Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review; Comment Request; Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation
Federal Register, Volume 77 Issue 209 (Monday, October 29, 2012)
Federal Register Volume 77, Number 209 (Monday, October 29, 2012)
Notices
Pages 65560-65564
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office www.gpo.gov
FR Doc No: 2012-26494
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
Docket No. FDA-2012-N-0559
Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review; Comment Request; Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Notice.
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SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing that a proposed collection of information has been submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (the PRA).
DATES: Fax written comments on the collection of information by November 28, 2012.
ADDRESSES: To ensure that comments on the information collection are received, OMB recommends that written comments be faxed to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attn: FDA Desk Officer, FAX: 202-395-7285, or emailed to oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. All comments should be identified with the OMB control number 0910-0456. Also include the FDA docket number found in brackets in the heading of this document.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ila S. Mizrachi, Office of Information Management, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Dr., PI50-400B, Rockville, MD 20850, 301-796-7726, Ila.Mizrachi@fda.hhs.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In compliance with 44 U.S.C. 3507, FDA has submitted the following proposed collection of information to OMB for review and clearance.
PHS Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation--(OMB Control Number 0910-0456)--Extension
The statutory authority to collect this information is provided under sections 351 and 361 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act (42 U.S.C. 262 and 264) and the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that apply to drugs (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.). The PHS guideline recommends procedures to diminish the risk of transmission of infectious agents to the xenotransplantation product recipient and to the general public. The PHS guideline is intended to address public health issues raised by xenotransplantation, through identification of general principles of prevention and control of infectious diseases associated with xenotransplantation that may pose a hazard to the public health. The collection of information described in this guideline is intended to provide general guidance on the following topics: (1) The development of xenotransplantation clinical protocols; (2) the preparation of submissions to FDA; and (3) the conduct of xenotransplantation clinical trials. Also, the collection of information will help ensure that the sponsor maintains important information in a cross-referenced system that links the relevant records of the xenotransplantation product recipient, xenotransplantation product, source animal(s), animal procurement center, and significant nosocomial exposures. The PHS
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guideline describes an occupational health service program for the protection of health care workers involved in xenotransplantation procedures, caring for xenotransplantation product recipients, and performing associated laboratory testing. The PHS guideline is intended to protect the public health and to help ensure the safety of using xenotransplantation products in humans by preventing the introduction, transmission, and spread of infectious diseases associated with xenotransplantation.
The PHS guideline also recommends that certain specimens and records be maintained for 50 years beyond the date of the xenotransplantation. These include: (1) Records linking each xenotransplantation product recipient with relevant health records of the source animal, herd or colony, and the specific organ, tissue, or cell type included in or used in the manufacture of the product (3.2.7.1); (2) aliquots of serum samples from randomly selected animal and specific disease investigations (3.4.3.1); (3) source animal biological specimens designated for PHS use (3.7.1); animal health records (3.7.2), including necropsy results (3.6.4); and (4) recipients' biological specimens (4.1.2). The retention period is intended to assist health care practitioners and officials in surveillance and in tracking the source of an infection, disease, or illness that might emerge in the recipient, the source animal, or the animal herd or colony after a xenotransplantation.
The recommendation for maintaining records for 50 years is based on clinical experience with several human viruses that have presented problems in human to human transplantation and are therefore thought to share certain characteristics with viruses that may pose potential risks in xenotransplantation. These characteristics include long latency periods and the ability to establish persistent infections. Several also share the possibility of transmission among individuals through intimate contact with human body fluids. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Human T-lymphotropic virus are human retroviruses. Retroviruses contain ribonucleic acid that is reverse-transcribed into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using an enzyme provided by the virus and the human cell machinery. That viral DNA can then be integrated into the human cellular DNA. Both viruses establish persistent infections and have long latency periods before the onset of disease, 10 years and 40 to 60 years, respectively. The human hepatitis viruses are not retroviruses, but several share with HIV the characteristic that they can be transmitted through body fluids, can establish persistent infections, and have long latency periods, e.g., approximately 30 years for Hepatitis C.
In addition, the PHS guideline recommends that a record system be developed that allows easy, accurate, and rapid linkage of information among the specimen archive, the recipient's medical records, and the records of the source animal for 50 years. The development of such a record system is a one-time burden. Such a system is intended to cross-
reference and locate relevant records of recipients, products, source animals, animal procurement centers, and nosocomial exposures.
Respondents to this collection of information are the sponsors of clinical studies of investigational xenotransplantation products under investigational new drug applications (INDs) and xenotransplantation product procurement centers, referred to as source animal facilities. There are an estimated two respondents who are sponsors of INDs that include protocols for xenotransplantation in humans. Other respondents for this collection of information are an estimated four source animal facilities that provide source xenotransplantation product material to sponsors for use in human xenotransplantation procedures. These four source animal facilities keep medical records of the herds/colonies as well as the medical records of the individual source animal(s). The total annual reporting and recordkeeping burden is estimated to be approximately 45 hours. The burden estimates are based on FDA's records of xenotransplantation-related INDs and estimates of time required to complete the various reporting, recordkeeping, and third-party disclosure tasks described in the PHS guideline.
FDA is requesting an extension of OMB approval for the following reporting, recordkeeping, and third-party disclosure recommendations in the PHS guideline:
Table 1--Reporting Recommendations
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PHS Guideline section Description
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3.2.7.2...................... Notify sponsor or FDA of new archive site
when the source animal facility or
sponsor ceases operations.
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Table 2--Recordkeeping Recommendations
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PHS Guideline section Description
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3.2.7........................ Establish records linking each
xenotransplantation product recipient
with relevant records.
4.3.......................... Sponsor to maintain cross-referenced
system that links all relevant records
(recipient, product, source animal,
animal procurement center, and
nosocomial exposures).
3.4.2........................ Document results of monitoring program
used to detect introduction of
infectious agents which may not be
apparent clinically.
3.4.3.2...................... Document full necropsy investigations
including evaluation for infectious
etiologies.
3.5.1........................ Justify shortening a source animal's
quarantine period of 3 weeks prior to
xenotransplantation product procurement.
3.5.2........................ Document absence of infectious agent in
xenotransplantation product if its
presence elsewhere in source animal does
not preclude using it.
3.5.4........................ Add summary of individual source animal
record to permanent medical record of
the xenotransplantation product
recipient.
3.6.4........................ Document complete necropsy results on
source animals (50-year record
retention).
3.7.......................... Link xenotransplantation product
recipients to individual source animal
records and archived biologic specimens.
4.2.3.2...................... Record baseline sera of
xenotransplantation health care workers
and specific nosocomial exposure.
4.2.3.3 and 4.3.2............ Keep a log of health care workers'
significant nosocomial exposure(s).
4.3.1........................ Document each xenotransplant procedure.
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5.2.......................... Document location and nature of archived
PHS specimens in health care records of
xenotransplantation product recipient
and source animal.
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Table 3--Disclosure Recommendations
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PHS Guideline section Description
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3.2.7.2...................... Notify sponsor or FDA of new archive site
when the source animal facility or
sponsor ceases operations.
3.4.......................... Standard operating procedures (SOPs) of
source animal facility should be
available to review bodies.
3.5.1........................ Include increased infectious risk in
informed consent if source animal
quarantine period of 3 weeks is
shortened.
3.5.4........................ Sponsor to make linked records described
in section 3.2.7 available for review.
3.5.5........................ Source animal facility to notify sponsor
when infectious agent is identified in
source animal or herd after
xenotransplantation product procurement.
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In the Federal Register of June 14, 2012 (77 FR 35683), FDA published a 60-day notice requesting public comment on the proposed collection of information. FDA received one comment from the public. The comment was not responsive to the comment request on the four specified aspects of the collection of information and did not provide any data or explanation that would support a change regarding the information collection requirements.
FDA estimates the burden for this collection of information as follows:
Table 4--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden \1\
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No. of
PHS Guideline section No. of responses per Total annual Average burden Total hours
respondents respondent responses per response
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3.2.7.2 \2\................... 1 1 1 0.50 (30 0.50
minutes).
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\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of
information.
\2\ FDA is using one animal facility or sponsor for estimation purposes.
Table 5--Estimated Annual Recordkeeping Burden \1\
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No. of Average burden
PHS Guideline section No. of records per Total annual per Total hours
recordkeepers recordkeeper records recordkeeping
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3.2.7 \2\..................... 1 1 1 16.............. 16
4.3 \3\....................... 2 1 2 0.75 (45 1.50
minutes).
3.4.2 \4\..................... 2 16 32 0.25 (15 8
minutes).
3.4.3.2 \5\................... 2 4 8 0.25 (15 2
minutes).
3.5.1 \6\..................... 2 0.50 1 0.50 (30 0.50
minutes).
3.5.2 \6\..................... 2 0.50 1 0.25 (15 0.25
minutes).
3.5.4......................... 2 1 2 0.17 (10 0.34
minutes).
3.6.4 \7\..................... 2 4 8 0.25 (15 2
minutes).
3.7 \7\....................... 4 2 8.0 0.08 (5 minutes) 0.64
4.2.3.2 \8\................... 2 25 50 0.17 (10 8.50
minutes).
4.2.3.2 \6\................... 2 0.50 1 0.17 (10 0.17
minutes).
4.2.3.3 and 4.3.2 \6\......... 2 0.50 1 0.17 (10 0.17
minutes).
4.3.1......................... 2 1 2 0.25 (15 0.50
minutes).
5.2 \9\....................... 2 6 12 0.08 (5 minutes) 0.96
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Total..................... .............. .............. .............. ................ 41.53
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\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of
information.
\2\ A one-time burden for new respondents to set up a recordkeeping system linking all relevant records. FDA is
using one new sponsor for estimation purposes.
\3\ FDA estimates there is minimal recordkeeping burden associated with maintaining the record system.
\4\ Monitoring for sentinel animals (subset representative of herd) plus all source animals. There are
approximately 6 sentinel animals per herd x 1 herd per facility x 4 facilities = 24 sentinel animals. There
are approximately 8 source animals per year (see footnote 7 of this table); 24 + 8 = 32 monitoring records to
document.
\5\ Necropsy for animal deaths of unknown cause estimated to be approximately 2 per herd per year x 1 herd per
facility x 4 facilities = 8.
\6\ Has not occurred in the past 3 years and is expected to continue to be a rare occurrence.
\7\ On overage 2 source animals are used for preparing xenotransplantation product material for one recipient.
The average number of source animals is 2 source animals per recipient x 4 recipients annually = 8 source
animals per year. (See footnote 5 of table 3 of this document.)
\8\ FDA estimate there re approximately 2 clinical centers doing xenotransplantation procedure x approximately
25 health care workers involved per center = 50 health care workers.
\9\ Eight source animal records + 4 recipient records = 12 total records.
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Table 6--Estimated Annual Third-Party Disclosure Burden \1\
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No. of
PHS Guideline section No. of disclosures Total annual Average burden Total hours
respondents per respondent disclosures per disclosure
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3.2.7.2 \2\................... 1 1 1 0.50 (30 0.50
minutes).
3.4 \3\....................... 4 0.50 2 0.08 (5 minutes) 0.16
3.5.1 \4\..................... 4 0.25 1 0.25 (15 0.25
minutes).
3.5.4 \5\..................... 4 1 4 0.50 (30 2
minutes).
3.5.5 \4\..................... 4 0.25 1 0.25 (15 0.25
minutes).
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Total..................... .............. .............. .............. ................ 3.16
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\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of
information.
\2\ FDA is using one animal facility or sponsor for estimation purposes.
\3\ FDA's records indicate that an average of two INDs is expected to be submitted per year.
\4\ To our knowledge, has not occurred in the past 3 years and is expected to continue to be a rare occurrence.
\5\ Based on an estimate of 12 patients treated over a 3-year period, the average number of xenotransplantation
produce recipients per year is estimated to be 4.
Because of the potential risk for cross-species transmission of pathogenic persistent virus, the guideline recommends that health records be retained for 50 years. Since these records are medical records, the retention of such records for up to 50 years is not information subject to the PRA (5 CFR 1320.3(h)(5)). Also, because of the limited number of clinical studies with small patient populations, the number of records is expected to be insignificant at this time.
Information collections in this guideline not included in tables 1 through 6 can be found under existing regulations and approved under the OMB control numbers as follows: (1) ``Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals,'' 21 CFR 211.1 through 211.208, approved under OMB control number 0910-0139; (2) ``Investigational New Drug Application,'' 21 CFR 312.1 through 312.160, approved under OMB control number 0910-0014; and; (3) information included in a biologics license application, 21 CFR 601.2, approved under OMB control number 0910-0338. (Although it is possible that a xenotransplantation product may not be regulated as a biological product (e.g., it may be regulated as a medical device), FDA believes, based on its knowledge and experience with xenotransplantation, that any xenotransplantation product subject to FDA regulation within the next 3 years will most likely be regulated as a biological product.) However, FDA recognized that some of the information collections go beyond approved collections; assessments for these burdens are included in tables 1 through 6.
In table 7 of this document, FDA identifies those collection of information activities that are already encompassed by existing regulations or are consistent with voluntary standards which reflect industry's usual and customary business practice.
Table 7--Collection of Information Required by Current Regulations and Standards
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Description of collection of information 21 CFR Section (unless
PHS Guideline section activity otherwise stated)
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2.2.1................................. Document offsite collaborations......... 312.52
2.5................................... Sponsor ensures counseling patient + 312.62(c)
family + contacts..
3.1.1 and 3.1.6....................... Document well-characterized health 312.23(a)(7)(a) and 211.84
history and lineage of source animals.
3.1.8................................. Registration with and import permit from 42 CFR 71.53
the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
3.2.2................................. Document collaboration with accredited 312.52
microbiology labs..
3.2.3................................. Procedures to ensure the humane care of 9 CFR parts 1, 2, and 3 and
animals.. PHS Policy \1\
3.2.4................................. Procedures consistent for accreditation AAALAC International Rules of
by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation \2\ and NRC
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care Guide \3\
International (AAALAC International)
and consistent with the National
Research Council's (NRC) Guide.
3.2.5, 3.4, and 3.4.1................. Herd health maintenance and surveillance 211.100 and 211.122
to be documented, available, and in
accordance with documented procedures;
record standard veterinary care.
3.2.6................................. Animal facility SOPs.................... PHS Policy \1\
3.3.3................................. Validate assay methods.................. 211.160(a)
3.6.1................................. Procurement and processing of xenografts 211.100 and 211.122
using documented aseptic conditions.
3.6.2................................. Develop, implement, and enforce SOPs for 211.84(d) and 211.122(c)
procurement and screening processes.
3.6.4................................. Communicate to FDA animal necropsy 312.32(c)
findings pertinent to health of
recipient.
3.7.1................................. PHS specimens to be linked to health 312.23(a)(6)
records; provide to FDA justification
for types of tissues, cells, and
plasma, and quantities of plasma and
leukocytes collected.
4.1.1................................. Surveillance of xenotransplant 312.23(a)(6)(iii)(f) and (g),
recipient; sponsor ensures and 312.62(b) and (c)
documentation of surveillance program
life-long (justify >2 years);
investigator case histories (2 years
after investigation is discontinued).
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4.1.2................................. Sponsor to justify amount and type of 211.122
reserve samples..
4.1.2.2............................... System for prompt retrieval of PHS 312.57(a)
specimens and linkage to medical
records (recipient and source animal).
4.1.2.3............................... Notify FDA of a clinical episode 312.32
potentially representing a xenogeneic
infection.
4.2.2.1............................... Document collaborations (transfer of 312.52
obligation)..
4.2.3.1............................... Develop educational materials (sponsor 312.50
provides investigators with information
needed to conduct investigation
properly)..
4.3................................... Sponsor to keep records of receipt, 312.57 and 312.62(b)
shipment, and disposition of
investigative drug; investigator to
keep records of case histories.
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\1\ The ``Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals'' (http://www.grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm).
\2\ AAALAC International Rules of Accreditation (http://www.aaalac.org/accreditation/rules.cfm).
\3\ The NRC's ``Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.''
Dated: October 22, 2012.
Leslie Kux,
Assistant Commissioner for Policy.
FR Doc. 2012-26494 Filed 10-26-12; 8:45 am
BILLING CODE 4160-01-P
