Air pollutants, hazardous; national emission standards: Wood furniture manufacturing operations,
[Federal Register: June 24, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 121)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 34336-34346]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr24jn98-33]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[AD-FRL-6114-6]
RIN 2060-AH66
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed amendments to final rule.
SUMMARY: This action proposes amendments to the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) promulgated in the Federal Register on December 7, 1995 for wood furniture manufacturing operations. This proposal offers amendments to the rule pursuant to three agreements reached in settlement of the following petitions for review: Chemical Manufacturers Association v. EPA, No. 96-1031 (D.C. Cir.); Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc. v. EPA, No. 96-1036 (D.C. Cir.); and Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., v. Browner, No. 96-1038 (D.C. Cir.). This proposal also offers clarifying amendments, as well as technical amendments to certain sections of the final rule.
DATES: Comments. Comments must be received on or before July 24, 1998, unless a hearing is requested by July 6, 1998. If a hearing is requested, written comments must be received by August 10, 1998.
Public Hearing. Anyone requesting a public hearing must contact the EPA no later than July 6, 1998. If a hearing is held, it will take place on July 9, 1998, beginning at 10:00 a.m.
ADDRESSES: Comments. Interested parties may submit written comments (in duplicate, if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102), Attention, Docket No. A-93-10, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460. Comments on the proposed changes to the NESHAP may also be submitted electronically by sending electronic mail (e-mail) to: a-and-r-docket@epamail.epa.gov.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the EPA's Office of Administration Auditorium, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Persons interested in attending the hearing or wishing to present oral testimony should notify Mrs. Kim Teal, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, telephone (919) 541-5580.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the standards and the proposed changes, contact Mr. Paul Almodovar, Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards Division (MD- 13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-0283. For information regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, contact Mr. Robert Marshall, Manufacturing Branch, Office of Compliance (2223A), U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 564-7021.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Electronic Comment Submission
Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Comments also will be accepted on diskette in WordPerfect 5.1 or ASCII file format. All comments in electronic form must be identified by the docket number A-93-10. No confidential business information should be submitted through e-mail. Electronic comments may be filedon-line at many Federal Depository Libraries.
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Regulated Entities
Entities potentially regulated by this action are owners or operators of facilities that are engaged, either in part or in whole, in wood furniture manufacturing operations and that are major sources as defined in 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, section 63.2. Regulated categories include:
Category
Examples of regulated entities
Industry............................... Facilities which are major sources of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) and
manufacture wood furniture or wood furniture components.
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities that the EPA is now aware potentially could be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table also could be regulated. To determine whether your facility [company, business, organization, etc.] is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria in section 63.800 of the NESHAP for wood furniture manufacturing operations that was promulgated in the Federal Register on December 7, 1995 (60 FR 62930) and codified at 40 CFR 63 Subpart JJ. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult Mr. Robert Marshall at the address listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
The information presented below is organized as follows:
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Background II. Summary of Proposed Changes III. Administrative Requirements
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Docket
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Paperwork Reduction Act
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Executive Order 12866
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Regulatory Flexibility Act
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
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Executive Order 13045
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Executive Order 12875
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National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
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Background
On December 7, 1995 (60 FR 62930), the EPA promulgated NESHAP for wood furniture manufacturing operations (Wood Furniture NESHAP). These standards were codified as subpart JJ in 40 CFR part 63. These standards established emission limits for, among other things, coating and gluing of wood furniture and wood furniture components. Three different parties, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), the Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc. (HSIA), and the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI), petitioned for judicial review of the final rule under section 307(b) of the Clean Air Act (the Act).
The EPA executed settlement agreements with each of these petitioners on December 18, 1997. In accordance with section 113(g) of the Act, the EPA published notice of the petitions in the Federal Register on December 24, 1997 (62 FR 67360). The notice provided a 30- day opportunity for public comment. One comment, supporting the agreements, was submitted.
The settlement agreement between the EPA and the CMA requires the EPA to conduct notice and comment rulemaking proposing that certain glycol ethers be removed from the list of volatile hazardous air pollutants (VHAP) of potential concern in table 6 of the Wood Furniture NESHAP. The agreement also provides that the de minimis value in table 5 for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate be changed from 5.0 tons per year to 10.0 tons per year.
The settlement agreement between the EPA and the HSIA requires the EPA: (1) to conduct notice-and-comment rulemaking in accordance with section 307(d) of the Act proposing that perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene be deleted from the list of pollutants prohibited from use in cleaning and washoff solvents under Sec. 63.803(e) of the regulations (table 4 of the Wood Furniture NESHAP); and (2) to give great weight to the recommendations of the Science Panel of the Joint Methylene Chloride Characterization Task Force regarding whether a reassessment of the cancer hazard for methylene chloride should be undertaken based on current scientific information. The settlement agreement also requires the EPA to conduct additional notice and comment rulemaking with respect to methylene chloride if methylene chloride is reassessed and certain findings are made as a result of that reassessment.
The settlement agreement between the EPA and the SPI requires the EPA to propose technical amendments to the Wood Furniture NESHAP that would remove the subheadings of ``Nonthreshold Pollutants,'' ``High- Concern Pollutants,'' and ``Unrankable Pollutants'' in table 6, and to remove footnote ``a'' to table 6 which relates to these hazard ranking classifications.
This action proposes changes to the Wood Furniture NESHAP to address the settlement agreements discussed above. This action also proposes clarifying changes and corrections which were identified after promulgation of the rule.
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Summary of Proposed Changes
In order to affect the settlement agreement between the EPA and the CMA, and between the EPA and the SPI, the EPA is proposing to revise table 6 of the Wood Furniture NESHAP.
Table 6 lists those VHAP that are thought to pose a high concern for chronic toxicity. The regulations require affected sources to track the usage levels of these chemicals as part of their formulation assessment plans. The EPA, as a result of the negotiated rulemaking process for the final rule, included in the table 6 list only those chemicals with a toxicity composite score of 20 or higher.
The original table 6 excepted three glycol ether compounds from the list of VHAP of potential concern because of the relatively low toxicity of these compounds. In its challenge of the final rule, the CMA claimed that additional glycol ethers should be excluded from table 6, and asked that the EPA review toxicity data for other specified glycol ether compounds. The settlement agreement listed 17 other glycol ethers which the parties agreed should not, at this time, be considered VHAP of potential concern under this rule because either the EPA lacked sufficient toxicity information on the compound or subsequent data demonstrated a low toxicity for the compound. Since signing the settlement agreement, the EPA has completed a preliminary literature review of toxicity studies for all of the listed compounds to determine if any have evidence of relatively severe toxicity. As a result of this screening analysis, the EPA believes that the likely hazards posed by these compounds are probably well below the cutoff level for treating these compounds as VHAP of potential concern and for the purposes of this rule should not be listed in table 6.‹SUP›1‹/SUP› Additional information on the EPA's toxicity review can be found in the docket listed in the preceding ADDRESSES section.
\1\ This review was conducted solely for this rule to confirm the reasonableness of the proposed changes based on the relative toxicity of these compounds. The EPA has conducted no peer review of these toxicity findings and has not developed a consensus position regarding the actual toxicity of these compounds.
The original table 6 contained subheadings for ``nonthreshold'' pollutants, ``high-concern'' pollutants, and ``unrankable'' pollutants. These subheadings followed the hazard ranking classification scheme proposed in regulations to implement the offsetting provisions of section 112(g) of
[[Page 34338]]
the Act. The EPA now believes, however, that these subheadings, and footnote ``a'' which relates to these subheadings, serve no substantive function in this rule and should be removed from table 6. The definition of ``VHAP of potential concern'' is proposed to be revised to reflect this change in table 6.
Section 63.803(l)(6) is also being proposed to be revised to eliminate the reference to the 112(g) regulations. The formulation assessment plan provision in Sec. 63.803(l)(6) requires that if, after November 1998, an affected source uses any VHAP of potential concern listed in table 6, it must keep track of the annual usage of that chemical and report to the permitting authority if the usage exceeds the relevant de minimis value for that chemical. Section 63.803(l)(6) currently references section 112(g) regulations to determine the relevant de minimis values. This cross-reference is not necessary because table 6 is proposed to be revised to include the de minimis value for each chemical. The de minimis values provided in table 6 are not changed from the current values extrapolated from the proposed section 112(g) regulations.
In order to implement the settlement agreement between the EPA and the CMA, the EPA is also proposing to revise table 5 to change the de minimis level for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate from 5.0 to 10.0 tons per year. The EPA has concluded that the toxicity for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate is relatively low and in the absence of a more quantitative assessment (i.e., an inhalation reference concentration) for this chemical, the EPA's hazard ranking guidelines provide a default de minimis value of 10.0 tons per year. The proposed change of the 2-ethoxyethyl acetate de minimis value is thus consistent with the EPA's methodology.
In order to implement the settlement agreement between the EPA and the HSIA, the EPA is proposing to revise table 4 of the Wood Furniture NESHAP by removing trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from the list of prohibited cleaning and washoff solvents. The EPA intended to include in table 4 those pollutants classified under the EPA's hazard ranking methodology as Group A (known human carcinogen) or Group B (probable human carcinogen). The EPA currently considers both perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene as intermediately classified between a probable and possible human carcinogen(Group B/C). The EPA is in the process of revising its cancer risk assessment guidelines and is currently reassessing these pollutants. Since a definitive assessment of the carcinogenicity of these two chemicals has not been finalized by the EPA, and given the current carcinogenicity classifications of these chemicals, the EPA is proposing to remove them from table 4. Note, however, that this proposed change in Table 4 does not imply any change in the EPA's current scientific evaluation of these pollutants, nor does it carry any weight with respect to policies adopted toward these pollutants in other regulatory contexts.
The EPA is also taking this opportunity to propose additional technical and clarifying corrections to the final rule. The EPA is proposing to remove caprolactam from the list of VHAP in table 2 of the rule because this chemical has been delisted from the HAP list in section 112(b)(1) of the Act (61 FR 30816).
The EPA is proposing to revise the definition of ``organic solvent'' to reflect the EPA's intent in the final rule to regulate only those organic solvents considered HAP. Since the promulgation of the NESHAP there has been some confusion on what organic solvents are regulated by the rule. The work practice standards in Sec. 63.803(d)of the NESHAP include requirements for each owner or operator of a wood furniture manufacturing facility to develop an organic solvent accounting system. In addition, Sec. 63.803(f) requires that an affected source use no more than 1.0 gallon of organic solvent per booth to prepare the surface of the booth prior to applying the booth coating. The current rule defines organic solvent as ``a volatile organic liquid that is used for dissolving or dispersing constituents in a coating or contact adhesive, adjusting the viscosity of a coating or contact adhesive, or cleaning equipment. When used in a coating or contact adhesive, the organic solvent evaporates during drying and does not become a part of the dried film.'' The definition in the final rule should be limited to those organic solvents which are HAP. Therefore, the EPA is proposing to add the term ``hazardous air pollutant'' to the definition of organic solvent (e.g., organic HAP solvent). Elsewhere in the text of the rule, the EPA is proposing to replace the term ``organic solvent'' with the term ``organic HAP solvent.''
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Administrative Requirements
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Docket
Docket A-93-10 is an organized and complete file of all of the information submitted to, or otherwise considered by, the EPA in the development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file, since material is added throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing system is intended to allow members of the public to readily identify and locate documents to enable them to participate effectively in the rulemaking process. The contents of the docket serve as the record for purposes of judicial review (except forCAA interagency review materials) (Sec. 307(d)(7)(A) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7607(d)(7)(A)).
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Paperwork Reduction Act
There are no additional information collection requirements contained in this proposal. Therefore, approval under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq., is not required.
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Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866, the EPA is required to determine whether a regulation is ``significant,'' and therefore, subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and the requirements of this Executive Order to prepare a regulatory impact analysis. The Executive Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a rule that may (1) have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or Tribal governments or communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency; (3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive Order.
This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' within the meaning of the Executive Order. The proposed rule, if promulgated, is expected to reduce the regulatory burden on facilities by relaxing requirements related to specified chemical compounds and by increasing one of the de minimis levels triggering regulatory action. The EPA has concluded that these changes will not significantly impact the environment or public health or safety.
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Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements unless the
[[Page 34339]]
agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small governmental jurisdictions. This proposed rule would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities because the proposed amendments impose no new requirements on regulated entities. The proposed changes should actually ease the compliance burden of the Wood Furniture NESHAP. Therefore, I certify that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Pub. L. 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, the EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost- benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any one year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires the EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows the EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost- effective, or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was not adopted. Before the EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that this proposed rule does not contain a Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for State, local, and tribal governments, in aggregate, or for the private sector in any one year. Nor does the rule significantly or uniquely impact small governments, because it contains no requirements that apply to such governments and imposes no obligations upon them. Thus, the requirements of the UMRA do not apply to this rule.
The economic impact analysis performed for the original rule showed that the economic impacts from implementation of the promulgated standards would not be ``significant'' as defined in Executive Order 12866. No changes are being made in these amendments that would increase the economic impacts.
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Executive Order 13045
Executive Order 13045 applies to any rule that (1) has been determined to be ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) addresses an environmental health or safety risk that has a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
This proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045, entitled ``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), because it is not an economically significant regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866, and it does not involve decisions on environmental health risks or safety risks that would have a disproportionate effect on children.
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Executive Order 12875
Executive Order 12875 requires that, to the extent feasible and permitted by law, no Federal agency shall promulgate any regulation that is not required by statute and that creates a mandate upon a State, local, or tribal government, unless funds necessary to pay the direct costs incurred by the State, local, or tribal government in complying with the mandate are provided by the Federal government. The EPA has determined that the requirements of Executive Order 12875 do not apply to today's rulemaking, since no mandate is created by this action.
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National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Pub. L. No. 104-113, Sec. 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA directs the EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards. This proposed rulemaking does not involve technical standards. Therefore, the EPA is not considering the use of any voluntary consensus standards.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Wood furniture manufacturing.
Dated: June 18, 1998. Carol M. Browner, Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart JJ--National Emissions Standards for Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations
2. Section 63.801 is proposed to be amended by revising the definitions for ``Cleaning operations'', ``Disposed offsite'', ``Equipment leak'', ``Recycled onsite'', ``Strippable spray booth material'', ``VHAP of potential concern'', and ``Washoff operations'' and by removing the definition of ``Organic solvents'', and adding a definition of ``Organic HAP solvent'' to read as follows:
Sec. 63.801 Definitions.
* * * * *
Cleaning operations means operations in which organic HAP solvent is used to remove coating materials or adhesives
[[Page 34340]]
from equipment used in wood furniture manufacturing operations. * * * * *
Disposed offsite means sending used organic HAP solvent or coatings outside of the facility boundaries for disposal. * * * * *
Equipment leak means emissions of VHAP from pumps, valves, flanges, or other equipment used to transfer or apply coatings, adhesives, or organic HAP solvents. * * * * *
Organic HAP solvent means a HAP that is volatile organic liquid that is used for dissolving or dispersing constituents in a coating or contact adhesive, adjusting the viscosity of a coating or contact adhesive, or cleaning equipment. When used in a coating or contact adhesive, the organic HAP solvent evaporates during drying and does not become a part of the dried film. * * * * *
Recycled onsite means the reuse of an organic HAP solvent in a process other than cleaning or washoff. * * * * *
Strippable spray booth material means a coating that:
(1) Is applied to a spray booth wall to provide a protective film to receive overspray during finishing operations;
(2) That is subsequently peeled off and disposed; and
(3) By achieving (1) and (2) of this defintion reduces or eliminates the need to use organic HAP solvents to clean spray booth walls. * * * * *
VHAP of potential concern means any VHAP from the list in table 6 of this subpart. * * * * *
Washoff operations means those operations in which organic HAP solvent is used to remove coating from wood furniture or a wood furniture component. * * * * *
3. Section 63.803 is proposed to be amended by revising paragraphs (c)(1), (d), (f), (i), (j), and (l)(6) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.803 Work practice standards.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) A minimum visual inspection frequency of once per month for all equipment used to transfer or apply coatings, adhesives, or organic HAP solvents; * * * * *
(d) Cleaning and washoff solvent accounting system. Each owner or operator of an affected source shall develop an organic HAP solvent accounting form to record:
(1) The quantity and type of organic HAP solvent used each month for washoff and cleaning, as defined in Sec. 63.801 of this subpart;
(2) The number of pieces washed off, and the reason for the washoff; and
(3) The quantity of spent organic HAP solvent generated from each washoff and cleaning operation each month, and whether it is recycled onsite or disposed offsite. * * * * *
(f) Spray booth cleaning. Each owner or operator of an affected source shall not use compounds containing more than 8.0 percent by weight of VOC for cleaning spray booth components other than conveyors, continuous coaters and their enclosures, metal filters, or plastic filters unless the spray booth is being refurbished. If the spray booth is being refurbished (that is, the spray booth coating or other protective material used to cover the booth is being replaced), the affected source shall use no more than 1.0 gallon of organic HAP solvent per booth to prepare the surface of the booth prior to applying the booth coating. * * * * *
(i) Line cleaning. Each owner or operator of an affected source shall pump or drain all organic HAP solvent used for line cleaning into a normally closed container. * * * * *
(j) Gun cleaning. Each owner or operator of an affected source shall collect all organic HAP solvent used to clean spray guns into a normally closed container. * * * * *
(l) * * *
(6) If after November 1998, an affected source uses a VHAP of potential concern listed in table 6 of this subpart for which a baseline level has not been previously established, then the baseline level shall be established as the de minimis level provided in that same table for that chemical. The affected source shall track the annual usage of each VHAP of potential concern identified in this paragraph that is present in amounts subject to material safety data sheet reporting as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. If usage of the VHAP of potential concern exceeds the de minimis level listed in table 6 of this subpart for that chemical, then the affected source shall provide an explanation to the permitting authority that documents the reason for the exceedance of the de minimis level. If the explanation is not one of those listed in paragraphs (l)(4)(i) through (l)(4)(iv) of this section, the affected source shall follow the procedures in paragraph (l)(5) of this section.
4. Table 2 of subpart JJ is proposed to be revised to read as follows:
Table 2.--List of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants
Chemical name
CAS No.
Acetaldehyde.........................................
75070 Acetamide............................................
60355 Acetonitrile.........................................
75058 Acetophenone.........................................
98862 2-Acetylaminofluorine................................
53963 Acrolein.............................................
107028 Acrylamide...........................................
79061 Acrylic acid.........................................
79107 Acrylonitrile........................................
107131 Allyl chloride.......................................
107051 4-Aminobiphenyl......................................
92671 Aniline..............................................
62533 o-Anisidine..........................................
90040 Benzene..............................................
71432 Benzidine............................................
92875 Benzotrichloride.....................................
98077 Benzyl chloride......................................
100447 Biphenyl.............................................
92524
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Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)....................
117817 Bis(chloromethyl)ether...............................
542881 Bromoform............................................
75252 1,3-Butadiene........................................
106990 Carbon disulfide.....................................
75150 Carbon tetrachloride.................................
56235 Carbonyl sulfide.....................................
463581 Catechol.............................................
120809 Chloroacetic acid....................................
79118 2-Chloroacetophenone.................................
532274 Chlorobenzene........................................
108907 Chloroform...........................................
67663 Chloromethyl methyl ether............................
107302 Chloroprene..........................................
126998 Cresols (isomers and mixture)........................
1319773 o-Cresol.............................................
95487 m-Cresol.............................................
108394 p-Cresol.............................................
106445 Cumene...............................................
98828 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, including
salts and esters)...................................
94757 DDE (1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene)...
72559 Diazomethane.........................................
334883 Dibenzofuran.........................................
132649 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane..........................
96128 Dibutylphthalate.....................................
84742 1,4-Dichlorobenzene..................................
106467 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine...............................
91941 Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)........
111444 1,3-Dichloropropene..................................
542756 Diethanolamine.......................................
111422 N,N-Dimethylaniline..................................
121697 Diethyl sulfate......................................
64675 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine..............................
119904 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene............................
60117 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine...............................
119937 Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride...........................
79447 N,N-Dimethylformamide................................
68122 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine................................
57147 Dimethyl phthalate...................................
131113 Dimethyl sulfate.....................................
77781 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts......................
534521 2,4-Dinitrophenol....................................
51285 2,4-Dinitrotoluene...................................
121142 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide)....................
123911 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine................................
122667 Epichlorohydrin (1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane)..........
106898 1,2-Epoxybutane......................................
106887 Ethyl acrylate.......................................
140885 Ethylbenzene.........................................
100414 Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)...........................
51796 Ethyl chloride (Chloroethane)........................
75003 Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane)...................
106934 Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane).............
107062 Ethylene glycol......................................
107211 Ethylene oxide.......................................
75218 Ethylenethiourea.....................................
96457 Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-Dichloroethane)...........
75343 Formaldehyde.........................................
50000 Glycol ethers ‹SUP›a......................................
- Hexachlorobenzene....................................
118741 Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene.............................
87683 Hexachloroethane.....................................
67721 Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate.......................
822060 Hexamethylphosphoramide..............................
680319 Hexane...............................................
110543 Hydrazine............................................
302012 Hydroquinone.........................................
123319 Isophorone...........................................
78591 Maleic anhydride.....................................
108316 Methanol.............................................
67561 Methyl bromide (Bromomethane)........................
74839 Methyl chloride (Chloromethane)......................
74873
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Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)............
71556 Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone).....................
78933 Methylhydrazine......................................
60344 Methyl iodide (Iodomethane)..........................
74884 Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone)......................
108101 Methyl isocyanate....................................
624839 Methyl methacrylate..................................
80626 Methyl tert-butyl ether..............................
1634044 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)...................
101144 Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane).................
75092 4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)............
101688 4,4'-Methylenedianiline..............................
101779 Naphthalene..........................................
91203 Nitrobenzene.........................................
98953 4-Nitrobiphenyl......................................
92933 4-Nitrophenol........................................
100027 2-Nitropropane.......................................
79469 N-Nitroso-N-methylurea...............................
684935 N-Nitrosodimethylamine...............................
62759 N-Nitrosomorpholine..................................
59892 Phenol...............................................
108952 p-Phenylenediamine...................................
106503 Phosgene.............................................
75445 Phthalic anhydride...................................
85449 Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors).................
1336363 Polycyclic Organic Matter‹SUP›b...........................
- 1,3-Propane sultone..................................
1120714 beta-Propiolactone...................................
57578 Propionaldehyde......................................
123386 Propoxur (Baygon)....................................
114261 Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane)...........
78875 Propylene oxide......................................
75569 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine)...............
75558 Quinone..............................................
106514 Styrene..............................................
100425 Styrene oxide........................................
96093 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin..................
1746016 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane............................
79345 Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)..............
127184 Toluene..............................................
108883 2,4-Toluenediamine...................................
95807 Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate.............................
584849 o-Toluidine..........................................
95534 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene...............................
120821 1,1,2-Trichloroethane................................
79005 Trichloroethylene....................................
79016 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol................................
95954 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol................................
88062 Triethylamine........................................
121448 Trifluralin..........................................
1582098 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane...............................
540841 Vinyl acetate........................................
108054 Vinyl bromide........................................
593602 Vinyl chloride.......................................
75014 Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene)...........
75354 Xylenes (isomers and mixture)........................
1330207 o-Xylene.............................................
95476 m-Xylene.............................................
108383 p-Xylene.............................................
106423
‹SUP›a Includes mono- and di-ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycols and triethylene glycol; R-(OCH‹INF›2CH‹INF›2)‹INF›n RR-OR' where:
n = 1, 2, or 3,
R = alkyl or aryl groups
R' = R, H, or groups which, when removed, yield glycol ethers with the structure: R-(OCH‹INF›2CH‹INF›2)‹INF›n--OH.
Polymers are excluded from the glycol category.
‹SUP›b Includes organic compounds with more than one benzene ring, and which have a boiling point greater than or equal to 100 deg.C.
5. Table 4--Pollutants excluded from use in cleaning and washoff solvents is proposed to be revised to read as follows:
[[Page 34343]]
TABLE 4.--Pollutants Excluded From Use in Cleaning and Washoff Solvents
Chemical name
CAS No.
4-Aminobiphenyl......................................
92671 Styrene oxide........................................
96093 Diethyl sulfate......................................
64675 N-Nitrosomorpholine..................................
59892 Dimethyl formamide...................................
68122 Hexamethylphosphoramide..............................
680319 Acetamide............................................
60355 4,4'-Methylenedianiline..............................
101779 o-Anisidine..........................................
90040 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin..................
1746016 Beryllium salts...................................... ................. Benzidine............................................
92875 N-Nitroso-N-methylurea...............................
684935 Bis(chloromethyl) ether..............................
542881 Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride..........................
79447 Chromium compounds (hexavalent)...................... ................. 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine)...............
75558 Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds..............
99999904 Hydrazine............................................
302012 1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine...............................
57147 Beryllium compounds..................................
7440417 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane..........................
96128 N-Nitrosodimethylamine...............................
62759 Cadmium compounds.................................... ................. Benzo (a) pyrene.....................................
50328 Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors).................
1336363 Heptachlor...........................................
76448 3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine..............................
119937 Nickel subsulfide....................................
12035722 Acrylamide...........................................
79061 Hexachlorobenzene....................................
118741 Chlordane............................................
57749 1,3-Propane sultone..................................
1120714 1,3-Butadiene........................................
106990 Nickel refinery dust................................. ................. 2-Acetylaminoflourine................................
53963 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine...............................
53963 Lindane (hexachlorcyclohexane, gamma)................
58899 2,4-Toluene diamine..................................
95807 Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)........
111444 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine................................
122667 Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene).....................
8001352 2,4-Dinitrotoluene...................................
121142 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine..............................
119904 Formaldehyde.........................................
50000 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)..................
101144 Acrylonitrile........................................
107131 Ethylene dibromide(1,2-Dibromoethane)................
106934 DDE (1,1-p-chlorophenyl 1-2 dichloroethylene)........
72559 Chlorobenzilate......................................
510156 Dichlorvos...........................................
62737 Vinyl chloride.......................................
75014 Coke Oven Emissions.................................. ................. Ethylene oxide.......................................
75218 Ethylene thiourea....................................
96457 Vinyl bromide (bromoethene)..........................
593602 Selenium sulfide (mono and di).......................
7488564 Chloroform...........................................
67663 Pentachloropheno.....................................
87865 Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)...........................
51796 Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane).............
107062 Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane)...........
78875 Carbon tetrachloride.................................
56235 Benzene..............................................
71432 Methyl hydrazine.....................................
60344 Ethyl acrylate.......................................
140885 Propylene oxide......................................
75569 Aniline..............................................
62533 1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p)...............................
106467 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol................................
88062 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)....................
117817 o-Toluidine..........................................
95534
[[Page 34344]]
Propoxur.............................................
114261 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide)....................
123911 Acetaldehyde.........................................
75070 Bromoform............................................
75252 Captan...............................................
133062 Epichlorohydrin......................................
106898 Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane).................
75092 Dibenz (ah) anthracene...............................
53703 Chrysene.............................................
218019 Dimethyl aminoazobenzene.............................
60117 Benzo (a) anthracene.................................
56553 Benzo (b) fluoranthene...............................
205992 Antimony trioxide....................................
1309644 2-Nitropropane.......................................
79469 1,3-Dichloropropene..................................
542756 7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene......................
57976 Benz(c)acridine......................................
225514 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene...............................
193395 1,2:7,8-Dibenzopyrene................................
189559
6. Table 5--List of VHAP of Potential Concern Identified by Industry is proposed to be revised to read as follows:
TABLE 5.--List of VHAP of Potential Concern Identified by Industry
EPA de CAS No.
Chemical name
minimis, tons/yr
68122............... Dimethyl formamide...................
1.0 50000............... Formaldehyde.........................
0.2 75092............... Methylene chloride...................
4.0 79469............... 2-Nitropropane.......................
1.0 78591............... Isophorone...........................
0.7 1000425............. Styrene monomer......................
1.0 108952.............. Phenol...............................
0.1 111422.............. Dimethanolamine......................
5.0 109864.............. 2-Methoxyethanol.....................
10.0 111159.............. 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate................
10.0
7. Table 6--VHAP of potential concern is proposed to be revised to read as follow:
TABLE 6.--VHAP of Potential Concern
EPA de CAS No.
Chemical name
minimis, tons/yr *
92671............... 4-Aminobiphenyl......................
1.0 96093............... Styrene oxide........................
1.0 64675............... Diethyl sulfate......................
1.0 59892............... N-Nitrosomorpholine..................
1.0 68122............... Dimethyl formamide...................
1.0 680319.............. Hexamethylphosphoramide..............
0.01 60355............... Acetamide............................
1.0 101779.............. 4,4'-Methylenedianiline..............
1.0 90040............... o-Anisidine..........................
1.0 1746016............. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.. 0.00000006 92875............... Benzidine............................ 0.00003 684935.............. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea............... 0.00002 542881.............. Bis(chloromethyl)ether............... 0.00003 79447............... Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride..........
0.002 75558............... 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl
0.0003 aziridine).
57147............... 1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine............... 0.0008 96128............... 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane..........
0.001 62759............... N-Nitrosodimethylamine............... 0.0001 50328............... Benzo (a) pyrene.....................
0.001 1336363............. Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors). 0.0009 76448............... Heptachlor...........................
0.002 119937.............. 3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine..............
0.001 79061............... Acrylamide...........................
0.002 118741.............. Hexachlorobenzene....................
0.004
[[Page 34345]]
57749............... Chlordane............................
0.005 1120714............. 1,3-Propane sultone..................
0.003 106990.............. 1,3-Butadiene........................
0.007 53963............... 2-Acetylaminoflourine................ 0.0005 91941............... 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine...............
0.02 58899............... Lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane,
0.005 gamma).
95807............... 2,4-Toluene diamine..................
0.002 111444.............. Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-
0.006 chloroethyl)ether).
122667.............. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine................
0.009 8001352............. Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene).....
0.006 121142.............. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene...................
0.002 119904.............. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine..............
0.01 50000............... Formaldehyde.........................
0.2 101144.............. 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)..
0.02 107131.............. Acrylonitrile........................
0.03 106934.............. Ethylene dibromide(1,2-Dibromoethane)
0.01 72559............... DDE (1,1-p-chlorophenyl 1-2
0.01 dichloroethylene).
510156.............. Chlorobenzilate......................
0.04 62737............... Dichlorvos...........................
0.02 75014............... Vinyl chloride.......................
0.02 75218............... Ethylene oxide.......................
0.09 96457............... Ethylene thiourea....................
0.06 593602.............. Vinyl bromide (bromoethene)..........
0.06 67663............... Chloroform...........................
0.09 87865............... Pentachlorophenol....................
0.07 51796............... Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)...........
0.08 107062.............. Ethylene dichloride (1,2-
0.08 Dichloroethane).
78875............... Propylene dichloride (1,2-
0.1 Dichloropropane).
56235............... Carbon tetrachloride.................
0.1 71432............... Benzene..............................
0.2 140885.............. Ethyl acrylate.......................
0.1 75569............... Propylene oxide......................
0.5 62533............... Aniline..............................
0.1 106467.............. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p)...............
0.3 88062............... 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol................
0.6 117817.............. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)....
0.5 95534............... o-Toluidine..........................
0.4 114261.............. Propoxur.............................
2.0 79016............... Trichloroethylene....................
1.0 123911.............. 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide)....
0.6 75070............... Acetaldehyde.........................
0.9 75252............... Bromoform............................
2.0 133062.............. Captan...............................
2.0 106898.............. Epichlorohydrin......................
2.0 75092............... Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane).
4.0 127184.............. Tetrachloroethylene
4.0 (Perchloroethylene).
53703............... Dibenz (ah) anthracene...............
0.01 218019.............. Chrysene.............................
0.01 60117............... Dimethyl aminoazobenzene.............
1.0 56553............... Benzo (a) anthracene.................
0.01 205992.............. Benzo (b) fluoranthene...............
0.01 79469............... 2-Nitropropane.......................
1.0 542756.............. 1,3-Dichloropropene..................
1.0 57976............... 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.......
0.01 225514.............. Benz(c)acridine......................
0.01 193395.............. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene...............
0.01 189559.............. 1,2:7,8-Dibenzopyrene................
0.01 79345............... 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane............
0.03 91225............... Quinoline............................ 0.0006 75354............... Vinylidene chloride (1,1-
0.04 Dichloroethylene).
87683............... Hexachlorobutadiene..................
0.09 82688............... Pentachloronitrobenzene
0.03 (Quintobenzene).
78591............... Isophorone...........................
0.7 79005............... 1,1,2-Trichloroethane................
0.1 74873............... Methyl chloride (Chloromethane)......
1.0 67721............... Hexachloroethane.....................
0.5 1582098............. Trifluralin..........................
0.9 1319773............. Cresols/Cresylic acid (isomers and
1.0 mixture).
108394.............. m-Cresol.............................
1.0 75343............... Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-
1.0 Dichloroethane).
[[Page 34346]]
95487............... o-Cresol.............................
1.0 106445.............. p-Cresol.............................
1.0 74884............... Methyl iodide (Iodomethane)..........
1.0 100425.............. Styrene..............................
1.0 107051.............. Allyl chloride.......................
1.0 334883.............. Diazomethane.........................
1.0 95954............... 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol................
1.0 133904.............. Chloramben...........................
1.0 106887.............. 1,2-Epoxybutane......................
1.0 108054.............. Vinyl acetate........................
1.0 126998.............. Chloroprene..........................
1.0 123319.............. Hydroquinone.........................
1.0 92933............... 4-Nitrobiphenyl......................
1.0 56382............... Parathion............................
0.1 13463393............ Nickel Carbonyl......................
0.1 60344............... Methyl hydrazine.....................
0.006 151564.............. Ethylene imine....................... 0.0003 77781............... Dimethyl sulfate.....................
0.1 107302.............. Chloromethyl methyl ether............
0.1 57578............... beta-Propiolactone...................
0.1 100447.............. Benzyl chloride......................
0.04 98077............... Benzotrichloride..................... 0.0006 107028.............. Acrolein.............................
0.04 584849.............. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate.............
0.1 75741............... Tetramethyl lead.....................
0.01 78002............... Tetraethyl lead......................
0.01 12108133............ Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese.....
0.1 624839.............. Methyl isocyanate....................
0.1 77474............... Hexachlorocyclopentadiene............
0.1 62207765............ Fluomine.............................
0.1 10210681............ Cobalt carbonyl......................
0.1 79118............... Chloroacetic acid....................
0.1 534521.............. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts......
0.1 101688.............. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate......
0.1 108952.............. Phenol...............................
0.1 62384............... Mercury, (acetato-o) phenyl..........
0.01 98862............... Acetophenone.........................
1.0 108316.............. Maleic anhydride.....................
1.0 532274.............. 2-Chloroacetophenone.................
0.06 51285............... 2,4-Dinitrophenol....................
1.0 109864.............. 2-Methyoxy ethanol...................
10.0 98953............... Nitrobenzene.........................
1.0 74839............... Methyl bromide (Bromomethane)........
10.0 75150............... Carbon disulfide.....................
1.0 121697.............. N,N-Dimethylaniline..................
1.0 106514.............. Quinone..............................
5.0 123386.............. Propionaldehyde......................
5.0 120809.............. Catechol.............................
5.0 85449............... Phthalic anhydride...................
5.0 463581.............. Carbonyl sulfide.....................
5.0 132649.............. Dibenzofurans........................
5.0 100027.............. 4-Nitrophenol........................
5.0 540841.............. 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane...............
5.0 111422.............. Diethanolamine.......................
5.0 822060.............. Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate.......
5.0 .................. Glycol ethers ‹SUP›a......................
5.0 .................. Polycyclic organic matter ‹SUP›b..........
0.01
* These values are based on the de minimis levels provided in the proposed rulemaking pursuant to section 112(g) of the Act using a 70- year lifetime exposure duration for all VHAP. Default assumptions and the de minimis values based on inhalation reference doses (RfC) are not changed by this adjustment.
‹SUP›a Except for ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether (2- ethoxy ethanol), ethylene glycol hexyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether (2-methoxyethanol), ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether,
diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether,
diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol hexyl ether,
diethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate.
‹SUP›b Except for benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, benz(c)acridine, chrysene, dibenz(ah) anthracene, 1,2:7,8-dibenzopyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, but
including dioxins and furans.
[FR Doc. 98-16800Filed6-23-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
-
