National Marine Sanctuaries Regulations
Federal Register: March 27, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 60)
Proposed Rules
Page 16224-16228
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
DOCID:fr27mr08-13
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15 CFR Part 922
Docket No. 080302355-8413-01
RINs 0648 AT14, 0648 AT15, 0648 AT16
Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Regulations
AGENCY: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS), National Ocean
Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
Department of Commerce (DOC).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
SUMMARY: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) previously published proposed revised management plans, revised
Designation Documents, and revised regulations for the Cordell Bank
National Marine Sanctuary (CBNMS), Gulf of the Farallones National
Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS), and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
(MBNMS). The currently pending proposed regulations would revise and provide greater clarity to existing regulations.
After reviewing public comments on the proposed rules, including a request from the California State Water Resources Control Board to prohibit discharges from certain vessels in national marine sanctuaries offshore of California, and further analyzing vessel discharge issues,
NOAA now proposes additional discharge regulations for the CBNMS,
GFNMS, and MBNMS consistent with the request of the California State
Water Resources Control Board. This proposed rule would prohibit discharge of treated waste from vessels 300 gross registered tons (GRT) or more with sufficient holding tank capacity to hold treated sewage while within the sanctuary and limit the exception for graywater discharges to vessels less than 300 GRT, and vessels 300 GRT or more without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold graywater while within the MBNMS.
DATES: Comments will be considered if received by May 9, 2008.
ADDRESSES: Written comments should be sent by mail to: Sean Morton,
JMPR Management Plan Coordinator, NOAA's Office of National Marine
Sanctuaries, 1305 East-West Highway, N/ORM-6, Silver Spring, MD 20910, by e-mail to: jointplancomments@noaa.gov, or by fax to (301) 713-0404.
Copies of the DMP/DEIS are available from the same address and on the
Web at: http://www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov/jointplan. Comments can also be submitted to the Federal e-Rulemaking Portal: http:// www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sean Morton, NOAA Office of National
Marine Sanctuaries, 301-713-7264 or sean.morton@noaa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant to section 304(e) of the National
Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1434 et seq.) (NMSA), the ONMS conducted a review of the management plans for the CBNMS, GFNMS, and
MBNMS. The review resulted in proposed new management plans for the sanctuaries, some proposed revisions to existing regulations, some proposed new regulations, and some proposed changes to the designation documents. Certain discharges or deposits of material or other matter from within or into the sanctuaries from vessels in general and certain discharges or deposits from cruise ships were among regulations proposed for modification or addition.
For the CBNMS, proposed new regulations (71 FR 59039, October 6, 2006) included prohibitions on:
Discharging or depositing from within or into the
Sanctuary any material or other matter from a cruise ship, except vessel engine and generator cooling water.
For the CBNMS, proposed revisions to existing regulations (71 FR 59039, October 6, 2006) would:
Clarify that discharges/deposits allowed from marine sanitation devices apply only to Type I and Type II marine sanitation devices and all vessel operators are required to lock all marine sanitation devices in a manner that prevents discharge of untreated sewage;
Remove an exception for discharging or depositing food waste resulting from meals on board vessels; and
Revise language for discharges and deposits from beyond the boundary of the sanctuary that subsequently enter the Sanctuary and injure Sanctuary resources.
For the GFNMS, proposed new regulations (71 FR 59338, October 6, 2006) included prohibitions on:
Discharging or depositing from within or into the sanctuary any material or other matter from a cruise ship, except vessel engine and generator cooling water; and
Discharging or depositing, from beyond the boundary of the sanctuary, any material or other matter that subsequently enters the sanctuary and injures a sanctuary resource or quality.
For the GFNMS, proposed revisions to existing regulations (71 FR 59338, October 6, 2006) would:
Clarify that discharges/deposits allowed from marine sanitation devices apply only to Type I and Type II marine sanitation devices, and that the vessel operators are required to lock all marine sanitation devices in a manner that prevents discharge of untreated sewage; and
Remove exceptions to the discharging or depositing prohibition that pertain to discharge of municipal sewage.
For the MBNMS, proposed new regulations (71 FR 59050, October 6, 2006) included prohibitions on:
Discharging or depositing any material or other matter from a cruise ship other than vessel engine cooling water, vessel generator cooling water, or anchor wash.
For the MBNMS, proposed revisions to existing regulations (71 FR 59050, October 6, 2006) would:
Clarify that discharges/deposits allowed from marine sanitation devices apply only to Type I and Type II marine sanitation devices and that vessel operators are required to lock all marine sanitation devices in a manner that prevents discharge of untreated sewage;
Clarify that the prohibition against discharges/deposits applies to discharges/deposits both within and into the sanctuary;
Clarify that discharges/deposits resulting from cruise ship generator cooling water, anchor wash, and clean bilge water
(defined as not containing detectable levels of harmful matter) are excepted from the cruise ship discharge/deposit prohibition.
NOAA published these proposals in 2006 in the CBNMS, GFNMS, and
MBNMS Draft Management Plans
Page 16225
(DMPs) and Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS), available online at: http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/. On October 6, 2006
NOAA issued notices of availability of the DMPs and DEIS, and published the associated proposed rules.
With regard to vessel discharges/deposits from marine sanitation devices, NOAA's proposed action only allowed discharges from Type I and
Type II marine sanitation devices and required vessel operators to lock marine sanitation devices in a manner preventing discharge of untreated sewage. NOAA's proposed action prohibited most discharges/deposits from within or into the sanctuaries from cruise ships.
After receiving comments on the DEIS and proposed rules, in particular from the California State Water Resources Control Board,
NOAA proposes to expand the range of vessels subject to the discharge requirements to better address potential impacts of sewage and graywater discharges from large vessels other than cruise ships. The impact of the regulations is within the range of the alternatives discussed in the original DEIS. Additional analysis related to these proposed regulations is included in Supplemental Draft Environmental
Impact Statement (SDEIS).
Background
NOAA distributed the draft management plans and DEIS, and published the proposed rules, on October 6, 2006 and accepted comments through
January 5, 2006. During public review, NOAA received a wide range of comments, including substantial public and agency comments about changes proposed for sanctuary regulation of sewage and graywater discharges/deposits from vessels of 300 GRT or more. Comments included a request that NOAA expand the cruise ship discharge regulation to prohibit sewage discharges from other large vessels. In addition, comments from California state agencies and environmental non- governmental organizations indicated that NOAA's proposed exception for graywater discharges is inconsistent with the California Clean Coast
Act (California Public Resources Code sec. 72420-72422) prohibiting graywater discharges from vessels 300 GRT or more within state waters.
On May 11, 2007, NOAA also received a request from the California
State Water Resources Control Board to prohibit discharges from certain vessels in national marine sanctuaries offshore of California. The
California Clean Coast Act requires the State Water Resources Control
Board to request the appropriate federal agencies to prohibit the release of wastes from cruise ships and oceangoing ships into state marine waters and the four national marine sanctuaries in California.
The request referenced the California Clean Coast Act [California
Senate Bill 771 (Chapter 588, Statutes of 2006)], and specifically requested NOAA prohibit release from large passenger vessels (cruise ships) and other oceangoing ships (300 gross tons or more) of hazardous waste, oily bilgewater, other waste, and sewage sludge into the marine waters of the state and marine sanctuaries. These proposed rules include prohibitions consistent with the request from the State of
California for the CBNMS, GFNMS, and MBNMS.
Existing or currently pending regulations published in October 2006
(71 FR 59039, 71 FR 59050, 71 FR 59338) already prohibit discharge of hazardous waste, oil bilge water and sewage sludge.
The revised proposed discharge/deposit regulations: (1) Provide an exception for treated sewage discharges only applicable to vessels less than 300 GRT, and vessels greater than 300 GRT without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold sewage while within the sanctuary and (2) provide an exception for graywater discharges applicable to vessels less than 300 GRT, and vessels 300 GRT or more without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold graywater while within the MBNMS.
Discharge of graywater is already prohibited, without exception, in the
CBNMS and GFNMS.
The graywater discharge exception for vessels without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold graywater while within the MBNMS is proposed because many vessels are designed without the ability to retain graywater, and as such must discharge graywater directly as it is produced. Some vessels mix graywater with untreated sewage where it is treated in the vessel marine sanitation device (MSD). If graywater is retained in an MSD and, consequently, mixed with any sewage, it is considered blackwater.
The primary purpose of these revised regulations is to reduce potentially harmful effects of large-vessel sewage and graywater discharges on sanctuary qualities and resources. The revisions described herein affect two of the exceptions to the prohibition on discharging or depositing material or other matter into the sanctuary: the exception for treated sewage for the CBNMS, GFNMS, and MBNMS, and the exception for biodegradable matter including sewage for the MBNMS.
Proposed revisions would result in substantive changes regarding sewage and graywater.
NOAA will publish any final regulations for the CBNMS, GFNMS, and
MBNMS after reviewing all comments to the currently pending proposed rules and this proposed rule.
Environment
The CBNMS protects an area of 526 square miles (399 square nautical miles) off the northern California coast. The main feature of the
Sanctuary is Cordell Bank, an offshore granite bank located on the edge of the continental shelf, about 43 nautical miles (nmi) northwest of the Golden Gate Bridge and 20 nmi west of the Point Reyes lighthouse.
CBNMS is entirely offshore and shares its southern and eastern boundary with the GFNMS. The CBNMS eastern boundary is six miles from shore and the western boundary is the 1000 fathom isobath on the edge of the continental slope. CBNMS is located in one of the world's four major coastal upwelling systems. The combination of oceanic conditions and undersea topography provides for a highly productive environment in a discrete, well-defined area. The vertical relief and hard substrate of the Bank provide benthic habitat with near-shore characteristics in an open ocean environment 20 nmi from shore. The Cordell Bank National
Marine Sanctuary was established in 1989 to protect and preserve the extraordinary ecosystem, including marine birds, mammals, and other natural resources of Cordell Bank and its surrounding waters.
The GFNMS lies off the coast of California, to the west and north of San Francisco. The GFNMS is composed of offshore waters extending out to and around the Farallon Islands and nearshore waters (up to the mean high tide line) from Bodega Head to Rocky Point in Marin. The
GFNMS is characterized by the widest continental shelf on the west coast of the contiguous United States. In the Gulf of the Farallones, the shelf reaches a width of 32 nautical miles (59 km). Shoreward of the Farallon Islands, the continental shelf is a relatively flat sandy/ muddy plain, which slopes gently to the west and north from the mainland shoreline. The Farallon Islands lie along the outer edge of the continental shelf, between 13 and 19 nautical miles (24 and 35 km) southwest of Point Reyes and approximately 26 nautical miles (48 km) due west of San Francisco. In addition to sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, small coves, and offshore stacks, the GFNMS includes open bays (Bodega
Bay, Drakes Bay) and enclosed bays or estuaries (Bolinas Lagoon,
Tomales Bay, Estero Americano, and Estero de San Antonio). The Gulf of the Farallones National
Page 16226
Marine Sanctuary was established in 1981 to protect and preserve this unique and fragile ecological community.
The MBNMS is located offshore of California's central coast, adjacent to and south of the GFNMS. It encompasses a shoreline length of approximately 268 miles between Marin in Marin County and Cambria in
San Luis Obispo County and approximately 4,016 square nautical miles of ocean and coastal waters, and the submerged lands thereunder, extending an average distance of 30 miles from shore. Supporting some of the world's most diverse marine ecosystems, it is home to numerous mammals, seabirds, fishes, invertebrates, and plants in a remarkably productive coastal environment. The MBNMS was established in 1992 for the purposes of protecting and managing the conservation, ecological, recreational, research, educational, historical, and esthetic resources and qualities of the area.
According to Lloyds Maritime Information Services, in 2000, 3,575 cargo vessels called at ports on San Francisco Bay, including 1,936 container vessels, 787 tankers, 626 dry bulk vessels, and 226 other types (Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2002). Approximately half of these vessels transit south off the coast of California, while the other half transit north or west of San Francisco. Data from the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers show a similar level of movement, with approximately 3,600 vessels (including foreign and domestic vessels, tugs, and barges) entering San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean each year (USACE 2002a). In addition, approximately 3,000 large vessels transit along the northern/central California coast every year (Pacific
States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force 2002), passing through the three sanctuaries.
Summary of the Proposed Regulatory Amendments
Regulation of Vessel Sewage
The proposed regulations would revise the prohibition to address sewage discharges/deposits from within or into the CBNMS, GFNMS, and
MBNMS from vessels of 300 GRT or more. The prohibitions would only apply to vessels with sufficient holding tank capacity to hold sewage while within the sanctuary.
The revised regulations would better address NOAA's concerns about possible impacts from large volumes of treated sewage discharges within the sanctuaries from large vessels in addition to cruise ships.
Untreated sewage discharges are prohibited within the national marine sanctuaries. Vessel sewage discharges are more concentrated than domestic land-based sewage. They may contain bacteria or viruses that can cause disease in humans and wildlife, may contain high concentrations of nutrients that can lead to eutrophication (the process that can cause oxygen-depleted ``dead zones'' in aquatic environments), and may yield unpleasant esthetic impacts to the sanctuary environment (diminishing sanctuary resources and their ecological, conservation, esthetic, recreational and other qualities).
Large vessels may have either Type II marine sanitation devices (MSDs) that treat sewage, or Type III MSDs that hold sewage until it can be legally pumped out or discharged.
In 2006, approximately 75% of the large oceangoing vessels that called on California ports were using a Type II MSD. While these devices are designed to lower fecal coliform bacteria counts (to a standard of 200 fecal coliform per 100 milliliter of sample) and reduce total suspended solids (to a standard of 150 milligrams per liter), studies in Alaska of cruise ship wastewater discharges have shown high rates of failure in the ability of conventional MSDs to meet legal discharge standards (Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 2004). Furthermore, monitoring and testing of MSD discharges (outside of Alaska) is not legally required of large vessel operators, so reductions in treatment effectiveness may go undetected.
Regulation of Vessel Graywater
The proposed action would also amend the exception to the prohibition on discharging or depositing graywater from within or into the MBNMS. The revised regulation would provide an exception for discharging or depositing graywater from vessels less than 300 GRT, and vessels 300 GRT or greater without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold graywater while within the MBNMS.
The revised regulation would better address NOAA's concerns about the potential impacts of graywater discharges from large vessels in the
MBNMS. Graywater from vessels includes wastewater from showers, baths, and galleys. Graywater can contain a variety of substances including
(but not limited to) detergents, oil and grease, pesticides and food wastes (Eley 2000). Very little research has been done on the impacts of graywater on the marine environment, but many of the chemicals commonly found in graywater are known to be toxic (Casanova et al. 2001). These chemicals have been implicated in the occurrence of cancerous growths in bottom-dwelling fish (Mix 1986). Furthermore, studies of graywater discharges from large cruise ships in Alaska
(prior to strict state effluent standards for cruise ship graywater discharges) found very high levels of fecal coliform in large cruise ship graywater (well exceeding the federal standards for fecal coliform from Type II MSDs). These same studies also found high mean total suspended solids in some graywater sources (exceeding the federal standards for total suspended solids from Type II MSDs).
In summary, the revised proposed discharge regulations would prohibit the following discharges: (1) Within or into the CBNMS, GFNMS, and MBNMS all treated sewage/deposits from vessels 300 GRT or more with sufficient holding tank capacity to hold sewage while within the sanctuary and (2) within or into the MBNMS, all graywater from vessels 300 GRT or more with sufficient holding tank capacity to hold graywater while within the MBNMS.
Miscellaneous Rulemaking Requirements
National Environmental Policy Act
NOAA has prepared a Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact
Statement (SDEIS) to evaluate the proposed revisions to the discharge/ deposit regulations analyzed in the DEIS. Copies are available at the address and Web site listed in the Addresses section of this proposed rule. Responses to comments received on this proposed rule will be published in the Final Environmental Impact Statement and preamble to the final rule.
Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Impact
This proposed rule has been determined to be not significant within the meaning of Executive Order 12866.
Executive Order 13132: Federalism Assessment
NOAA has concluded this regulatory action does not have federalism implications sufficient to warrant preparation of a federalism assessment under Executive Order 12612. The ONMS consulted with a number of entities within the State who participated in development of this proposed rule, including but not limited to the California Coastal
Commission, California Regional Water Quality Control Board, California
Department of Fish and Game, and California Resources Agency.
Page 16227
Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Chief Counsel for Regulation of the Department of Commerce certified to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration this proposed rule, if adopted, would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
The factual basis for this certification is as follows:
Based primarily on recent socioeconomic studies, and on-site surveys of visitor use, NMSP has identified the following small entities as defined by the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Small business concerns operating within the CBNMS, GFNMS, and MBNMS (sanctuaries) include over 500 commercial fishing operations, six mariculture operations, more than 30 consumptive recreational charter businesses, over 30 non-consumptive recreational charter businesses, approximately 3 motorized personal watercraft businesses, and approximately 10 marine salvage companies.
Small organizations operating within the sanctuaries include non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and/or non-profit organizations
(NPOs) dedicated to environmental education, research, restoration, and conservation concerning marine and maritime heritage resources. There are approximately 50 small organizations active in the sanctuaries including non-profit organizations (NPOs) involved in education, research, restoration, and conservation activities. Cambria, Carmel-by- the-Sea, Pacific Grove, City of Monterey, City of Seaside, Del Rey
Oaks, Marina, Castroville, Pajaro, Soquel, Capitola, Rio Del Mar,
Aptos, Pacifica, Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County Harbor District, Santa
Cruz Port District and Moss Landing Harbor District would qualify as
``small governmental jurisdictions'' directly adjacent to the sanctuaries.
The proposed modifications to the sanctuaries' discharge/deposit regulation prohibiting waste discharges from vessels 300 GRT or greater is applicable to any small entities that operate vessels of this size in the Sanctuary. However, no small entities among those identified above operate vessels 300 GRT or more within the sanctuaries. Because this action would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, no initial regulatory flexibility analysis is required, and none was prepared.
Request for Comments
NOAA requests comments on this proposed rule concerning vessel discharges and deposits of sewage and graywater, which supplements the currently pending proposed rules published on October 2006 (71 FR 59039, 71 FR 59050, 71 FR 59338).
List of Subjects in 15 CFR Part 922
Administrative practice and procedure, Boats and Boating safety,
Coastal zone, Education, Environmental protection, Fish, Harbors,
Marine mammals, Marine pollution, Marine resources, Marine safety,
Natural resources, Penalties, Recreation and recreation areas,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Research, Water pollution control, Water resources, Wildlife.
(Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog Number 11.429 Marine Sanctuary
Program)
Dated: March 21, 2008.
Steve Kozak,
Chief of Staff for Ocean Services and Coastal Zone Management.
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, 15 CFR part 922 is proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 922--[AMENDED] 1. The authority citation for part 922 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq. 2. In Sec. 922.82 revise paragraphs (a)(2) introductory text and
(a)(2)(ii) to read as follows:
Sec. 922.82 Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.
(a)* * *
(2) Discharging or depositing from within or into the Sanctuary, other than from a cruise ship, any material or other matter except:
* * * * *
(ii) For a vessel less than 300 gross registered tons (GRT), or a vessel 300 GRT or greater without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold sewage while within the Sanctuary, biodegradable effluents incidental to vessel use and generated by: An operable Type I or II marine sanitation device (U.S. Coast Guard classification) that is approved in accordance with section 312 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended (FWPCA), 33 U.S.C. 1322.
Vessel operators must lock all marine sanitation devices in a manner that prevents discharge or deposit of untreated sewage;
* * * * * 3. In Sec. 922.111 revise paragraphs (a)(1)(i) introductory text and (a)(1)(i)(B) to read as follows:
Sec. 922.111 Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) Discharging or depositing from within or into the Sanctuary, other than from a cruise ship, any material or other matter except:
* * * * *
(B) For a vessel less than 300 gross registered tons (GRT), or a vessel 300 GRT or greater without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold sewage while within the Sanctuary, biodegradable effluents incidental to vessel use and generated by an operable Type I or II marine sanitation device (U.S. Coast Guard classification) approved in accordance with section 312 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, (FWPCA), 33 U.S.C. 1322. Vessel operators must lock all marine sanitation devices in a manner that prevents discharge or deposit of untreated sewage;
* * * * * 4. In Sec. 922.132 revise paragraphs (a)(2)(i) introductory text and (a)(2)(i)(B) through (E), and add paragraph (a)(2)(i)(F) to read as follows:
Sec. 922.132 Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.
(a) * * *
(2)(i) Discharging or depositing from within or into the Sanctuary, other than from a cruise ship, any material or other matter, except:
* * * * *
(B) For a vessel less than 300 gross registered tons (GRT), or a vessel 300 GRT or greater without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold sewage while within the Sanctuary, biodegradable effluent incidental to vessel use and generated by an operable Type I or II marine sanitation device (U.S. Coast Guard classification) approved in accordance with section 312 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (FWPCA), 33 U.S.C. 1322. Vessel operators must lock all marine sanitation devices in a manner that prevents discharge or deposit of untreated sewage;
(C) Biodegradable vessel deck wash down, vessel engine cooling water, vessel generator cooling water, anchor wash, clean bilge water
(meaning not containing detectable levels of harmful matter as defined);
(D) For a vessel less than 300 gross registered tons (GRT), or a vessel 300 GRT or greater without sufficient holding tank capacity to hold graywater
Page 16228
while within the Sanctuary, graywater as defined by section 312 of the
FWPCA that is biodegradable;
(E) Vessel engine or generator exhaust; or
(F) Dredged material deposited at disposal sites authorized by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (in consultation with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)) prior to the effective date of
Sanctuary designation (January 1, 1993), provided that the activity is pursuant to, and complies with the terms and conditions of, a valid
Federal permit or approval existing on January 1, 1993. Authorized disposal sites within the Sanctuary are described in appendix C to this subpart.
* * * * *
FR Doc. E8-6189 Filed 3-26-08; 8:45 am
BILLING CODE 3510-NK-P
