking process. Initially, the FBI met with telecommunications carriers and associations, including the United States Telephone Association (USTA), the Electronic Communications Service Provider (ECSP) Committee, the Organization for the Promotion and Advancement of Small Telecommunications Companies (OPASTCO), the Cellular Telephone Industry Association (CTIA), the National Telephone Cooperative Association (NTCA) and the Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA), in order to explain the CALEA capacity requirements and to solicit questions, comments, and opinions from the industry. Using industry input from these meetings, the FBI drafted the Initial Notice of Capacity. While the Initial Notice of Capacity was being developed, the FBI continued to meet with industry to discuss concepts and solicit industry consultation. During these stages, the FBI continued to meet with representatives of both wireline and wireless carriers. The FBI presented to the ECSP Committee the draft methodology of the Initial Notice of Capacity and an explanation of such concepts as the applicability of actual and maximum requirements to individual switches. In addition to carrier representatives, ECSP Committee membership included representatives of various associations, including CTIA, NECA, OPASTCO, PCIA and USTA. Again, the FBI solicited comments and issued an open invitation to meet with anyone who wished to further discuss the Initial Notice of Capacity. This same consultative procedure was followed during the development of the subsequent Second Notice of Capacity. Once the Second Notice of Capacity was published, the FBI met again with the ECSP committee, as well as with various individual carriers and associations both before and after its publication to provide supplemental explanations of the Second Notice of Capacity and to solicit comments and extend an invitation to discuss the notice further. The FBI maintained an ongoing dialogue with the telecommunications industry with regard to the Initial and Second Notices of Capacity through meetings and in response to comments.
In addition to industry input, the FBI solicited advice from a number of other government entities including the Department of Justice, the FCC, the OMB, and the SBA, as well as state and local law enforcement.\26\
\26\ The FBI had a continuous dialogue with members of federal, state, and local law enforcement between June 1995 and September 1997.
The FBI recognizes that some small telecommunications carriers (small entities) offering service in certain geographic areas with significant intercept activity may be obligated to afford significant interception capacity. At the same time, the FBI also recognizes that the capacity requirements represent a critical means of safeguarding the public and, consequently, any exemption or relaxation from compliance would not be without cost. Therefore, to ensure that small entities are not unduly burdened, the FBI is developing a process whereby small entities may petition the Attorney General for reconsideration of their respective capacity requirements. The petition evaluation process will include consideration of a carrier's size, dynamics of the region in which the carrier operates, historical intercept activity, and law enforcement's electronic surveillance needs.
The FBI is also drafting a Small Business Compliance Guide (Guide) as required by SBREFA (5 U.S.C. Sections 801-808). The Guide will be provided to the SBA and various industry associations representing the interests of
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small entities. It will also be available upon request from the FBI. The Guide will identify an FBI small business liaison to assist small carriers with rule application.
In conclusion, the FBI believes this Final Notice of Capacity is fair and reasonable. The FBI remains committed to assisting small entities in attaining compliance. The FBI intends not only to maintain dialogue with industry representatives and the SBA's Office of Advocacy while developing the Small Business Compliance Guide, but also to ensure that small entities are provided the necessary information and assistance to attain compliance in the least burdensome and most cost effective manner possible.
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Methodology for Projecting Capacity Requirements
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Overview
The CALEA mandate set forth in section 104 obligates the Attorney General to estimate future interception capacity requirements and marks the first time that: (a) Information has been required to be provided to telecommunications carriers in order for them to design future networks with reference to the amount of potential future interception activity that may occur, and (b) the entire law enforcement community has been required to project its collective future potential needs for interception. This mandate has generated legitimate concern in the law enforcement community because telephone technology historically placed no constraints on the number of court-ordered interceptions that could be effected. If not implemented carefully, an under-scoping of capacity requirements under CALEA would have the unintended effect of restricting the technical ability to conduct interceptions authorized in court orders. If future interception needs are understated, law enforcement's investigative abilities will be hampered and, more importantly, public safety will be jeopardized.
Capacity notice provisions were included in CALEA to ensure that law enforcement's future interception needs in a geographic area would be articulated so that telecommunications carriers would be put on notice as to their obligations, in terms of how many interceptions they would need to be able to effect. These provisions also present a means for telecommunications carriers to better understand the nature and extent of their existing statutory obligations to accommodate law enforcement's interception needs. (Because law enforcement requirements for all types of interceptions are a function of authorized investigations, the estimated number that may be required in the future cannot be zero because that would imply that there is a county or market service area where an interception would not be conducted or would never be required. See Section G ``Establishing Threshold Capacity Requirements'' for further discussion on how minimum threshold interception capacities are estimated.) To establish capacity requirements that would meet law enforcement's future potential interception needs, law enforcement used a rigorous methodology. Objectives of the methodology used to establish capacity requirements are to ensure that future interception capacity requirements would (a) Be rationally grounded, and based on historical interception activity, (b) ensure that public safety is not compromised, (c) provide telecommunications carriers with a degree of certainty regarding law enforcement's potential interception needs over a reasonable period of time, (d) be based on well-recognized geographic areas affected, and (e) not dictate a solution to the industry.
The methodology consisted of these steps:
‹bullet› Collecting information on historical interception activity
‹bullet› Determining geographic areas for identifying capacity requirements
‹bullet› Deriving a basis for determining capacity requirements for wireline carriers
‹bullet› Deriving a basis for determining capacity requirements for wireless carriers
‹bullet› Deriving growth factors for projecting future capacity requirements from historical information
‹bullet› Establishing threshold capacity requirements.
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Collecting Information on Historical Interception Activity
To comply with CALEA's mandate to project future capacity needs, law enforcement believed it was essential to first establish a historical baseline of interception activity from which future interception needs could be projected. This effort entailed a detailed review and analysis of the available information on recent federal, state, and local law enforcement interceptions throughout the United States. Such information had never before been collected in a single repository. Amassing this detailed and extremely sensitive information required an unprecedented and time-consuming effort. It involved identifying sources from which accurate information could be retrieved efficiently. The information required included the numbers of all types of interceptions (communications, pen register, and trap and trace) performed by federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies, in terms of the actual number of telephone lines intercepted at each locality. (For purposes of this notice, the word ``line'' refers to the transmission path from a subscriber's terminal to the network via a wireline or wireless medium.)
The Wiretap Report, published annually by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, was a valuable source of historical information on criminal Title III (call content) court orders; however, it did not identify the actual number of interception lines associated with each court order or, more importantly, the vastly greater number of lines associated with call-identifying information interceptions (e.g., from pen registers and traps and traces) that have been performed by all law enforcement agencies. Even though law enforcement used information on the number of court orders reported in the Wiretap Report for forecasting purposes as described later in this section, the report did not contain the necessary line-related information needed to identify the level of past interceptions for establishing a historical baseline of activity.
To obtain line-related information regarding past simultaneous interceptions, records of interception activity were acquired from telecommunications carriers as well as law enforcement officials, and from the federal and state Clerks of Court offices (the official repositories for all interception court orders) through a survey. The objective of the survey effort was to determine the numbers of all types of interceptions (communications, pen register, and trap and trace) conducted between January 1, 1993, and March 1, 1995, for all geographic areas. Highly sensitive information pertaining to each interception was collected, including interception start/end dates and area code and exchange. The time period of January 1, 1993 to March 1, 1995 was chosen to obtain recent interception information that was reasonably retrievable given the time constraint imposed by CALEA with regard to publishing a Notice of Capacity.
Approximately 1,500 telecommunications carriers, representing nearly all wireline and cellular telephone companies (as of March 1995), were requested to provide information identifying where and how many interceptions had occurred within their networks during the survey period.
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Records were submitted by approximately 66 percent of the telecommunications carriers surveyed. To ensure receipt of information from a comprehensive representation of the telecommunications industry, law enforcement worked closely with telecommunications carriers serving large markets or unique geographic areas. Such carriers included the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOC), GTE, and the largest providers of cellular service.
Sensitive interception records maintained under seal within the Clerks of Court offices were acquired through two separate efforts. Federal court order information was collected under special court orders directing the unsealing of this information for the limited purpose of issuing capacity notices required under section 104 of CALEA. State and local law enforcement records were collected with the assistance of the offices of the State Attorney Generals, District Attorneys, and state-wide prosecutors. This effort resulted in the collection of information on all federal law enforcement interception activity for the period surveyed and information on interceptions by state and local law enforcement from most states. (Some states' laws do not authorize the conduct of all types of interceptions, e.g., call content interceptions, and other states do not maintain retrievable records of all historical interception activity.)
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Determining Geographic Areas for Identifying Capacity Requirements
Section 104(a)(2)(B) of CALEA requires law enforcement to identify, to the maximum extent practicable, the capacity needed at ``specific geographic locations.'' In addressing this mandate, law enforcement decided that using point-specific sites, such as switch locations, city blocks, or neighborhoods, would not be appropriate because it would not properly take into account movement in criminal activity and could lead to the compromise of sensitive investigations. Also, law enforcement believed that any geographic designation used should not be subject to frequent change, should relate to discernible and officially recognized geographic territorial boundaries, and should be commonly understood by the affected parties.
It was also considered essential that the geographic designations be ones that: (a) Historically have not been affected by regulatory changes in the telecommunications marketplace, (b) would allow flexibility for telecommunications carriers in developing solutions, and (c) would not be affected by changes in the configurations of telecommunications networks.
Law enforcement concluded that, for wireline carriers, county boundaries or their equivalent best met the criteria above and should be used to define the geographic locations for projecting future capacity requirements. (For purposes of this notice, the term ``county'' includes boroughs and parishes, as well as the District of Columbia and a few independent cities in Missouri, Maryland, Nevada, and Virginia that are not part of any county. U.S. territories such as American Samoa, Guam, the Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands are treated similarly.) Further, using the geographic designation of a county in this way was deemed appropriate because it is used by both telecommunications carriers and law enforcement. Telecommunications carriers pay county taxes and fees and are affected by county regulations. Likewise, law enforcement's legal territorial jurisdictions frequently are drawn based on county boundaries, and resources for law enforcement are often allocated on a county basis.
For wireless carriers, individual county boundaries were not considered to be a feasible geographic designation for identifying capacity requirements. Instead, law enforcement determined that wireless market service areas--Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), Rural Statistical Areas (RSA), Major Trading Areas (MTA), and Basic Trading Areas (BTA)--would be more appropriate geographic designations. Although wireless market service areas comprise sets of counties, market service areas best take into account the greater inherent mobility of wireless subscribers. Furthermore, what is most important is that historical information on wireless interceptions could only be associated with market service areas.
The approach selected--using counties for wireline carriers and market service areas for wireless carriers--was also responsive to comments on the Initial Notice of Capacity urging that the two types of telecommunications carriers be treated separately; thus, different geographic designations should appropriately apply.
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Deriving a Basis for Determining Capacity Requirements for Wireline Carriers
Having established the county as the appropriate geographic area for identifying capacity requirements for wireline carriers, law enforcement had to decide on a basis for determining capacity requirements for each county. Section 104(a)(2)(A) of CALEA stated that the capacity requirements could be based on type of equipment, type of service, number of subscribers, type or size of carrier, or nature of service area, but allowed the use of ``any other measure.'' Law enforcement chose to use the historical interception activity associated with telecommunications equipment located within a county as the most logical basis for making determinations about projected capacity requirements in a county.
Each wireline interception reported during the historical period surveyed (January 1, 1993, to March 1, 1995) was associated with a telecommunications switch, based on its area code and exchange (frequently referred to as its ``NPA/NXX code''), as found in the April 1995 version of the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG) published by Bellcore. The LERG contains information on the switching systems and exchanges of wireline carriers and is considered to be an authoritative source by the telecommunications industry. Thereafter, telecommunications switches were associated to counties by using the vertical and horizontal coordinates marking the switch's physical location.
CALEA also required that capacity requirements be expressed in terms of ``simultaneous'' interceptions. Law enforcement chose to consider interceptions occurring on the same day, rather than at exactly the same moment, as being simultaneous.‹SUP›27‹/SUP› This time frame was logical from a law enforcement perspective, because interception court orders are authorized for a certain number of days as opposed to some other unit of time. Additionally, the time frame of one day was compatible with the historical data that was recorded only in days.
\27\ Through the survey, the FBI was able to accurately discern the number of interceptions that were authorized simultaneously for any given day. As might well have been expected, it was impossible for the FBI to discern the number of interceptions that were effected simultaneously down to the hour, minute, or second.
The daily interception activity of each switch in a county was examined, and the single day with the most interceptions during the period surveyed was used to identify the switch's highest number of simultaneous interceptions. Thereafter, the highest number of simultaneous interceptions identified for each switch in the county was totaled to produce a historical baseline for the county. Law enforcement believed that this approach provided a reasonable representation of
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past interception needs for the geographic area during the period surveyed. This approach also avoided the problems that would be inherent in trying to specify capacity requirements for interceptions on a site-specific or equipment-specific basis because of the fluid nature of interceptions conducted over time and because of changes in equipment and the services that the equipment supports. After determining the county's historical baseline, law enforcement sought to establish an appropriate means of utilizing that activity as a basis for projecting future capacity requirements. In the Initial Notice of Capacity, requirements were expressed as a percentage of the engineered capacity of equipment, facilities, and services. It was thought that in so doing, carriers would have more flexibility in addressing the capacity requirements. Comments on the Initial Notice of Capacity, however, questioned the meaning of engineered capacity and recommended that capacity requirements be expressed as fixed numbers rather than as percentages. In response, law enforcement re-examined this issue and found that using fixed numbers for each county would be a clearer way to express capacity requirements without tying them to constantly- changing components of telecommunications networks.
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Deriving a Basis for Determining Capacity Requirements for Wireless Carriers
Having established the market service area as the appropriate geographic area for identifying future capacity requirements for wireless carriers, law enforcement had to decide on a basis for determining capacity requirements for each market service area. Each cellular interception reported during the period surveyed (January 1, 1993, to March 1, 1995) was associated with a cellular market service area using the August 1995 version of the Cibernet database, which contains information on roaming and billing arrangements for cellular networks and is considered to be an authoritative source by the telecommunications industry. Thereafter, the single day with the most interceptions during the period surveyed was identified and used as the historical baseline for each market service area.
Due to the similarities between cellular and PCS, law enforcement used the historical interception activity of cellular carriers to develop projections of future capacity requirements for PCS carriers. Cellular markets are defined by MSAs and RSAs, and PCS markets are defined by MTAs and BTAs. Historical cellular interception activity was mapped to a PCS market service area. Again, the single day with the most interceptions during the period surveyed was identified and used as the historical baseline for the market service area.
To be responsive to comments on the Initial Notice objecting to the use of percentages of engineered capacity, law enforcement found that using fixed numbers rather than percentages was also an appropriate means to express capacity requirements for wireless carriers.
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Deriving Growth Factors for Projecting Future Capacity Requirements From Historical Information
Section 104 of CALEA requires the Attorney General to project future requirements for actual and maximum capacity. As discussed previously in this notice, law enforcement derived a baseline for these estimates from the historical interception activity in geographic areas defined as counties for wireline carriers and market service areas for wireless carriers during the period surveyed. To project future capacity requirements, growth factors were developed and applied to the historical information.
As noted, comments on the Initial Notice of Capacity recommended that capacity requirements be stated separately for wireline and wireless carriers. In response, law enforcement derived distinct growth factors for wireline and wireless carriers. 1. Formulas
As discussed below, four growth factors were used in this Final Notice of Capacity to project future capacity requirements: A‹INF›wireline‹/INF›, A‹INF›wireless‹/INF›, M‹INF›wireline‹/INF›, and M‹INF›wireless‹/INF›. The ``A'' factors were applied to historical interception activity to estimate future actual capacity requirements as of October 1998, and the ``M'' factors were used to estimate future maximum capacity requirements.
The formulas used for the projections were:
Wireline:
Future Actual Capacity Requirement in a County Equals The Historical Interception Activity in the County Multiplied by A‹INF›wireline‹/INF›
Future Maximum Capacity Requirement in a County Equals The Future Actual Capacity Requirement in the County Multiplied by M‹INF›wireline‹/INF› Wireless:
Future Actual Capacity Requirement in a Market Service Area Equals The Historical Interception Activity in the Market Service Area Multiplied by A‹INF›wireless‹/INF›
Future Maximum Capacity Requirement in a Market Service Area Equals The Future Actual Capacity Requirement in the Market Service Area Multiplied by M‹INF›wireless‹/INF›
All of the resulting requirements for future actual and maximum capacity were rounded up to the next whole number. 2. Growth Factors
The growth factors used herein were derived solely from analysis related to the historical interception information. Three sources of historical information were deemed to provide relevant information to be considered as growth factors: (a) The number of court orders for call content interceptions which was obtained from the Wiretap Report published by the Administrative Office of United States Courts for the time period 1980 through 1995; (b) the number of court orders for call- identifying information from pen register and trap and trace interceptions, which was obtained from reports published by the Department of Justice (DOJ) documenting pen register and trap and trace usage by DOJ agencies for the time period 1987 through 1995; and (c) the historical baseline number of call content interceptions and interceptions of call-identifying information, which was obtained from the survey of law enforcement and industry for the time period January 1, 1993, through March 1, 1995.
To project the future numerical level of court orders, statistical and analytical methods were applied to the historical interception information. It should be understood that the projections for the number of potential future court orders do not mean that they are the numbers of orders that law enforcement will in fact obtain or intends to obtain. Rather, they are part of a statistical method used to derive growth factors that would be useful, ultimately, in calculating future actual and maximum capacity requirements.
A commonly-used analytical tool for projections, known as Best-Fit- Line analysis, was used to track the number of court orders over time and then to project the number into the future. Projections were made for call content court orders for wireline and wireless for the year 1998 and the year 2004. Projections were also made for the vastly greater number of pen register and trap and trace court orders for wireline and wireless for the year 1998 and the year 2004. Composite growth
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figures for wireline interceptions and for wireless interceptions were then calculated by weighting the court order projections by the relative number of call content interceptions and interceptions of call-identifying information during the period surveyed. The resulting A‹INF›wireline‹/INF› and A‹INF›wireless‹/INF› growth factors were based on the 1998 projections. The M‹INF›wireline‹/INF› and M‹INF›wireless‹/INF› growth factors were based on the 2004 projections. The year 1998 was selected to comply with the statutory language of CALEA requiring law enforcement to estimate actual capacity requirements by that time. The year 2004 was selected because it provided a 10-year period after the passage of CALEA, a period that was considered reasonable for projecting maximum capacity requirements. It was also considered to be a rational period for constituting a stable capacity ceiling and a design guide.
The value derived for A‹INF›wireline‹/INF› is 1.259; the value derived for A‹INF›wireless‹/INF› is 1.707; the value derived for M‹INF›wireline‹/INF› is 1.303; and the value derived for M‹INF›wireless‹/INF› is 1.621. These growth factors can also be translated into, and understood in terms of, annual growth rates for capacity requirements. For wireline, if computed annually, growth rates are 5.92 percent for the period from 1994 through 1998, and 4.55 percent for the period from 1998 through 2004. For wireless, if computed annually, growth rates are 14.30 percent and 8.38 percent respectively, for the same time periods. Of relevance in determining the differences in growth rates are the expectations of overall business growth for wireline and wireless telephone services. Market projections for wireline show a steady growth rate of 3.5 percent annually, and wireless annual growth is projected to be 12.0 percent during each of the next 10 years.
For more information on how the growth factors were derived, refer to Appendix E which is available in the FBI's reading room.
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Establishing Threshold Capacity Requirements
In its review of historical interception activity, law enforcement found that numerous counties and market service areas had no interception activity during the time period surveyed. Under the methodology described above, these counties and market service areas would have future actual and maximum capacity requirements equal to zero. However, the establishment of future capacity requirements of zero would not provide even a minimal level of interception capacity, nor would it address growth flexibility, and it would largely undermine the intent of CALEA, which is to preserve law enforcement's ability to conduct some level of interceptions everywhere. Additionally, it is possible that law enforcement may have conducted interceptions in these areas before or after the period surveyed, and it may well have to do so again. Experience has shown that criminal activity can occur anywhere. Therefore, law enforcement must be capable of conducting a number of interceptions in all areas. Consequently, minimum threshold baseline capacities were developed for counties and market service areas that otherwise would have had a capacity requirement of zero under the above methodology.
For wireline telephone service offered in counties, law enforcement examined the distribution of historical interception activity and found that many counties had no interceptions, and many others had only one interception during the time period surveyed. To avoid having counties with no future capacity requirements, law enforcement decided to treat counties with zero historical interceptions as if they had one interception. Hence, when the growth factors for counties were applied, it produced a future actual capacity requirement of two simultaneous interceptions and a future maximum capacity requirement of three simultaneous interceptions.
For wireless market service areas, law enforcement took a similar approach. Here, too, it found that many market service areas had no interceptions during the time period surveyed. Law enforcement chose to treat these market service areas as if they had one interception. Hence, when the growth factors for wireless carriers were applied to these market service areas, the result was a future actual capacity requirement of two simultaneous interceptions and a future maximum capacity requirement of four simultaneous interceptions.
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Alternative Analysis
Consideration was given to potentially effective and feasible alternatives to this rule. However, as discussed in this Alternative Analysis section, Law enforcement determined that alternatives were not viable in that they either (1) Would impose undue burdens by not allowing companies the flexibility to use the efficiencies of their networks to efficiently meet the requirements; (2) would potentially impose unfair burdens to companies with specific types of equipment; (3) would not meet the needs of law enforcement; or, (4) would not take into consideration the differences between the wireline and wireless market.
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Alternative Approaches Considered in Determining Capacity Requirements
Law enforcement considered and rejected a number of alternatives while developing this rule. Initially, law enforcement considered whether a new regulation was actually necessary. That a notice was required was obvious from the mandate of CALEA Section 104, which directs the Attorney General on behalf of all law enforcement entities to publish notice of the actual and maximum capacity requirements that telecommunications carriers may be required to effect in support of lawfully authorized electronic surveillance. Law enforcement could identify no other existing regulations which might provide viable alternatives. Ultimately, law enforcement determined that it was necessary to develop new regulations which were both industry and CALEA specific. This rule is the result of that development effort.
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Alternative Promulgated in Initial Notice of Capacity
In accordance with CALEA 104(a)(2), the Government examined many different alternatives of expressing the capacity requirements. The alternatives included basing the requirements upon the type of equipment, type of service, number of subscribers, type of carrier, and nature of service area. In fulfilling the mandated role described above, law enforcement examined a number of alternative approaches in expressing the capacity required at specific geographic locations. On October 16, 1995, law enforcement's proposed future actual and maximum capacity requirements were presented in an Initial Notice of Capacity published in the Federal Register (60FR53643). Comments on the Initial Notice were accepted through January 16, 1996.
In the Initial Notice of Capacity the actual and maximum capacity requirements were presented as a percentage of the engineered capacity of the equipment, facilities, and services that provide a customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or direct communications. Engineered capacity referred to the maximum number of subscribers that could be served by that equipment, facility, or service. The percentage were to apply to both the engineered subscriber capacity of a switch and to non-switch equipment (i.e., network peripherals) involved in the origination, termination, or direction of communications. Percentages were used rather than fixed numbers due to the dynamics and
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diversity of the telecommunications industry. The use of percentages was expected to allow telecommunications carriers the flexibility to adjust to changes in marketplace conditions or changes in the number of subscribers, access lines, equipment, facilities, etc., and still know the required level of capacity. The percentages were then applied to three categories, based upon geography and historical intercept activities.
As a result of extensive consultation with Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies, telecommunications carriers, providers of telecommunications support services, and manufacturers of telecommunications equipment, the FBI proposed the following capacity requirements: each telecommunications carrier would have needed the ability to meet the capability assistance requirements defined in section 103 of the CALEA for a number of simultaneous pen register, trap and trace, and communication interceptions equal to the percentage of the engineered capacity of the equipment, facilities, or services that provide a customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or direct communications.
Each telecommunications carrier would have needed to ensure that it could expeditiously increase its capacity to meet the assistance capability requirements defined in section 103 of the CALEA for a number of simultaneous pen register, trap and trace, and communication interceptions equal to the percentage of the engineered capacity of the equipment, facilities, or services that provide a customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or direct communications. When translated from percentages to numbers, capacity requirements would have been rounded up to the nearest whole number.
As noted above, the telecommunications industry generally expressed the view that this approach was less useful than expressing capacity requirements with fixed numbers. Consequently, this approach was abandoned in favor of an approach based upon the use of fixed numbers.
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Alternative Methods of Expressing Capacity Requirements
Following the release of the Initial Notice of Capacity, law enforcement consulted with telecommunications industry representatives, privacy advocates, and other interested parties to receive feedback on the method used to express future actual and maximum capacity requirements. This consultative process assisted law enforcement in understanding the challenges facing the industry and others in applying the capacity requirements as expressed in the Initial Notice of Capacity. Law enforcement refined its approach of defining capacity requirements and issued a Second Notice of Capacity, published in the Federal Register on January 14, 1997 (62FR1902) to more fully articulate estimated actual and maximum capacity requirements. Comments on the Second Notice of Capacity were accepted through March 15, 1997.
The objective of both the Initial and Second Notice of Capacity was to ensure that law enforcement's future capacity requirements would (a) be rationally grounded, and based on historical interception activity, (b) ensure that public safety is not compromised, (c) provide both wireline and wireless telecommunications carriers with a degree of certainty regarding law enforcement's needs over a reasonable period of time, (d) be based on the geographic areas affected, and (e) not dictate a specific solution to the industry.
Section 104 of CALEA mandates that the Attorney General publish a Notice of Capacity estimating the capacity requirements that law enforcement may need to conduct electronic surveillance in the future. The FBI examined several different methods and formulas to determine the best way to calculate the requirements to be imposed on the telecommunications industry. The first method, which was used in the Initial Notice of Capacity, was to express the actual and maximum capacity requirements as a percentage of the engineered capacity of the equipment, facilities, and services that provide a customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or direct communications. This methodology is described in detail in the Initial Notice of Capacity.‹SUP›28‹/SUP› The industry considered percentages an imprecise guideline, the term ``engineered capacity'' confusing, and that fixed numbers would be a better representation of how capacity requirements should represented.
\28\ Initial Notice of Capacity, published 10/16/95 60FR53643.
Capacity Requirement on a Switch Specific Basis
Law enforcement assessed the industry comment of expressing future capacity on a switch or equipment specific basis and determined that capacity requirements would need to be met regardless of the type, size, or configuration of switching equipment deployed in any given geographic area.
Comments received to the Second Notice of Capacity indicated that without a more specific delineation of the capacity requirements, carriers would be placed in the position of applying the capacity requirements to all the equipment in a geographic area. However, law enforcement determined that there was no certain correlation between specific equipment and a geographic location where future interception capacity may be required.
One alternative considered was publishing the capacity requirements on an individual switch basis. With the rapid pace at which the telecommunications industry network advances and changes, identification of any specific equipment in the Notice of Capacity would run the risk of being invalid at the time the Notice of Capacity is effective. Moreover, any new equipment installed after the publication date of the Notice of Capacity would not be identified and present an unnecessary level of ambiguity to all new equipment.
Equipment supporting the wireline network can be identified within the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG). All local exchange switches servicing the network are listed with their respective vertical and horizontal coordinates, and the area codes and exchanges that they serve. No equivalent source of information exists for the wireless network. Therefore, expressing wireless capacity requirements could not be accomplished at a similar geographic level as in the wireline network.
A second alternative considered was the assessment of all simultaneous intercept activity in a given county, regardless of the amount and location of equipment within the county. This analysis would result in the determination of the day with the highest number of interceptions when all interceptions reported within the county were considered. The application of the requirements would be as though the electronic surveillance needs of the entire county was served by a single switch. This value would always be less than or equal to the sum of all the switch simultaneities within the county and would not allow for the very real possibility that switch simultaneities could occur concurrently in the future. For the majority of the counties there was no significant difference between the sum of switch simultaneities and county simultaneity (i.e., 2454 of the 3146 would retain the same county requirement as published in the Second Notice of Capacity).
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However, those counties with significant capacity requirements would be subject to the largest numeric change in the value of historic surveillance experience and hence placed under the greatest risk of underestimating the capacity requirement.
This alternative results in significant implementation difficulty for meeting capacity needs because any individual switch activity would not be taken into account. In fact, this approach dilutes the magnitude of historic interception activity. This method of consideration would, over time, understate the needs of law enforcement.
Furthermore, the promulgation of capacity requirements on a switch specific basis presupposes a solution and does not allow any flexibility to carriers as networks evolve. Switch specific capacity requirements were determined to be an unsatisfactory method of expressing capacity requirements due to the dynamics and diversity of the telecommunications industry.
Further, requirements on a switch specific basis would be untenable due to the potential for future changes in switch sizes and the areas they serve. Switch specific capacity requirements would be fundamentally flawed since they would inappropriately ``freeze'' future interception capacity based upon past switch activity. Some reasonable flexibility must be employed. The use of geographic areas is expected to allow telecommunications carriers the flexibility to adjust to changes in marketplace conditions or changes in the number of subscribers, access lines, equipment, facilities, etc. Single Largest Switch Intercept Value Within a Geographic Area
A third alternative considered was the application of capacity based on the single largest switch intercept value in a county to all switches located in that county. This approach would result in an excess of capacity required to be deployed in the network and hence have significant cost implications. Additionally, there would be little or no law enforcement justification for applying the single largest switch historical interception value to switches within the county with minimal electronic surveillance experience. Average Intercept Activity Value
A fourth alternative considered was the establishment of capacity based on an average intercept activity value for all switches in a county and the application of this value to each switch in that county. This alternative would result in an understatement of capacity needs for the county because switches with significant historic electronic surveillance in some geographic areas would not have an adequate capacity requirement. The number of switches within a given county can increase or decrease the average intercept activity for the entire county, thereby possibly dangerously understating capacity requirements in a high intercept area. Total Intercepts Regardless of Simultaneity
A fifth alternative considered was to express total capacity requirements of a geographic area based on the total number of intercepts conducted in that geographic area during the observed time period, regardless of the simultaneity. A large number of interceptions does not universally translate into a large simultaneity value for a given county or switch. The total number of intercepts conducted in a geographic area is not truly representative of law enforcement requirements. Furthermore, this could not be considered as a viable alternative for computing capacity as it does not meet CALEA's simultaneity requirement as expressed in Section 104(a). Average Intercept Length
Another alternative would have been to base, in part, the capacity requirements on the average intercept length for the county. While this information may act as an indicator of interception activity in the county, it would not necessarily be a reflection of a given switch. If the average length of the interceptions is significant it would be an indication that the simultaneity is a less peaked or random event. However, county numbers may still be too nondescript in a small number of counties to be transcribed to individual switches as requirements in those instances where the county is very large geographically, or contains a large number of individual switches. Size of Carrier
An analysis of the telecommunications industry reveals that no association exists between the location of criminal activity and the size of a carrier that provides service in that geographic area. The analysis of the historic electronic surveillance activity was based on the geographic location and the occurrence of each surveillance reported. No direct relationship can be drawn from the available data between the capacity requirements and the size of the carrier, whether that carrier is measured by the number of lines with which it provides service, the geographic area in which it provides service or any other measure of size. Expressing Individual Carrier Capacity Requirements
Establishment of capacity requirements for individual carriers cannot be accurately characterized as a geographic method of expressing capacity requirements as mandated by CALEA. As the existing incumbent carrier community reacts to increased competition as a result of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, service territories will undoubtedly change. Establishing capacity requirements on a carrier-specific basis also leaves the deployment of capacity up to the interpretation of that carrier. In the case of a carrier with a very large service area, law enforcement needs in a particular geographic area may not be satisfied. The possibility of a carrier not having sufficient capacity of equipment, facilities and services in a given geographic area would be a real threat to the public safety. Furthermore, law enforcement was unable to establish a correlation between where interceptions may be needed and individual carriers such as to support accurate future electronic surveillance estimations. Service or Feature-Specific Capacity Requirements
Expressing capacity based on services or features would be unworkable and would fail to provide law enforcement with the coverage and capability necessary to effect electronic surveillance wherever it may be needed. Not all services or features are supported in all geographic areas. With new services and features constantly under development and deployment, expressing capacity requirements on a service or feature basis would create an environment that is subject to frequent change both as to territories and networks. Further, since criminal activity is mobile in nature, service or feature-specific capacity requirements would not be conducive to meeting law enforcement requirements.
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Statement of Capacity Requirements
Section 104 of CALEA mandates that law enforcement capacity requirements be expressed on a geographical basis, to the maximum extent practicable, and be published in the Federal Register after government notice and after industry and public comment. In fulfillment of this mandate, law enforcement, for the first time in history, conducted an unprecedented survey of historical electronic surveillance activity including all line related pen register, trap and trace and communications
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interceptions for the period January 1, 1993 through March 1, 1995. The analysis of this collected information was used to form a baseline from which future interception activity was projected using well recognized statistical tools and methods.
The issuance of this Notice of Capacity represents fulfillment of the statutory mandate to provide notice for estimated future actual and maximum capacity requirements. Taking the unpredictable nature of crime into account, law enforcement has made every attempt to provide reasonable and prudent numbers in specific geographic areas, to the maximum extent practicable, based upon hard historical interception data.
The capacity requirements as stated in this Final Notice of Capacity are requirements of a geographic nature and do not presuppose a specific technical solution or deployment strategy of the industry or of an individual carrier. The capacity requirements are expressed as to specific geographical areas to the maximum extent practicable and hence satisfy the obligation placed upon law enforcement by CALEA. Law enforcement, in the fulfillment of its CALEA obligations, has expressed the capacity requirements after careful consideration of the comments to the Initial Notice of Capacity and Second Notice of Capacity.
The methodology used in the formulation of these estimated future capacity requirements represents interception capacity that may be required within various geographic areas.
Both the county and market service area capacity requirements are based on historic interception activity with future capacity projections based on growth factor analyses which draw upon past levels of lawfully authorized interception orders.
The capacity requirements are being expressed in a solution neutral manner. Switch specific delineation of capacity requirements would be contrary to the letter and spirit of CALEA. Furthermore, promulgation of capacity requirements on a switch-specific basis presupposes a solution and does not allow any flexibility for the industry and would be dated to time-specific configurations.
The dynamic nature of telecommunications technology, and of the telecommunications industry itself, does not lend itself to the delineation of capacity requirements of a more granular nature. Law enforcement, in the publication of estimated future capacity requirements, projected capacity requirements that would be applicable regardless of individual carrier network deployment strategies.
Additionally, law enforcement can not articulate capacity requirements in any greater detailed fashion without endangering the public safety and risking exposure of law enforcement sensitive information. The dynamic nature of criminal activity precludes law enforcement from publishing capacity requirements at such a detailed level that would aid the criminal element in determining where law enforcement is focusing its interception efforts.
Capacity requirements as published in this Final Notice of Capacity represent law enforcement's future estimated actual and maximum interception needs in each geographic area. Carriers are encouraged to propose solutions that adequately meet law enforcement needs within a given geographic area. A carrier's specific network configuration may afford the carrier opportunities to propose unique solutions by which it can meet law enforcement requirements.
The obligation to satisfy the capacity requirements in a cost- effective and reasonable manner is the responsibility of all carriers that operate within a given geographic area. Although law enforcement can not dictate how carriers should apply the capacity requirements, law enforcement is providing guidance to the industry as to the distribution of capacity requirements within a particular geographic area.
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Capacity Requirements for Wireline Carriers
Law enforcement is providing notice of the estimated number of future communication interceptions, pen register and trap and trace device-based interceptions that may be conducted simultaneously in a given geographic area. Counties have been selected as the appropriate geographic basis for expressing interception capacity requirements for telecommunications carriers offering local exchange service (i.e., wireline carriers). Appendix A lists all actual and maximum estimates by county. (Appendix A is available in the FBI's reading room for review). These numbers represent estimates of potential future simultaneous call content interceptions and interceptions of call- identifying information for each county in the United States and its territories. Wireline carriers may ascertain the actual and maximum capacity estimates that will affect them by looking up in Appendix A the county (or counties) for which they offer local exchange service. These future capacity requirement estimates will remain in effect for all telecommunications carriers providing wireline service to these areas until such time, if any, as the Attorney General publishes a notice of any necessary increase in the maximum capacity pursuant to section 104(c) of CALEA.
County capacity requirements represent the estimated future number of all types of interceptions that may be conducted simultaneously anywhere within the county. When effective, the county capacity requirements apply to all existing and any future wireline carriers offering local exchange service in each county, regardless of the type of equipment used or the customer base. Individual carriers configure their networks differently, and as a result, law enforcement recognizes that carriers may pursue different solutions for meeting the capacity requirements.
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Capacity Requirements for Wireless Carriers
Law enforcement is providing notice of the estimated number of future communication interceptions, pen register and trap and trace device-based interceptions that may be conducted simultaneously in a given geographic area and has selected market service areas--MSAs, RSAs, MTAs, and BTAs--as the appropriate geographic basis for expressing actual and maximum interception capacity requirements for telecommunications carriers offering wireless services, specifically those providing cellular and PCS services (i.e., wireless carriers). Appendix B lists all actual and maximum capacity estimates for MSAs and RSAs; Appendix C lists all actual and maximum capacity estimates for MTAs; and Appendix D lists all the actual and maximum estimates for BTAs. (Appendixes B, C, and D are available in the FBI's reading room for review). These numbers represent estimates of potential future simultaneous call content interceptions and interceptions of call- identifying information for each market service area. These future capacity requirement estimates will remain in effect for all wireless carriers providing service to these areas until such time, if any, as the Attorney General publishes a notice of any necessary increases in maximum capacity pursuant to section 104(c) of CALEA.
In all cases, the statement of interception capacity for a wireless market service area reflects law enforcement's estimated future number of interceptions that may be conducted simultaneously anywhere in the service area. Law enforcement must be capable of conducting interceptions at any time, regardless of the location of a subject's
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mobile telephone device within the service area. Once effective, the market service area capacity requirements apply to all existing and any future telecommunications carrier offering wireless service in each market. Individual carriers configure their networks differently, and as a result, law enforcement recognizes that carriers may pursue different solutions for meeting the capacity requirements.
In response to comments submitted to the Second Notice of Capacity and in order to offer some flexibility for PCS carriers, law enforcement has chosen to amend the treatment of capacity as to the geographic areas for PCS carriers serving Major Trading Areas (MTAs) and Basic Trading Areas (BTAs). Because each PCS market capacity requirement is based on the historic activity of its respective and composite cellular markets, every PCS license holder will have the following options: (1) Provide for the equivalent total capacity of the composite cellular markets served (MSAs and RSAs, as delineated in Appendix B), or (2) provide the PCS requirements for MTAs and BTAs as delineated in Appendix C and D.
The first option is responsive to the concerns of PCS carriers in that it allows for PCS capacity requirements to more closely match the cellular historical activity from which both the cellular and PCS requirements were derived. This option addresses geographically large PCS license areas that have capacity requirements driven by a small number of their composite cellular markets. This option is available to PCS license holders provided that their systems and services can be shown to serve only a portion of the MTA or BTA that can be described with reference to one or more composite cellular markets. As a PCS service provider expands to offer service throughout a PCS license area, the PCS carrier would be responsible for the cumulative total of the capacity requirements of the composite cellular markets.
The second option allows a PCS carrier, serving an entire license area (composed of its respective and composite cellular markets), to meet law enforcement capacity requirements everywhere throughout the market area. The simultaneity of all historic interceptions occurring within the geographic area now served by a PCS market is the only way for law enforcement to represent its estimated actual and maximum capacity requirements. Therefore, this second option can be used by those PCS carriers providing telecommunications services throughout the market area.
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Capacity Application
With reference to the matter of applying interception capacity so as to accommodate the estimated actual and maximum future capacity numbers specified for the various geographical areas set forth for wireline and wireless carriers in this Final Notice of Capacity, distribution of interception capacity will be addressed either pursuant to CALEA Section 104(d) and (e) or otherwise.
1. Although law enforcement cannot, under CALEA, dictate solutions, it is law enforcement's position, consistent with CALEA, that carriers should consider solutions and approaches for accommodating the published capacity requirements in a way that maximizes cost- effectiveness.
2. Each carrier's deployment strategy must ensure that, if needed, the estimated actual and maximum capacity requirements set forth for the applicable geographic areas can be met. Two points require emphasis: (1) The capacity numbers set forth are for a geographic area and are not switch-specific requirements, and (2) no carrier will be expected to provide capacity in excess of the geographically-based capacity numbers set forth in this Final Notice of Capacity. Until such time, if any, that law enforcement seeks modification of the maximum capacity numbers in any geographic area through the publication of a new capacity notice, no carrier will be expected to provide capacity in excess of the maximum capacity specified for that area.
3. Switches serving multiple geographic areas will need to address the potential cumulative requirement specified for those geographic areas.
4. Law enforcement believes that the industry will develop several solutions for meeting the geographically-based capacity requirements as stated in this Final Notice of Capacity. In the event that a carrier elects to deploy a switch-based solution, it should consider the following information: Nominal Levels of Capacity
Under this Final Notice of Capacity, carriers will find that the overwhelming majority of the geographic areas delineated in the Notice have estimated capacity requirements that are quite nominal.
The nominal character of the capacity requirements for the 3,146 counties delineated in Appendix A can be summarized by the following statistics. Over 66 percent of all counties (2,089) have an actual capacity requirement of two and a maximum capacity requirement of three simultaneous interceptions. As described earlier in this Final Notice of Capacity, these thresholds were based on a county historic experience of one interception. Approximately 90 percent of all counties (2,807) have an actual capacity requirement of twelve or less and a maximum capacity requirement of sixteen simultaneous interceptions or less.
The nominal character of the capacity requirements for the 734 cellular market service areas delineated in Appendix B can be summarized by the following statistics. Approximately 70 percent of all markets (510) have an actual capacity requirement of two and a maximum capacity requirement of four simultaneous interceptions. As described earlier in this Final Notice of Capacity, this threshold was based on a market service area historic experience of one interception. Over 83 percent of all cellular market service areas (614) have an actual capacity requirement of twelve or less and a maximum capacity requirement of twenty simultaneous interceptions or less. Wireline High-End Switch Capacity
In order to offer capacity guidance to those carriers that are offering service in the relatively small number of counties where the estimated actual and maximum capacity numbers may be somewhat sizeable, (e.g., 17 out of the 3,146 counties have maximum capacity requirements of 235 or more) and who choose to pursue a switch-based solution, law enforcement is providing a high-end capacity ceiling that it would expect from any one switch. The interception data collected during the two year survey period indicates that there is a discernable difference in the interception requirements that law enforcement would need depending upon the type of surveillance conducted. The data indicates that the highest level of historic call-identifying information-based interceptions experienced by any one switch was 235, while the highest level of historic call content-based interceptions experienced by any one switch was 45. Applying the previously described wireline growth factors, the data suggests that a maximum of 386 call-identifying information-based interceptions and a maximum of 75 call content-based interceptions may occur on a switch. This information has led law enforcement to decide that it will not require any wireline carrier to effect more than 386 simultaneous call-identifying information-based interceptions or more than 75 call content-based interceptions from any one switch, regardless of the actual and
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maximum capacity requirements of the counties served by that switch. Wireless High-End Switch Capacity
In order to offer capacity guidance to those carriers that are offering service in the relatively small number of market service areas where the estimated actual and maximum capacity numbers may be somewhat sizeable, (e.g., 30 out of the 734 cellular market service areas have maximum capacity requirements of 58 or more) and who choose to pursue a switch-based solution, law enforcement is providing a high-end capacity ceiling that it would expect from any one switch. The interception data collected during the two year survey period indicates that there is a discernable difference in the interception requirements that law enforcement would need depending upon the type of surveillance conducted. The data indicates that the highest level of historic call- identifying information-based interceptions experienced by any one carrier in a given market was 58, while the highest level of historic call content-based interceptions experienced by any one carrier in a given market was 41. Applying the previously described wireless growth factors, the data suggests that a maximum of 163 call-identifying information-based interceptions and a maximum of 114 call content-based interceptions may occur in a market for which a carrier would be responsible. This information has led law enforcement to decide that it will not require any wireless carrier to effect more than 163 simultaneous call-identifying information-based interceptions or more than 114 call content-based interceptions from any one switch in a market, regardless of the actual and maximum capacity requirements of the market service areas served by that switch. This guidance can be used by any wireless carrier covered by this Final Notice of Capacity.
With reference to the matter of applying interception capacity to accommodate the actual and maximum future capacity numbers specified for the various geographical areas set forth for wireline and wireless carriers in this Final Notice of Capacity in those instances that are not covered by CALEA Section 104(d) and (e), (where carriers are obligated to meet the interception capacity requirements without reimbursement) the following information is offered:
1. The interception capacity requirement within each wireline or wireless geographic area can be applied and capacity distributed at the discretion of each carrier.
Carriers are in the best position to make judgments about how they will be best able to meet the capacity requirement obligation within each geographic area based upon the solutions they choose to use in each area. Solutions that a carrier may choose to deploy could include centralized, network-based solutions or switch-based solutions, combinations of these, or other solutions that may be developed within the telecommunications industry.
2. From a law enforcement perspective, the fundamental concern is that interception capacity must be available as needed. Hence, as long as carriers can accommodate the interception capacity required when needed, the capacity could be addressed and applied as either reserved or deployed.
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Delivery of Capacity Requirements
Comments from interested parties have requested greater clarity in law enforcement's definition of an interception for the purpose of applying law enforcement's capacity requirements to ensure a CALEA- compliant solution. Interested parties have also commented requesting clarification as to the matter of ``delivery'' as delivery would relate to law enforcement's estimated capacity requirement per interception. In order to provide such additional clarification, the following illustrative examples are being furnished. They are not intended as an exhaustive list of options for the industry to pursue. As different solutions are developed by the industry, the delivery of law enforcement's estimated capacity requirements may change accordingly.
For pen register and trap and trace device-based interceptions, where only call-identifying dialing and signaling information is collected by the carrier and delivered to law enforcement, it is anticipated that one delivery channel per interception will suffice for the delivery of such information to law enforcement. This figure presupposes, and is based on, a solution where a carrier will ``extract'' any and all dialed digits and related signaling from a subject's voice channel necessary to fully complete a call and provide such information on a single delivery channel. Another solution may require two delivery channels per interception to law enforcement if such dialed digits and related signaling are not extracted from a subject's voice channel by a carrier. Furthermore, a carrier may choose to consolidate the delivery of many pen register and trap and trace device-based interceptions onto a single delivery channel. The specific solution chosen by a carrier will therefore dictate the number of delivery channels necessary to accommodate pen register and trap and trace device-based interceptions.
In the case of communications content interceptions, the number of delivery channels required will be dependent on the specific services and features made available by a carrier in any given geographic area. Law enforcement further believes that the industry will develop and deploy additional services and features in the future which will also impact the delivery of communications content interceptions to law enforcement. Any solution developed and deployed by the industry would need to accommodate those additional services and features.
The following examples are intended to further clarify the delivery of law enforcement's estimated capacity requirements, based on the information currently available to law enforcement, should a carrier choose to effect a switch-based CALEA-compliant solution. The following examples do not advocate or discourage the selection and deployment of any particular solution.
For the majority of counties, (2,089 of 3,146, or 66.4 percent) where the estimated wireline actual capacity requirement is two and the estimated maximum capacity requirement is three, the delivery of intercepted call-identifying information to law enforcement may take on any of the following forms. In the event that all of the interceptions are call-identifying information interceptions, the smallest number of delivery channels necessary would be one. This would be the case when a carrier extracts post cut-through dialed digits and related signaling and consolidates all of this information onto a single delivery channel and all of the information is intended for a single law enforcement agency.
The largest possible number of delivery channels required per interception for these 2,089 counties occur under circumstances where every interception was a communications content-based interception and the subject of the interception employs advanced features and services. If each such subject subscribes to and simultaneously makes use of three advanced features, a carrier may need to make available up to five delivery channels to law enforcement. These advanced features, being supported by such subjects' service, include but are not limited to call waiting, an incoming call forwarded to voice-mail, and a conference call. The delivery of all of the potential intercepted
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communications content and call-identifying information associated with these features could necessitate up to 15 delivery channels for the entire county for the simultaneous delivery to law enforcement of all of the potential communications and related call-identifying information supported by the subjects' service.
An additional 820 (26.1 percent) counties have estimated wireline maximum capacity requirements of 25 or less. In the case where all 25 interceptions are call-identifying information-based interceptions, a carrier may be required to provide 50 channels for the delivery of dialed digits and related signaling information. This number would decrease where the carrier extracts post cut-through dialed digits and signaling and consolidates the information on a single delivery channel. The largest possible number of delivery channels a carrier may be required to provide would be where all 25 interceptions were communications content-based and the subject of each interception utilizes a number of advanced features. As in the previous example, if each subject subscribes to and simultaneously makes use of three advanced features, a carrier may need to make up to five delivery channels available to law enforcement. In this example, if every subject within the county subscribes to and employs these services simultaneously, there would be a need for up to 125 delivery channels to be made simultaneously available to law enforcement.
The above two examples have application to 2,909 of the 3,146 (92.5 percent) counties covered by this Final Notice of Capacity. For those relatively few counties where the estimated capacity requirements of a county exceed the maximum levels set forth above for a switch-based solution, the number of delivery channels required would be contingent upon the type of interception and the specific solution chosen by a carrier. The 386 maximum simultaneous interceptions described earlier can include as many as 75 communications content interceptions. Using the previous example, this would result in 311 (386 less 75) channels necessary for the delivery of pen register and trap and trace device interceptions (this would be the case when a carrier extracts post cut- through dialed digits and related signaling and consolidates this information onto a single delivery channel per intercept) and up to five channels for each of the communications content interceptions. The total number of channels would therefore be 686 (5 x 75 = 375 + 311 = 686). This number would be greatly reduced if the information for the 311 pen register and trap and trace device interceptions were to be further consolidated.
For the majority of wireless markets (510 of 734 cellular markets, or 69.5 percent), where the estimated wireless actual capacity requirement is two and the estimated wireless maximum capacity requirement is four, the delivery of intercepted call-identifying information to law enforcement may take on any of the following forms. In the event that all of the interceptions are call-identifying information interceptions, the smallest number of delivery channels necessary would be one. This would be the case when a carrier extracts post cut-through dialed digits and related signaling and consolidates all of this information onto a single delivery channel and all of the information is intended for a single law enforcement agency.
The largest possible number of delivery channels required per interception for these 510 cellular markets would occur under the circumstances where every interception was a communications content- based interception and the subject of the interception employs advanced features and services. If each such subject subscribes to and simultaneously makes use of three advances features, a carrier may need to make available up to five delivery channels to law enforcement. If every subject within the market subscribes to and employs these services simultaneously, there would be a need for up to 20 delivery channels to be made simultaneously available to law enforcement.
An additional 114 (15.5 percent) cellular markets have estimated capacity wireless maximum requirements of 25 or less. In the case where all 25 interceptions are call-identifying information-based interceptions, a carrier may be required to provide 50 channels for the delivery of dialed digit and signaling information. This number would decrease where the carrier extracts post cut-through dialed digits and signaling and consolidates the information on a single delivery channel. The largest possible number of delivery channels a carrier may be required to provide would be in the case where all 25 interceptions were communications content-based and the subject of each interception utilizes advanced features. As in the previous example, if each subject subscribes to and simultaneously makes use of three advanced features, a carrier may need to make up to five delivery channels available to law enforcement. In this example, if every subject within the county subscribes to and employs these services simultaneously, there would be a need for up to 125 delivery channels to be made simultaneously available to law enforcement.
The above two examples have application to 624 of the 734 (85.0 percent) cellular markets covered by this Final Notice of Capacity. For those relatively few markets where the estimated capacity requirements of a market exceed the maximum levels set forth above for a switch- based solution, the number of delivery channels required would be contingent upon the type of interception and the specific solution chosen by a carrier. The 163 maximum simultaneous interceptions described earlier can include as many as 114 communications content interceptions. Using the previous example, this would result in 49 (163 less 114) channels necessary for the delivery of pen register and trap and trace device interceptions (this would be the case when a carrier extracts post cut-through dialed digits and related signaling and consolidates this information onto a single delivery channel per intercept) and up to five channels for each of the communications content interceptions. The total number of channels would therefore be 619 (114 x 5 = 570 + 49 = 619). This number would be reduced if the information for the 49 pen register and trap and trace device interceptions were to be further consolidated.
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Related Issues
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Carrier Statement
Section 104(d) of CALEA requires that within 180 days of this Final Notice of Capacity, a telecommunications carrier shall submit a statement identifying any of its systems or services that do not have the capacity to accommodate simultaneously the number of call content interceptions and interceptions of call-identifying information set forth in this Final Notice of Capacity. Resellers of telecommunication service need not report on systems or services subject to the reporting requirements of another carrier. The information in the Carrier Statement will be used, in conjunction with law enforcement priorities and other factors, to determine the telecommunications carriers that may be reimbursed in accordance with CALEA section 104(e).
A Telecommunications Carrier Statement Template has been developed with the assistance of the telecommunications industry to facilitate submission of the Carrier Statement. Use of the template is not mandatory, but law enforcement
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encourages industry to use the template when identifying any of its systems or services that do not have the capacity to accommodate simultaneously the number of call content interceptions, pen registers, and trap and trace interceptions set forth in this Final Notice of Capacity.
The information to be solicited will include the following: Common Language Location Identifier (CLLI) code or equivalent identifier, switch model or other system or service type, and the city and state where the system or service is located. Unique information required for wireline systems and services will include the host CLLI code if the system or service is a remote, and the county or counties served by the system or service. Unique information required for wireless systems and services will include the MSA or RSA market service area number(s), or the MTA or BTA market trading area number(s) served by the system or service.
The confidentiality of the data received from the telecommunications carriers will be protected by the appropriate statute, regulation, or non-disclosure agreements.
After reviewing the Carrier Statements, the Attorney General may, subject to the availability of appropriations, agree to reimburse a carrier for costs directly associated with modifications to attain capacity requirements in accordance with the final rules on cost recovery. Decisions to enter into cost reimbursement agreements will be based on law enforcement prioritization factors.
On April 10, 1996, the Carrier Statement Notice was published in the Federal Register for comment under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) (61 FR 15974). A sixty-day comment period ensued ending on June 10, 1996. After reviewing the comments received, the Second Carrier Statement Notice was published in the Federal Register on April 24, 1997 (62 FR 20032). It was published a second time on May 6, 1997 (62 FR 24662) to correct the issuing agency. Comments were accepted on the Second Carrier Statement Notice through June 6, 1997. In accordance with the PRA of 1995, public comment has twice been solicited on the reporting and record keeping requirements of the Telecommunications Carrier Statement. These reporting and record keeping requirements have been assigned an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Control Number 1110-0024, which expires on November 30, 2000.
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Cost Recovery Rules
CALEA authorizes the appropriation of $500 million for reimbursing telecommunications carriers for certain reasonable costs directly associated with achieving CALEA compliance. Section 109(e) directs the Attorney General to establish regulations, after notice and comment, for determining such reasonable costs and establishing the procedures whereby telecommunications carriers may seek reimbursement. In accordance with the section 109 (e) mandate, the final rule was published in the Federal Register, 62 FR 13307, on March 20, 1997.
As authorized by section 109, and upon execution of a cooperative agreement, a telecommunications carrier may be reimbursed for the following: (1) All reasonable plant costs directly associated with the modifications performed by the carrier in connection with equipment, facilities, and services installed or deployed on or before January 1, 1995, in order to comply with section 103; (2) additional reasonable plant costs directly associated with making the requirements in section 103 reasonably achievable with respect to equipment, facilities, or services installed or deployed after January 1, 1995; and (3) reasonable plant costs directly associated with modifications of any telecommunications carrier's systems or services, as identified in the Carrier Statement, that do not have the capacity to accommodate simultaneously the number of call content interceptions and interceptions of call-identifying information set forth in this Final Notice of Capacity.
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The Second Notice of Capacity
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Statement of Capacity Requirements in the Second Notice
The Second Notice of Capacity identified the number of simultaneous interceptions that telecommunications carriers should be able to accommodate in a given geographical area as of the date that is 3 years after the date of this Final Notice of Capacity and thereafter.
The Initial Notice of Capacity, being law enforcement's first expression of estimated future interception capacity on a national scale and for all agencies, was viewed by the industry as too ambiguous to adequately convey capacity requirements. The comments to the Initial Notice of Capacity led to a significant change in the methodology used in developing the capacity requirements, as well as to the expression of those requirements on a geographically specific basis. Each of those comments was reviewed and analyzed, and ultimately resulted in the new approach reflected in the Second Notice of Capacity. As discussed later, some comments to the Second Notice of Capacity suggested changes that, if adopted, would have produced a Final Notice of Capacity similar to the Initial Notice of Capacity.
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Discussion of Comments on the Second Notice of Capacity
On January 14, 1997, law enforcement's estimates for future actual and maximum capacity were presented in the Second Notice of Capacity. The Second Notice of Capacity was published in the Federal Register as mandated by section 104 of CALEA. Comments on the Second Notice of Capacity were accepted through March 17, 1997. Twenty-nine parties consisting of individuals, privacy advocates, telecommunications companies and industry associations submitted comments. The substantive comments are set forth in the following fourteen points. 1. The Capacity Requirements Are Not Representative of the Historical Electronic Surveillance Information Supplied by the Industry
Seventeen comments (AirTouch Communications, Ameritech, AT&T Wireless, Bell Atlantic NYNEX Mobile, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, Cellular Mobile Systems of St. Cloud, Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, Center for Democracy and Technology and the Center for National Security Studies, GTE, Harrisonville Telephone Co., MCI, Pacific Telesis Group, Personal Communications Industry Association, SBC Communications, United States Telephone Association, US West) were received on the Second Notice of Capacity stating that the capacity requirements were too high. Twelve of these comments indicated that the numbers were too high and should not be applied to every carrier, nor should the numbers be applied to every switch within a geographic area. Two of these comments stated that the Government failed to estimate its capacity needs in a ``cost-conscious manner''. Two of the comments specifically indicated that the wireless numbers were too high. One comment suggested that the information used in calculating the capacity requirements be audited by the industry in an effort to validate the requirements.
In response to the foregoing comments, law enforcement responds by stating that the future estimated capacity requirements were projected by applying statistical and analytical methods to the historical interception information collected during the survey
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of law enforcement and the telecommunications industry. It should be understood that the projections for the number of potential future interceptions do not mean that they are the numbers of interceptions that law enforcement will in fact effect or intends to effect.
An option considered by law enforcement was to use only industry- provided numbers in calculating capacity requirements. However, there exist areas within the country for which neither industry nor law enforcement data was available. Therefore, the inconsistency in reporting between the industry and law enforcement did not allow for the sole reliance on or use of either set of data. Law enforcement believes, based upon a review of the industry's reporting, that using only information from the industry would have resulted in an underestimation of law enforcement interception capacity requirements in certain areas of the country. 2. The Definition of Expeditious Is Not Realistic for the Expansion From Actual Capacity to Maximum Capacity
Seven comments (AirTouch Communications, Bell Atlantic, Organization for the Promotion and Advancement of Small Telecommunications Companies, Pacific Telesis Group, Personal Communications Industry Association, SBC Communications, Telecommunications Industry Association) were received from the telecommunications industry stating that five business days would not be sufficient to allow a carrier to make the necessary equipment changes or additions to expand its interception capacity from the actual to the maximum capacity.
In order to assure that law enforcement will be able to effect timely interceptions, carriers must be able to expeditiously expand to the maximum capacity within five days. However, law enforcement intends to give as much advance notice and flexibility as possible in fulfilling this requirement.
Further, increasing capacity to meet the maximum requirement under most circumstances should not pose any significant technological hurdle for a service provider because the difference between actual and maximum capacities is very small for most geographic areas. Law enforcement also recognizes that in those instances where the difference between actual and maximum capacity would be sizeable, the increase in capacity requested by law enforcement from actual to maximum capacity would most likely be incremental in nature and solution dependent. Because the solution(s) to be employed is(are) currently not known, law enforcement cannot reasonably predict exact incremental increases in capacity. However, experience has shown that the telecommunications industry has the technical means to respond promptly, and law enforcement has no reason to believe that the industry will not continue to cooperate or be able to respond as needed in this regard. 3. The Second Notice of Capacity Inappropriately Uses a Day as the Base Unit for Calculating Simultaneity
Four comments (Center for Democracy and Technology and the Center for National Security Studies, Pacific Telesis Group, United States Telephone Association, US West) were received indicating that the Second Notice of Capacity inappropriately uses a day as the base unit for calculating simultaneity. One of the comments suggested using traditional industry factors such as traffic engineering ``busy hour'', to determine capacity requirements for individual switches.
The derivation of simultaneity was based on the information available to law enforcement. The records compiled by law enforcement, as described in this Final Notice of Capacity, pertaining to the historic interception activity is only available based upon, and can only be analyzed for, individual days. The use of traffic engineering may be appropriate in traditional telephony but is impossible to apply to surveillance data. Criminal usage patterns, which are not available, would need to be collected and analyzed for these parameters to use traffic engineering principles. Furthermore, law enforcement used a ``day'' as the base unit for calculating simultaneity because court orders are authorized for a certain number of days as opposed to any other measure of time, and because no more detailed information exists. 4. Request for Switch Specific Requirements
Twelve comments (AirTouch Communications, Bell Atlantic NYNEX Mobile, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, Center for Democracy and Technology and the Center for National Security Studies, GTE, Personal Communications Industry Association, SBC Communications, Telecommunications Industry Association, United States Telephone Association, US West) were received requesting switch-specific capacity requirements. Several of the comments suggested that the Government should break the data down on a switch-specific level.
As described in Section IV.C. above, this alternative was considered, but promulgation of capacity requirements on a switch specific basis presupposes a solution, does not allow any flexibility to carriers as networks evolve, and would be less useful to both industry and law enforcement. Nonetheless, after consideration of these comments, law enforcement decided to offer information and guidance on how a carrier may choose to apply the capacity requirements in any given geographic area if the carrier chooses to deploy a switch-based solution (See Section V.C.). That choice will be at the discretion of the carrier. Under those circumstances, if a carrier chooses to deploy a switch-based solution, the capacity requirement can initially be distributed at the discretion of the carrier with the understanding that the estimated actual capacity requirements of the area need to be met. 5. Request for Specific Breakdown of Communications Content, Pen Register, and Trap and Trace Interception Orders
Nine comments (AirTouch Communications, Bell Atlantic NYNEX Mobile, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, Personal Communications Industry Association, SBC Communications, Telecommunications Industry Association, United States Telephone Association) were received stating that the capacity requirements should be delineated according to the type of interception (i.e., pen register, trap and trace, and communications content).
The average national ratio of communications content interceptions to pen register and trap and trace interceptions is not necessarily in any way representative of any specific geographic region, nor is it representative of any specific switching entity. The past ratio of pen registers and traps and traces to full communication content interception was derived from national averages of all interceptions conducted during the 26-month survey period. The Government believes that it would be inappropriate to use any such ratio in all localities as a basis for developing a solution to meet the capacity requirements in a particular area. Any solution developed by the industry must account for the significant variance in the distribution of the types of interceptions. The variance for historical switch-specific data is from zero percent communications content interceptions up to 100 percent
[[Page 12236]]
communications content interceptions from area to area. Several examples exist where the application of the nationwide ratio would clearly hamper law enforcement efforts to conduct electronic surveillance and protect public safety.
Further, law enforcement has concluded that because it does not know the type(s) of surveillance that will be needed in the future, it cannot provide the industry with a specific breakdown of such surveillances by county or market service area based upon past interception activity. Also, owing to the various technical solutions and approaches that carriers are considering for certain capabilities, such as the potential extraction and delivery of post cut-through dialed digits and signaling, law enforcement cannot accurately articulate a specific breakdown of surveillances by type. In the event that a carrier elects to use a solution that is switch-based, the Government has taken steps to quantify the maximum level of pen register and call content interceptions that would be expected from any one switch in terms of a ``high end capacity ceiling'' (see Section V.C.). 6. Request for Specific Number of Call Content Channels (CCC) and Call Data Channel (CDC)
Four comments (AT&T Wireless, SBC Communications, Telecommunications Industry Association, United States Telephone Association) were received requesting that capacity requirements be specified as numbers of CCCs and CDCs.
Law enforcement does not currently know what approaches carriers will employ as solutions to meet CALEA requirements. The suggestion that the required number of CCCs and CDCs should be defined separately presupposes a solution where carriers isolate and deliver all call- identifying information over a CDC, including post cut through digits dialed and related signaling. It would be inappropriate for law enforcement to presuppose any particular solution. Further, the interim industry standard (J-STD-025) does not support the extraction of dual- tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signals, and as such, may lead to very different solutions from those that the comments presuppose. 7. Apportionment of Capacity Requirements Amongst Carriers Serving a Particular Geographical Area
Thirteen comments (AirTouch Communications, AT&T Wireless, Bell Atlantic NYNEX Mobile, BellSouth, Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, Center for Democracy and Technology and the Center for National Security Studies, National Telephone Cooperative Association, Organization for the Promotion and Advancement of Small Telecommunications Companies, Pacific Telesis Group, Personal Communications Industry Association, SBC Communications, Telecommunications Industry Association, Teleport Communications Group) were received stating that capacity requirements should be specified for each carrier serving a particular geographical area based upon each carrier's market share.
An apportionment of capacity amongst carriers cannot reasonably be made based on ever-changing market factors and market shares that law enforcement can only guess at. The inherent instability and constant market share movements within the telecommunications market makes apportionment impossible on a ``percentage of the market'' basis. Furthermore, the historical data does not show any correlation between market share and electronic surveillance activity. For example, in a number of instances where there are multiple services providers in a geographic area, one service provider has accounted for the majority of historic intercepts. However, as discussed above, in a number of instances, an individual carrier can distribute the capacity requirements at its discretion as long as the requirements (as stated in the appendixes to this Final Notice of Capacity) for an entire geographical area are met. Furthermore, if a carrier chooses to deploy a switch-based solution, Section V.C. of this Final Notice of Capacity delineates the maximum simultaneous interceptions that would be expected from any one switch. 8. Capacity Requirements Will Serve as a Barrier to New Entrants in the Market
Six comments (AT&T, AT&T Wireless, Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, MCI, Telecommunications Industry Association, Teleport Communications Group) were received indicating that the capacity requirements will serve as a barrier to new entrants into the market. One comment suggested that the Government should issue a third notice for new entrants.
Law enforcement realizes that a new entrant in a county or market service area can initially expect to capture only a very small portion of the subscriber base. Also, as stated in the previous response and elsewhere above, an individual carrier, based on its unique network configuration, can distribute the capacity requirements at its discretion with the understanding that the capacity requirements as stated in the appendixes to this Final Notice of Capacity represent law enforcement's estimated actual and maximum capacity requirements for an entire geographical area. Furthermore, if a carrier chooses to deploy a switch-based solution, Section V.C. of this Final Notice of Capacity delineates the maximum simultaneous interceptions that would be expected from any one switch. 9. The Data Used in Deriving the Capacity Requirements Should Be Audited
One comment (Telecommunications Industry Association) was received stating that the data collected during the survey period for the purposes of deriving capacity requirements should be audited.
Law enforcement considered the comment requesting the audit of data used in the calculation of the capacity requirements and concluded that the detailed electronic surveillance information for the entire United States is of a sensitive nature, and should not be disclosed. However, the FBI is prepared to let an individual carrier examine the subset of information pertaining to that carrier's network and historic interception activity. Law enforcement has previously provided carriers with the opportunity to examine such data by which the capacity requirements for their networks were determined. 10. The Methodology Used for the Extrapolation of PCS Capacity Requirements Is Not Appropriate Nor Representative of Law Enforcement Needs
Two comments (BellSouth, Personal Communications Industry Association) were received indicating that the Second Notice of Capacity's method of determining capacity requirements for PCS was incorrect and does not represent law enforcement's needs.
The decision to publish PCS capacity requirements on a market basis was driven by the fact that each individual PCS license holder could serve the entire market at its discretion. With no historical PCS interception activity, as mentioned previously in this Final Notice of Capacity, and the fact that each PCS market is composed of whole or partial cellular markets from which capacity requirements can be reasonably derived, law enforcement believes that market-based requirements offer the most reasonable and supportable means of fulfilling law enforcement's CALEA mandate to publish capacity
[[Page 12237]]
requirements on a geographical basis for all carriers.
After consideration of the comments from the PCS industry and in order to offer some flexibility for PCS carriers, law enforcement has chosen to amend the geographical areas that can be used for the PCS capacity requirements for those PCS carriers serving Major Trading Areas (MTA) and Basic Trading Areas (BTA). Every PCS license holder will have the option of supporting either the equivalent total capacity requirements of the composite cellular markets (MSAs & RSAs as delineated in Appendix B) in which the license holder can provide service or the PCS requirements for MTAs and BTAs as delineated in Appendixes C and D, respectively. This approach is responsive to PCS carriers' concern about PCS markets not accurately reflecting historical surveillance activity, and it allows a PCS carrier to increase its capacity as it expands into new service areas. 11. Any Negotiation Between Law Enforcement and a Carrier Regarding the Capacity Requirements in One or More Geographical Areas Should Be Made Part of the Public Record
Two comments (Ameritech, Personal Communications Industry Association) were received stating that any negotiation between the Government and carriers regarding capacity requirements should be made available to the public.
The Final Notice of Capacity defines the estimated actual and maximum capacity requirements on a geographical basis for wireline and wireless (cellular and PCS) carriers. Law enforcement will not alter these actual or maximum capacity requirements with any carrier. Law enforcement has met its statutory requirement by making public the number of interceptions it estimates it may need to conduct in specified geographic areas in the future. The capacity requirements reflect the total number of communications content, pen register, and trap and trace interceptions that law enforcement estimates it may need to conduct. Furthermore, law enforcement has suggested information and guidance for the application of the requirements to the industry within this Final Notice of Capacity. 12. Growth Factor Derivation is Inappropriate and Not At All Reflective of Overall Crime Trends
Four comments (AT&T Wireless, BellSouth, Telecommunications Industry Association, United States Telephone Association) were received stating that the growth factor derivation was inappropriate and not reflective of overall crime trends. One comment suggested using zero or negative growth rates.
Overall crime trends are not necessarily indicative of, or directly related to, electronic surveillance needs. While certain types of crime may be decreasing, the record for electronic surveillance orders, as shown by the Wiretap Reports and the DOJ reports on the use of pen registers and trap and traces, indicates that over time federal, state, and local investigations have required and increased use of electronic surveillance. It must be stated that law enforcement agencies and prosecutorial offices (as well as the courts) have relied on the use of electronic surveillance where required notwithstanding overall crime trends. Also, the maximum capacity requirements are not representative of the number of interceptions that law enforcement expects to perform on a regular basis, but rather a capacity ceiling to be used by the industry in the development of technical solutions. 13. The Methodology Used in the Formulation of Capacity Requirements Is Inappropriate
Nine comments (Ameritech, AT&T Wireless, Bell Atlantic NYNEX Mobile, BellSouth, Center for Democracy and Technology and the Center for National Security Studies, GTE, SBC Communications, Telecommunications Industry Association, United States Telephone Association) were received questioning the methodology used for determining capacity requirements.
As discussed in Section IV.C., alternative methods of expressing capacity requirements were considered. The methodology used to determine future capacity requirements projects the potential interception needs of law enforcement in geographic areas to the maximum extent practicable. Both the wireline county and the wireless market service area requirements were based on historic interception activity and used growth factors derived from past interception trends as well as commonly-used statistical tools in the issuance of lawfully authorized surveillance orders. 14. The Final Notice of Capacity Should Express Capacity Requirements in Terms of Engineered Capacity
One comment (Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association) requested that the capacity requirements be expressed in terms of ``engineered capacity''.
In the Initial Notice of Capacity, requirements were expressed as a percentage of the engineered capacity of equipment, facilities, and services. It was thought that in so doing, carriers would have more flexibility in addressing the capacity requirements. Comments submitted on the Initial Notice of Capacity, however, questioned the meaning of engineered capacity and recommended that capacity requirements be expressed as fixed numbers rather than as percentages. In response, law enforcement re-examined this issue and found that using fixed numbers for each county and market service area would be a clearer way to express capacity requirements without tying them to constantly-changing components of telecommunications networks.
After consideration of the aforementioned comments, law enforcement decided to offer information and guidance on ways that a carrier may choose to apply the capacity requirements in any given geographic area (See Section V.C.).
Dated: March 3, 1998. Louis Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice.
[[Page 12238]]
Appendix A.--Notice of Capacity Requirements by County for Telecommunications Carriers Providing Local Services [Numbers represent historical simultaneous interceptions and an estimation of the simultaneous requirement of pen register, trap and trace, and call content interceptions that may be conducted anywhere within a county.]*
County requirement
Estimated Estimated
State
County
actual
maximum
interceptions interceptions Historical that may be that may be experience conducted conducted
Alabama............................ Autauga....................
3
4
2 Alabama............................ Baldwin....................
3
4
2 Alabama............................ Barbour....................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Bibb.......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Blount.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Bullock....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Butler.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Calhoun....................
11
15
8 Alabama............................ Chambers...................
18
24
14 Alabama............................ Cherokee...................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Chilton....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Choctaw....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Clarke.....................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Clay.......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Cleburne...................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Coffee.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Colbert....................
6
8
4 Alabama............................ Conecuh....................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Coosa......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Covington..................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Crenshaw...................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Cullman....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Dale.......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Dallas.....................
8
11
6 Alabama............................ DeKalb.....................
3
4
2 Alabama............................ Elmore.....................
3
4
2 Alabama............................ Escambia...................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Etowah.....................
4
6
3 Alabama............................ Fayette....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Franklin...................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Geneva.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Greene.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Hale.......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Henry......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Houston....................
6
8
4 Alabama............................ Jackson....................
8
11
6 Alabama............................ Jefferson..................
77
101
61 Alabama............................ Lamar......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Lauderdale.................
6
8
4 Alabama............................ Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Lee........................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Limestone..................
4
6
3 Alabama............................ Lowndes....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Macon......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Madison....................
63
83
50 Alabama............................ Marengo....................
9
12
7 Alabama............................ Marion.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Marshall...................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Mobile.....................
62
81
49 Alabama............................ Monroe.....................
2
3
1 Alabama............................ Montgomery.................
24
32
19 Alabama............................ Morgan.....................
9
12
7 Alabama............................ Perry......................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Pickens....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Pike.......................
7
10
5 Alabama............................ Randolph...................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Russell....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Shelby.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ St. Clair..................
12
16
9 Alabama............................ Sumter.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Talladega..................
6
8
4 Alabama............................ Tallapoosa.................
8
11
6 Alabama............................ Tuscaloosa.................
12
16
9
[[Page 12239]]
Alabama............................ Walker.....................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Washington.................
2
3
0 Alabama............................ Wilcox.....................
6
8
4 Alabama............................ Winston....................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Aleutians East.............
14
19
11 Alaska............................. Aleutians West.............
6
8
4 Alaska............................. Anchorage..................
57
75
45 Alaska............................. Bethel.....................
3
4
2 Alaska............................. Bristol Bay................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Denali.....................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Dillingham.................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Fairbanks North Star.......
2
3
1 Alaska............................. Haines.....................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Juneau.....................
9
12
7 Alaska............................. Kenai Peninsula............
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Ketchikan Gateway..........
47
62
37 Alaska............................. Kodiak Island..............
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Lake and Peninsula.........
2
3
1 Alaska............................. Matanuska-Susitna..........
6
8
4 Alaska............................. Nome.......................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. North Slope................
6
8
4 Alaska............................. Northwest Arctic...........
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Prince of Wales-Ketchikan..
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Sitka......................
2
3
1 Alaska............................. Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon......
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Southeast Fairbanks........
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Valdez-Cordova.............
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Wade Hampton...............
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Wrangell-Petersburg........
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Yakutat....................
2
3
0 Alaska............................. Yukon-Koyukuk..............
7
10
5 American Samoa..................... American Samoa.............
2
3
0 Arizona............................ Apache.....................
2
3
0 Arizona............................ Cochise....................
37
49
29 Arizona............................ Coconino...................
6
8
4 Arizona............................ Gila.......................
2
3
0 Arizona............................ Graham.....................
2
3
0 Arizona............................ Greenlee...................
2
3
0 Arizona............................ La Paz.....................
2
3
0 Arizona............................ Maricopa...................
502
655
398 Arizona............................ Mohave.....................
21
28
16 Arizona............................ Navajo.....................
2
3
1 Arizona............................ Pima.......................
148
193
117 Arizona............................ Pinal......................
14
19
11 Arizona............................ Santa Cruz.................
14
19
11 Arizona............................ Yavapai....................
17
23
13 Arizona............................ Yuma.......................
41
54
32 Arkansas........................... Arkansas...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Ashley.....................
2
3
1 Arkansas........................... Baxter.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Benton.....................
3
4
2 Arkansas........................... Boone......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Bradley....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Calhoun....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Carroll....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Chicot.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Clark......................
3
4
2 Arkansas........................... Clay.......................
2
3
1 Arkansas........................... Cleburne...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Cleveland..................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Columbia...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Conway.....................
2
3
1 Arkansas........................... Craighead..................
2
3
0
[[Page 12240]]
Arkansas........................... Crawford...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Crittenden.................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Cross......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Dallas.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Desha......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Drew.......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Faulkner...................
2
3
1 Arkansas........................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Fulton.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Garland....................
21
28
16 Arkansas........................... Grant......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Greene.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Hempstead..................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Hot Spring.................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Howard.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Independence...............
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Izard......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Jefferson..................
11
15
8 Arkansas........................... Johnson....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Lafayette..................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Lee........................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Little River...............
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Logan......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Lonoke.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Marion.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Miller.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Mississippi................
13
17
10 Arkansas........................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Montgomery.................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Nevada.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Newton.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Ouachita...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Perry......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Phillips...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Pike.......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Poinsett...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Polk.......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Pope.......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Prairie....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Pulaski....................
22
29
17 Arkansas........................... Randolph...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Saline.....................
6
8
4 Arkansas........................... Scott......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Searcy.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Sebastian..................
3
4
2 Arkansas........................... Sevier.....................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Sharp......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... St. Francis................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Stone......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Union......................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Van Buren..................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Washington.................
6
8
4 Arkansas........................... White......................
3
4
2 Arkansas........................... Woodruff...................
2
3
0 Arkansas........................... Yell.......................
2
3
0 California......................... Alameda....................
142
186
112 California......................... Alpine.....................
2
3
0 California......................... Amador.....................
14
19
11 California......................... Butte......................
8
11
6
[[Page 12241]]
California......................... Calaveras..................
3
4
2 California......................... Colusa.....................
2
3
0 California......................... Contra Costa...............
72
94
57 California......................... Del Norte..................
4
6
3 California......................... El Dorado..................
11
15
8 California......................... Fresno.....................
52
68
41 California......................... Glenn......................
2
3
1 California......................... Humboldt...................
8
11
6 California......................... Imperial...................
29
38
23 California......................... Inyo.......................
2
3
0 California......................... Kern.......................
42
55
33 California......................... Kings......................
2
3
1 California......................... Lake.......................
4
6
3 California......................... Lassen.....................
2
3
0 California......................... Los Angeles................
1360
1773
1080 California......................... Madera.....................
17
23
13 California......................... Marin......................
56
73
44 California......................... Mariposa...................
4
6
3 California......................... Mendocino..................
7
10
5 California......................... Merced.....................
12
16
9 California......................... Modoc......................
2
3
0 California......................... Mono.......................
2
3
0 California......................... Monterey...................
27
36
21 California......................... Napa.......................
13
17
10 California......................... Nevada.....................
13
17
10 California......................... Orange.....................
147
192
116 California......................... Placer.....................
16
21
12 California......................... Plumas.....................
2
3
0 California......................... Riverside..................
86
113
68 California......................... Sacramento.................
110
144
87 California......................... San Benito.................
2
3
1 California......................... San Bernardino.............
52
68
41 California......................... San Diego..................
332
433
263 California......................... San Francisco..............
96
126
76 California......................... San Joaquin................
33
43
26 California......................... San Luis Obispo............
16
21
12 California......................... San Mateo..................
65
85
51 California......................... Santa Barbara..............
18
24
14 California......................... Santa Clara................
143
187
113 California......................... Santa Cruz.................
16
21
12 California......................... Shasta.....................
14
19
11 California......................... Sierra.....................
2
3
0 California......................... Siskiyou...................
7
10
5 California......................... Solano.....................
32
42
25 California......................... Sonoma.....................
72
94
57 California......................... Stanislaus.................
24
32
19 California......................... Sutter.....................
11
15
8 California......................... Tehama.....................
4
6
3 California......................... Trinity....................
2
3
0 California......................... Tulare.....................
18
24
14 California......................... Tuolumne...................
2
3
0 California......................... Ventura....................
29
38
23 California......................... Yolo.......................
13
17
10 California......................... Yuba.......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Adams......................
32
42
25 Colorado........................... Alamosa....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Arapahoe...................
79
103
62 Colorado........................... Archuleta..................
3
4
2 Colorado........................... Baca.......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Bent.......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Boulder....................
19
25
15 Colorado........................... Chaffee....................
2
3
1 Colorado........................... Cheyenne...................
2
3
0
[[Page 12242]]
Colorado........................... Clear Creek................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Conejos....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Costilla...................
12
16
9 Colorado........................... Crowley....................
4
6
3 Colorado........................... Custer.....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Delta......................
3
4
2 Colorado........................... Denver.....................
148
193
117 Colorado........................... Dolores....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Douglas....................
8
11
6 Colorado........................... Eagle......................
4
6
3 Colorado........................... El Paso....................
32
42
25 Colorado........................... Elbert.....................
2
3
1 Colorado........................... Fremont....................
2
3
1 Colorado........................... Garfield...................
9
12
7 Colorado........................... Gilpin.....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Grand......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Gunnison...................
4
6
3 Colorado........................... Hinsdale...................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Huerfano...................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Jefferson..................
42
55
33 Colorado........................... Kiowa......................
3
4
2 Colorado........................... Kit Carson.................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... La Plata...................
3
4
2 Colorado........................... Lake.......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Larimer....................
40
53
31 Colorado........................... Las Animas.................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Logan......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Mesa.......................
8
11
6 Colorado........................... Mineral....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Moffat.....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Montezuma..................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Montrose...................
3
4
2 Colorado........................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Otero......................
3
4
2 Colorado........................... Ouray......................
2
3
1 Colorado........................... Park.......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Phillips...................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Pitkin.....................
6
8
4 Colorado........................... Prowers....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Pueblo.....................
2
3
1 Colorado........................... Rio Blanco.................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Rio Grande.................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Routt......................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Saguache...................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... San Juan...................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... San Miguel.................
8
11
6 Colorado........................... Sedgwick...................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Summit.....................
8
11
6 Colorado........................... Teller.....................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Colorado........................... Weld.......................
11
15
8 Colorado........................... Yuma.......................
2
3
1 Connecticut........................ Fairfield..................
76
100
60 Connecticut........................ Hartford...................
66
86
52 Connecticut........................ Litchfield.................
16
21
12 Connecticut........................ Middlesex..................
7
10
5 Connecticut........................ New Haven..................
77
101
61 Connecticut........................ New London.................
22
29
17 Connecticut........................ Tolland....................
2
3
0 Connecticut........................ Windham....................
3
4
2 z Delaware........................... Kent.......................
11
15
8
[[Page 12243]]
Delaware........................... New Castle.................
29
38
23 Delaware........................... Sussex.....................
6
8
4 District of Columbia............... District of Columbia.......
216
282
171 Florida............................ Alachua....................
7
10
5 Florida............................ Baker......................
3
4
2 Florida............................ Bay........................
8
11
6 Florida............................ Bradford...................
2
3
1 Florida............................ Brevard....................
56
73
44 Florida............................ Broward....................
222
290
176 Florida............................ Calhoun....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Charlotte..................
3
4
2 Florida............................ Citrus.....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Clay.......................
3
4
2 Florida............................ Collier....................
13
17
10 Florida............................ Columbia...................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Dade.......................
570
743
452 Florida............................ DeSoto.....................
3
4
2 Florida............................ Dixie......................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Duval......................
61
80
48 Florida............................ Escambia...................
27
36
21 Florida............................ Flagler....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Franklin...................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Gadsden....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Gilchrist..................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Glades.....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Gulf.......................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Hamilton...................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Hardee.....................
2
3
1 Florida............................ Hendry.....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Hernando...................
13
17
10 Florida............................ Highlands..................
6
8
4 Florida............................ Hillsborough...............
148
193
117 Florida............................ Holmes.....................
3
4
2 Florida............................ Indian River...............
6
8
4 Florida............................ Jackson....................
6
8
4 Florida............................ Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Lafayette..................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Lake.......................
18
24
14 Florida............................ Lee........................
46
60
36 Florida............................ Leon.......................
6
8
4 Florida............................ Levy.......................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Liberty....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Madison....................
2
3
1 Florida............................ Manatee....................
31
41
24 Florida............................ Marion.....................
18
24
14 Florida............................ Martin.....................
4
6
3 Florida............................ Monroe.....................
22
29
17 Florida............................ Nassau.....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Okaloosa...................
11
15
8 Florida............................ Okeechobee.................
2
3
1 Florida............................ Orange.....................
46
60
36 Florida............................ Osceola....................
11
15
8 Florida............................ Palm Beach.................
97
127
77 Florida............................ Pasco......................
21
28
16 Florida............................ Pinellas...................
121
158
96 Florida............................ Polk.......................
31
41
24 Florida............................ Putnam.....................
11
15
8 Florida............................ Santa Rosa.................
8
11
6 Florida............................ Sarasota...................
37
49
29 Florida............................ Seminole...................
16
21
12 Florida............................ St. Johns..................
4
6
3 Florida............................ St. Lucie..................
8
11
6 Florida............................ Sumter.....................
2
3
1
[[Page 12244]]
Florida............................ Suwannee...................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Taylor.....................
2
3
1 Florida............................ Union......................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Volusia....................
21
28
16 Florida............................ Wakulla....................
2
3
0 Florida............................ Walton.....................
3
4
2 Florida............................ Washington.................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Appling....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Atkinson...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Bacon......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Baker......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Baldwin....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Banks......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Barrow.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Bartow.....................
4
6
3 Georgia............................ Ben Hill...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Berrien....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Bibb.......................
17
23
13 Georgia............................ Bleckley...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Brantley...................
11
15
8 Georgia............................ Brooks.....................
6
8
4 Georgia............................ Bryan......................
17
23
13 Georgia............................ Bulloch....................
104
136
82 Georgia............................ Burke......................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Butts......................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Calhoun....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Camden.....................
36
47
28 Georgia............................ Candler....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Carroll....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Catoosa....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Charlton...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Chatham....................
16
21
12 Georgia............................ Chattahoochee..............
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Chattooga..................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Cherokee...................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Clarke.....................
4
6
3 Georgia............................ Clay.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Clayton....................
11
15
8 Georgia............................ Clinch.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Cobb.......................
33
43
26 Georgia............................ Coffee.....................
9
12
7 Georgia............................ Colquitt...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Columbia...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Cook.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Coweta.....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Crawford...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Crisp......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Dade.......................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Dawson.....................
4
6
3 Georgia............................ Decatur....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ DeKalb.....................
46
60
36 Georgia............................ Dodge......................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Dooly......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Dougherty..................
7
10
5 Georgia............................ Douglas....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Early......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Echols.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Effingham..................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Elbert.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Emanuel....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Evans......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Fannin.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Fayette....................
3
4
2
[[Page 12245]]
Georgia............................ Floyd......................
7
10
5 Georgia............................ Forsyth....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Franklin...................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Fulton.....................
65
85
51 Georgia............................ Gilmer.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Glascock...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Glynn......................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Gordon.....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Grady......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Greene.....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Gwinnett...................
17
23
13 Georgia............................ Habersham..................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Hall.......................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Hancock....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Haralson...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Harris.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Hart.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Heard......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Henry......................
7
10
5 Georgia............................ Houston....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Irwin......................
6
8
4 Georgia............................ Jackson....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Jasper.....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Jeff Davis.................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Jenkins....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Johnson....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Jones......................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Lamar......................
4
6
3 Georgia............................ Lanier.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Laurens....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Lee........................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Liberty....................
38
50
30 Georgia............................ Lincoln....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Long.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Lowndes....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Lumpkin....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Macon......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Madison....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Marion.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ McDuffie...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ McIntosh...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Meriwether.................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Miller.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Mitchell...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Montgomery.................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Murray.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Muscogee...................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Newton.....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Oconee.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Oglethorpe.................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Paulding...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Peach......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Pickens....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Pierce.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Pike.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Polk.......................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Pulaski....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Putnam.....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Quitman....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Rabun......................
2
3
1
[[Page 12246]]
Georgia............................ Randolph...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Richmond...................
8
11
6 Georgia............................ Rockdale...................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Schley.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Screven....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Seminole...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Spalding...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Stephens...................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Stewart....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Sumter.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Talbot.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Taliaferro.................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Tattnall...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Taylor.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Telfair....................
6
8
4 Georgia............................ Terrell....................
2
3
1 Georgia............................ Thomas.....................
7
10
5 Georgia............................ Tift.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Toombs.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Towns......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Treutlen...................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Troup......................
14
19
11 Georgia............................ Turner.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Twiggs.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Union......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Upson......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Walker.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Walton.....................
3
4
2 Georgia............................ Ware.......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Warren.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Washington.................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Wayne......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Webster....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Wheeler....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ White......................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Whitfield..................
4
6
3 Georgia............................ Wilcox.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Wilkes.....................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Wilkinson..................
2
3
0 Georgia............................ Worth......................
2
3
0 Guam............................... Guam.......................
2
3
0 Hawaii............................. Hawaii.....................
3
4
2 Hawaii............................. Honolulu...................
71
93
56 Hawaii............................. Kauai......................
2
3
0 Hawaii............................. Maui.......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Ada........................
7
10
5 Idaho.............................. Adams......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Bannock....................
8
11
6 Idaho.............................. Bear Lake..................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Benewah....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Bingham....................
2
3
1 Idaho.............................. Blaine.....................
4
6
3 Idaho.............................. Boise......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Bonner.....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Bonneville.................
4
6
3 Idaho.............................. Boundary...................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Butte......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Camas......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Canyon.....................
3
4
2 Idaho.............................. Caribou....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Cassia.....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Clark......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Clearwater.................
2
3
0
[[Page 12247]]
Idaho.............................. Custer.....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Elmore.....................
4
6
3 Idaho.............................. Franklin...................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Fremont....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Gem........................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Gooding....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Idaho......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Jerome.....................
2
3
1 Idaho.............................. Kootenai...................
4
6
3 Idaho.............................. Latah......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Lemhi......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Lewis......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Madison....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Minidoka...................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Nez Perce..................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Oneida.....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Owyhee.....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Payette....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Power......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Shoshone...................
4
6
3 Idaho.............................. Teton......................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Twin Falls.................
17
23
13 Idaho.............................. Valley.....................
2
3
0 Idaho.............................. Washington.................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Adams......................
14
19
11 Illinois........................... Alexander..................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Bond.......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Boone......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Brown......................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Bureau.....................
8
11
6 Illinois........................... Calhoun....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Carroll....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Cass.......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Champaign..................
16
21
12 Illinois........................... Christian..................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Clark......................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Clay.......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Clinton....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Coles......................
7
10
5 Illinois........................... Cook.......................
318
415
252 Illinois........................... Crawford...................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Cumberland.................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... De Witt....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... DeKalb.....................
3
4
2 Illinois........................... Douglas....................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... DuPage.....................
36
47
28 Illinois........................... Edgar......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Edwards....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Effingham..................
3
4
2 Illinois........................... Fayette....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Ford.......................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Franklin...................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Fulton.....................
11
15
8 Illinois........................... Gallatin...................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Greene.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Grundy.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Hamilton...................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Hancock....................
4
6
3 Illinois........................... Hardin.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Henderson..................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Henry......................
14
19
11
[[Page 12248]]
Illinois........................... Iroquois...................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Jackson....................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Jasper.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Jersey.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Jo Daviess.................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Johnson....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Kane.......................
48
63
38 Illinois........................... Kankakee...................
13
17
10 Illinois........................... Kendall....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Knox.......................
19
25
15 Illinois........................... La Salle...................
8
11
6 Illinois........................... Lake.......................
9
12
7 Illinois........................... Lawrence...................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Lee........................
4
6
3 Illinois........................... Livingston.................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Logan......................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Macon......................
4
6
3 Illinois........................... Macoupin...................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Madison....................
11
15
8 Illinois........................... Marion.....................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Marshall...................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Mason......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Massac.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... McDonough..................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... McHenry....................
3
4
2 Illinois........................... McLean.....................
16
21
12 Illinois........................... Menard.....................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Mercer.....................
12
16
9 Illinois........................... Monroe.....................
18
24
14 Illinois........................... Montgomery.................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Moultrie...................
3
4
2 Illinois........................... Ogle.......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Peoria.....................
8
11
6 Illinois........................... Perry......................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Piatt......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Pike.......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Pope.......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Pulaski....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Putnam.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Randolph...................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Richland...................
4
6
3 Illinois........................... Rock Island................
11
15
8 Illinois........................... Saline.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Sangamon...................
26
34
20 Illinois........................... Schuyler...................
3
4
2 Illinois........................... Scott......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Shelby.....................
2
3
1 Illinois........................... St. Clair..................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Stark......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Stephenson.................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Tazewell...................
6
8
4 Illinois........................... Union......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Vermilion..................
21
28
16 Illinois........................... Wabash.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Warren.....................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... White......................
2
3
0 Illinois........................... Whiteside..................
4
6
3 Illinois........................... Will.......................
9
12
7 Illinois........................... Williamson.................
2
3
1
[[Page 12249]]
Illinois........................... Winnebago..................
7
10
5 Illinois........................... Woodford...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Adams......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Allen......................
9
12
7 Indiana............................ Bartholomew................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Benton.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Blackford..................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Boone......................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Brown......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Carroll....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Cass.......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Clark......................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Clay.......................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Clinton....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Crawford...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Daviess....................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ De Kalb....................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Dearborn...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Decatur....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Delaware...................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Dubois.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Elkhart....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Fayette....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Floyd......................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Fountain...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Franklin...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Fulton.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Gibson.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Grant......................
7
10
5 Indiana............................ Greene.....................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Hamilton...................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Hancock....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Harrison...................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Hendricks..................
6
8
4 Indiana............................ Henry......................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Howard.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Huntington.................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Jackson....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Jasper.....................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Jay........................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Jefferson..................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Jennings...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Johnson....................
6
8
4 Indiana............................ Knox.......................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Kosciusko..................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ La Porte...................
4
6
3 Indiana............................ Lagrange...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Lake.......................
57
75
45 Indiana............................ Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Madison....................
8
11
6 Indiana............................ Marion.....................
33
43
26 Indiana............................ Marshall...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Martin.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Miami......................
4
6
3 Indiana............................ Monroe.....................
7
10
5 Indiana............................ Montgomery.................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Newton.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Noble......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Ohio.......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Orange.....................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Owen.......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Parke......................
3
4
2
[[Page 12250]]
Indiana............................ Perry......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Pike.......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Porter.....................
9
12
7 Indiana............................ Posey......................
6
8
4 Indiana............................ Pulaski....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Putnam.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Randolph...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Ripley.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Rush.......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Scott......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Shelby.....................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Spencer....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ St. Joseph.................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Starke.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Steuben....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Sullivan...................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Switzerland................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Tippecanoe.................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Tipton.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Union......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Vanderburgh................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Vermillion.................
3
4
2 Indiana............................ Vigo.......................
4
6
3 Indiana............................ Wabash.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Warren.....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Warrick....................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Washington.................
4
6
3 Indiana............................ Wayne......................
2
3
1 Indiana............................ Wells......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ White......................
2
3
0 Indiana............................ Whitley....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Adair......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Adams......................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Allamakee..................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Appanoose..................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Audubon....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Benton.....................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Black Hawk.................
6
8
4 Iowa............................... Boone......................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Bremer.....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Buchanan...................
6
8
4 Iowa............................... Buena Vista................
11
15
8 Iowa............................... Butler.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Calhoun....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Carroll....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Cass.......................
3
4
2 Iowa............................... Cedar......................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Cerro Gordo................
9
12
7 Iowa............................... Cherokee...................
3
4
2 Iowa............................... Chickasaw..................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Clarke.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Clay.......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Clayton....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Clinton....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Crawford...................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Dallas.....................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Davis......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Decatur....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Delaware...................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Des Moines.................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Dickinson..................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Dubuque....................
17
23
13 Iowa............................... Emmet......................
2
3
1
[[Page 12251]]
Iowa............................... Fayette....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Floyd......................
9
12
7 Iowa............................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Fremont....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Greene.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Grundy.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Guthrie....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Hamilton...................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Hancock....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Hardin.....................
3
4
2 Iowa............................... Harrison...................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Henry......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Howard.....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Humboldt...................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Ida........................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Iowa.......................
6
8
4 Iowa............................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Jasper.....................
7
10
5 Iowa............................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Johnson....................
6
8
4 Iowa............................... Jones......................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Keokuk.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Kossuth....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Lee........................
3
4
2 Iowa............................... Linn.......................
11
15
8 Iowa............................... Louisa.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Lucas......................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Lyon.......................
8
11
6 Iowa............................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Mahaska....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Marion.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Marshall...................
12
16
9 Iowa............................... Mills......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Mitchell...................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Monona.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Montgomery.................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Muscatine..................
3
4
2 Iowa............................... O'Brien....................
2
3
1 Iowa............................... Osceola....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Page.......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Palo Alto..................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Plymouth...................
9
12
7 Iowa............................... Pocahontas.................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Polk.......................
21
28
16 Iowa............................... Pottawattamie..............
12
16
9 Iowa............................... Poweshiek..................
8
11
6 Iowa............................... Ringgold...................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Sac........................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Scott......................
4
6
3 Iowa............................... Shelby.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Sioux......................
6
8
4 Iowa............................... Story......................
3
4
2 Iowa............................... Tama.......................
6
8
4 Iowa............................... Taylor.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Union......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Van Buren..................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Wapello....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Warren.....................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Webster....................
9
12
7 Iowa............................... Winnebago..................
2
3
0
[[Page 12252]]
Iowa............................... Winneshiek.................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Woodbury...................
8
11
6 Iowa............................... Worth......................
2
3
0 Iowa............................... Wright.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Allen......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Anderson...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Atchison...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Barber.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Barton.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Bourbon....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Brown......................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Butler.....................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Chase......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Chautauqua.................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Cherokee...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Cheyenne...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Clark......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Clay.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Cloud......................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Coffey.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Comanche...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Cowley.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Crawford...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Decatur....................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Dickinson..................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Doniphan...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Douglas....................
4
6
3 Kansas............................. Edwards....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Elk........................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Ellis......................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Ellsworth..................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Finney.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Ford.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Franklin...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Geary......................
4
6
3 Kansas............................. Gove.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Graham.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Grant......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Gray.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Greeley....................
4
6
3 Kansas............................. Greenwood..................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Hamilton...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Harper.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Harvey.....................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Haskell....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Hodgeman...................
8
11
6 Kansas............................. Jackson....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Jewell.....................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Johnson....................
36
47
28 Kansas............................. Kearny.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Kingman....................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Kiowa......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Labette....................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Lane.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Leavenworth................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Linn.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Logan......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Lyon.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Marion.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Marshall...................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. McPherson..................
4
6
3
[[Page 12253]]
Kansas............................. Meade......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Miami......................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Mitchell...................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Montgomery.................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Morris.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Morton.....................
6
8
4 Kansas............................. Nemaha.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Neosho.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Ness.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Norton.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Osage......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Osborne....................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Ottawa.....................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Pawnee.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Phillips...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Pottawatomie...............
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Pratt......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Rawlins....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Reno.......................
4
6
3 Kansas............................. Republic...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Rice.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Riley......................
6
8
4 Kansas............................. Rooks......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Rush.......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Russell....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Saline.....................
9
12
7 Kansas............................. Scott......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Sedgwick...................
23
30
18 Kansas............................. Seward.....................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Shawnee....................
17
23
13 Kansas............................. Sheridan...................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Sherman....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Smith......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Stafford...................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Stanton....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Stevens....................
8
11
6 Kansas............................. Sumner.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Thomas.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Trego......................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Wabaunsee..................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Wallace....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Washington.................
2
3
1 Kansas............................. Wichita....................
3
4
2 Kansas............................. Wilson.....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Woodson....................
2
3
0 Kansas............................. Wyandotte..................
31
41
24 Kentucky........................... Adair......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Allen......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Anderson...................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Ballard....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Barren.....................
3
4
2 Kentucky........................... Bath.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Bell.......................
8
11
6 Kentucky........................... Boone......................
8
11
6 Kentucky........................... Bourbon....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Boyd.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Boyle......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Bracken....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Breathitt..................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Breckinridge...............
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Bullitt....................
12
16
9 Kentucky........................... Butler.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Caldwell...................
2
3
0
[[Page 12254]]
Kentucky........................... Calloway...................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Campbell...................
3
4
2 Kentucky........................... Carlisle...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Carroll....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Carter.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Casey......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Christian..................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Clark......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Clay.......................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Clinton....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Crittenden.................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Cumberland.................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Daviess....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Edmonson...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Elliott....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Estill.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Fayette....................
21
28
16 Kentucky........................... Fleming....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Floyd......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Fulton.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Gallatin...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Garrard....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Grant......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Graves.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Grayson....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Green......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Greenup....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Hancock....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Hardin.....................
3
4
2 Kentucky........................... Harlan.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Harrison...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Hart.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Henderson..................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Henry......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Hickman....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Hopkins....................
4
6
3 Kentucky........................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Jefferson..................
21
28
16 Kentucky........................... Jessamine..................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Johnson....................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Kenton.....................
14
19
11 Kentucky........................... Knott......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Knox.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Larue......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Laurel.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Lee........................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Leslie.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Letcher....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Lewis......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Livingston.................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Logan......................
7
10
5 Kentucky........................... Lyon.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Madison....................
6
8
4 Kentucky........................... Magoffin...................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Marion.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Marshall...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Martin.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Mason......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... McCracken..................
3
4
2 Kentucky........................... McCreary...................
2
3
0
[[Page 12255]]
Kentucky........................... McLean.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Meade......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Menifee....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Mercer.....................
3
4
2 Kentucky........................... Metcalfe...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Montgomery.................
3
4
2 Kentucky........................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Muhlenberg.................
2
3
1 Kentucky........................... Nelson.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Nicholas...................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Ohio.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Oldham.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Owen.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Owsley.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Pendleton..................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Perry......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Pike.......................
8
11
6 Kentucky........................... Powell.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Pulaski....................
7
10
5 Kentucky........................... Robertson..................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Rockcastle.................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Rowan......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Russell....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Scott......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Shelby.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... impson.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Spencer....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Taylor.....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Todd.......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Trigg......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Trimble....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Union......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Warren.....................
4
6
3 Kentucky........................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Webster....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Whitley....................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Wolfe......................
2
3
0 Kentucky........................... Woodford...................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Acadia.....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Allen......................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Ascension..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Assumption.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Avoyelles..................
3
4
2 Louisiana.......................... Beauregard.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Bienville..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Bossier....................
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... Caddo......................
36
47
28 Louisiana.......................... Calcasieu..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Caldwell...................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Cameron....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Catahoula..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Claiborne..................
3
4
2 Louisiana.......................... Concordia..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... De Soto....................
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... East Baton Rouge...........
57
75
45 Louisiana.......................... East Carroll...............
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... East Feliciana.............
4
6
3 Louisiana.......................... Evangeline.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Grant......................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Iberia.....................
2
3
0
[[Page 12256]]
Louisiana.......................... Iberville..................
3
4
2 Louisiana.......................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Jefferson..................
55
72
43 Louisiana.......................... Jefferson Davis............
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... La Salle...................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Lafayette..................
7
10
5 Louisiana.......................... Lafourche..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Lincoln....................
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... Livingston.................
4
6
3 Louisiana.......................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Morehouse..................
4
6
3 Louisiana.......................... Natchitoches...............
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Orleans....................
63
83
50 Louisiana.......................... Ouachita...................
6
8
4 Louisiana.......................... Plaquemines................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Pointe Coupee..............
9
12
7 Louisiana.......................... Rapides....................
6
8
4 Louisiana.......................... Red River..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Richland...................
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... Sabine.....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... St. Bernard................
13
17
10 Louisiana.......................... St. Charles................
3
4
2 Louisiana.......................... St. Helena.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... St. James..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... St. John the Baptist.......
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... St. Landry.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... St. Martin.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... St. Mary...................
4
6
3 Louisiana.......................... St. Tammany................
8
11
6 Louisiana.......................... Tangipahoa.................
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... Tensas.....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Terrebonne.................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Union......................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Vermilion..................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Vernon.....................
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... Washington.................
4
6
3 Louisiana.......................... Webster....................
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... West Baton Rouge...........
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... West Carroll...............
2
3
0 Louisiana.......................... West Feliciana.............
2
3
1 Louisiana.......................... Winn.......................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Androscoggin...............
22
29
17 Maine.............................. Aroostook..................
2
3
1 Maine.............................. Cumberland.................
9
12
7 Maine.............................. Franklin...................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Hancock....................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Kennebec...................
45
59
35 Maine.............................. Knox.......................
8
11
6 Maine.............................. Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Oxford.....................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Penobscot..................
16
21
12 Maine.............................. Piscataquis................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Sagadahoc..................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Somerset...................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. Waldo......................
3
4
2 Maine.............................. Washington.................
2
3
0 Maine.............................. York.......................
7
10
5 Mariana Islands.................... Mariana Islands............
2
3
0 Maryland........................... Allegany...................
3
4
2 Maryland........................... Anne Arundel...............
67
88
53 Maryland........................... Baltimore..................
143
187
113 Maryland........................... Baltimore City.............
90
118
71 Maryland........................... Calvert....................
2
3
1
[[Page 12257]]
Maryland........................... Caroline...................
2
3
0 Maryland........................... Carroll....................
8
11
6 Maryland........................... Cecil......................
11
15
8 Maryland........................... Charles....................
11
15
8 Maryland........................... Dorchester.................
8
11
6 Maryland........................... Frederick..................
12
16
9 Maryland........................... Garrett....................
2
3
0 Maryland........................... Harford....................
13
17
10 Maryland........................... Howard.....................
36
47
28 Maryland........................... Kent.......................
2
3
1 Maryland........................... Montgomery.................
84
110
66 Maryland........................... Prince George's............
152
199
120 Maryland........................... Queen Anne's...............
2
3
0 Maryland........................... Somerset...................
3
4
2 Maryland........................... St. Mary's.................
2
3
1 Maryland........................... Talbot.....................
3
4
2 Maryland........................... Washington.................
7
10
5 Maryland........................... Wicomico...................
4
6
3 Maryland........................... Worcester..................
7
10
5 Massachusetts...................... Barnstable.................
9
12
7 Massachusetts...................... Berkshire..................
2
3
0 Massachusetts...................... Bristol....................
11
15
8 Massachusetts...................... Dukes......................
2
3
0 Massachusetts...................... Essex......................
17
23
13 Massachusetts...................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Massachusetts...................... Hampden....................
21
28
16 Massachusetts...................... Hampshire..................
2
3
1 Massachusetts...................... Middlesex..................
84
110
66 Massachusetts...................... Nantucket..................
2
3
0 Massachusetts...................... Norfolk....................
33
43
26 Massachusetts...................... Plymouth...................
17
23
13 Massachusetts...................... Suffolk....................
77
101
61 Massachusetts...................... Worcester..................
43
57
34 Michigan........................... Alcona.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Alger......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Allegan....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Alpena.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Antrim.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Arenac.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Baraga.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Barry......................
2
3
1 Michigan........................... Bay........................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Benzie.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Berrien....................
8
11
6 Michigan........................... Branch.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Calhoun....................
6
8
4 Michigan........................... Cass.......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Charlevoix.................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Cheboygan..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Chippewa...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Clare......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Clinton....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Crawford...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Delta......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Dickinson..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Eaton......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Emmet......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Genesee....................
7
10
5 Michigan........................... Gladwin....................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Gogebic....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Grand Traverse.............
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Gratiot....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Hillsdale..................
2
3
0
[[Page 12258]]
Michigan........................... Houghton...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Huron......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Ingham.....................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Ionia......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Iosco......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Iron.......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Isabella...................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Jackson....................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Kalamazoo..................
8
11
6 Michigan........................... Kalkaska...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Kent.......................
4
6
3 Michigan........................... Keweenaw...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Lake.......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Lapeer.....................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Leelanau...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Lenawee....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Livingston.................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Luce.......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Mackinac...................
2
3
1 Michigan........................... Macomb.....................
34
45
27 Michigan........................... Manistee...................
2
3
1 Michigan........................... Marquette..................
6
8
4 Michigan........................... Mason......................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Mecosta....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Menominee..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Midland....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Missaukee..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Monroe.....................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Montcalm...................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Montmorency................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Muskegon...................
2
3
1 Michigan........................... Newaygo....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Oakland....................
74
97
58 Michigan........................... Oceana.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Ogemaw.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Ontonagon..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Osceola....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Oscoda.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Otsego.....................
3
4
2 Michigan........................... Ottawa.....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Presque Isle...............
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Roscommon..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Saginaw....................
23
30
18 Michigan........................... Sanilac....................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Schoolcraft................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Shiawassee.................
2
3
1 Michigan........................... St. Clair..................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... St. Joseph.................
2
3
0 Michigan........................... Tuscola....................
8
11
6 Michigan........................... Van Buren..................
6
8
4 Michigan........................... Washtenaw..................
8
11
6 Michigan........................... Wayne......................
193
252
153 Michigan........................... Wexford....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Aitkin.....................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Anoka......................
51
67
40 Minnesota.......................... Becker.....................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Beltrami...................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Benton.....................
7
10
5 Minnesota.......................... Big Stone..................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Blue Earth.................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Brown......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Carlton....................
3
4
2 Minnesota.......................... Carver.....................
8
11
6
[[Page 12259]]
Minnesota.......................... Cass.......................
8
11
6 Minnesota.......................... Chippewa...................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Chisago....................
3
4
2 Minnesota.......................... Clay.......................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Clearwater.................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Cook.......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Cottonwood.................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Crow Wing..................
7
10
5 Minnesota.......................... Dakota.....................
67
88
53 Minnesota.......................... Dodge......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Douglas....................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Faribault..................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Fillmore...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Freeborn...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Goodhue....................
8
11
6 Minnesota.......................... Grant......................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Hennepin...................
264
344
209 Minnesota.......................... Houston....................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Hubbard....................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Isanti.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Itasca.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Kanabec....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Kandiyohi..................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Kittson....................
11
15
8 Minnesota.......................... Koochiching................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Lac qui Parle..............
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Lake.......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Lake of the Woods..........
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Le Sueur...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Lyon.......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Mahnomen...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Marshall...................
9
12
7 Minnesota.......................... Martin.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... McLeod.....................
14
19
11 Minnesota.......................... Meeker.....................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Mille Lacs.................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Morrison...................
7
10
5 Minnesota.......................... Mower......................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Murray.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Nicollet...................
7
10
5 Minnesota.......................... Nobles.....................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Norman.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Olmsted....................
22
29
17 Minnesota.......................... Otter Tail.................
41
54
32 Minnesota.......................... Pennington.................
3
4
2 Minnesota.......................... Pine.......................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Pipestone..................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Polk.......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Pope.......................
3
4
2 Minnesota.......................... Ramsey.....................
100
131
79 Minnesota.......................... Red Lake...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Redwood....................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Renville...................
2
3
1 Minnesota.......................... Rice.......................
9
12
7 Minnesota.......................... Rock.......................
3
4
2 Minnesota.......................... Roseau.....................
9
12
7 Minnesota.......................... Scott......................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Sherburne..................
29
38
23 Minnesota.......................... Sibley.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... St. Louis..................
50
66
39 Minnesota.......................... Stearns....................
21
28
16
[[Page 12260]]
Minnesota.......................... Steele.....................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Stevens....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Swift......................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Todd.......................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Traverse...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Wabasha....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Wadena.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Waseca.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Washington.................
23
30
18 Minnesota.......................... Watonwan...................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Wilkin.....................
2
3
0 Minnesota.......................... Winona.....................
4
6
3 Minnesota.......................... Wright.....................
6
8
4 Minnesota.......................... Yellow Medicine............
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Adams......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Alcorn.....................
2
3
1 Mississippi........................ Amite......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Attala.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Benton.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Bolivar....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Calhoun....................
13
17
10 Mississippi........................ Carroll....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Chickasaw..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Choctaw....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Claiborne..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Clarke.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Clay.......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Coahoma....................
3
4
2 Mississippi........................ Copiah.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Covington..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ DeSoto.....................
2
3
1 Mississippi........................ Forrest....................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Franklin...................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ George.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Greene.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Grenada....................
4
6
3 Mississippi........................ Hancock....................
2
3
1 Mississippi........................ Harrison...................
21
28
16 Mississippi........................ Hinds......................
31
41
24 Mississippi........................ Holmes.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Humphreys..................
2
3
1 Mississippi........................ Issaquena..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Itawamba...................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Jackson....................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Jasper.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Jefferson Davis............
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Jones......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Kemper.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Lafayette..................
4
6
3 Mississippi........................ Lamar......................
3
4
2 Mississippi........................ Lauderdale.................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Leake......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Lee........................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Leflore....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Lowndes....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Madison....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Marion.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Marshall...................
4
6
3 Mississippi........................ Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Montgomery.................
2
3
0
[[Page 12261]]
Mississippi........................ Neshoba....................
3
4
2 Mississippi........................ Newton.....................
2
3
1 Mississippi........................ Noxubee....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Oktibbeha..................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Panola.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Pearl River................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Perry......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Pike.......................
3
4
2 Mississippi........................ Pontotoc...................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Prentiss...................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Quitman....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Rankin.....................
6
8
4 Mississippi........................ Scott......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Sharkey....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Simpson....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Smith......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Stone......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Sunflower..................
4
6
3 Mississippi........................ Tallahatchie...............
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Tate.......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Tippah.....................
3
4
2 Mississippi........................ Tishomingo.................
11
15
8 Mississippi........................ Tunica.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Union......................
4
6
3 Mississippi........................ Walthall...................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Warren.....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Washington.................
4
6
3 Mississippi........................ Wayne......................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Webster....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Wilkinson..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Winston....................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Yalobusha..................
2
3
0 Mississippi........................ Yazoo......................
3
4
2 Missouri........................... Adair......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Andrew.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Atchison...................
3
4
2 Missouri........................... Audrain....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Barry......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Barton.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Bates......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Benton.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Bollinger..................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Boone......................
6
8
4 Missouri........................... Buchanan...................
8
11
6 Missouri........................... Butler.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Caldwell...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Callaway...................
11
15
8 Missouri........................... Camden.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Cape Girardeau.............
4
6
3 Missouri........................... Carroll....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Carter.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Cass.......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Cedar......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Chariton...................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Christian..................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Clark......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Clay.......................
29
38
23 Missouri........................... Clinton....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Cole.......................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Cooper.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Crawford...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Dade.......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Dallas.....................
2
3
0
[[Page 12262]]
Missouri........................... Daviess....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... DeKalb.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Dent.......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Douglas....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Dunklin....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Gasconade..................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Gentry.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Greene.....................
4
6
3 Missouri........................... Grundy.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Harrison...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Henry......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Hickory....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Holt.......................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Howard.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Howell.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Iron.......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Jackson....................
148
193
117 Missouri........................... Jasper.....................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Jefferson..................
9
12
7 Missouri........................... Johnson....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Knox.......................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Laclede....................
6
8
4 Missouri........................... Lafayette..................
4
6
3 Missouri........................... Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Lewis......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Linn.......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Livingston.................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Macon......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Maries.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Marion.....................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... McDonald...................
12
16
9 Missouri........................... Mercer.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Miller.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Mississippi................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Moniteau...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Montgomery.................
3
4
2 Missouri........................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... New Madrid.................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Newton.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Nodaway....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Oregon.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Osage......................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Ozark......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Pemiscot...................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Perry......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Pettis.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Phelps.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Pike.......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Platte.....................
12
16
9 Missouri........................... Polk.......................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Pulaski....................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Putnam.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Ralls......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Randolph...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Ray........................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Reynolds...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Ripley.....................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Saline.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Schuyler...................
2
3
0
[[Page 12263]]
Missouri........................... Scotland...................
4
6
3 Missouri........................... Scott......................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Shannon....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Shelby.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... St. Charles................
9
12
7 Missouri........................... St. Clair..................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... St. Francois...............
3
4
2 Missouri........................... St. Louis..................
80
105
63 Missouri........................... St. Louis City.............
46
60
36 Missouri........................... Ste. Genevieve.............
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Stoddard...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Stone......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Sullivan...................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Taney......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Texas......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Vernon.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Warren.....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Washington.................
2
3
1 Missouri........................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Webster....................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Worth......................
2
3
0 Missouri........................... Wright.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Beaverhead.................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Big Horn...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Blaine.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Broadwater.................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Carbon.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Carter.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Cascade....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Chouteau...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Custer.....................
8
11
6 Montana............................ Daniels....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Dawson.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Deer Lodge.................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Fallon.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Fergus.....................
4
6
3 Montana............................ Flathead...................
41
54
32 Montana............................ Gallatin...................
13
17
10 Montana............................ Garfield...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Glacier....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Golden Valley..............
2
3
0 Montana............................ Granite....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Hill.......................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Judith Basin...............
3
4
2 Montana............................ Lake.......................
3
4
2 Montana............................ Lewis and Clark............
21
28
16 Montana............................ Liberty....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Lincoln....................
4
6
3 Montana............................ Madison....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ McCone.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Meagher....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Mineral....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Missoula...................
11
15
8 Montana............................ Musselshell................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Park.......................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Petroleum..................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Phillips...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Pondera....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Powder River...............
2
3
0 Montana............................ Powell.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Prairie....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Ravalli....................
2
3
1
[[Page 12264]]
Montana............................ Richland...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Roosevelt..................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Rosebud....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Sanders....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Sheridan...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Silver Bow.................
8
11
6 Montana............................ Stillwater.................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Sweet Grass................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Teton......................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Toole......................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Treasure...................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Valley.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Wheatland..................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Wibaux.....................
2
3
0 Montana............................ Yellowstone................
3
4
2 Montana............................ Yellowstone National Park..
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Adams......................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Antelope...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Arthur.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Banner.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Blaine.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Boone......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Box Butte..................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Boyd.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Brown......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Buffalo....................
6
8
4 Nebraska........................... Burt.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Butler.....................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Cass.......................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Cedar......................
6
8
4 Nebraska........................... Chase......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Cherry.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Cheyenne...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Clay.......................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Colfax.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Cuming.....................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Custer.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Dakota.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Dawes......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Dawson.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Deuel......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Dixon......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Dodge......................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Douglas....................
66
86
52 Nebraska........................... Dundy......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Fillmore...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Frontier...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Furnas.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Gage.......................
16
21
12 Nebraska........................... Garden.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Garfield...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Gosper.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Grant......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Greeley....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Hall.......................
13
17
10 Nebraska........................... Hamilton...................
24
32
19 Nebraska........................... Harlan.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Hayes......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Hitchcock..................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Holt.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Hooker.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Howard.....................
2
3
0
[[Page 12265]]
Nebraska........................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Johnson....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Kearney....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Keith......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Keya Paha..................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Kimball....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Knox.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Lancaster..................
18
24
14 Nebraska........................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Logan......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Loup.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... McPherson..................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Merrick....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Morrill....................
4
6
3 Nebraska........................... Nance......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Nemaha.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Nuckolls...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Otoe.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Pawnee.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Perkins....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Phelps.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Pierce.....................
3
4
2 Nebraska........................... Platte.....................
8
11
6 Nebraska........................... Polk.......................
11
15
8 Nebraska........................... Red Willow.................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Richardson.................
3
4
2 Nebraska........................... Rock.......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Saline.....................
6
8
4 Nebraska........................... Sarpy......................
9
12
7 Nebraska........................... Saunders...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Scotts Bluff...............
4
6
3 Nebraska........................... Seward.....................
3
4
2 Nebraska........................... Sheridan...................
2
3
1 Nebraska........................... Sherman....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Sioux......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Stanton....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Thayer.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Thomas.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Thurston...................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Valley.....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Webster....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... Wheeler....................
2
3
0 Nebraska........................... York.......................
22
29
17 Nevada............................. Carson City................
18
24
14 Nevada............................. Churchill..................
3
4
2 Nevada............................. Clark......................
422
550
335 Nevada............................. Douglas....................
8
11
6 Nevada............................. Elko.......................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Esmeralda..................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Eureka.....................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Humboldt...................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Lander.....................
2
3
1 Nevada............................. Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Lyon.......................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Mineral....................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Nye........................
2
3
1 Nevada............................. Pershing...................
6
8
4 Nevada............................. Storey.....................
2
3
0 Nevada............................. Washoe.....................
46
60
36 Nevada............................. White Pine.................
2
3
0
[[Page 12266]]
New Hampshire...................... Belknap....................
9
12
7 New Hampshire...................... Carroll....................
2
3
0 New Hampshire...................... Cheshire...................
9
12
7 New Hampshire...................... Coos.......................
2
3
0 New Hampshire...................... Grafton....................
3
4
2 New Hampshire...................... Hillsborough...............
9
12
7 New Hampshire...................... Merrimack..................
18
24
14 New Hampshire...................... Rockingham.................
28
37
22 New Hampshire...................... Strafford..................
2
3
0 New Hampshire...................... Sullivan...................
2
3
1 New Jersey......................... Atlantic...................
36
47
28 New Jersey......................... Bergen.....................
118
154
93 New Jersey......................... Burlington.................
28
37
22 New Jersey......................... Camden.....................
45
59
35 New Jersey......................... Cape May...................
11
15
8 New Jersey......................... Cumberland.................
12
16
9 New Jersey......................... Essex......................
116
152
92 New Jersey......................... Gloucester.................
12
16
9 New Jersey......................... Hudson.....................
56
73
44 New Jersey......................... Hunterdon..................
2
3
1 New Jersey......................... Mercer.....................
24
32
19 New Jersey......................... Middlesex..................
47
62
37 New Jersey......................... Monmouth...................
32
42
25 New Jersey......................... Morris.....................
41
54
32 New Jersey......................... Ocean......................
29
38
23 New Jersey......................... Passaic....................
42
55
33 New Jersey......................... Salem......................
2
3
0 New Jersey......................... Somerset...................
8
11
6 New Jersey......................... Sussex.....................
6
8
4 New Jersey......................... Union......................
50
66
39 New Jersey......................... Warren.....................
2
3
1 New Mexico......................... Bernalillo.................
61
80
48 New Mexico......................... Catron.....................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Chaves.....................
4
6
3 New Mexico......................... Cibola.....................
6
8
4 New Mexico......................... Colfax.....................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Curry......................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... DeBaca.....................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Dona Ana...................
22
29
17 New Mexico......................... Eddy.......................
7
10
5 New Mexico......................... Grant......................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Guadalupe..................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Harding....................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Hidalgo....................
4
6
3 New Mexico......................... Lea........................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Lincoln....................
2
3
1 New Mexico......................... Los Alamos.................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Luna.......................
8
11
6 New Mexico......................... McKinley...................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Mora.......................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Otero......................
4
6
3 New Mexico......................... Quay.......................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Rio Arriba.................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Roosevelt..................
3
4
2 New Mexico......................... San Juan...................
12
16
9 New Mexico......................... San Miguel.................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Sandoval...................
3
4
2 New Mexico......................... Santa Fe...................
6
8
4 New Mexico......................... Sierra.....................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Socorro....................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Taos.......................
4
6
3 New Mexico......................... Torrance...................
2
3
0 New Mexico......................... Union......................
2
3
0
[[Page 12267]]
New Mexico......................... Valencia...................
3
4
2 New York........................... Albany.....................
43
57
34 New York........................... Allegany...................
2
3
1 New York........................... Bronx......................
136
178
108 New York........................... Broome.....................
42
55
33 New York........................... Cattaraugus................
3
4
2 New York........................... Cayuga.....................
13
17
10 New York........................... Chautauqua.................
2
3
1 New York........................... Chemung....................
2
3
1 New York........................... Chenango...................
3
4
2 New York........................... Clinton....................
6
8
4 New York........................... Columbia...................
4
6
3 New York........................... Cortland...................
2
3
0 New York........................... Delaware...................
19
25
15 New York........................... Dutchess...................
12
16
9 New York........................... Erie.......................
92
120
73 New York........................... Essex......................
2
3
0 New York........................... Franklin...................
3
4
2 New York........................... Fulton.....................
2
3
1 New York........................... Genesee....................
17
23
13 New York........................... Greene.....................
3
4
2 New York........................... Hamilton...................
4
6
3 New York........................... Herkimer...................
2
3
0 New York........................... Jefferson..................
8
11
6 New York........................... Kings......................
220
287
174 New York........................... Lewis......................
2
3
0 New York........................... Livingston.................
3
4
2 New York........................... Madison....................
4
6
3 New York........................... Monroe.....................
128
167
101 New York........................... Montgomery.................
2
3
1 New York........................... Nassau.....................
154
201
122 New York........................... New York...................
401
523
318 New York........................... Niagara....................
16
21
12 New York........................... Oneida.....................
41
54
32 New York........................... Onondaga...................
56
73
44 New York........................... Ontario....................
8
11
6 New York........................... Orange.....................
27
36
21 New York........................... Orleans....................
2
3
0 New York........................... Oswego.....................
17
23
13 New York........................... Otsego.....................
6
8
4 New York........................... Putnam.....................
12
16
9 New York........................... Queens.....................
333
434
264 New York........................... Rensselaer.................
13
17
10 New York........................... Richmond...................
47
62
37 New York........................... Rockland...................
45
59
35 New York........................... Saratoga...................
7
10
5 New York........................... Schenectady................
8
11
6 New York........................... Schoharie..................
3
4
2 New York........................... Schuyler...................
19
25
15 New York........................... Seneca.....................
2
3
0 New York........................... St. Lawrence...............
4
6
3 New York........................... Steuben....................
8
11
6 New York........................... Suffolk....................
114
149
90 New York........................... Sullivan...................
4
6
3 New York........................... Tioga......................
3
4
2 New York........................... Tompkins...................
4
6
3 New York........................... Ulster.....................
21
28
16 New York........................... Warren.....................
7
10
5 New York........................... Washington.................
4
6
3 New York........................... Wayne......................
8
11
6 New York........................... Westchester................
126
165
100 New York........................... Wyoming....................
2
3
1 New York........................... Yates......................
2
3
0
[[Page 12268]]
North Carolina..................... Alamance...................
4
6
3 North Carolina..................... Alexander..................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Alleghany..................
12
16
9 North Carolina..................... Anson......................
3
4
2 North Carolina..................... Ashe.......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Avery......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Beaufort...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Bertie.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Bladen.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Brunswick..................
11
15
8 North Carolina..................... Buncombe...................
11
15
8 North Carolina..................... Burke......................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Cabarrus...................
8
11
6 North Carolina..................... Caldwell...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Camden.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Carteret...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Caswell....................
3
4
2 North Carolina..................... Catawba....................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Chatham....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Cherokee...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Chowan.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Clay.......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Cleveland..................
4
6
3 North Carolina..................... Columbus...................
6
8
4 North Carolina..................... Craven.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Cumberland.................
11
15
8 North Carolina..................... Currituck..................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Dare.......................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Davidson...................
13
17
10 North Carolina..................... Davie......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Duplin.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Durham.....................
6
8
4 North Carolina..................... Edgecombe..................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Forsyth....................
41
54
32 North Carolina..................... Franklin...................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Gaston.....................
4
6
3 North Carolina..................... Gates......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Graham.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Granville..................
11
15
8 North Carolina..................... Greene.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Guilford...................
14
19
11 North Carolina..................... Halifax....................
4
6
3 North Carolina..................... Harnett....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Haywood....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Henderson..................
8
11
6 North Carolina..................... Hertford...................
6
8
4 North Carolina..................... Hoke.......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Hyde.......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Iredell....................
6
8
4 North Carolina..................... Jackson....................
7
10
5 North Carolina..................... Johnston...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Jones......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Lee........................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Lenoir.....................
6
8
4 North Carolina..................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Macon......................
6
8
4 North Carolina..................... Madison....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Martin.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... McDowell...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Mecklenburg................
13
17
10 North Carolina..................... Mitchell...................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Montgomery.................
4
6
3 North Carolina..................... Moore......................
11
15
8
[[Page 12269]]
North Carolina..................... Nash.......................
7
10
5 North Carolina..................... New Hanover................
3
4
2 North Carolina..................... Northampton................
4
6
3 North Carolina..................... Onslow.....................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Orange.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Pamlico....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Pasquotank.................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Pender.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Perquimans.................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Person.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Pitt.......................
31
41
24 North Carolina..................... Polk.......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Randolph...................
29
38
23 North Carolina..................... Richmond...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Robeson....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Rockingham.................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Rowan......................
9
12
7 North Carolina..................... Rutherford.................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Sampson....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Scotland...................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Stanly.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Stokes.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Surry......................
3
4
2 North Carolina..................... Swain......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Transylvania...............
13
17
10 North Carolina..................... Tyrrell....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Union......................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Vance......................
3
4
2 North Carolina..................... Wake.......................
22
29
17 North Carolina..................... Warren.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Washington.................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Watauga....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Wayne......................
2
3
1 North Carolina..................... Wilkes.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Wilson.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Yadkin.....................
2
3
0 North Carolina..................... Yancey.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Adams......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Barnes.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Benson.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Billings...................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Bottineau..................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Bowman.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Burke......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Burleigh...................
6
8
4 North Dakota....................... Cass.......................
14
19
11 North Dakota....................... Cavalier...................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Dickey.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Divide.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Dunn.......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Eddy.......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Emmons.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Foster.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Golden Valley..............
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Grand Forks................
3
4
2 North Dakota....................... Grant......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Griggs.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Hettinger..................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Kidder.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... LaMoure....................
3
4
2 North Dakota....................... Logan......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... McHenry....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... McIntosh...................
2
3
0
[[Page 12270]]
North Dakota....................... McKenzie...................
7
10
5 North Dakota....................... McLean.....................
2
3
1 North Dakota....................... Mercer.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Morton.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Mountrail..................
8
11
6 North Dakota....................... Nelson.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Oliver.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Pembina....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Pierce.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Ramsey.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Ransom.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Renville...................
3
4
2 North Dakota....................... Richland...................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Rolette....................
14
19
11 North Dakota....................... Sargent....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Sheridan...................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Sioux......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Slope......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Stark......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Steele.....................
2
3
1 North Dakota....................... Stutsman...................
3
4
2 North Dakota....................... Towner.....................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Traill.....................
2
3
1 North Dakota....................... Walsh......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Ward.......................
8
11
6 North Dakota....................... Wells......................
2
3
0 North Dakota....................... Williams...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Adams......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Allen......................
12
16
9 Ohio............................... Ashland....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Ashtabula..................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Athens.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Auglaize...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Belmont....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Brown......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Butler.....................
4
6
3 Ohio............................... Carroll....................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Champaign..................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Clark......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Clermont...................
3
4
2 Ohio............................... Clinton....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Columbiana.................
3
4
2 Ohio............................... Coshocton..................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Crawford...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Cuyahoga...................
168
219
133 Ohio............................... Darke......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Defiance...................
3
4
2 Ohio............................... Delaware...................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Erie.......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Fairfield..................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Fayette....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Franklin...................
29
38
23 Ohio............................... Fulton.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Gallia.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Geauga.....................
9
12
7 Ohio............................... Greene.....................
6
8
4 Ohio............................... Guernsey...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Hamilton...................
50
66
39 Ohio............................... Hancock....................
3
4
2 Ohio............................... Hardin.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Harrison...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Henry......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Highland...................
2
3
1
[[Page 12271]]
Ohio............................... Hocking....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Holmes.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Huron......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Knox.......................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Lake.......................
13
17
10 Ohio............................... Lawrence...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Licking....................
7
10
5 Ohio............................... Logan......................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Lorain.....................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Lucas......................
53
70
42 Ohio............................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Mahoning...................
24
32
19 Ohio............................... Marion.....................
4
6
3 Ohio............................... Medina.....................
3
4
2 Ohio............................... Meigs......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Mercer.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Miami......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Montgomery.................
29
38
23 Ohio............................... Morgan.....................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Morrow.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Muskingum..................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Noble......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Ottawa.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Paulding...................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Perry......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Pickaway...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Pike.......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Portage....................
16
21
12 Ohio............................... Preble.....................
4
6
3 Ohio............................... Putnam.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Richland...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Ross.......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Sandusky...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Scioto.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Seneca.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Shelby.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Stark......................
7
10
5 Ohio............................... Summit.....................
40
53
31 Ohio............................... Trumbull...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Tuscarawas.................
4
6
3 Ohio............................... Union......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Van Wert...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Vinton.....................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Warren.....................
7
10
5 Ohio............................... Washington.................
2
3
1 Ohio............................... Wayne......................
9
12
7 Ohio............................... Williams...................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Wood.......................
2
3
0 Ohio............................... Wyandot....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Adair......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Alfalfa....................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Atoka......................
6
8
4 Oklahoma........................... Beaver.....................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Beckham....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Blaine.....................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Bryan......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Caddo......................
9
12
7 Oklahoma........................... Canadian...................
8
11
6 Oklahoma........................... Carter.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Cherokee...................
2
3
0
[[Page 12272]]
Oklahoma........................... Choctaw....................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Cimarron...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Cleveland..................
19
25
15 Oklahoma........................... Coal.......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Comanche...................
19
25
15 Oklahoma........................... Cotton.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Craig......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Creek......................
7
10
5 Oklahoma........................... Custer.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Delaware...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Dewey......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Ellis......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Garfield...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Garvin.....................
3
4
2 Oklahoma........................... Grady......................
7
10
5 Oklahoma........................... Grant......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Greer......................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Harmon.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Harper.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Haskell....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Hughes.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Johnston...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Kay........................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Kingfisher.................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Kiowa......................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Latimer....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Le Flore...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Lincoln....................
3
4
2 Oklahoma........................... Logan......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Love.......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Major......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Marshall...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Mayes......................
6
8
4 Oklahoma........................... McClain....................
6
8
4 Oklahoma........................... McCurtain..................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... McIntosh...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Murray.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Muskogee...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Noble......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Nowata.....................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Okfuskee...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Oklahoma...................
108
141
85 Oklahoma........................... Okmulgee...................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Osage......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Ottawa.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Pawnee.....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Payne......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Pittsburg..................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Pontotoc...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Pottawatomie...............
4
6
3 Oklahoma........................... Pushmataha.................
2
3
1 Oklahoma........................... Roger Mills................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Rogers.....................
6
8
4 Oklahoma........................... Seminole...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Sequoyah...................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Stephens...................
9
12
7 Oklahoma........................... Texas......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Tillman....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Tulsa......................
21
28
16 Oklahoma........................... Wagoner....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Washington.................
2
3
0
[[Page 12273]]
Oklahoma........................... Washita....................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Woods......................
2
3
0 Oklahoma........................... Woodward...................
2
3
1 Oregon............................. Baker......................
3
4
2 Oregon............................. Benton.....................
7
10
5 Oregon............................. Clackamas..................
27
36
21 Oregon............................. Clatsop....................
8
11
6 Oregon............................. Columbia...................
3
4
2 Oregon............................. Coos.......................
8
11
6 Oregon............................. Crook......................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Curry......................
2
3
1 Oregon............................. Deschutes..................
6
8
4 Oregon............................. Douglas....................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Gilliam....................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Grant......................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Harney.....................
3
4
2 Oregon............................. Hood River.................
3
4
2 Oregon............................. Jackson....................
12
16
9 Oregon............................. Jefferson..................
6
8
4 Oregon............................. Josephine..................
2
3
1 Oregon............................. Klamath....................
6
8
4 Oregon............................. Lake.......................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Lane.......................
26
34
20 Oregon............................. Lincoln....................
6
8
4 Oregon............................. Linn.......................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Malheur....................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Marion.....................
38
50
30 Oregon............................. Morrow.....................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Multnomah..................
105
137
83 Oregon............................. Polk.......................
2
3
1 Oregon............................. Sherman....................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Tillamook..................
2
3
1 Oregon............................. Umatilla...................
2
3
1 Oregon............................. Union......................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Wallowa....................
4
6
3 Oregon............................. Wasco......................
3
4
2 Oregon............................. Washington.................
27
36
21 Oregon............................. Wheeler....................
2
3
0 Oregon............................. Yamhill....................
7
10
5 Pennsylvania....................... Adams......................
11
15
8 Pennsylvania....................... Allegheny..................
183
239
145 Pennsylvania....................... Armstrong..................
6
8
4 Pennsylvania....................... Beaver.....................
7
10
5 Pennsylvania....................... Bedford....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Berks......................
40
53
31 Pennsylvania....................... Blair......................
16
21
12 Pennsylvania....................... Bradford...................
19
25
15 Pennsylvania....................... Bucks......................
36
47
28 Pennsylvania....................... Butler.....................
11
15
8 Pennsylvania....................... Cambria....................
18
24
14 Pennsylvania....................... Cameron....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Carbon.....................
7
10
5 Pennsylvania....................... Centre.....................
11
15
8 Pennsylvania....................... Chester....................
21
28
16 Pennsylvania....................... Clarion....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Clearfield.................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Clinton....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Columbia...................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Crawford...................
4
6
3 Pennsylvania....................... Cumberland.................
7
10
5 Pennsylvania....................... Dauphin....................
22
29
17 Pennsylvania....................... Delaware...................
27
36
21 Pennsylvania....................... Elk........................
2
3
0
[[Page 12274]]
Pennsylvania....................... Erie.......................
8
11
6 Pennsylvania....................... Fayette....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Forest.....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Fulton.....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Greene.....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Huntingdon.................
6
8
4 Pennsylvania....................... Indiana....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Juniata....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Lackawanna.................
11
15
8 Pennsylvania....................... Lancaster..................
19
25
15 Pennsylvania....................... Lawrence...................
21
28
16 Pennsylvania....................... Lebanon....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Lehigh.....................
27
36
21 Pennsylvania....................... Luzerne....................
34
45
27 Pennsylvania....................... Lycoming...................
4
6
3 Pennsylvania....................... McKean.....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Mercer.....................
3
4
2 Pennsylvania....................... Mifflin....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Monroe.....................
21
28
16 Pennsylvania....................... Montgomery.................
79
103
62 Pennsylvania....................... Montour....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Northampton................
21
28
16 Pennsylvania....................... Northumberland.............
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Perry......................
8
11
6 Pennsylvania....................... Philadelphia...............
240
313
190 Pennsylvania....................... Pike.......................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Potter.....................
3
4
2 Pennsylvania....................... Schuylkill.................
4
6
3 Pennsylvania....................... Snyder.....................
3
4
2 Pennsylvania....................... Somerset...................
8
11
6 Pennsylvania....................... Sullivan...................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Susquehanna................
6
8
4 Pennsylvania....................... Tioga......................
18
24
14 Pennsylvania....................... Union......................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Venango....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... Warren.....................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Washington.................
2
3
1 Pennsylvania....................... Wayne......................
11
15
8 Pennsylvania....................... Westmoreland...............
8
11
6 Pennsylvania....................... Wyoming....................
2
3
0 Pennsylvania....................... York.......................
19
25
15 Puerto Rico........................ Puerto Rico................
89
116
70 Rhode Island....................... Bristol....................
2
3
0 Rhode Island....................... Kent.......................
9
12
7 Rhode Island....................... Newport....................
2
3
1 Rhode Island....................... Providence.................
66
86
52 Rhode Island....................... Washington.................
3
4
2 South Carolina..................... Abbeville..................
17
23
13 South Carolina..................... Aiken......................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Allendale..................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Anderson...................
17
23
13 South Carolina..................... Bamberg....................
3
4
2 South Carolina..................... Barnwell...................
6
8
4 South Carolina..................... Beaufort...................
3
4
2 South Carolina..................... Berkeley...................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Calhoun....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Charleston.................
29
38
23 South Carolina..................... Cherokee...................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Chester....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Chesterfield...............
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Clarendon..................
2
3
0
[[Page 12275]]
South Carolina..................... Colleton...................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Darlington.................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Dillon.....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Dorchester.................
4
6
3 South Carolina..................... Edgefield..................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Fairfield..................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Florence...................
4
6
3 South Carolina..................... Georgetown.................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Greenville.................
12
16
9 South Carolina..................... Greenwood..................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Hampton....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Horry......................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Jasper.....................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Kershaw....................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Lancaster..................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Laurens....................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Lee........................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Lexington..................
3
4
2 South Carolina..................... Marion.....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Marlboro...................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... McCormick..................
11
15
8 South Carolina..................... Newberry...................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Oconee.....................
3
4
2 South Carolina..................... Orangeburg.................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Pickens....................
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... Richland...................
26
34
20 South Carolina..................... Saluda.....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Spartanburg................
7
10
5 South Carolina..................... Sumter.....................
2
3
0 South Carolina..................... Union......................
8
11
6 South Carolina..................... Williamsburg...............
2
3
1 South Carolina..................... York.......................
4
6
3 South Dakota....................... Aurora.....................
3
4
2 South Dakota....................... Beadle.....................
3
4
2 South Dakota....................... Bennett....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Bon Homme..................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Brookings..................
6
8
4 South Dakota....................... Brown......................
2
3
1 South Dakota....................... Brule......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Buffalo....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Butte......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Campbell...................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Charles Mix................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Clark......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Clay.......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Codington..................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Corson.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Custer.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Davison....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Day........................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Deuel......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Dewey......................
4
6
3 South Dakota....................... Douglas....................
2
3
1 South Dakota....................... Edmunds....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Fall River.................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Faulk......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Grant......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Gregory....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Haakon.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Hamlin.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Hand.......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Hanson.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Harding....................
2
3
0
[[Page 12276]]
South Dakota....................... Hughes.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Hutchinson.................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Hyde.......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Jerauld....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Jones......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Kingsbury..................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Lake.......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Lawrence...................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Lyman......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Marshall...................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... McCook.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... McPherson..................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Meade......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Mellette...................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Miner......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Minnehaha..................
13
17
10 South Dakota....................... Moody......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Pennington.................
7
10
5 South Dakota....................... Perkins....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Potter.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Roberts....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Sanborn....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Shannon....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Spink......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Stanley....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Sully......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Todd.......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Tripp......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Turner.....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Union......................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Walworth...................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Yankton....................
2
3
0 South Dakota....................... Ziebach....................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Anderson...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Bedford....................
6
8
4 Tennessee.......................... Benton.....................
9
12
7 Tennessee.......................... Bledsoe....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Blount.....................
12
16
9 Tennessee.......................... Bradley....................
6
8
4 Tennessee.......................... Campbell...................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Cannon.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Carroll....................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Carter.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Cheatham...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Chester....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Claiborne..................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Clay.......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Cocke......................
4
6
3 Tennessee.......................... Coffee.....................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Crockett...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Cumberland.................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Davidson...................
41
54
32 Tennessee.......................... Decatur....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... DeKalb.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Dickson....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Dyer.......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Fayette....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Fentress...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Franklin...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Gibson.....................
4
6
3 Tennessee.......................... Giles......................
2
3
1
[[Page 12277]]
Tennessee.......................... Grainger...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Greene.....................
7
10
5 Tennessee.......................... Grundy.....................
6
8
4 Tennessee.......................... Hamblen....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Hamilton...................
38
50
30 Tennessee.......................... Hancock....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Hardeman...................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Hardin.....................
11
15
8 Tennessee.......................... Hawkins....................
11
15
8 Tennessee.......................... Haywood....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Henderson..................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Henry......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Hickman....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Houston....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Humphreys..................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Jefferson..................
4
6
3 Tennessee.......................... Johnson....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Knox.......................
53
70
42 Tennessee.......................... Lake.......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Lauderdale.................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Lawrence...................
2
3
1 Tennessee.......................... Lewis......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Loudon.....................
7
10
5 Tennessee.......................... Macon......................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Marion.....................
4
6
3 Tennessee.......................... Marshall...................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Maury......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... McMinn.....................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... McNairy....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Meigs......................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Montgomery.................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Moore......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Obion......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Overton....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Perry......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Pickett....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Polk.......................
2
3
1 Tennessee.......................... Putnam.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Rhea.......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Roane......................
12
16
9 Tennessee.......................... Robertson..................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Rutherford.................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Scott......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Sequatchie.................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Sevier.....................
2
3
1 Tennessee.......................... Shelby.....................
23
30
18 Tennessee.......................... Smith......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Stewart....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Sullivan...................
13
17
10 Tennessee.......................... Sumner.....................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Tipton.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Trousdale..................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Unicoi.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Union......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Van Buren..................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Warren.....................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Wayne......................
2
3
0
[[Page 12278]]
Tennessee.......................... Weakley....................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... White......................
2
3
0 Tennessee.......................... Williamson.................
3
4
2 Tennessee.......................... Wilson.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Anderson...................
12
16
9 Texas.............................. Andrews....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Angelina...................
13
17
10 Texas.............................. Aransas....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Archer.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Armstrong..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Atascosa...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Austin.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bailey.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bandera....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bastrop....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Baylor.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bee........................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bell.......................
9
12
7 Texas.............................. Bexar......................
131
171
104 Texas.............................. Blanco.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Borden.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bosque.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Bowie......................
22
29
17 Texas.............................. Brazoria...................
27
36
21 Texas.............................. Brazos.....................
14
19
11 Texas.............................. Brewster...................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Briscoe....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Brooks.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Brown......................
9
12
7 Texas.............................. Burleson...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Burnet.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Caldwell...................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Calhoun....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Callahan...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Cameron....................
37
49
29 Texas.............................. Camp.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Carson.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Cass.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Castro.....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Chambers...................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Cherokee...................
6
8
4 Texas.............................. Childress..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Clay.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Cochran....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Coke.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Coleman....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Collin.....................
32
42
25 Texas.............................. Collingsworth..............
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Colorado...................
4
6
3 Texas.............................. Comal......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Comanche...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Concho.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Cooke......................
12
16
9 Texas.............................. Coryell....................
9
12
7 Texas.............................. Cottle.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Crane......................
6
8
4 Texas.............................. Crockett...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Crosby.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Culberson..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Dallam.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Dallas.....................
305
398
242 Texas.............................. Dawson.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Deaf Smith.................
2
3
0
[[Page 12279]]
Texas.............................. Delta......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Denton.....................
28
37
22 Texas.............................. DeWitt.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Dickens....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Dimmit.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Donley.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Duval......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Eastland...................
11
15
8 Texas.............................. Ector......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Edwards....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. El Paso....................
94
123
74 Texas.............................. Ellis......................
19
25
15 Texas.............................. Erath......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Falls......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Fannin.....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Fayette....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Fisher.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Floyd......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Foard......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Fort Bend..................
38
50
30 Texas.............................. Franklin...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Freestone..................
7
10
5 Texas.............................. Frio.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Gaines.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Galveston..................
21
28
16 Texas.............................. Garza......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Gillespie..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Glasscock..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Goliad.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Gonzales...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Gray.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Grayson....................
7
10
5 Texas.............................. Gregg......................
13
17
10 Texas.............................. Grimes.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Guadalupe..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hale.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hall.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hamilton...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hansford...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hardeman...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hardin.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Harris.....................
371
484
294 Texas.............................. Harrison...................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Hartley....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Haskell....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hays.......................
4
6
3 Texas.............................. Hemphill...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Henderson..................
13
17
10 Texas.............................. Hidalgo....................
34
45
27 Texas.............................. Hill.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hockley....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Hood.......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Hopkins....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Houston....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Howard.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hudspeth...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Hunt.......................
7
10
5 Texas.............................. Hutchinson.................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Irion......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Jack.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Jackson....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Jasper.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Jeff Davis.................
2
3
0
[[Page 12280]]
Texas.............................. Jefferson..................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Jim Hogg...................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Jim Wells..................
8
11
6 Texas.............................. Johnson....................
8
11
6 Texas.............................. Jones......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Karnes.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kaufman....................
11
15
8 Texas.............................. Kendall....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kenedy.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kent.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kerr.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kimble.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. King.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kinney.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Kleberg....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Knox.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. La Salle...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Lamar......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Lamb.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Lampasas...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Lavaca.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Lee........................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Leon.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Liberty....................
8
11
6 Texas.............................. Limestone..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Lipscomb...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Live Oak...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Llano......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Loving.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Lubbock....................
21
28
16 Texas.............................. Lynn.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Madison....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Marion.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Martin.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Mason......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Matagorda..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Maverick...................
22
29
17 Texas.............................. McCulloch..................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. McLennan...................
17
23
13 Texas.............................. McMullen...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Medina.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Menard.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Midland....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Milam......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Mills......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Mitchell...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Montague...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Montgomery.................
36
47
28 Texas.............................. Moore......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Morris.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Motley.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Nacogdoches................
7
10
5 Texas.............................. Navarro....................
4
6
3 Texas.............................. Newton.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Nolan......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Nueces.....................
21
28
16 Texas.............................. Ochiltree..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Oldham.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Orange.....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Palo Pinto.................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Panola.....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Parker.....................
8
11
6 Texas.............................. Parmer.....................
2
3
0
[[Page 12281]]
Texas.............................. Pecos......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Polk.......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Potter.....................
7
10
5 Texas.............................. Presidio...................
4
6
3 Texas.............................. Rains......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Randall....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Reagan.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Real.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Red River..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Reeves.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Refugio....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Roberts....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Robertson..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Rockwall...................
11
15
8 Texas.............................. Runnels....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Rusk.......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Sabine.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. San Augustine..............
2
3
0 Texas.............................. San Jacinto................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. San Patricio...............
2
3
0 Texas.............................. San Saba...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Schleicher.................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Scurry.....................
6
8
4 Texas.............................. Shackelford................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Shelby.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Sherman....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Smith......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Somervell..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Starr......................
33
43
26 Texas.............................. Stephens...................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Sterling...................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Stonewall..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Sutton.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Swisher....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Tarrant....................
108
141
85 Texas.............................. Taylor.....................
13
17
10 Texas.............................. Terrell....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Terry......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Throckmorton...............
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Titus......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Tom Green..................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Travis.....................
89
116
70 Texas.............................. Trinity....................
6
8
4 Texas.............................. Tyler......................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Upshur.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Upton......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Uvalde.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Val Verde..................
18
24
14 Texas.............................. Van Zandt..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Victoria...................
7
10
5 Texas.............................. Walker.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Waller.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Ward.......................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Washington.................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Webb.......................
22
29
17 Texas.............................. Wharton....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Wheeler....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Wichita....................
18
24
14 Texas.............................. Wilbarger..................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Willacy....................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Williamson.................
8
11
6 Texas.............................. Wilson.....................
2
3
1 Texas.............................. Winkler....................
2
3
0
[[Page 12282]]
Texas.............................. Wise.......................
3
4
2 Texas.............................. Wood.......................
4
6
3 Texas.............................. Yoakum.....................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Young......................
2
3
0 Texas.............................. Zapata.....................
4
6
3 Texas.............................. Zavala.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Beaver.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Box Elder..................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Cache......................
6
8
4 Utah............................... Carbon.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Daggett....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Davis......................
12
16
9 Utah............................... Duchesne...................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Emery......................
19
25
15 Utah............................... Garfield...................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Grand......................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Iron.......................
2
3
1 Utah............................... Juab.......................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Kane.......................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Millard....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Piute......................
4
6
3 Utah............................... Rich.......................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Salt Lake..................
110
144
87 Utah............................... San Juan...................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Sanpete....................
7
10
5 Utah............................... Sevier.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Summit.....................
6
8
4 Utah............................... Tooele.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Uintah.....................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Utah.......................
21
28
16 Utah............................... Wasatch....................
3
4
2 Utah............................... Washington.................
2
3
1 Utah............................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 Utah............................... Weber......................
14
19
11 Vermont............................ Addison....................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Bennington.................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Caledonia..................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Chittenden.................
2
3
1 Vermont............................ Essex......................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Franklin...................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Grand Isle.................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Lamoille...................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Orange.....................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Orleans....................
3
4
2 Vermont............................ Rutland....................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Washington.................
2
3
1 Vermont............................ Windham....................
2
3
0 Vermont............................ Windsor....................
2
3
0 Virgin Islands..................... Virgin Islands.............
8
11
6 Virginia........................... Accomack...................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Albemarle..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Alexandria City............
29
38
23 Virginia........................... Alleghany..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Amelia.....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Amherst....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Appomattox.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Arlington..................
23
30
18 Virginia........................... Augusta....................
7
10
5 Virginia........................... Bath.......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Bedford....................
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Bedford City...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Bland......................
2
3
0
[[Page 12283]]
Virginia........................... Botetourt..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Bristol City...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Brunswick..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Buchanan...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Buckingham.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Buena Vista City...........
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Campbell...................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Caroline...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Carroll....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Charles City...............
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Charlotte..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Charlottesville City.......
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Chesapeake City............
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Chesterfield...............
27
36
21 Virginia........................... Clarke.....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Clifton Forge City.........
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Colonial Heights City......
8
11
6 Virginia........................... Covington City.............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Craig......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Culpeper...................
6
8
4 Virginia........................... Cumberland.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Danville City..............
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Dickenson..................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Dinwiddie..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Emporia City...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Essex......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Fairfax....................
75
9859 Virginia........................... Fairfax City...............
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Falls Church City..........
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Fauquier...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Floyd......................
11
15
8 Virginia........................... Fluvanna...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Franklin...................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Franklin City..............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Frederick..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Fredericksburg City........
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Galax City.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Giles......................
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Gloucester.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Goochland..................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Grayson....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Greene.....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Greensville................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Halifax....................
27
36
21 Virginia........................... Hampton City...............
6
8
4 Virginia........................... Hanover....................
8
11
6 Virginia........................... Harrisonburg City..........
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Henrico....................
24
32
19 Virginia........................... Henry......................
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Highland...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Hopewell City..............
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Isle of Wight..............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... James City.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... King and Queen.............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... King George................
4
6
3 Virginia........................... King William...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Lancaster..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Lee........................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Lexington City.............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Loudoun....................
19
25
15 Virginia........................... Louisa.....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Lunenburg..................
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Lynchburg City.............
3
4
2
[[Page 12284]]
Virginia........................... Madison....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Manassas City..............
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Manassas Park City.........
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Martinsville City..........
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Mathews....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Mecklenburg................
9
12
7 Virginia........................... Middlesex..................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Montgomery.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Nelson.....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... New Kent...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Newport News City..........
12
16
9 Virginia........................... Norfolk City...............
14
19
11 Virginia........................... Northampton................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Northumberland.............
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Norton City................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Nottoway...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Orange.....................
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Page.......................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Patrick....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Petersburg City............
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Pittsylvania...............
8
11
6 Virginia........................... Poquoson City..............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Portsmouth City............
6
8
4 Virginia........................... Powhatan...................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Prince Edward..............
6
8
4 Virginia........................... Prince George..............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Prince William.............
17
23
13 Virginia........................... Pulaski....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Radford City...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Rappahannock...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Richmond...................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Richmond City..............
26
34
20 Virginia........................... Roanoke....................
6
8
4 Virginia........................... Roanoke City...............
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Rockbridge.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Rockingham.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Russell....................
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Salem City.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Scott......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Shenandoah.................
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Smyth......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Southampton................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Spotsylvania...............
7
10
5 Virginia........................... Stafford...................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Staunton City..............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Suffolk City...............
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Surry......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Sussex.....................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Tazewell...................
4
6
3 Virginia........................... Virginia Beach City........
42
55
33 Virginia........................... Warren.....................
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Washington.................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... Waynesboro City............
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Westmoreland...............
2
3
1 Virginia........................... Williamsburg City..........
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Winchester City............
3
4
2 Virginia........................... Wise.......................
8
11
6 Virginia........................... Wythe......................
2
3
0 Virginia........................... York.......................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Adams......................
4
6
3 Washington......................... Asotin.....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Benton.....................
3
4
2 Washington......................... Chelan.....................
4
6
3
[[Page 12285]]
Washington......................... Clallam....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Clark......................
19
25
15 Washington......................... Columbia...................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Cowlitz....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Douglas....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Ferry......................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Franklin...................
7
10
5 Washington......................... Garfield...................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Grant......................
2
3
1 Washington......................... Grays Harbor...............
2
3
0 Washington......................... Island.....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 Washington......................... King.......................
153
200
121 Washington......................... Kitsap.....................
4
6
3 Washington......................... Kittitas...................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Klickitat..................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Lewis......................
2
3
1 Washington......................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Mason......................
4
6
3 Washington......................... Okanogan...................
2
3
1 Washington......................... Pacific....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Pend Oreille...............
2
3
0 Washington......................... Pierce.....................
28
37
22 Washington......................... San Juan...................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Skagit.....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Skamania...................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Snohomish..................
45
59
35 Washington......................... Spokane....................
18
24
14 Washington......................... Stevens....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Thurston...................
6
8
4 Washington......................... Wahkiakum..................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Walla Walla................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Whatcom....................
17
23
13 Washington......................... Whitman....................
2
3
0 Washington......................... Yakima.....................
17
23
13 West Virginia...................... Barbour....................
2
3
1 West Virginia...................... Berkeley...................
6
8
4 West Virginia...................... Boone......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Braxton....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Brooke.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Cabell.....................
2
3
1 West Virginia...................... Calhoun....................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Clay.......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Doddridge..................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Fayette....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Gilmer.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Grant......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Greenbrier.................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Hampshire..................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Hancock....................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Hardy......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Harrison...................
6
8
4 West Virginia...................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Jefferson..................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Kanawha....................
28
37
22 West Virginia...................... Lewis......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Lincoln....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Logan......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Marion.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Marshall...................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Mason......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... McDowell...................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Mercer.....................
13
17
10
[[Page 12286]]
West Virginia...................... Mineral....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Mingo......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Monongalia.................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Morgan.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Nicholas...................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Ohio.......................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Pendleton..................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Pleasants..................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Pocahontas.................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Preston....................
2
3
1 West Virginia...................... Putnam.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Raleigh....................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Randolph...................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Ritchie....................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Roane......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Summers....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Taylor.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Tucker.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Tyler......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Upshur.....................
3
4
2 West Virginia...................... Wayne......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Webster....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Wetzel.....................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Wirt.......................
2
3
0 West Virginia...................... Wood.......................
6
8
4 West Virginia...................... Wyoming....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Adams......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Ashland....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Barron.....................
14
19
11 Wisconsin.......................... Bayfield...................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Brown......................
23
30
18 Wisconsin.......................... Buffalo....................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Burnett....................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Calumet....................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Chippewa...................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Clark......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Columbia...................
4
6
3 Wisconsin.......................... Crawford...................
7
10
5 Wisconsin.......................... Dane.......................
21
28
16 Wisconsin.......................... Dodge......................
13
17
10 Wisconsin.......................... Door.......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Douglas....................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Dunn.......................
6
8
4 Wisconsin.......................... Eau Claire.................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Florence...................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Fond du Lac................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Forest.....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Grant......................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Green......................
4
6
3 Wisconsin.......................... Green Lake.................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Iowa.......................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Iron.......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Jackson....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Jefferson..................
4
6
3 Wisconsin.......................... Juneau.....................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Kenosha....................
11
15
8 Wisconsin.......................... Kewaunee...................
7
10
5 Wisconsin.......................... La Crosse..................
7
10
5 Wisconsin.......................... Lafayette..................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Langlade...................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Lincoln....................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Manitowoc..................
3
4
2
[[Page 12287]]
Wisconsin.......................... Marathon...................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Marinette..................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Marquette..................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Menominee..................
6
8
4 Wisconsin.......................... Milwaukee..................
61
80
48 Wisconsin.......................... Monroe.....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Oconto.....................
2
3
1 Wisconsin.......................... Oneida.....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Outagamie..................
8
11
6 Wisconsin.......................... Ozaukee....................
6
8
4 Wisconsin.......................... Pepin......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Pierce.....................
31
41
24 Wisconsin.......................... Polk.......................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Portage....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Price......................
22
29
17 Wisconsin.......................... Racine.....................
13
17
10 Wisconsin.......................... Richland...................
4
6
3 Wisconsin.......................... Rock.......................
12
16
9 Wisconsin.......................... Rusk.......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Sauk.......................
6
8
4 Wisconsin.......................... Sawyer.....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Shawano....................
9
12
7 Wisconsin.......................... Sheboygan..................
7
10
5 Wisconsin.......................... St. Croix..................
4
6
3 Wisconsin.......................... Taylor.....................
12
16
9 Wisconsin.......................... Trempealeau................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Vernon.....................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Vilas......................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Walworth...................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Washburn...................
6
8
4 Wisconsin.......................... Washington.................
3
4
2 Wisconsin.......................... Waukesha...................
12
16
9 Wisconsin.......................... Waupaca....................
9
12
7 Wisconsin.......................... Waushara...................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Winnebago..................
2
3
0 Wisconsin.......................... Wood.......................
3
4
2 Wyoming............................ Albany.....................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Big Horn...................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Campbell...................
7
10
5 Wyoming............................ Carbon.....................
2
3
1 Wyoming............................ Converse...................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Crook......................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Fremont....................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Goshen.....................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Hot Springs................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Johnson....................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Laramie....................
6
8
4 Wyoming............................ Lincoln....................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Natrona....................
3
4
2 Wyoming............................ Niobrara...................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Park.......................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Platte.....................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Sheridan...................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Sublette...................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Sweetwater.................
3
4
2 Wyoming............................ Teton......................
3
4
2 Wyoming............................ Uinta......................
9
12
7 Wyoming............................ Washakie...................
2
3
0 Wyoming............................ Weston.....................
2
3
0
* The term ``county'' includes boroughs and parishes as well as the District of Columbia and independent cities. U.S. territories (i.e., American Samoa, Guam, Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) were considered as single entities.
[[Page 12288]]
Appendix B.--Notice of Capacity Requirements by MSA/RSA for Telecommunications Carriers Providing Cellular Services
[Numbers represent historical simultaneous interceptions and an estimation of the simultaneous requirement of pen register, trap and trace, and call content interceptions that may be conducted anywhere within an MSA/RSA*.]
Market requirement
Estimated Estimated
MSA/RSA No.
MSA/RSA market name
actual
maximum
interceptions interceptions Historical that may be that may be experience conducted conducted
1................................. New York, NY................
181
294
106 2................................. Los Angeles, CA.............
103
167
60 3................................. Chicago, IL.................
48
78
28 4................................. Philadelphia, PA............
30
49
17 5................................. Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI.......
48
78
28 6................................. Boston, MA-NH...............
40
65
23 7................................. San Francisco-Oakland, CA...
35
57
20 8................................. Washington, DC-MD-VA........
65
106
38 9................................. Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.......
40
65
23 10................................ Houston, TX.................
84
137
49 11................................ St. Louis, MO-IL............
23
38
13 12................................ Miami-Fort Lauderdale-
82
133
48 Hollywood, FL.
13................................ Pittsburgh, PA..............
16
26
9 14................................ Baltimore, MD...............
69
112
40 15................................ Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN....
33
54
19 16................................ Cleveland, OH...............
28
46
16 17................................ Atlanta, GA.................
12
20
7 18................................ San Diego, CA...............
23
38
13 19................................ Denver-Boulder, CO..........
40
65
23 20................................ Seattle-Everett, WA.........
14
23
8 21................................ Milwaukee, WI...............
4
7
2 22................................ Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL....
14
23
8 23................................ Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN........
2
4
0 24................................ Kansas City, MO-KS..........
23
38
13 25................................ Buffalo, NY.................
12
20
7 26................................ Phoenix, AZ.................
43
70
25 27................................ San Jose, CA................
33
54
19 28................................ Indianapolis, IN............
9
15
5 29................................ New Orleans, LA.............
21
35
12 30................................ Portland, OR-WA.............
18
30
10 31................................ Columbus, OH................
6
10
3 32................................ Hartford-New Britain-
2
4
1 Bristol, CT.
33................................ San Antonio, TX.............
36
59
21 34................................ Rochester, NY...............
7
12
4 35................................ Sacramento, CA..............
4
7
2 36................................ Memphis, TN-AR-MS...........
4
7
2 37................................ Louisville, KY-IN...........
2
4
0 38................................ Providence-Warwick-
4
7
2 Pawtucket, RI-MA.
39................................ Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT....
26
43
15 40................................ Dayton, OH..................
2
4
0 41................................ Birmingham, AL..............
6
10
3 42................................ Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk,
9
15
5 CT.
43................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-
2
4
0 Portsmouth-Danbury, VA.
44................................ Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY.
2
4
0 45................................ Oklahoma City, OK...........
6
10
3 46................................ Nashville-Davidson, TN......
4
7
2 47................................ Greensboro-Winston Salem-
2
4
0 High Point, NC.
48................................ Toledo, OH-MI...............
16
26
9 49................................ New Haven-West New Haven-
2
4
1 Waterbury, CT.
50................................ Honolulu, HI................
7
12
4 51................................ Jacksonville, FL............
6
10
3 52................................ Akron, OH...................
23
38
13 53................................ Syracuse, NY................
7
12
4 54................................ Gary-Hammond-East Chicago,
48
78
28 IN.
55................................ Worcester-Fitchburg-
11
18
6 Leominster, MA.
56................................ Ne Pennsylvania, PA.........
2
4
0 57................................ Tulsa, OK...................
2
4
1 58................................ Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton,
23
38
13 PA-NJ.
59................................ Richmond, VA................
2
4
0 60................................ Orlando, FL.................
14
23
8 61................................ Charlotte-Gastonia, NC......
2
4
1 62................................ New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-
93
151
54 Sayreville, NJ.
63................................ Springfield-Chicopee-
2
4
1 Holyoke, MA-CT.
[[Page 12289]]
64................................ Grand Rapids, MI............
16
26
9 65................................ Omaha, NE-IA................
12
20
7 66................................ Youngstown-Warren, OH.......
6
10
3 67................................ Greenville-Spartanburg, SC..
2
4
1 68................................ Flint, MI...................
38
62
22 69................................ Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD........
23
38
13 70................................ Long Branch-Asbury Park, NJ.
93
151
54 71................................ Raleigh-Durham, NC..........
4
7
2 72................................ West Palm Beach-Boca Raton,
82
133
48 FL.
73................................ Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura,
48
78
28 CA.
74................................ Fresno, CA..................
2
4
0 75................................ Austin, TX..................
11
18
6 76................................ New Bedford-Fall River, MA-
4
7
2 RI.
77................................ Tucson, AZ..................
60
9835 78................................ Lansing-East Lansing, MI....
16
26
9 79................................ Knoxville, TN...............
7
12
4 80................................ Baton Rouge, LA.............
2
4
0 81................................ El Paso, TX.................
18
30
10 82................................ Tacoma, WA..................
14
23
8 83................................ Mobile, AL..................
2
4
1 84................................ Harrisburg, PA..............
4
7
2 85................................ Johnson City-Kingsport-
2
4
1 Bristol, TN-VA.
86................................ Albuquerque, NM.............
7
12
4 87................................ Canton, OH..................
28
46
16 88................................ Chattanooga, TN-GA..........
2
4
0 89................................ Wichita, KS.................
2
4
0 90................................ Charleston-North Charleston,
2
4
0 SC.
91................................ San Juan-Caguas, PR.........
35
57
20 92................................ Little Rock-North Little
2
4
1 Rock, AR.
93................................ Las Vegas, NV...............
50
82
29 94................................ Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI
16
26
9 95................................ Columbia, SC................
2
4
0 96................................ Fort Wayne, IN..............
7
12
4 97................................ Bakersfield, CA.............
2
4
1 98................................ Davenport-Rock Island-
2
4
0 Moline, IA-IL.
99................................ York, PA....................
4
7
2 100............................... Shreveport, LA..............
2
4
1 101............................... Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX....
33
54
19 102............................... Des Moines, IA..............
4
7
2 103............................... Peoria, IL..................
2
4
0 104............................... Newport News-Hampton, VA....
2
4
0 105............................... Lancaster, PA...............
4
7
2 106............................... Jackson, MS.................
4
7
2 107............................... Stockton, CA................
4
7
2 108............................... Augusta, GA-SC..............
2
4
0 109............................... Spokane, WA.................
2
4
0 110............................... Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH
2
4
1 111............................... Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA..
33
54
19 112............................... Corpus Christi, TX..........
11
18
6 113............................... Madison, WI.................
2
4
0 114............................... Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL...
19
31
11 115............................... Utica-Rome, NY..............
2
4
0 116............................... Lexington-Fayette, KY.......
6
10
3 117............................... Colorado Springs, CO........
33
54
19 118............................... Reading, PA.................
21
35
12 119............................... Evansville, IN-KY...........
2
4
0 120............................... Huntsville, AL..............
2
4
0 121............................... Trenton, NJ.................
21
35
12 122............................... Binghamton, NY..............
2
4
0 123............................... Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA.....
33
54
19 124............................... Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-
19
31
11 Lompoc, CA.
125............................... Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI..
2
4
0 126............................... Salinas-Seaside-Monterey, CA
19
31
11
[[Page 12290]]
127............................... Pensacola, FL...............
2
4
1 128............................... Mcallen-Edinburgh-Mission,
12
20
7 TX.
129............................... South Bend-Mishawaka, IN....
2
4
0 130............................... Erie, PA....................
24
39
14 131............................... Rockford, IL................
9
15
5 132............................... Kalamazoo, MI...............
7
12
4 133............................... Manchester-Nashua, NH.......
2
4
0 134............................... Atlantic City, NJ...........
4
7
2 135............................... Eugene-Springfield, OR......
11
18
6 136............................... Lorain-Elyria, OH...........
28
46
16 137............................... Melbourne-Titusville-Palm
14
23
8 Bay, FL.
138............................... Macon-Warner Robins, GA.....
9
15
5 139............................... Montgomery, AL..............
2
4
0 140............................... Charleston, WV..............
2
4
1 141............................... Duluth, MN-WI...............
2
4
1 142............................... Modesto, CA.................
6
10
3 143............................... Johnstown, PA...............
16
26
9 144............................... Orange County, NY...........
2
4
0 145............................... Hamilton-Middletown, OH.....
2
4
0 146............................... Daytona Beach, FL...........
11
18
6 147............................... Ponce, PR...................
30
49
17 148............................... Salem, OR...................
18
30
10 149............................... Fayetteville, NC............
2
4
0 150............................... Visalia-Tulare-Porterville,
2
4
0 CA.
151............................... Poughkeepsie, NY............
2
4
0 152............................... Portland, ME................
2
4
0 153............................... Columbus, GA-AL.............
2
4
0 154............................... New London-Norwich, CT......
4
7
2 155............................... Savannah, GA................
2
4
1 156............................... Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester,
2
4
0 NH-ME.
157............................... Roanoke, VA.................
2
4
1 158............................... Lima, OH....................
16
26
9 159............................... Provo-Orem, UT..............
14
23
8 160............................... Killeen-Temple, TX..........
2
4
1 161............................... Lubbock, TX.................
11
18
6 162............................... Brownsville-Harlingen, TX...
9
15
5 163............................... Springfield, MO.............
2
4
0 164............................... Fort Myers, FL..............
11
18
6 165............................... Fort Smith, AR-OK...........
2
4
0 166............................... Hickory, NC.................
2
4
0 167............................... Sarasota, FL................
19
31
11 168............................... Tallahassee, FL.............
2
4
0 169............................... Mayaguez, PR................
31
51
18 170............................... Galveston-Texas City, TX....
33
54
19 171............................... Reno, NV....................
2
4
0 172............................... Lincoln, NE.................
2
4
0 173............................... Biloxi-Gulfport, MS.........
2
4
0 174............................... Lafayette, LA...............
2
4
0 175............................... Santa Cruz, CA..............
19
31
11 176............................... Springfield, IL.............
2
4
0 177............................... Battle Creek, MI............
7
12
4 178............................... Wheeling, WV-OH.............
16
26
9 179............................... Topeka, KS..................
23
38
13 180............................... Springfield, OH.............
2
4
0 181............................... Muskegon, MI................
16
26
9 182............................... Fayetteville-Springdale, AR.
2
4
0 183............................... Asheville, NC...............
2
4
0 184............................... Houma-Thibodaux, LA.........
2
4
0 185............................... Terre Haute, IN.............
7
12
4 186............................... Green Bay, WI...............
2
4
0 187............................... Anchorage, AK...............
2
4
0 188............................... Amarillo, TX................
2
4
0 189............................... Racine, WI..................
4
7
2
[[Page 12291]]
190............................... Boise City, ID..............
2
4
0 191............................... Yakima, WA..................
2
4
0 192............................... Gainesville, FL.............
2
4
0 193............................... Benton Harbor, MI...........
2
4
0 194............................... Waco, TX....................
6
10
3 195............................... Cedar Rapids, IA............
2
4
0 196............................... Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL
2
4
0 197............................... Lake Charles, LA............
2
4
0 198............................... St. Cloud, MN...............
23
38
13 199............................... Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV.
2
4
1 200............................... Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH.
2
4
1 201............................... Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA....
2
4
0 202............................... Arecibo, PR.................
31
51
18 203............................... Lynchburg, VA...............
2
4
0 204............................... Aguadilla, PR...............
31
51
18 205............................... Alexandria, LA..............
2
4
0 206............................... Longview-Marshall, TX.......
2
4
1 207............................... Jackson, MI.................
2
4
0 208............................... Fort Pierce, FL.............
62
101
36 209............................... Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-
4
7
2 KY.
210............................... Fort Collins-Loveland, CO...
43
70
25 211............................... Bradenton, FL...............
14
23
8 212............................... Bremerton, WA...............
11
18
6 213............................... Pittsfield, MA..............
2
4
1 214............................... Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA
2
4
0 215............................... Chico, CA...................
2
4
0 216............................... Janesville-Beloit, WI.......
2
4
0 217............................... Anderson, IN................
7
12
4 218............................... Wilmington, NC..............
2
4
0 219............................... Monroe, LA..................
2
4
0 220............................... Abilene, TX.................
4
7
2 221............................... Fargo-Moorehead, ND-MN......
2
4
0 222............................... Tuscaloosa, AL..............
6
10
3 223............................... Elkhart-Goshen, IN..........
2
4
0 224............................... Bangor, ME..................
2
4
0 225............................... Altoona, PA.................
2
4
1 226............................... Florence, AL................
4
7
2 227............................... Anderson, SC................
2
4
1 228............................... Vineland-Milville-Bridgeton,
4
7
2 NJ.
229............................... Medford, OR.................
9
15
5 230............................... Decatur, IL.................
2
4
0 231............................... Mansfield, OH...............
2
4
0 232............................... Eau Claire, WI..............
2
4
0 233............................... Wichita Falls, TX...........
2
4
1 234............................... Athens, GA..................
12
20
7 235............................... Petersburg-Colonial Hts-
2
4
0 Hopewell, VA.
236............................... Muncie, IN..................
7
12
4 237............................... Tyler, TX...................
2
4
0 238............................... Sharon, PA..................
6
10
3 239............................... Joplin, MO..................
2
4
0 240............................... Texarkana, TX-AR............
2
4
0 241............................... Pueblo, CO..................
33
54
19 242............................... Olympia, WA.................
11
18
6 243............................... Greeley, CO.................
43
70
25 244............................... Kenosha, WI.................
4
7
2 245............................... Ocala, FL...................
14
23
8 246............................... Dothan, AL..................
2
4
0 247............................... Lafayette, IN...............
7
12
4 248............................... Burlington, VT..............
2
4
0 249............................... Anniston, AL................
6
10
3 250............................... Bloomington-Normal, IL......
2
4
0 251............................... Williamsport, PA............
2
4
0 252............................... Pascagoula, MS..............
2
4
0
[[Page 12292]]
253............................... Sioux City, IA-NE...........
2
4
0 254............................... Redding, CA.................
2
4
0 255............................... Odessa, TX..................
7
12
4 256............................... Charlottesville, VA.........
2
4
0 257............................... Hagerstown, MD..............
2
4
0 258............................... Jacksonville, NC............
2
4
0 259............................... State College, PA...........
4
7
2 260............................... Lawton, OK..................
2
4
0 261............................... Albany, GA..................
2
4
0 262............................... Danville, VA................
2
4
0 263............................... Wausau, WI..................
2
4
0 264............................... Florence, SC................
2
4
0 265............................... Fort Walton Beach, FL.......
2
4
0 266............................... Glens Falls, NY.............
2
4
0 267............................... Sioux Falls, SD.............
2
4
0 268............................... Billings, MT................
2
4
0 269............................... Cumberland, MD-WV...........
2
4
0 270............................... Bellingham, WA..............
11
18
6 271............................... Kokomo, IN..................
7
12
4 272............................... Gadsden, AL.................
6
10
3 273............................... Kankakee, IL................
48
78
28 274............................... Yuba City, CA...............
4
7
2 275............................... St. Joseph, MO..............
23
38
13 276............................... Grand Forks, ND-MN..........
2
4
0 277............................... Sheboygan, WI...............
4
7
2 278............................... Columbia, MO................
2
4
0 279............................... Lewiston-Auburn, ME.........
2
4
0 280............................... Burlington, NC..............
2
4
0 281............................... Laredo, TX..................
2
4
0 282............................... Bloomington, IN.............
7
12
4 283............................... Panama City, FL.............
2
4
0 284............................... Elmira, NY..................
2
4
0 285............................... Las Cruces, NM..............
7
12
4 286............................... Dubuque, IA.................
2
4
0 287............................... Bryan-College Station, TX...
33
54
19 288............................... Rochester, MN...............
23
38
13 289............................... Rapid City, SD..............
2
4
0 290............................... Lacrosse, WI................
2
4
0 291............................... Pine Bluff, AR..............
2
4
1 292............................... Sherman-Denison, TX.........
31
51
18 293............................... Owensboro, KY...............
2
4
0 294............................... San Angelo, TX..............
2
4
0 295............................... Midland, TX.................
2
4
0 296............................... Iowa City, IA...............
2
4
0 297............................... Great Falls, MT.............
4
7
2 298............................... Bismarck, ND................
2
4
0 299............................... Casper, WY..................
2
4
0 300............................... Victoria, TX................
2
4
0 301............................... Lawrence, KS................
23
38
13 302............................... Enid, OK....................
2
4
0 303............................... Aurora-Elgin, IL............
48
78
28 304............................... Joliet, IL..................
48
78
28 305............................... Alton-Granite City, IL......
2
4
0 306............................... Gulf Of Mexico..............
2
4
0 307............................... Alabama 01--Franklin........
2
4
0 308............................... Alabama 02--Jackson.........
2
4
0 309............................... Alabama 03--Lamar...........
2
4
0 310............................... Alabama 04--Bibb............
2
4
0 311............................... Alabama 05--Cleburne........
6
10
3 312............................... Alabama 06--Washington......
2
4
0 313............................... Alabama 07--Butler..........
2
4
0 314............................... Alabama 08--Lee.............
2
4
0 315............................... Alaska 01--Wade Hampton.....
2
4
0
[[Page 12293]]
316............................... Alaska 02--Bethel...........
2
4
0 317............................... Alaska 03--Haines...........
2
4
0 318............................... Arizona 01--Mohave..........
2
4
0 319............................... Arizona 02--Coconino........
2
4
0 320............................... Arizona 03--Navajo..........
2
4
0 321............................... Arizona 04--Yuma............
33
54
19 322............................... Arizona 05--Gila............
12
20
7 323............................... Arizona 06--Graham..........
12
20
7 324............................... Arkansas 01--Madison........
2
4
0 325............................... Arkansas 02--Marion.........
2
4
0 326............................... Arkansas 03--Sharp..........
2
4
0 327............................... Arkansas 04--Clay...........
2
4
0 328............................... Arkansas 05--Cross..........
2
4
0 329............................... Arkansas 06--Cleburne.......
2
4
0 330............................... Arkansas 07--Pope...........
2
4
0 331............................... Arkansas 08--Franklin.......
2
4
0 332............................... Arkansas 09--Polk...........
2
4
0 333............................... Arkansas 10--Garland........
2
4
0 334............................... Arkansas 11--Hempstead......
2
4
0 335............................... Arkansas 12--Ouachita.......
2
4
0 336............................... California 01--Del Norte....
2
4
0 337............................... California 02--Modoc........
2
4
0 338............................... California 03--Alpine.......
2
4
1 339............................... California 04--Madera.......
2
4
0 340............................... California 05--San Luis
19
31
11 Obispo.
341............................... California 06--Mono.........
2
4
0 342............................... California 07--Imperial.....
2
4
1 343............................... California 08--Tehama.......
2
4
0 344............................... California 09--Mendocino....
19
31
11 345............................... California 10--Sierra.......
4
7
2 346............................... California 11--El Dorado....
4
7
2 347............................... California 12--Kings........
2
4
0 348............................... Colorado 01--Moffat.........
2
4
0 349............................... Colorado 02--Logan..........
2
4
0 350............................... Colorado 03--Garfield.......
2
4
0 351............................... Colorado 04--Park...........
2
4
0 352............................... Colorado 05--Elbert.........
2
4
0 353............................... Colorado 06--San Miguel.....
2
4
0 354............................... Colorado 07--Saguache.......
33
54
19 355............................... Colorado 08--Kiowa..........
2
4
0 356............................... Colorado 09--Costilla.......
33
54
19 357............................... Connecticut 01--Litchfield..
2
4
0 358............................... Connecticut 02--Windham.....
2
4
0 359............................... Deleware 01--Kent...........
21
35
12 360............................... Florida 01--Collier.........
38
62
22 361............................... Florida 02--Glades..........
108
176
63 362............................... Florida 03--Hardee..........
11
18
6 363............................... Florida 04--Citrus..........
14
23
8 364............................... Florida 05--Putnam..........
2
4
0 365............................... Florida 06--Dixie...........
2
4
0 366............................... Florida 07--Hamilton........
2
4
0 367............................... Florida 08--Jefferson.......
2
4
0 368............................... Florida 09--Calhoun.........
2
4
0 369............................... Florida 10--Walton..........
2
4
1 370............................... Florida 11--Monroe..........
82
133
48 371............................... Georgia 01--Whitfield.......
2
4
0 372............................... Georgia 02--Dawson..........
2
4
0 373............................... Georgia 03--Chattooga.......
11
18
6 374............................... Georgia 04--Jasper..........
11
18
6 375............................... Georgia 05--Haralson........
2
4
0 376............................... Georgia 06--Spalding........
2
4
0 377............................... Georgia 07--Hancock.........
2
4
0 378............................... Georgia 08--Warren..........
2
4
0
[[Page 12294]]
379............................... Georgia 09--Marion..........
2
4
1 380............................... Georgia 10--Bleckley........
2
4
0 381............................... Georgia 11--Toombs..........
2
4
0 382............................... Georgia 12--Liberty.........
2
4
0 383............................... Georgia 13--Early...........
2
4
0 384............................... Georgia 14--Worth...........
2
4
0 385............................... Hawaii 01--Kauai............
4
7
2 386............................... Hawaii 02--Maui.............
4
7
2 387............................... Hawaii 03--Hawaii...........
4
7
2 388............................... Idaho 01--Boundary..........
2
4
0 389............................... Idaho 02--Idaho.............
2
4
0 390............................... Idaho 03--Lemhi.............
2
4
0 391............................... Idaho 04--Elmore............
2
4
0 392............................... Idaho 05--Butte.............
11
18
6 393............................... Idaho 06--Clark.............
2
4
0 394............................... Illinois 01--Jo Daviess.....
9
15
5 395............................... Illinois 02--Bureau.........
2
4
0 396............................... Illinois 03--Mercer.........
2
4
0 397............................... Illinois 04--Adams..........
2
4
0 398............................... Illinois 05--Mason..........
2
4
0 399............................... Illinois 06--Montgomery.....
2
4
0 400............................... Illinois 07--Vermilion......
2
4
0 401............................... Illinois 08--Washington.....
2
4
0 402............................... Illinois 09--Clay...........
2
4
0 403............................... Indiana 01--Newton..........
7
12
4 404............................... Indiana 02--Kosciusko.......
2
4
0 405............................... Indiana 03--Huntington......
7
12
4 406............................... Indiana 04--Miami...........
2
4
0 407............................... Indiana 05--Warren..........
2
4
0 408............................... Indiana 06--Randolph........
7
12
4 409............................... Indiana 07--Owen............
2
4
0 410............................... Indiana 08--Brown...........
7
12
4 411............................... Indiana 09--Decatur.........
7
12
4 412............................... Iowa 01--Mills..............
2
4
0 413............................... Iowa 02--Union..............
2
4
0 414............................... Iowa 03--Monroe.............
2
4
0 415............................... Iowa 04--Muscatine..........
2
4
0 416............................... Iowa 05--Jackson............
2
4
0 417............................... Iowa 06--Iowa...............
2
4
0 418............................... Iowa 07--Audubon............
2
4
0 419............................... Iowa 08--Monona.............
2
4
0 420............................... Iowa 09--Ida................
2
4
0 421............................... Iowa 10--Humboldt...........
2
4
0 422............................... Iowa 11--Hardin.............
2
4
0 423............................... Iowa 12--Winneshiek.........
2
4
0 424............................... Iowa 13--Mitchell...........
2
4
0 425............................... Iowa 14--Kossuth............
2
4
0 426............................... Iowa 15--Dickinson..........
2
4
0 427............................... Iowa 16--Lyon...............
2
4
0 428............................... Kansas 01--Cheyenne.........
2
4
0 429............................... Kansas 02--Norton...........
2
4
0 430............................... Kansas 03--Jewell...........
2
4
0 431............................... Kansas 04--Marshall.........
2
4
0 432............................... Kansas 05--Brown............
2
4
0 433............................... Kansas 06--Wallace..........
2
4
0 434............................... Kansas 07--Trego............
2
4
0 435............................... Kansas 08--Ellsworth........
2
4
0 436............................... Kansas 09--Morris...........
2
4
0 437............................... Kansas 10--Franklin.........
2
4
0 438............................... Kansas 11--Hamilton.........
2
4
0 439............................... Kansas 12--Hodgeman.........
2
4
0 440............................... Kansas 13--Edwards..........
2
4
0 441............................... Kansas 14--Reno.............
2
4
0
[[Page 12295]]
442............................... Kansas 15--Elk..............
2
4
0 443............................... Kentucky 01--Fulton.........
2
4
0 444............................... Kentucky 02--Union..........
2
4
0 445............................... Kentucky 03--Meade..........
2
4
0 446............................... Kentucky 04--Spencer........
2
4
0 447............................... Kentucky 05--Barren.........
2
4
0 448............................... Kentucky 06--Madison........
2
4
0 449............................... Kentucky 07--Trimble........
2
4
0 450............................... Kentucky 08--Mason..........
2
4
0 451............................... Kentucky 09--Elliott........
2
4
0 452............................... Kentucky 10--Powell.........
2
4
0 453............................... Kentucky 11--Clay...........
6
10
3 454............................... Louisiana 01--Claiborne.....
2
4
0 455............................... Louisiana 02--Morehouse.....
2
4
0 456............................... Louisiana 03--De Soto.......
2
4
0 457............................... Louisiana 04--Caldwell......
2
4
0 458............................... Louisiana 05--Beauregard....
2
4
0 459............................... Louisiana 06--Iberville.....
2
4
0 460............................... Louisiana 07--West Feliciana
2
4
0 461............................... Louisiana 08--St. James.....
2
4
0 462............................... Louisiana 09--Plaquemines...
2
4
0 463............................... Maine 01--Oxford............
2
4
0 464............................... Maine 02--Somerset..........
2
4
0 465............................... Maine 03--Kennebec..........
2
4
0 466............................... Maine 04--Washington........
2
4
0 467............................... Maryland 01--Garrett........
2
4
0 468............................... Maryland 02--Kent...........
28
46
16 469............................... Maryland 03--Frederick......
26
43
15 470............................... Massachusetts 01--Franklin..
2
4
0 471............................... Massachusetts 02--Barnstable
11
18
6 472............................... Michigan 01--Gogebic........
2
4
0 473............................... Michigan 02--Alger..........
2
4
0 474............................... Michigan 03--Emmet..........
2
4
0 475............................... Michigan 04--Cheboygan......
2
4
0 476............................... Michigan 05--Manistee.......
2
4
0 477............................... Michigan 06--Roscommon......
2
4
0 478............................... Michigan 07--Newaygo........
2
4
0 479............................... Michigan 08--Allegan........
6
10
3 480............................... Michigan 09--Cass...........
2
4
0 481............................... Michigan 10--Tuscola........
2
4
0 482............................... Minnesota 01--Kittson.......
2
4
1 483............................... Minnesota 02--Lake of the
2
4
1 Woods.
484............................... Minnesota 03--Koochiching...
2
4
1 485............................... Minnesota 04--Lake..........
2
4
0 486............................... Minnesota 05--Wilkin........
2
4
1 487............................... Minnesota 06--Hubbard.......
2
4
1 488............................... Minnesota 07--Chippewa......
2
4
0 489............................... Minnesota 08--Lac Qui Pari..
2
4
0 490............................... Minnesota 09--Pipestone.....
2
4
0 491............................... Minnesota 10--Le Sueur......
2
4
0 492............................... Minnesota 11--Goodhue.......
2
4
0 493............................... Mississippi 01--Tunica......
2
4
0 494............................... Mississippi 02--Benton......
2
4
0 495............................... Mississippi 03--Bolivar.....
2
4
0 496............................... Mississippi 04--Yalobusha...
2
4
0 497............................... Mississippi 05--Washington..
2
4
0 498............................... Mississippi 06--Montgomery..
2
4
0 499............................... Mississippi 07--Leake.......
2
4
0 500............................... Mississippi 08--Claiborne...
2
4
0 501............................... Mississippi 09--Copiah......
4
7
2 502............................... Mississippi 10--Smith.......
2
4
0 503............................... Mississippi 11--Lamar.......
2
4
0 504............................... Missouri 01--Atchison.......
2
4
0
[[Page 12296]]
505............................... Missouri 02--Harrison.......
23
38
13 506............................... Missouri 03--Schuyler.......
2
4
0 507............................... Missouri 04--De Kalb........
23
38
13 508............................... Missouri 05--Linn...........
2
4
0 509............................... Missouri 06--Marion.........
2
4
0 510............................... Missouri 07--Saline.........
2
4
0 511............................... Missouri 08--Callaway.......
21
35
12 512............................... Missouri 09--Bates..........
2
4
0 513............................... Missouri 10--Benton.........
2
4
0 514............................... Missouri 11--Moniteau.......
2
4
0 515............................... Missouri 12--Maries.........
2
4
0 516............................... Missouri 13--Washington.....
14
23
8 517............................... Missouri 14--Barton.........
2
4
0 518............................... Missouri 15--Stone..........
2
4
0 519............................... Missouri 16--Laclede........
2
4
0 520............................... Missouri 17--Shannon........
2
4
0 521............................... Missouri 18--Perry..........
2
4
0 522............................... Missouri 19--Stoddard.......
2
4
0 523............................... Montana 01--Lincoln.........
2
4
0 524............................... Montana 02--Toole...........
2
4
0 525............................... Montana 03--Phillips........
2
4
0 526............................... Montana 04--Daniels.........
2
4
0 527............................... Montana 05--Mineral.........
2
4
0 528............................... Montana 06--Deer Lodge......
2
4
0 529............................... Montana 07--Fergus..........
9
15
5 530............................... Montana 08--Beaverhead......
2
4
0 531............................... Montana 09--Carbon..........
2
4
0 532............................... Montana 10--Prairie.........
2
4
0 533............................... Nebraska 01--Sioux..........
2
4
0 534............................... Nebraska 02--Cherry.........
2
4
0 535............................... Nebraska 03--Knox...........
2
4
0 536............................... Nebraska 04--Grant..........
2
4
0 537............................... Nebraska 05--Boone..........
2
4
0 538............................... Nebraska 06--Keith..........
2
4
0 539............................... Nebraska 07--Hall...........
2
4
0 540............................... Nebraska 08--Chase..........
2
4
0 541............................... Nebraska 09--Adams..........
2
4
0 542............................... Nebraska 10--Cass...........
2
4
0 543............................... Nevada 01--Humboldt.........
2
4
0 544............................... Nevada 02--Lander...........
2
4
0 545............................... Nevada 03--Storey...........
2
4
0 546............................... Nevada 04--Mineral..........
2
4
0 547............................... Nevada 05--White Pine.......
2
4
0 548............................... New Hampshire 01--Coos......
2
4
0 549............................... New Hampshire 02--Carroll...
2
4
0 550............................... New Jersey 01--Hunterdon....
2
4
0 551............................... New Jersey 02--Ocean........
4
7
2 552............................... New Jersey 03--Sussex.......
2
4
0 553............................... New Mexico 01--San Juan.....
2
4
0 554............................... New Mexico 02--Colfax.......
2
4
0 555............................... New Mexico 03--Catron.......
2
4
0 556............................... New Mexico 04--Santa Fe.....
2
4
0 557............................... New Mexico 05--Grant........
2
4
0 558............................... New Mexico 06--Lincoln......
2
4
0 559............................... New York 01--Jefferson......
2
4
0 560............................... New York 02--Franklin.......
2
4
0 561............................... New York 03--Chautauqua.....
2
4
0 562............................... New York 04--Yates..........
2
4
0 563............................... New York 05--Ostego.........
2
4
1 564............................... New York 06--Columbia.......
2
4
0 565............................... North Carolina 01--Cherokee.
2
4
0 566............................... North Carolina 02--Yancey...
2
4
0 567............................... North Carolina 03--Ashe.....
2
4
0
[[Page 12297]]
568............................... North Carolina 04--Henderson
2
4
0 569............................... North Carolina 05--Anson....
2
4
0 570............................... North Carolina 06--Chatham..
2
4
0 571............................... North Carolina 07--
2
4
0 Rockingham.
572............................... North Carolina 08--
2
4
0 Northampton.
573............................... North Carolina 09--Camden...
2
4
0 574............................... North Carolina 10--Harnett..
2
4
0 575............................... North Carolina 11--Hoke.....
2
4
0 576............................... North Carolina 12--Sampson..
2
4
0 577............................... North Carolina 13--Greene...
2
4
0 578............................... North Carolina 14--Pitt.....
2
4
0 579............................... North Carolina 15--Cabarrus.
2
4
0 580............................... North Dakota 01--Divide.....
2
4
0 581............................... North Dakota 02--Bottineau..
2
4
0 582............................... North Dakota 03--Barnes.....
2
4
0 583............................... North Dakota 04--Mckenzie...
2
4
0 584............................... North Dakota 05--Kidder.....
2
4
0 585............................... Ohio 01--Williams...........
2
4
0 586............................... Ohio 02--Sandusky...........
2
4
0 587............................... Ohio 03--Ashtabula..........
2
4
0 588............................... Ohio 04--Mercer.............
2
4
0 589............................... Ohio 05--Hancock............
2
4
0 590............................... Ohio 06--Morrow.............
2
4
0 591............................... Ohio 07--Tuscarawas.........
2
4
0 592............................... Ohio 08--Clinton............
2
4
0 593............................... Ohio 09--Ross...............
2
4
0 594............................... Ohio 10--Perry..............
2
4
0 595............................... Ohio 11--Columbiana.........
2
4
0 596............................... Oklahoma 01--Cimarron.......
2
4
0 597............................... Oklahoma 02--Harper.........
2
4
0 598............................... Oklahoma 03--Grant..........
2
4
0 599............................... Oklahoma 04--Nowata.........
2
4
0 600............................... Oklahoma 05--Roger Mills....
2
4
0 601............................... Oklahoma 06--Seminole.......
2
4
1 602............................... Oklahoma 07--Beckham........
2
4
0 603............................... Oklahoma 08--Jackson........
2
4
0 604............................... Oklahoma 09--Garvin.........
2
4
0 605............................... Oklahoma 10--Haskell........
2
4
0 606............................... Oregon 01--Clatsop..........
2
4
0 607............................... Oregon 02--Hood River.......
2
4
0 608............................... Oregon 03--Umatilla.........
2
4
0 609............................... Oregon 04--Lincoln..........
9
15
5 610............................... Oregon 05--Coos.............
2
4
0 611............................... Oregon 06--Crook............
2
4
0 612............................... Pennsylvania 01--Crawford...
2
4
0 613............................... Pennsylvania 02--McKean.....
2
4
0 614............................... Pennsylvania 03--Potter.....
2
4
0 615............................... Pennsylvania 04--Bradford...
2
4
0 616............................... Pennsylvania 05--Wayne......
2
4
0 617............................... Pennsylvania 06--Lawrence...
2
4
0 618............................... Pennsylvania 07--Jefferson..
2
4
0 619............................... Pennsylvania 08--Union......
2
4
0 620............................... Pennsylvania 09--Greene.....
2
4
0 621............................... Pennsylvania 10--Bedford....
2
4
0 622............................... Pennsylvania 11--Huntingdon.
2
4
1 623............................... Pennsylvania 12--Lebanon....
2
4
0 624............................... Rhode Island 01--Newport....
2
4
0 625............................... South Carolina 01--Oconee...
2
4
0 626............................... South Carolina 02--Laurens..
2
4
0 627............................... South Carolina 03--Cherokee.
2
4
0 628............................... South Carolina 04--
2
4
0 Chesterfield.
629............................... South Carolina 05--
2
4
0 Georgetown.
630............................... South Carolina 06--Clarendon
2
4
0
[[Page 12298]]
631............................... South Carolina 07--Calhoun..
2
4
0 632............................... South Carolina 08--Hampton..
2
4
0 633............................... South Carolina 09--Lancaster
2
4
0 634............................... South Dakota 01--Harding....
2
4
0 635............................... South Dakota 02--Corson.....
2
4
0 636............................... South Dakota 03--McPherson..
2
4
0 637............................... South Dakota 04--Marshall...
2
4
0 638............................... South Dakota 05--Custer.....
2
4
0 639............................... South Dakota 06--Haakon.....
2
4
0 640............................... South Dakota 07--Sully......
2
4
0 641............................... South Dakota 08--Kingsbury..
2
4
0 642............................... South Dakota 09--Hanson.....
2
4
0 643............................... Tennessee 01--Lake..........
2
4
0 644............................... Tennessee 02--Cannon........
2
4
0 645............................... Tennessee 03--Macon.........
2
4
1 646............................... Tennessee 04--Hamblen.......
11
18
6 647............................... Tennessee 05--Fayette.......
2
4
0 648............................... Tennessee 06--Giles.........
2
4
0 649............................... Tennessee 07--Bledsoe.......
4
7
2 650............................... Tennessee 08--Johnson.......
2
4
0 651............................... Tennessee 09--Maury.........
2
4
0 652............................... Texas 01--Dallam............
2
4
0 653............................... Texas 02--Hansford..........
2
4
0 654............................... Texas 03--Parmer............
2
4
0 655............................... Texas 04--Briscoe...........
2
4
1 656............................... Texas 05--Hardeman..........
2
4
0 657............................... Texas 06--Jack..............
31
51
18 658............................... Texas 07--Fannin............
31
51
18 659............................... Texas 08--Gaines............
2
4
0 660............................... Texas 09--Runnels...........
2
4
0 661............................... Texas 10--Navarro...........
2
4
0 662............................... Texas 11--Cherokee..........
33
54
19 663............................... Texas 12--Hudspeth..........
2
4
0 664............................... Texas 13--Reeves............
2
4
0 665............................... Texas 14--Loving............
2
4
0 666............................... Texas 15--Concho............
2
4
0 667............................... Texas 16--Burleson..........
33
54
19 668............................... Texas 17--Newton............
33
54
19 669............................... Texas 18--Edwards...........
4
7
2 670............................... Texas 19--Atascosa..........
2
4
0 671............................... Texas 20--Wilson............
33
54
19 672............................... Texas 21--Chambers..........
33
54
19 673............................... Utah 01--Box Elder..........
24
39
14 674............................... Utah 02--Morgan.............
16
26
9 675............................... Utah 03--Juab...............
2
4
0 676............................... Utah 04--Beaver.............
2
4
0 677............................... Utah 05--Carbon.............
2
4
0 678............................... Utah 06--Piute..............
2
4
0 679............................... Vermont 01--Franklin........
2
4
0 680............................... Vermont 02--Addison.........
2
4
0 681............................... Virginia 01--Lee............
2
4
0 682............................... Virginia 02--Tazewell.......
2
4
0 683............................... Virginia 03--Giles..........
2
4
0 684............................... Virginia 04--Bedford........
2
4
1 685............................... Virginia 05--Bath...........
2
4
0 686............................... Virginia 06--Highland.......
2
4
1 687............................... Virginia 07--Buckingham.....
2
4
0 688............................... Virginia 08--Amelia.........
2
4
0 689............................... Virginia 09--Greensville....
2
4
0 690............................... Virginia 10--Frederick......
2
4
0 691............................... Virginia 11--Madison........
2
4
1 692............................... Virginia 12--Caroline.......
2
4
0 693............................... Washington 01--Clallam......
11
18
6
[[Page 12299]]
694............................... Washington 02--Okanogan.....
2
4
0 695............................... Washington 03--Ferry........
2
4
0 696............................... Washington 04--Grays Harbor.
2
4
0 697............................... Washington 05--Kittitas.....
2
4
0 698............................... Washington 06--Pacific......
2
4
0 699............................... Washington 07--Skamania.....
2
4
0 700............................... Washington 08--Whitman......
2
4
0 701 West.......................... Virginia 01--Mason..........
2
4
0 702 West.......................... Virginia 02--Wetzel.........
2
4
0 703 West.......................... Virginia 03--Monongalia.....
2
4
0 704 West.......................... Virginia 04--Grant..........
2
4
0 705 West.......................... Virginia 05--Tucker.........
2
4
0 706 West.......................... Virginia 06--Lincoln........
2
4
0 707 West.......................... Virginia 07--Raleigh........
2
4
0 708............................... Wisconsin 01--Burnett.......
2
4
0 709............................... Wisconsin 02--Bayfield......
2
4
0 710............................... Wisconsin 03--Vilas.........
2
4
0 711............................... Wisconsin 04--Marinette.....
2
4
0 712............................... Wisconsin 05--Pierce........
2
4
0 713............................... Wisconsin 06--Trempealeau...
2
4
0 714............................... Wisconsin 07--Wood..........
2
4
0 715............................... Wisconsin 08--Vernon........
2
4
0 716............................... Wisconsin 09--Columbia......
4
7
2 717............................... Wisconsin 10--Door..........
2
4
0 718............................... Wyoming 01--Park............
2
4
0 719............................... Wyoming 02--Sheridan........
2
4
0 720............................... Wyoming 03--Lincoln.........
2
4
0 721............................... Wyoming 04--Niobrara........
2
4
0 722............................... Wyoming 05--Converse........
2
4
0 723............................... Puerto Rico 01--Rincon......
30
49
17 724............................... Puerto Rico 02--Adjuntas....
30
49
17 725............................... Puerto Rico 03--Ciales......
30
49
17 726............................... Puerto Rico 04--Aibonito....
30
49
17 727............................... Puerto Rico 05--Ceiba.......
30
49
17 728............................... Puerto Rico 06--Vieques.....
30
49
17 729............................... Puerto Rico 07--Culebra.....
30
49
17 730............................... Virgin Islands 01--St.
2
4
0 Thomas Island.
731............................... Virgin Islands 02--St. Croix
2
4
0 732............................... Guam 01--Guam...............
2
4
0 733............................... American Samoa 01--American
2
4
0 Samoa.
734............................... Northern Mariana Islands 01--
2
4
0 Northern Mariana Islands.
* The acronym MSA/RSA is used for cellular service licensing purposes. The Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) designated 734 markets; 306 Metropolitan Statistical Area (``MSAs'') and 428 Rural Statistical Areas
(``RSAs''), based on population density.''
Appendix C.--Notice of Capacity Requirements by PCS Market (MTA) for Telecommunications Carriers Providing PCS Services
[Numbers represent historical simultaneous interceptions and an estimation of the simultaneous requirement of pen register, trap and trace, and call content interceptions that may be conducted anywhere within an MTA*.]
Market requirement
Estimated Estimated
MTA No.
MTA market name
actual
maximum Calculated interceptions interceptions historical that may be that may be experience conducted conducted
1................................. New York....................
183
297
107 2................................. Los Angeles-San Diego.......
161
261
94 3................................. Chicago.....................
48
78
28 4................................. San Francisco-Oakland-San
43
70
25 Jose.
5................................. Detroit.....................
48
78
28 6................................. Charlotte-Greensboro-
12
20
7 Greenville-Raleigh.
[[Page 12300]]
7................................. Dallas-Ft Worth.............
70
114
41 8................................. Boston-Providence...........
52
85
30 9................................. Philadelphia................
53
86
31 10................................ Washington-Baltimore........
70
114
41 11................................ Atlanta.....................
12
20
7 12................................ Minneapolis-St Paul.........
33
54
19 13................................ Tampa-St Petersburg-Orlando.
98159
57 14................................ Houston.....................
84
137
49 15................................ Miami-Ft Lauderdale.........
84
137
49 16................................ Cleveland...................
33
54
19 17................................ New Orleans-Baton Rouge.....
21
35
12 18................................ Cincinnati-Dayton...........
7
12
4 19................................ St Louis....................
35
57
20 20................................ Milwaukee...................
4
7
2 21................................ Pittsburgh..................
16
26
9 22................................ Denver......................
45
73
26 23................................ Richmond-Norfolk............
2
4
1 24................................ Seattle (Excluding Alaska)..
14
23
8 25................................ Puerto Rico-U.S. Virgin
35
57
20 Islands.
26................................ Louisville-Lexington-
7
12
4 Evansville.
27................................ Phoenix.....................
82
133
48 28................................ Memphis-Jackson.............
4
7
2 29................................ Birmingham..................
6
10
3 30................................ Portland....................
18
30
10 31................................ Indianapolis................
9
15
5 32................................ Des Moines-Quad Cities......
9
15
5 33................................ San Antonio.................
50
82
29 34................................ Kansas City.................
23
38
13 35................................ Buffalo-Rochester...........
16
26
9 36................................ Salt Lake City..............
41
67
24 37................................ Jacksonville................
6
10
3 38................................ Columbus....................
6
10
3 39................................ El Paso-Albuquerque.........
43
70
25 40................................ Little Rock.................
2
4
1 41................................ Oklahoma City...............
6
10
3 42................................ Spokane-Billings............
9
15
5 43................................ Nashville...................
6
10
3 44................................ Knoxville...................
14
23
8 45................................ Omaha.......................
12
20
7 46................................ Wichita.....................
2
4
0 47................................ Honolulu....................
7
12
4 48................................ Tulsa.......................
2
4
1 49................................ Alaska......................
2
4
0 50................................ Guam-Northern Mariana
2
4
0 Islands.
51................................ American Samoa..............
2
4
0
* MTAs are Rand McNally Major Trading Areas. Areas defined by the FCC for the purpose of issuing licenses for PCS. Based on Material Copyright ‹Copyright› 1992 Rand McNally & Company. Reprinted with permission of Rand McNally, all rights reserved.
Appendix D.--Notice of Capacity Requirements by PCS Market (BTA) for Telecommunications Carriers Providing PCS Services
[Numbers represent historical simultaneous interceptions and an estimation of the simultaneous requirement of pen register, trap and trace, and call content interceptions that may be conducted anywhere within a BTA*.]
Market requirement
Estimated Estimated
BTA No.
BTA market name
actual
maximum Calculated interceptions interceptions historical that may be that may be experience conducted conducted
1................................. Aberdeen, SD................
2
4
0 2................................. Aberdeen, WA................
2
4
0
[[Page 12301]]
3................................. Abilene, TX.................
4
7
2 4................................. Ada, OK.....................
2
4
0 5................................. Adrian, MI..................
2
4
0 6................................. Albany-Tifton, GA...........
2
4
1 7................................. Albany-Schenectady, NY......
2
4
1 8................................. Albuquerque, NM.............
7
12
4 9................................. Alexandria, LA..............
2
4
0 10................................ Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton,
23
38
13 PA.
11................................ Alpena, MI..................
2
4
0 12................................ Altoona, PA.................
2
4
1 13................................ Amarillo, TX................
2
4
1 14................................ Anchorage, AK...............
2
4
0 15................................ Anderson, IN................
7
12
4 16................................ Anderson, SC................
11
18
6 17................................ Anniston, AL................
6
10
3 18................................ Appleton-Oshkosh, WI........
2
4
0 19................................ Ardmore, OK.................
2
4
0 20................................ Asheville-Hendersonville, NC
2
4
0 21................................ Ashtabula, OH...............
2
4
0 22................................ Athens, GA..................
12
20
7 23................................ Athens, OH..................
2
4
0 24................................ Atlanta, GA.................
12
20
7 25................................ Atlantic City, NJ...........
4
7
2 26................................ Augusta, GA.................
11
18
6 27................................ Austin, TX..................
36
59
21 28................................ Bakersfield, CA.............
2
4
1 29................................ Baltimore, MD...............
70
114
41 30................................ Bangor, ME..................
2
4
0 31................................ Bartlesville, OK............
2
4
0 32................................ Baton Rouge, LA.............
2
4
0 33................................ Battle Creek, MI............
7
12
4 34................................ Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX....
33
54
19 35................................ Beckley, WV.................
2
4
0 36................................ Bellingham, WA..............
11
18
6 37................................ Bemidji, MN.................
2
4
1 38................................ Bend, OR....................
2
4
0 39................................ Benton Harbor, Ml...........
2
4
0 40................................ Big Spring, TX..............
2
4
0 41................................ Billings, MT................
9
15
5 42................................ Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula,
2
4
0 MS.
43................................ Binghamton, NY..............
2
4
0 44................................ Birmingham, AL..............
6
10
3 45................................ Bismarck, ND................
2
4
0 46................................ Bloomington, IL.............
2
4
0 47................................ Bloomington-Bedford, IN.....
7
12
4 48................................ Bluefield, WV...............
2
4
0 49................................ Blytheville, AR.............
2
4 0
50................................ Boise-Nampa, ID.............
2
4
0 51................................ Boston, MA..................
40
65
23 52................................ Bowling Green-Glasgow, KY...
2
4
0 53................................ Bozeman, MT.................
2
4
0 54................................ Brainerd, MN................
2
4
1 55................................ Bremerton, WA...............
11
18
6 56................................ Brownsville-Harlingen, TX...
9
15
5 57................................ Brownwood, TX...............
2
4
0 58................................ Brunswick, GA...............
2
4
0 59................................ Bryan-College Station, TX...
33
54
19 60................................ Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY...
12
20
7 61................................ Burlington, IA..............
2
4
0 62................................ Burlington, NC..............
2
4
0 63................................ Burlington, VT..............
2
4
0 64................................ Butte, MT...................
2
4
0 65................................ Canton-New Philadelphia, OH.
28
46
16
[[Page 12302]]
66................................ Cape Girardeau-Sikeston, MO.
2
4
0 67................................ Carbondale-Marion, IL.......
2
4
0 68................................ Carlsbad, NM................
2
4
0 69................................ Casper-Gillette, WY.........
2
4
0 70................................ Cedar Rapids, IA............
2
4
0 71................................ Champaign-Urbana, IL........
2
4
0 72................................ Charleston, SC..............
2
4
0 73................................ Charleston, WV..............
2
4
1 74................................ Charlotte-Gastonia, NC......
2
4
1 75................................ Charlottesville, VA.........
2
4
1 76................................ Chattanooga, TN.............
11
18
6 77................................ Cheyenne, WY................
2
4
0 78................................ Chicago, IL.................
48
78
28 79................................ Chio-Oroville, CA...........
2
4
0 80................................ Chillicothe, OH.............
2
4
0 81................................ Cincinnati, OH..............
7
12
4 82................................ Clarksburg-Elkins, WV.......
2
4
0 83................................ Clarksville, TN--
4
7
2 Hopkinsville, KY.
84................................ Cleveland-Akron, OH.........
28
46
16 85................................ Cleveland, TN...............
4
7
2 86................................ Clinton, IA--Sterling, IL...
9
15
5 87................................ Clovis, NM..................
2
4
0 88................................ Coffeyville, KS.............
2
4
0 89................................ Colorado Springs, CO........
33
54
19 90................................ Columbia, MO................
21
35
12 91................................ Columbia, SC................
2
4
0 92................................ Columbus, GA................
2
4
1 93................................ Columbus, IN................
7
12
4 94................................ Columbus-Starkville, MS.....
2
4
0 95................................ Columbus, OH................
6
10
3 96................................ Cookeville, TN..............
2
4
1 97................................ Coos Bay-North Bend, OR.....
2
4
0 98................................ Corbin, KY..................
6
10
3 99................................ Corpus Christi, TX..........
33
54
19 100............................... Cumberland, MD..............
2
4
0 101............................... Dallas-Ft Worth, TX.........
55
90
32 102............................... Dalton, GA..................
2
4
0 103............................... Danville, IL................
2
4
0 104............................... Danville, VA................
2
4
0 105............................... Davenport, IA--Moline, IL...
2
4
0 106............................... Dayton-Springfield, OH......
2
4
0 107............................... Daytona Beach, FL...........
11
18
6 108............................... Decatur, AL.................
2
4
0 109............................... Decatur-Effingham, IL.......
2
4
0 110............................... Denver, CO..................
40
65
23 111............................... Des Moines, IA..............
4
7
2 112............................... Detroit, MI.................
48
78
28 113............................... Dickinson, ND...............
2
4
0 114............................... Dodge City, KS..............
2
4
0 115............................... Dothan-Enterprise, AL.......
2
4
0 116............................... Dover, DE...................
41
67
24 117............................... Du Bois-Clearfield, PA......
2
4
0 118............................... Dubuque, IA.................
9
15
5 119............................... Duluth, MN..................
2
4
1 120............................... Dyersburg-Union City, TN....
2
4
0 121............................... Eagle Pass-Del Rio, TX......
4
7
2 122............................... East Liverpool-Salem, OH....
2
4
0 123............................... Eau Claire, WI..............
2
4
0 124............................... El Centro-Calexico, CA......
2
4
1 125............................... El Dorado-Magnolia-Camden,
2
4
0 AR.
126............................... Elkhart, IN.................
2
4
0 127............................... Elmira-Corning-Hornell, NY..
2
4
0 128............................... El Paso, TX.................
18
30
10
[[Page 12303]]
129............................... Emporia, KS.................
2
4
0 130............................... Enid, OK....................
2
4
0 131............................... Erie, PA....................
24
39
14 132............................... Escanaba, MI................
2
4
0 133............................... Eugene-Springfleld, OR......
11
18
6 134............................... Eureka, CA..................
2
4
0 135............................... Evansville, IN..............
2
4
0 136............................... Fairbanks, AK...............
2
4
0 137............................... Fairmont, WV................
2
4
0 138............................... Fargo, ND...................
2
4
1 139............................... Farmington, NM--Durango, CO.
33
54
19 140............................... Fayetteville-Springdale-
2
4
0 Rogers, AR.
141............................... Fayetteville-Lumberton, NC..
2
4
0 142............................... Fergus Falls, MN............
2
4
1 143............................... Findlay-Tiffin, OH..........
2
4
0 144............................... Flagstaff, AZ...............
2
4
0 145............................... Flint, MI...................
38
62
22 146............................... Florence, AL................
4
7
2 147............................... Florence, SC................
2
4
0 148............................... Fond du Lac, WI.............
4
7
2 149............................... Ft. Collins-Loveland, CO....
43
70
25 150............................... Ft Dodge, IA................
2
4
0 151............................... Ft. Myers, FL...............
84
137
49 152............................... Ft. Pierce-Vero Beach-
82
133
48 Stuart, FL.
153............................... Ft. Smith, AR...............
2
4
0 154............................... Ft. Walton Beach, FL........
2
4
1 155............................... Ft. Wayne, IN...............
7
12
4 156............................... Fredericksburg, VA..........
2
4
1 157............................... Fresno, CA..................
2
4
0 158............................... Gadsden, AL.................
6
10
3 159............................... Gainesville, FL.............
2
4
0 160............................... Gainesville, GA.............
2
4
0 161............................... Galesburg, IL...............
2
4
0 162............................... Gallup, NM..................
2
4
0 163............................... Garden City, KS.............
2
4
0 164............................... Glens Falls, NY.............
2
4
0 165............................... Goldsboro-Kinston, NC.......
2
4
0 166............................... Grand Forks, ND.............
2
4
1 167............................... Grand Island-Kearney, NE....
2
4
0 168............................... Grand Junction, CO..........
2
4
0 169............................... Grand Rapids, MI............
18
30
10 170............................... Great Bend, KS..............
2
4
0 171............................... Great Falls, MT.............
9
15
5 172............................... Greeley, CO.................
43
70
25 173............................... Green Bay, WI...............
2
4
0 174............................... Greensboro-Winston-Salem-
2
4
0 High Point, NC.
175............................... Greenville-Greenwood, MS....
2
4
0 176............................... Greenville-Washington, NC...
2
4
0 177............................... Greenville-Spartanburg, SC..
2
4
1 178............................... Greenwood, SC...............
2
4
0 179............................... Hagerstown, MD--
2
4
0 Chambersburg, PA--
Martinsburg, WV.
180............................... Hammond, LA.................
2
4
0 181............................... Harrisburg, PA..............
4
7
2 182............................... Harrison, AR................
2
4
0 183............................... Harrisonburg,VA.............
2
4
1 184............................... Hartford, CT................
2
4
1 185............................... Hastings, NE................
2
4
0 186............................... Hattiesburg, MS.............
4
7
2 187............................... Hays, KS....................
2
4
0 188............................... Helena, MT..................
2
4
0 189............................... Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC
2
4
0 190............................... Hilo, HI....................
4
7
2 191............................... Hobbs, NM...................
2
4
0
[[Page 12304]]
192............................... Honolulu, HI................
7
12
4 193............................... Hot Springs, AR.............
2
4
0 194............................... Houghton, MI................
2
4
0 195............................... Houma-Thibodaux, LA.........
2
4
0 196............................... Houston, TX.................
84
137
49 197............................... Huntington, WV--Ashland, KY.
2
4
1 198............................... Huntsville, AL..............
2
4
0 199............................... Huron, SD...................
2
4
0 200............................... Hutchinson, KS..............
2
4
0 201............................... Hyannis, MA.................
11
18
6 202............................... Idaho Falls, ID.............
11
18
6 203............................... Indiana, PA.................
2
4
0 204............................... Indianapolis, IN............
9
15
5 205............................... Iowa City, IA...............
2
4
0 206............................... Iron Mountain, MI...........
2
4
0 207............................... Ironwood, MI................
2
4
0 208............................... Ithaca, NY..................
2
4
0 209............................... Jackson, MI.................
2
4
0 210............................... Jackson, MS.................
4
7
2 211............................... Jackson, TN.................
2
4
0 212............................... Jacksonville, FL............
6
10
3 213............................... Jacksonville, IL............
2
4
0 214............................... Jacksonville, NC............
2
4
0 215............................... Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY-
2
4
0 Warren, PA.
216............................... Janesville-Beloit, WI.......
4
7
2 217............................... Jefferson City, MO..........
21
35
12 218............................... Johnstown, PA...............
16
26
9 219............................... Jonesboro-Paragould, AR.....
2
4
0 220............................... Joplin, MO--Miami, OK.......
2
4
0 221............................... Juneau-Ketchikan, AK........
2
4
0 222............................... Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI.
4
7
2 223............................... Kalamazoo, MI...............
7
12
4 224............................... Kalispell, MT...............
2
4
0 225............................... Kankakee, IL................
48
78
28 226............................... Kansas City, MO.............
23
38
13 227............................... Keene, NH...................
2
4
0 228............................... Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA
2
4
0 229............................... Kingsport-Johnston City, TN--
11
18
6 Bristol, VA/TN.
230............................... Kirksville, MO..............
23
38
13 231............................... Klamath Falls, OR...........
2
4
0 232............................... Knoxville, TN...............
12
20
7 233............................... Kokomo-Logansport, IN.......
7
12
4 234............................... La Crosse, WI--Winona, MN...
2
4
0 235............................... Lafayette, IN...............
7
12
4 236............................... Lafayette-New Iberia, LA....
2
4
0 237............................... La Grange, GA...............
2
4
0 238............................... Lake Charles, LA............
2
4
0 239............................... Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL...
19
31
11 240............................... Lancaster, PA...............
4
7
2 241............................... Lansing, MI.................
16
26
9 242............................... Laredo, TX..................
4
7
2 243............................... La Salle-Peru-Ottawa-
2
4
0 Streator, IL.
244............................... Las Cruces, NM..............
7
12
4 245............................... Las Vegas, NV...............
50
82
29 246............................... Laurel, MS..................
2
4
0 247............................... Lawrence, KS................
23
38
13 248............................... Lawton-Duncan, OK...........
2
4
0 249............................... Lebanon-Claremont, NH.......
2
4
0 250............................... Lewiston-Moscow, ID.........
2
4
0 251............................... Lewiston-Auburn, ME.........
2
4
0 252............................... Lexington, KY...............
6
10
3 253............................... Liberal, KS.................
2
4
0 254............................... Lihue, HI...................
4
7
2
[[Page 12305]]
255............................... Lima, OH....................
16
26
9 256............................... Lincoln, NE.................
2
4
0 257............................... Little Rock, AR.............
2
4
1 258............................... Logan, UT...................
24
39
14 259............................... Logan, WV...................
2
4
0 260............................... Longview-Marshall, TX.......
55
90
32 261............................... Longview, WA................
2
4
0 262............................... Los Angeles, CA.............
103
167
60 263............................... Louisville, KY..............
7
12
4 264............................... Lubbock, TX.................
11
18
6 265............................... Lufkin-Nacogdoches, TX......
33
54
19 266............................... Lynchburg, VA...............
2
4
0 267............................... McAlester, OK...............
2
4
1 268............................... McAllen, TX.................
12
20
7 269............................... McComb-Brookhaven, MS.......
4
7
2 270............................... McCook, NE..................
2
4
0 271............................... Macon-Warner Robins, GA.....
11
18
6 272............................... Madison, WI.................
4
7
2 273............................... Madisonville, KY............
2
4
0 274............................... Manchester-Nashua-Concord,
2
4
0 NH.
275............................... Manhattan-Junction City, KS.
2
4
0 276............................... Manitowoc, WI...............
2
4
0 277............................... Mankato-Fairmont, MN........
2
4
0 278............................... Mansfield, OH...............
2
4
0 279............................... Marinette, WI--Menominee, MI
2
4
0 280............................... Marion, IN..................
7
12
4 281............................... Marion, OH..................
2
4
0 282............................... Marquette, MI...............
2
4
0 283............................... Marshalltown, IA............
2
4
0 284............................... Martinsville, VA............
2
4
1 285............................... Mason City, IA..............
2
4
0 286............................... Mattoon, IL.................
2
4
0 287............................... Meadville, PA...............
2
4
0 288............................... Medford-Grants Pass, OR.....
9
15
5 289............................... Melbourne-Titusville, FL....
14
23
8 290............................... Memphis, TN.................
4
7
2 291............................... Merced, CA..................
2
4
1 292............................... Meridian, MS................
2
4
0 293............................... Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL....
82
133
48 294............................... Michigan City-La Porte, IN..
7
12
4 295............................... Middlesboro-Harlan, KY......
6
10
3 296............................... Midland, TX.................
2
4
0 297............................... Milwaukee, WI...............
4
7
2 298............................... Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN....
33
54
19 299............................... Minot, ND...................
2
4
0 300............................... Missoula, MT................
2
4
0 301............................... Mitchell, SD................
2
4
0 302............................... Mobile, AL..................
2
4
1 303............................... Modesto, CA.................
6
10
3 304............................... Monroe, LA..................
2
4
0 305............................... Montgomery, AL..............
2
4
0 306............................... Morgantown, WV..............
2
4
0 307............................... Mt. Pleasant, MI............
2
4
0 308............................... Mt. Vernon-Centralia, IL....
2
4
0 309............................... Muncie, IN..................
7
12
4 310............................... Muskegon, MI................
16
26
9 311............................... Muskogee, OK................
2
4
1 312............................... Myrtle Beach, SC............
2
4
0 313............................... Naples, FL..................
38
62
22 314............................... Nashville, TN...............
6
10
3 315............................... Natchez, MS.................
2
4
0 316............................... New Bern, NC................
2
4
0 317............................... New Castle, PA..............
2
4
0
[[Page 12306]]
318............................... New Haven-Waterbury-Meriden,
2
4
1 CT.
319............................... New London-Norwich, CT......
4
7
2 320............................... New Orleans, LA.............
21
35
12 321............................... New York, NY................
181
294
106 322............................... Nogales, AZ.................
12
20
7 323............................... Norfolk, NE.................
2
4
0 324............................... Norfolk-Virginia Beach-
2
4
0 Newport News-Hampton, VA.
325............................... North Platte, NE............
2
4
0 326............................... Ocala, FL...................
14
23
8 327............................... Odessa, TX..................
7
12
4 328............................... Oil City-Franklin, PA.......
2
4
0 329............................... Oklahoma City, OK...........
6
10
3 330............................... Olean, NY--Bradford, PA.....
2
4
0 331............................... Olympia-Centralia, WA.......
11
18
6 332............................... Omaha, NE...................
12
20
7 333............................... Oneonta, NY.................
2
4
1 334............................... Opelika-Auburn, AL..........
6
10
3 335............................... Orangeburg, SC..............
2
4
0 336............................... Orlando, FL.................
14
23
8 337............................... Ottumwa, IA.................
2
4
0 338............................... Owensboro, KY...............
2
4
0 339............................... Paducah-Murray-Mayfield, KY.
2
4
0 340............................... Panama City, FL.............
2
4
1 341............................... Paris, TX...................
31
51
18 342............................... Parkersburg, WV--Marietta,
2
4
1 OH.
343............................... Pensacola, FL...............
2
4
1 344............................... Peoria, IL..................
2
4
0 345............................... Petoskey, MI................
2
4
0 346............................... Philadelphia, PA--
31
51
18 Wilmington, DE--Trenton, NJ.
347............................... Phoenix, AZ.................
48
78
28 348............................... Pine Bluff, AR..............
2
4
1 349............................... Pittsburg-Parsons, KS.......
2
4
0 350............................... Pittsburgh, PA..............
16
26
9 351............................... Pittsfield, MA..............
2
4
1 352............................... Plattsburgh, NY.............
2
4
0 353............................... Pocatello, ID...............
2
4
0 354............................... Ponca City, OK..............
2
4
0 355............................... Poplar Bluff, MO............
2
4
0 356............................... Port Angeles, WA............
11
18
6 357............................... Portland-Brunswick, ME......
2
4
0 358............................... Portland, OR................
18
30
10 359............................... Portsmouth, OH..............
2
4
0 360............................... Pottsville, PA..............
2
4
0 361............................... Poughkeepsie-Kingston, NY...
2
4
1 362............................... Prescott, AZ................
2
4
0 363............................... Presque Isle, ME............
2
4
0 364............................... Providence-Pawtucket, RI--
4
7
2 New Bedford-Fall River, MA.
365............................... Provo-Orem, UT..............
14
23
8 366............................... Pueblo, CO..................
33
54
19 367............................... Quincy, IL--Hannibal, MO....
2
4
0 368............................... Raleigh-Durham, NC..........
4
7
2 369............................... Rapid City, SD..............
2
4
0 370............................... Reading, PA.................
21
35
12 371............................... Redding, CA.................
2
4
0 372............................... Reno, NV....................
2
4
1 373............................... Richmond, IN................
7
12
4 374............................... Richmond-Petersburg, VA.....
2
4
1 375............................... Riverton, WY................
2
4
0 376............................... Roanoke, VA.................
2
4
1 377............................... Roanoke Rapids, NC..........
2
4
0 378............................... Rochester-Austin-Albert Lea,
23
38
13 MN.
379............................... Rochester, NY...............
7
12
4 380............................... Rockford, IL................
9
15
5
[[Page 12307]]
381............................... Rock Springs, WY............
2
4
0 382............................... Rocky Mount-Wilson, NC......
2
4
0 383............................... Rolla, MO...................
2
4
0 384............................... Rome, GA....................
11
18
6 385............................... Roseburg, OR................
2
4
0 386............................... Roswell, NM.................
2
4
0 387............................... Russellville, AR............
2
4
0 388............................... Rutland-Bennington, VT......
2
4
0 389............................... Sacramento, CA..............
6
10
3 390............................... Saginaw-Bay City, MI........
16
26
9 391............................... St. Cloud, MN...............
23
38
13 392............................... St. George, UT..............
2
4
0 393............................... St. Joseph, MO..............
23
38
13 394............................... St. Louis, MO...............
23
38
13 395............................... Salem-Albany-Corvallis, OR..
18
30
10 396............................... Salina, KS..................
2
4
0 397............................... Salinas-Monterey, CA........
19
31
11 398............................... Salisbury, MD...............
28
46
16 399............................... Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT....
41
67
24 400............................... San Angelo, TX..............
4
7
2 401............................... San Antonio, TX.............
43
70
25 402............................... San Diego, CA...............
23
38
13 403............................... Sandusky, OH................
2
4
0 404............................... San Francisco-Oakland-San
35
57
20 Jose, CA.
405............................... San Luis Obispo, CA.........
19
31
11 406............................... Santa Barbara-Santa Maria,
19
31
11 CA.
407............................... Santa Fe, NM................
2
4
0 408............................... Sarasota-Bradenton, FL......
19
31
11 409............................... Sault Ste. Marie, MI........
2
4
0 410............................... Savannah, GA................
2
4
1 411............................... Scottsbluff, NE.............
2
4
0 412............................... Scranton-Wilkes Barre-
2
4
0 Hazleton, PA.
413............................... Seattle-Tacoma, WA..........
14
23
8 414............................... Sedalia, MO.................
2
4
0 415............................... Selma, AL...................
2
4
0 416............................... Sharon, PA..................
6
10
3 417............................... Sheboygan, WI...............
4
7
2 418............................... Sherman-Denison, TX.........
31
51
18 419............................... Shreveport, LA..............
33
54
19 420............................... Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ....
12
20
7 421............................... Sioux City, IA..............
2
4
0 422............................... Sioux Falls, SD.............
2
4
0 423............................... Somerset, KY................
2
4
0 424............................... South Bend-Mishawaka, IN....
7
12
4 425............................... Spokane, WA.................
2
4
0 426............................... Springfield, IL.............
2
4
0 427............................... Springfield-Holyoke, MA.....
2
4
1 428............................... Springfield, MO.............
2
4
0 429............................... State College, PA...........
4
7
2 430............................... Staunton-Waynesboro, VA.....
2
4
1 431............................... Steubenville, OH--Weirton,
2
4
1 WV.
432............................... Stevens Point-Marshfield-
2
4
0 Wisconsin Rapids, WI.
433............................... Stillwater, OK..............
2
4
0 434............................... Stockton, CA................
4
7
2 435............................... Stroudsburg, PA.............
2
4
0 436............................... Sumter, SC..................
2
4
0 437............................... Sunbury-Shamokin, PA........
2
4
0 438............................... Syracuse, NY................
7
12
4 439............................... Tallahassee, FL.............
2
4
1 440............................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-
86
140
50 Clearwater, FL.
441............................... Temple-Killeen, TX..........
2
4
1 442............................... Terre Haute, IN.............
7
12
4 443............................... Texarkana, TX/AR............
31
51
18
[[Page 12308]]
444............................... Toledo, OH..................
16
26
9 445............................... Topeka, KS..................
23
38
13 446............................... Traverse City, MI...........
2
4
0 447............................... Tucson, AZ..................
60
9835 448............................... Tulsa, OK...................
2
4
1 449............................... Tupelo-Corinth, MS..........
2
4
0 450............................... Tuscaloosa, AL..............
6
10
3 451............................... Twin Falls, ID..............
11
18
6 452............................... Tyler, TX...................
55
90
32 453............................... Utica-Rome, NY..............
2
4
0 454............................... Valdosta, GA................
2
4
0 455............................... Vicksburg, MS...............
2
4
0 456............................... Victoria, TX................
33
54
19 457............................... Vincennes-Washington, IN....
2
4
0 458............................... Visalia-Porterville-Hanford,
2
4
0 CA.
459............................... Waco, TX....................
6
10
3 460............................... Walla Walla, WA--Pendelton,
2
4
0 OR.
461............................... Washington, DC..............
67
109
39 462............................... Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA....
2
4
0 463............................... Watertown, NY...............
2
4
0 464............................... Watertown, SD...............
2
4
1 465............................... Waterville-Augusta, ME......
18
30
10 466............................... Wausau-Rhinelander, WI......
2
4
0 467............................... Waycross, GA................
2
4
0 468............................... Wenatchee, WA...............
2
4
0 469............................... West Palm Beach-Boca Raton,
82
133
48 FL.
470............................... West Plains, MO.............
2
4
0 471............................... Wheeling, WV................
16
26
9 472............................... Wichita, KS.................
2
4
0 473............................... Wichita Falls, TX...........
31
51
18 474............................... Williamson, WV--Pikeville,
2
4
0 KY.
475............................... Williamsport, PA............
2
4
0 476............................... Williston, ND...............
2
4
0 477............................... Willmar-Marshall, MN........
2
4
1 478............................... Wilmington, NC..............
2
4
0 479............................... Winchester, VA..............
2
4
0 480............................... Worcester-Fitchburg-
11
18
6 Leominster, MA.
481............................... Worthington, MN.............
2
4
0 482............................... Yakima, WA..................
2
4
0 483............................... York-Hanover, PA............
4
7
2 484............................... Youngstown-Warren, OH.......
6
10
3 485............................... Yuba City-Marysville, CA....
4
7
2 486............................... Yuma, AZ....................
33
54
19 487............................... Zanesville-Cambridge, OH....
2
4
0 488............................... San Juan, PR................
35
57
20 489............................... Mayaguez-Aguadilla-Ponce, PR
31
51
18 490............................... Guam........................
2
4
0 491............................... US Virgin Islands...........
2
4
0 492............................... American Samoa..............
2
4
0 493............................... Northern Mariana Islands....
2
4
0
‹bullet›1 BTAsare Rand McNally Basic Trading Areas. Areas defined by the FCC for the purpose of issuing licenses for PCS. Based on Material Copyright ‹Copyright› 1992 Rand McNally & Company. Reprinted with permission of
Rand McNally, all rights reserved.
Appendix E--Methodology for Deriving Growth Factors
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Introduction
Section 104(a) of CALEA requires the Attorney General to estimate future requirements for actual and maximum interception capacity. Law enforcement derived a baseline for these estimates from the historical interception activity in geographic areas defined as counties for wireline carriers and market service areas for wireless carriers. Growth factors were then developed and applied to the historical baseline of interception activity in order to project future actual and maximum capacity requirements.
The growth factors used in the Initial Notice of Capacity did not distinguish between services offered by wireline and wireless carriers. Comments on the Initial Notice, however, recommended that, because of the differences between these
[[Page 12309]]
technologies, separate capacity requirements should be established, and law enforcement agreed. As a result of establishing separate wireline and wireless capacity requirements, law enforcement considered it appropriate to also establish separate growth rates for each technology. The methodology for developing growth factors for wireline and wireless services is the subject of this appendix.
-
Background
In the Initial Notice of Capacity a multi variable linear regression model was used to project growth. This technique predicts one value, the dependent variable, in terms of one or more other variables. The Initial Notice of Capacity used a regression model to predict court orders for Title III interceptions as a function of the following predictors: population, wireline access lines, wireless subscribers, law enforcement manpower and violent crime. Although Title III court orders do not identify the number of interceptions associated with each order, or the vastly greater number of pen register and trap and trace interceptions, they were used for projecting future interception activity because of their extensive historical record of one aspect of electronic surveillance. In addition, a change in the number of Title III court orders is a likely indicator of changes in interception activity. This method, which combined wireless and wireline growth, yielded interception growth rates of 54 percent from 1994 to 1998 for actual capacity, and 130 percent from 1994 to 2004 for maximum capacity.
Initially, law enforcement tried to construct separate multi variable linear regression models for wireless and wireline services but could not produce statistically acceptable models. Consequently, it formulated a new statistical approach, which is detailed below.
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Formulating Growth Projections for the Second Notice of Capacity
The formulation of the capacity growth projections for the Second Notice of Capacity is stated in terms of four growth factors: A‹INF›wireline‹/INF›, A‹INF›wireless‹/INF›, M‹INF›wireline‹/INF›, and M‹INF›wireless‹/INF›. The ``A'' factors are multipliers that were used to scale historical interception data to calculate the future actual capacity requirements. The ``M'' factors are multipliers that were used to scale the future actual capacity requirements to calculate the future maximum capacity requirements. The formulas are as follows:
Wireline:
Future Actual Capacity Requirement in a County Equals The Historical Interception Activity in the County Multiplied by A‹INF›wireline‹/INF›
Future Maximum Capacity Requirement in a County Equals The Future Actual Capacity Requirement in the County Multiplied by M‹INF›wireline‹/INF›
Wireless: Future Actual Capacity Requirement in a Market Service Area Equals The Historical Interception Activity in the Market Service Area Multiplied by A‹INF›wireless‹/INF›
Maximum Capacity Requirement in a Market Service Area Equals The Future Actual Capacity Requirement in the Market Service Area Multiplied by M‹INF›wireless‹/INF›
All the resulting capacity requirements were rounded up to the next whole number.
The above formulation was deemed appropriate for two reasons. First, it was responsive to the recommendation that separate requirements be established for services offered by wireline and wireless carriers. Second, it reflected the different dynamics and growth trends of the wireline and wireless sectors (e.g., the projected growth in wireline access lines for the next 10 years is 3.5 percent annually, while the projected growth in wireless subscribers for the next 10 years is 12.0 percent annually).
There were four major steps in the approach used: (a) Identifying data sources that would be appropriate for making growth projections; (b) processing the data from the sources selected to yield data sets that could be used to determine separate wireline and wireless growth projections; (c) calculating the wireline growth projection factors, A‹INF›wireline‹/INF› and M‹INF›wireline‹/INF›, from the wireline data sets; and (d) calculating the wireless growth projection factors, A‹INF›wireless‹/INF› and M‹INF›wireless‹/INF›, from the wireless data sets.
-
Step 1: Evaluation of Data Sources
Four criteria were used to evaluate the soundness of data sources for growth projection purposes: (a) comprehensiveness, meaning the data should encompass Title III interceptions and interceptions using pen register and trap and trace (PR/TT) devices, and it should cover all law enforcement agencies; (b) reliability, meaning the data should be collected and reported in a structured manner by a reliable source so that projections have a credible foundation; (c) availability, meaning the data should be available for multiple years in order to establish a trend sufficient for making projections; and (d) separability, meaning the data should be separable into wireline and wireless data sets so that distinct wireline and wireless growth projections can be developed.
Three data sources were identified as candidates: (a) historical records of interception activity from January 1, 1993, to March 1, 1995, gathered in a survey of law enforcement and the telecommunications industry; (b) data on Title III court orders extracted from the Wiretap Reports published by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts during the period from 1980 to 1995; and (c) data on PR/TT court orders taken from Department of Justice (DOJ) reports covering the period between 1987 and 1995.
(1) Historical Survey
When considered in the context of the four evaluation criteria, the historical records of interception activity did not provide a sufficient basis for making growth projections. Although comprehensive, separable, and reliable, the records did not rate well against the availability criterion. They covered only a 26- month period, which was insufficient for establishing a trend that could be used confidently for making projections. One year's worth of change in interception activity was observable from these records, but that was insufficient to make the 4 year and 10 year forecasts needed for deriving actual and maximum capacity requirements.
(2) Wiretap Report Data
The Wiretap Reports rated well against the availability, reliability, and separability criteria. Wiretap Reports dating from 1980 provided 16 years of data. They are also a highly reliable source of data compiled annually under a consistent recording and reporting approach. Furthermore, the Wiretap Report data could be sorted and analyzed to yield separate wireline and wireless data sets. However, the Wiretap Reports did not measure well against the comprehensiveness criterion. The Wiretap Reports covered only Title III court orders and did not include the number of line-related interceptions associated with each court order or data on PR/TT interceptions.
(3) DOJ Pen Register/Trap and Trace Reports
The DOJ PR/TT reports had two shortcomings. First, unlike the Wiretap Report data, the information in the DOJ PR/TT reports was not immediately separable into wireline and wireless data sets. Second, like the Wiretap Reports, the DOJ PR/TT reports did not precisely indicate the number of interceptions associated with each court order. In addition, the DOJ PR/TT reports covered only a subset of law enforcement agencies, namely, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the United States Marshals Service, and the DOJ Inspector General's Office. Therefore, projections based solely on data in the DOJ PR/TT reports would not capture interception activity across all federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. Despite these limitations, the DOJ PR/TT reports were considered a reliable source because the data was collected and recorded in a structured and sustained manner during the period from 1987 to 1995.
Based on the evaluation criteria, none of the three candidate data sources alone could be used for deriving capacity growth projections. One of them, the historical survey of interception activity, did not provide enough years of data to support trend analysis, and there was no way to compensate for this shortcoming. But, by blending the Wiretap Report data with the DOJ PR/TT report data, the limitations of these two sources could be mitigated and an aggregate data set constructed that fared better against the evaluation criteria.
In particular, combining the Wiretap Report data and the DOJ PR/ TT report data yielded an aggregate data set that covered both Title III and PR/TT court orders; and, therefore, it was comprehensive in coverage of interception court orders. However, it was not comprehensive in coverage of law enforcement because the DOJ PR/TT reports covered only a subset of law enforcement agencies, and there was no way to compensate for this deficiency.
With respect to the other evaluation criteria, the aggregate data set was reliable because the two constituent data sources themselves were reliable. It met the availability criterion because the two constituent data sources covered 16 and 9
[[Page 12310]]
consecutive years, respectively. Finally, by applying an assumption based on the Wiretap Report data, the DOJ PR/TT report data could be separated into wireline and wireless data sets. As a result, the aggregate data set itself became separable.
-
Step 2: Data Sorting and Analyzing
Before any growth projections could be made, the data in the Wiretap Reports and the DOJ PR/TT reports had to be sorted into separate wireline and wireless data sets.
For the Wiretap Reports, available information from each recorded court order was examined. The Wiretap Report had codes specifying the type(s) of Title III electronic surveillance court order and, in general, the place(s) where these orders were executed. Because entries in the Wiretap Reports simply represent Title III court orders and since one court order may authorize the interception of communications on multiple lines, some entries were counted as both wireline and wireless court orders. Furthermore, some court orders (e.g., for microphone surveillance) were not counted in either category.
The DOJ PR/TT reports combined wireline and wireless PR/TT activity on an annual basis and, therefore, could not be directly separated into wireline and wireless data sets. However, the separation could be estimated based on the following assumption: on a yearly basis, the wireline/wireless composition of Title III court orders is approximately the same as the wireline/wireless composition of PR/TT court orders. Because the vast majority of Title IIIs begin as PR/TTs, this assumption seems reasonable.
-
Steps 3 and 4: Calculation of Growth Factors
Capacity growth projections were then generated using the wireline and wireless data sets that characterized Title III and PR/ TT court orders. For each data set, a statistical analysis known as Best-Fit Line (BFL) was applied. BFL analysis tracks the values of one variable over time, producing an equation for a line that can be used to predict future values with a minimal amount of error. BFLs were then generated for the four data sets: wireline Title III court orders, wireline PR/TT court orders, wireless Title III court orders, and wireless PR/TT court orders.
The BFLs were used to calculate values for ``A'' and ``M''. To compute ``A'', the BFLs were used to predict values for wireline and wireless Title III and PR/TT court orders for the years 1994 and 1998. Predicted values were required for these 2 years because (a) the year 1994 was the starting point for growth because it was the last complete year for which historical records of interception activity were available and (b) the year 1998 was specified in CALEA as the year for which actual capacity requirements are to be stated. Calculations using the ratio of the 1998 and 1994 predicted values resulted in intermediate ``A'' values for the four data sets.
The respective intermediate ``A'' values were combined to derive the A‹INF›wireline‹/INF› and A‹INF›wireless‹/INF› composite growth factors. These composite growth factors were calculated by weighting the intermediate ``A'' values by the relative number of call-content interceptions and interceptions of call-identifying information for the 2 year period surveyed. The resulting ``A'' growth factor values serve as the multipliers that, when applied to the historical interception data, yield future actual capacity requirements. The A‹INF›wireline‹/INF› value derived is 1.259, and the A‹INF›wireless‹/INF› value derived is 1.707. These values correspond to compounded annual growth rates of 5.92 percent and 14.30 percent for wireline and wireless interceptions respectively, over the 4 year period 1994 through 1998.
To compute ``M'', the BFLs were used to predict values of wireline and wireless Title III and PR/TT court orders for the years 1998 to 2004. Predicted values were required for these years because (a) the year 2004 provided a 10 year period since the passage of CALEA and this was considered to be a reasonable time period for projecting maximum capacity requirements and a rational time frame for setting a stable capacity ceiling, and (b) the year 1998 was the base figure to which the multiplier ``M'' was applied to calculate the future maximum capacity values. Calculations using the ratio of the 2004 and the 1998 predicted values resulted in intermediate ``M'' values for the four data sets.
The respective intermediate ``M'' values were combined to derive the M‹INF›wireline‹/INF› and M‹INF›wireless‹/INF› growth factors. These composite growth factors were calculated by weighting the intermediate ``M'' values by the relative number of call-content interceptions and interceptions of call-identifying information for the 2 year period surveyed. The resulting ``M'' values are the multipliers that, when applied to the actual capacity requirements, yield future maximum capacity requirements. The M‹INF›wireline‹/INF› growth factor value derived is 1. 303. and the M‹INF›wireless‹/INF› growth factor value derived is 1.621. These values correspond to compounded annual growth rates of 4.55 percent and 8.38 percent for wireline and wireless interceptions, respectively, over the 6 year period of 1998 through 2004.
Appendix F--List of Parties Filing Comments
(Filedon or before March 17, 1997)
AirTouch Ameritech AT&T AT&T Wireless Bell Atlantic Bell Atlantic NYNEX Mobile BellSouth Telecommunications BellSouth Cellular Corp. Cellular Mobile Systems of St. Cloud Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), Center for National Security Studies (CNSS) John & Christina Crowley Earl B. Couch, Jr. GTE Harrisonville Telephone Company Craig S. Klyve, State of Wisconsin, Department of Justice LDDS WorldCom Susan B. Long, Syracuse University MCI National Telephone Cooperative Association (NTCA) Organization for the Promotion and Advancement Pacific Telesis Group Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA) Philip A. Prossnitz, Office of the State's Attorney, McHenry County Illinois SBC Communications Gloria Sullivan Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Teleport Communications Group United States Telephone Association (USTA) US West Claire Vogel
[FR Doc. 98-6230Filed3-11-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-02-P
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