Proposed Establishment of the Upper Mississippi River Valley Viticultural Area (2007R-055P)
Federal Register: August 12, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 156)
Proposed Rules
Page 46842-46849
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
DOCID:fr12au08-19
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 27 CFR Part 9
Notice No. 88; Docket No. TTB-2008-0007
RIN 1513-AB40
Proposed Establishment of the Upper Mississippi River Valley
Viticultural Area (2007R-055P)
AGENCY: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
SUMMARY: The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau proposes to establish the 29,914-square mile ``Upper Mississippi River Valley''
American viticultural area in portions of southeast Minnesota, southwest Wisconsin, northwest Illinois, and northeast Iowa. We designate viticultural areas to allow vintners to better describe the origin of their wines and to allow consumers to better identify wines they may purchase. We invite comments on this proposed addition to our regulations.
DATES: We must receive written comments on or before October 14, 2008.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments on this notice to one of the following addresses: http://www.regulations.gov (via the online comment form for this notice as posted within Docket No. TTB-2008-0007 at
``Regulations.gov,'' the Federal e-rulemaking portal); or
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Director, Regulations and Rulings Division, Alcohol and
Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, P.O. Box 14412, Washington, DC 20044- 4412.
See the Public Participation section of this notice for specific instructions and requirements for submitting comments, and for information on how to request a public hearing.
You may view copies of this notice, selected supporting materials, and any comments we receive about this proposal at http:// www.regulations.gov within Docket No. TTB-2008-0007. A link to that docket is posted on the TTB Web site at http://www.ttb.gov/wine/wine_ rulemaking.shtml under Notice No. 88. You also may view copies of this notice, all related petitions, maps and other supporting materials, and any comments we receive about this proposal by appointment at the TTB
Information Resource Center, 1310 G Street, NW., Washington, DC 20220.
Please call 202-927-2400 to make an appointment.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: N.A. Sutton, Regulations and Rulings
Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 925 Lakeville St.,
No. 158, Petaluma, CA 94952; telephone 415-271-1254.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background on Viticultural Areas
TTB Authority
Section 105(e) of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act (FAA Act), 27 U.S.C. 205(e), authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe regulations for the labeling of wine, distilled spirits, and malt beverages. The FAA Act requires that these regulations, among other things, prohibit consumer deception and the use of misleading statements on labels, and ensure that labels provide the consumer with adequate information as to the identity and quality of the product. The
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) administers the regulations promulgated under the FAA Act.
Part 4 of the TTB regulations (27 CFR part 4) allows the establishment of definitive viticultural areas and the use of their names as appellations of origin on wine labels and in wine advertisements. Part 9 of the TTB regulations (27 CFR part 9) contains the list of approved viticultural areas.
Definition
Section 4.25(e)(1)(i) of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 4.25(e)(1)(i)) defines a viticultural area for American wine as a delimited grape- growing region distinguishable by geographical features, the boundaries of which have been recognized and defined in part 9 of the regulations.
These designations allow vintners and consumers to attribute a given quality, reputation, or other characteristic of a wine made from grapes grown in an area to its geographical origin. The establishment of viticultural areas allows vintners to describe more accurately the origin of their wines to consumers and helps consumers to identify wines they may purchase. Establishment of a viticultural area is neither an approval nor an endorsement by TTB of the wine produced in that area.
Requirements
Section 4.25(e)(2) of the TTB regulations outlines the procedure for proposing an American viticultural area and provides that any interested party may petition TTB to establish a grape-growing region as a viticultural area. Section 9.3(b) of the TTB regulations requires the petition to include--
Evidence that the proposed viticultural area is locally and/or nationally known by the name specified in the petition;
Historical or current evidence that supports setting the boundary of the proposed viticultural area as the petition specifies;
Evidence relating to the geographical features, such as climate, soils, elevation, and physical features that distinguish the proposed viticultural area from surrounding areas;
A description of the specific boundary of the proposed viticultural area, based on features found on United States Geological
Survey (USGS) maps; and
A copy of the appropriate USGS map(s) with the proposed viticultural area's boundary prominently marked.
Upper Mississippi River Valley Petition
The Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA Committee submitted a petition to TTB proposing the establishment of the 29,914-square mile
``Upper Mississippi River Valley'' American viticultural area in portions of southeast Minnesota, southwest Wisconsin, northwest
Illinois, and northeast Iowa. A map submitted with the petition indicates that the vineyards within the proposed viticultural area are geographically disbursed throughout the area. The established 28,000- acre (43.75-square mile) Lake Wisconsin viticultural area (27 CFR 9.146) located in Columbia and Dane Counties, Wisconsin, lies entirely within the eastern portion of the proposed viticultural area.
As indicated on the USGS maps included with the petition, the
Mississippi River runs north-to-south in the approximate middle of the proposed viticultural area. St. Paul, Minnesota, is the northernmost point of the proposed viticultural area and its southernmost point is north of Moline, Illinois. According to the petitioner, the Wisconsin ice age and the effects of glaciation on the region provide a basis for most of the distinguishing features of the proposed viticultural area.
We summarize below the supporting evidence submitted with the petition.
Name Evidence
According to the petitioner, the Upper Mississippi River Wildlife and Fish Refuge Act of 1924 provides a historical perspective in support of the ``Upper Mississippi River Valley'' name and its boundaries. The Act established what later would be known as the Upper
Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge, an area that
Congress created to reflect the unique habitat of the Paleozoic Plateau
(see ``Regional Land Management'' below). The petition documentation includes references citing the Upper Mississippi River Valley name relevant to the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish
Refuge. The petitioner documents the use of the Upper Mississippi River
Valley name in Federal and public Web sources.
A page on the USGS Web site, ``Status and Trends of the Nation's
Biological Resources, Part 2, Regional Trends of Biological
Resources,'' (http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/index.htm) includes a section on the Mississippi River. The ``Geography, Geological History, and Human Development'' subsection explains the glacial history of the
Upper Mississippi River. The Wisconsin Glacier retreating into Canada and melting is described as follows: ``The Upper Mississippi River valley then began filling with glacial outwash, mainly sand and gravel, a process that is still under way * * *. The Upper Mississippi River valley widens considerably where it joins the Minnesota River, 13 kilometers downstream from St. Anthony Falls * * *.'' The petitioner explains that at St. Anthony Falls the Mississippi River headwaters join the northern boundary of the Upper Mississippi River Valley.
Regarding the history of the valley, a page on the National Park
Service Web site (http://www.nps.gov/efmo/parks/hist.htm) states that
``The Upper Mississippi River valley was not only the home of prehistoric Indians for thousands of years, but also has been the scene for over 300 years of recorded human history as well. Early explorers found the area along the big river
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occupied by groups of Native Americans.''
The May 6, 1997, NOVA broadcast entitled ``Flood!'' described the 1993 flooding of the Upper Mississippi River Valley. It included an interview with Lynn House of Quincy, Illinois. She and her husband own 1,400 acres along the Mississippi River. Mrs. House said that during the flooding of 1993 her husband exclaimed, ``Levees are going to break like guitar strings, up and down the Upper Mississippi River Valley!''
``Twelve Millennia: Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi River
Valley,'' by James Theler and Robert Boszhardt (2003, Iowa State
University Press), provides an overview of the 12,000-year-old human past of the Driftless Area of the Upper Mississippi River Valley, according to a description of the book on www.amazon.com. The Driftless
Area extends from Rock Island Rapids, in the Moline-Rock Island,
Illinois, area, north to St. Anthony Falls in the Minneapolis-St. Paul,
Minnesota, area. (It comprises areas that were excluded from glacial transport of sediments and other materials.) The petitioner notes that the Driftless Area roughly corresponds to the boundary of the proposed
Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area.
The ``Upper Mississippi River Valley: A Personal Web Site and
Guide,'' at http://soli.inav.net/~atkinson/k/UpperMissRiver.htm, has scenic photographs and information on local tourism, parks and natural areas, cities and towns, books, and shopping in the Upper Mississippi
River Valley.
Boundary Evidence
The proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area covers 29,914 square miles, averaging 120 miles east to west and 225 miles north to south, according to the USGS maps provided with the petition. The headwaters of the Mississippi River start at Lake Itasca in northwest Minnesota and continue to St. Anthony Falls in
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, the petitioner explains.
According to the USGS maps included with the petition, the proposed northern boundary of the Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area coincides with the landmark St. Anthony Falls. The proposed southern portion of the boundary extends west from north of Moline,
Illinois, at Lock and Dam 14 on the Mississippi River, to Tiffin, Iowa.
The USGS maps show that the proposed easternmost point of the proposed boundary is in Janesville, Wisconsin, and the westernmost point is along Minnesota State Highway 56 in Coates, Minnesota, south of St.
Paul.
To define the proposed boundary of the Upper Mississippi River
Valley viticultural area, the petitioner provided a written boundary description and USGS State maps for Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and
Iowa. The petitioner also provided Anamosa and Marshalltown, Iowa, regional maps, which show highways in more detail.
States and Counties
The table below lists the counties in four states that are either totally or partially within the boundary of the proposed Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area.
Counties in the Proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley Viticultural Area
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Illinois
Iowa
-
Dakota
Buffalo
Carroll
Allamakee 2.............................. Dodge
Clark
Jo Davies
Black Hawk 3.............................. Fillmore
Columbia
Lee
Bremer 4.............................. Goodhue
Crawford
Ogle
Buchanan 5.............................. Houston
Dane
Rock Island
Cedar 6.............................. Mower
Dunn
Stephenson
Chickasaw 7.............................. Olmstead
Eau Claire
Whiteside
Clayton 8.............................. Wabasha
Grant
Winnebago
Clinton 9.............................. Washington
Green
.................. Delaware 10............................. Winona
Iowa
.................. Dubuque 11............................. ................... Jackson
.................. Fayette 12............................. ................... Juneau
.................. Howard 13............................. ................... La Crosse
.................. Jackson 14............................. ................... La Fayette
.................. Johnson 15............................. ................... Monroe
.................. Jones 16............................. ................... Pepin
.................. Linn 17............................. ................... Pierce
.................. Scott 18............................. ................... Richland
.................. Winneshiek 19............................. ................... Rock 20............................. ................... Sauk 21............................. ................... St. Croix 22............................. ................... Trempealeau 23............................. ................... Vernon
Regional History
The petitioner explains that European explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet first entered the Upper Mississippi River Valley on
June 17, 1673. The Louisiana Purchase and the resolution of the Black
Hawk War in 1832 served to open the area to settlers from the eastern states.
According to the petitioner, native grape varieties in the Upper
Mississippi River Valley thrived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1919, Iowa produced the sixth largest grape crop in the
United States. However, prohibition, severe freezes, droughts, and wind drift from some crop sprays caused native viticulture to dwindle throughout much of the 20th century within the proposed viticultural area. The disease- and cold-resistant French-American grape hybrids and crop spray improvements developed during the 20th century resulted in renewed confidence in grape growing as an industry in the Upper
Mississippi River Valley region.
Regional Land Management
The petitioner explains that two management areas, Major Land
Resource Area (MLRA) 105 and the Driftless Area Initiative (DAI), help to define the proposed viticultural area. The United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), oversees
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the management of MLRAs. MLRA 105 comprises the Paleozoic Plateau, which more recent glacial incursions surrounded, bypassed, and preserved as a rugged, bedrock-controlled environment with soils lacking the glacial drift of areas outside the MLRA boundary. Thus, it encompasses a vast area that has similar soils, climate, water resources, and land uses. It includes portions of four states:
Southeastern Minnesota, southwestern Wisconsin, northeastern Iowa, and northwestern Illinois. It roughly corresponds to the boundary of, but is 4 percent smaller than, the proposed viticultural area.
The DAI, according to the petitioner, comprises the Midwest
Driftless Area with its atypical lack of glacial till. It was created and is managed conjointly by the Resource Conservation and Development
Councils under the NRCS in the four-state area. The DAI is mandated to conserve land, water, and habitat resources that are strongly influenced by the dramatic landscape. In some areas the DAI boundary slightly extends beyond the MLRA 105 boundary to more fully capture included watersheds and transitional areas of increasing glacial drift.
The petitioner uses State and interstate highways to define the boundary of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area. The highways are marked on the USGS maps and form a boundary that comprises these important, interrelated components of the proposed viticultural area: The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and
Fish Refuge, the Paleozoic Plateau, MLRA 105, the Driftless Area, and the Upper Mississippi River watershed.
According to the petitioner, the proposed Upper Mississippi River
Valley viticultural area includes steep-sided cliffs, bluffs, deeply entrenched stream valleys, and karst features. It has more hills, ridges, areas of thinner glacial till, and thus better drainage for grapes than areas outside the proposed boundary. Outside the proposed boundary, the topography consists of smoother landforms of unconsolidated materials, glacial drift that is thicker than that within the proposed boundary, and alluvium.
The petitioner explains that how the Mississippi River is divided varies among individuals, commercial entities, and public agencies. The petitioner notes that ``* * * the Mississippi River, sometimes in conjunction with its valley, is discussed as having upper and lower segments.'' Others, however, refer to the upper, middle, and lower
Mississippi.
The petitioner explains further that the southern boundary line of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area correlates with the southern border of the Upper Mississippi Fish and
Wildlife Refuge established in 1924. The Wapsipinicon River watershed closely parallels the eastern and southern boundary lines of the proposed viticultural area. Interstate Highway 80, which serves as a portion of the southern boundary line of the proposed viticultural area, approximates the Wapsipinicon River watershed boundary line.
The petitioner explains that the southern boundary of the proposed viticultural area correlates with the southern boundary of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone 4b. Also, based on research information provided by Professor Paul Domoto, PhD, Department of
Horticulture, Iowa State University, the average minimum winter temperatures within the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area are -15 to -20 degrees F. To the south, they are -10 to -15 degrees F.
According to the petitioner, the southern portion of the boundary of the proposed viticultural area continues for a few miles south of the established southern portion of the boundary of MLRA 105. Also, the western portion of the boundary of the proposed viticultural area includes a portion of the adjacent MLRA 104 to encompass the entire watershed of the Wapsipinicon River, a primary tributary of the Upper
Mississippi River.
Lake Wisconsin AVA (27 CFR 9.146)
The proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area includes the established 28,000-acre Lake Wisconsin viticultural area, the petitioner explains. The Wisconsin River, which forms Lake
Wisconsin, is a major tributary to the Upper Mississippi River.
The petitioner states that the Lake Wisconsin viticultural area is comprised of soil orders and Driftless Area topography similar to those of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area.
Regarding the Lake Wisconsin viticultural area, which has a few glacial deposits at the higher elevations, according to the petitioner, geologists view that area as a transitional glacial area. (The original
Lake Wisconsin viticultural area (T.D. ATF-352, 59 FR 537, January 5, 1994) describes the area as a transitional zone between the glaciated topography to its east and the unglaciated, driftless topography to its west.)
Distinguishing Features
The petitioner asserts that the distinguishing features of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area include its geology, unglaciated topography, climate, soils, and hydrology. The
Wisconsin ice age affected the region and provided a basis for most of the distinguishing features of the proposed viticultural area, specifically topography, soils, and hydrology.
Geology
The petitioner explains that a significant event in the geologic history of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area was the impact of the massive Wisconsin Glacier during the
Wisconsin ice age. The glacier, which had lobes in Minnesota and Iowa, started melting 15,000 years ago and retreated northward toward Canada.
The resulting glacial water flows combined with the Glacial St. Croix
River and drained Glacial Lake Duluth, known now as Lake Superior. The relatively sediment-free drainage of Glacial Lake Duluth helped carve the Upper Mississippi River Valley channel to a depth of about 250 meters, or 820 feet. Eventually, alluvial deposits started refilling the river channel, beginning a process that has continued into modern times.
According to the petitioner, the development of the Upper
Mississippi River impacted the regional topography and landforms. The tributary valleys include terraces, older flood plain deposits, and entrenched and hanging meanders (streams). These features show the complexity of the alluvial history and river development associated with glacial melting and drainage diversions.
The petitioner states that surface materials, especially along the
Paleozoic Plateau, date to 100,000 years in age. The younger materials that are outside the proposed boundary and that are largely the result of glacial erosion and glacial till date to 10,000 years in age, or 90,000 years younger than the surface materials on the Paleozoic
Plateau.
The petitioner explains that streams in the proposed Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area cut deep dissections through the inclined landforms and exposed Paleozoic rock. The exposed rock, which varies in age from 350 to 600 million years old, is predominantly dolomite, limestone, and sandstone.
Topography
The Driftless Area of the Upper Mississippi River Valley has a unique
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topography and subsurface structure because a direct glacial incursion did not occur in that area during the most recent Wisconsin ice age, the petitioner explains. Consequently, the topography does not have substantial amounts of materials deposited by glaciers. The petitioner notes that the proposed boundary divides the rugged, dissected, bedrock-controlled landscapes within the Upper Mississippi River Valley from the gently rolling landscapes that have lower relief and glaciated, erosional surfaces and that are outside the valley.
Bedrock control in the proposed area, the petitioner explains, refers to the entrenched valleys and karst that constitute an integrated drainage network. The karst topography of the proposed viticultural area includes underground caves, sinkholes, springs, and subsurface caverns. According to the petitioner, rivers and underground water flows are general features throughout the proposed Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, which has none of the natural lakes that direct glacial movement normally creates. Outside the boundary of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, the petitioner continues, the topography consists of unconsolidated, heavily dissected soil material along substantial deposits of glacial materials on smooth, rolling hills.
The elevations of the Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, the petitioner states, range from 660 feet on valley floors to 1,310 feet on high ridges. Outside the boundary of the proposed viticultural area, elevations average 250 feet higher to the northwest and 165 feet lower to the southeast.
The petitioner explains that north of the boundary of the proposed
Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, loess covers the level-to-rolling till plains. Elevations change little on the plains.
East of the boundary of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, the landscape is dominated by a glaciated plain that has belts of morainic hills, ridges, and washout terraces. (TTB notes that morainic hills are accumulations of soil and stones that glacial activity has left.) Also, elevations generally vary several feet, except for the 80- to 330-foot-high moraines, drumlins, and bedrock escarpments.
South of the boundary of the proposed Upper Mississippi River
Valley viticultural area are rolling, hilly, loess-covered plains and some broad, level uplands in the southwest region. Elevations there also generally vary by only several feet, except on the upland flats, where elevation changes up to 200 feet.
West of the boundary of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area the landscape is a nearly level to gently sloping till plain. Elevations generally vary by several feet.
Soils
The soils common to the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, the petitioner states, are stony or rocky soils on steep slopes. The petitioner provides comparative soil data for the proposed viticultural area and the surrounding regions. The data, which show differences and similarities of the soils, are listed in the table below.
Differences and Similarities of the Soils Within and Outside of the Upper Mississippi River Valley
Temperature and
Mineralogy, soil depth,
Location *
Dominant soil orders
moisture regimes
drainage, and texture
Within............................... Alfisols, Entisols, and Mesic, Udic............ Mixed mineralogy;
Mollisols.
moderately deep to very deep; well drained or moderately well drained; loamy with little clay.
North Outside........................ Entisols, Alfisols,
Frigid, Udic........... Mixed mineralogy;
Histosols, Spodosols,
moderately deep to and Inceptisols.
very deep; well drained to poorly drained; sandy to loamy.
East Outside......................... Alfisols, Histosols,
Mesic, Udic............ Mixed mineralogy; very and Mollisols.
deep; well drained to poorly drained; silty, loamy, or clayey.
South Outside........................ Mollisols, Alfisols,
Mesic, Udic............ Mixed mineralogy; very
Entisols, and
deep; well drained to
Inceptisols.
poorly drained; loamy.
West Outside......................... Mollisols and Alfisols. Mesic, Udic............ Mixed mineralogy; very deep; well drained to very poorly drained; loamy.
* In relation to the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area.
The petitioner explains that within the boundary of the proposed
Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, Argiudolls (Tama,
Dodgeville, Richwood, and Dakota series) and Hapludolls (Muscatine series) are on nearly level to gently sloping benches and broad ridge tops. Hapludolls (Frontenac, Broadale, and Bellechester series) are on steep slopes bordering major valleys. Well drained Udifluvents
(Dorchester, Chaseburg, and Arenzville series) are along stream bottoms. Quartzipsamments (Boone series) are on steep slopes. Also,
Udipsamments (Plainfield and Gotham series) are on nearly level stream benches.
Overall, the soils on steep hills and ridges and those formed in comparatively thinner glacial till within the proposed viticultural area have good natural drainage for grapes. Although they have much clay, generally they have access to water and in numerous areas are on south-facing slopes, creating microclimates beneficial to grapes. The soils outside the proposed boundary generally formed in deeply dissected, thicker glacial drift and alluvium over unconsolidated materials on smooth, gently rolling landscapes. After precipitation they require tile drainage because of glacial pools and the generally lower relief.
Climate
The petitioner states that steep slopes, bluffs, numerous rock outcrops, waterfalls and rapids, sinkholes, springs, and entrenched stream valleys combine to create multiple microclimates within the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area. Also, the combination of microclimates and diverse settings supports varied flora and fauna communities not found outside the boundary of the proposed viticultural area.
The petitioner provides temperature and precipitation data for the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area and its surrounding regions. Those climatic differences are presented in the table below.
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Temperature and Precipitation for Within and Outside of the Upper Mississippi River Valley
Amount of annual
Annual average
Annual average
Annual average
average
Location *
temperature range frost-free period precipitation
precipitation
(degrees
(days)
(inches)
received during the
Fahrenheit)
growing season
Within...........................
42-50
145-205
30-38 \2/3\ or more.
North Outside....................
40-46
135-180
27-33 Most.
East Outside.....................
43-48
150-190
30-38 Most.
South Outside....................
46-51
170-205
33-38 Most.
West Outside.....................
44-50
160-195
29-37 More than \2/3\.
* In relation to the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area.
According to petition data, the proposed Upper Mississippi River
Valley viticultural area has, on average, a warmer annual temperature range than that of the surrounding locations to the north and east. In the areas to south and west, the annual average temperature range is several degrees higher than that in the proposed viticultural area.
The annual average frost-free period within the proposed Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area is longer than that in the area to the north and shorter than that in the area to the south, according to petition data. The range of the annual frost-free period in the proposed viticultural area is greater than in the neighboring areas to the east and west.
The petition data show the precipitation range of the proposed
Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area as compared to that in the surrounding areas. The annual average precipitation range is higher in the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area than in the area to its north. The areas to the south, west, and east receive approximately the same annual average precipitation, in the same pattern, as the proposed viticultural area. The precipitation during the growing season is greater in the areas to the north, south, and east than in the proposed viticultural area, and approximately the same in the area to the west of the proposed viticultural area.
Hydrology
The petitioner provides hydrological data that show the growing conditions, including the relationship between the soils and the hydrological characteristics of the proposed Upper Mississippi River
Valley viticultural area and its surrounding regions. The hydrological data are presented in the table below.
Hydrological Data and Drainage Needed for Crop Production Within and Outside of the Upper Mississippi River
Valley
Soils and crop
Location *
Ground water
Other resources
production
Within............................... Abundant in valleys and Use of springs,
Minimal need for a tile variable on uplands.
streams, and farm
drainage system in ponds, and extensive
soils. use of bedrock aquifers.
Outside North........................ Abundant in deep
Lakes and streams...... Artificial drainage glacial drift
required for soils on deposits, but scarce
lowlands. in thin ones.
Outside East......................... Abundant in areas
Inland lakes, streams, Artificial drainage underlain by drift.
and sandstone and
required for fine- limestone bedrock
textured soils with formations below the
poor drainage. glacial drift.
Outside South........................ Abundant in areas of
Perennial streams and
Favorable precipitation glacial drift.
the Mississippi River. pattern; drainage not required.
Outside West......................... Adequate............... Extensive use of
Artificial drainage bedrock aquifers.
required for the seasonal high water table.
* In relation to the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area.
In most years the moderate precipitation of the proposed Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area, the petitioner explains, is usually adequate for both the human population and agriculture. Ground water, the petitioner states, remains abundant in outwash deposits of valleys, but on uplands it varies in quantity. Bedrock aquifers also provide extensive ground water resources within the proposed viticultural area and in the area to its west.
TTB Determination
TTB concludes that this petition to establish the 29,914-square- mile Upper Mississippi River Valley American viticultural area merits consideration and public comment as invited in this notice.
Boundary Description
See the narrative boundary description of the petitioned-for viticultural area in the proposed regulatory text published at the end of this notice.
Maps
The petitioner provided the required maps, and we list them below in the proposed regulatory text.
Impact on Current Wine Labels
Part 4 of the TTB regulations prohibits any label reference on a wine that indicates or implies an origin other than the wine's true place of origin. If we establish this proposed viticultural area, its name, ``Upper Mississippi River Valley,'' will be recognized under 27
CFR 4.39(i)(3) as a name of viticultural significance. The text of the proposed regulation clarifies this point.
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Consequently, wine bottlers using ``Upper Mississippi River Valley'' in a brand name, including a trademark, or in another label reference as to the origin of the wine, will have to ensure that the product is eligible to use the viticultural area's name as an appellation of origin.
For a wine to be eligible to use a viticultural area name as an appellation of origin or a term of viticultural significance in a brand name, at least 85 percent of the wine must be derived from grapes grown within the area represented by that name or other term, and the wine must meet the other conditions listed in 27 CFR 4.25(e)(3). If the wine is not eligible to use the viticultural area name as an appellation of origin and that name or other term of viticultural significance appears in the brand name, then the label is not in compliance and the bottler must change the brand name and obtain approval of a new label.
Similarly, if the viticultural area name or other term of viticultural significance appears in another reference on the label in a misleading manner, the bottler would have to obtain approval of a new label.
Accordingly, if a previously approved label uses the name ``Upper
Mississippi River Valley'' for a wine that does not meet the 85 percent standard, the previously approved label will be subject to revocation upon the effective date of the approval of the Upper Mississippi River
Valley viticultural area.
Different rules apply if a wine has a brand name containing a viticultural area name or other term of viticultural significance that was used as a brand name on a label approved before July 7, 1986. See 27 CFR 4.39(i)(2) for details.
Public Participation
Comments Invited
We invite comments from interested members of the public on whether we should establish the proposed viticultural area. We are interested in receiving comments on the sufficiency and accuracy of the name, climatic, boundary, and other required information submitted in support of the petition. Please provide any available specific information in support of your comments.
Because of the potential impact of the establishment of the proposed Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area on wine labels that include the words ``Upper Mississippi River Valley'' as discussed above under Impact on Current Wine Labels, we are particularly interested in comments regarding whether there will be a conflict between the proposed area name and currently used brand names.
If a commenter believes that a conflict will arise, the comment should describe the nature of that conflict, including any anticipated negative economic impact that approval of the proposed viticultural area will have on an existing viticultural enterprise. We are particularly interested in any comments on whether the evidence regarding name and distinguishing geographical features is sufficient to warrant the establishment of this new viticultural area that entirely encompasses the existing Lake Wisconsin viticultural area. We are also interested in receiving suggestions for ways to avoid conflicts, for example, by adopting a modified or different name for the viticultural area.
Submitting Comments
You may submit comments on this notice by using one of the following two methods:
Federal e-Rulemaking Portal: You may send comments via the online comment form posted with this notice within Docket No. TTB-2008- 0007 on ``Regulations.gov,'' the Federal e-rulemaking portal, at http:/
/www.regulations.gov. A direct link to that docket is available under
Notice No. 88 on the TTB Web site at http://www.ttb.gov/wine/wine_ rulemaking.shtml. Supplemental files may be attached to comments submitted via Regulations.gov. For complete instructions on how to use
Regulations.gov, visit the site and click on ``User Guide'' under ``How to Use this Site.''
U.S. Mail: You may send comments via postal mail to the
Director, Regulations and Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and
Trade Bureau, P.O. Box 14412, Washington, DC 20044-4412.
Please submit your comments by the closing date shown above in this notice. Your comments must reference Notice No. 88 and include your name and mailing address. Your comments also must be made in English, be legible, and be written in language acceptable for public disclosure. We do not acknowledge receipt of comments, and we consider all comments as originals.
If you are commenting on behalf of an association, business, or other entity, your comment must include the entity's name as well as your name and position title. If you comment via Regulations.gov, please enter the entity's name in the ``Organization'' blank of the online comment form. If you comment via postal mail, please submit your entity's comment on letterhead.
You may also write to the Administrator before the comment closing date to ask for a public hearing. The Administrator reserves the right to determine whether to hold a public hearing.
Confidentiality
All submitted comments and attachments are part of the public record and subject to disclosure. Do not enclose any material in your comments that you consider to be confidential or inappropriate for public disclosure.
Public Disclosure
We will post, and you may view, copies of this notice, selected supporting materials, and any online or mailed comments we receive about this proposal within Docket No. TTB-2008-0007 on the Federal e- rulemaking portal, Regulations.gov, at http://www.regulations.gov. A direct link to that docket is available on the TTB Web site at http:// www.ttb.gov/wine/wine_rulemaking.shtml under Notice No. 88. You may also reach the relevant docket through the Regulations.gov search page at http://www.regulations.gov. For instructions on how to use
Regulations.gov, visit the site and click on ``User Guide'' under ``How to Use this Site.''
All posted comments will display the commenter's name, organization
(if any), city, and State, and, in the case of mailed comments, all address information, including e-mail addresses. We may omit voluminous attachments or material that we consider unsuitable for posting.
You also may view copies of this notice, all related petitions, maps and other supporting materials, and any electronic or mailed comments we receive about this proposal by appointment at the TTB
Information Resource Center, 1310 G Street, NW., Washington, DC 20220.
You may also obtain copies at 20 cents per 8.5- x 11-inch page. Contact our information specialist at the above address or by telephone at 202- 927-2400 to schedule an appointment or to request copies of comments or other materials.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
We certify that this proposed regulation, if adopted, would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The proposed regulation imposes no new reporting, recordkeeping, or other administrative requirement. Any benefit derived from the use of a viticultural area name would be the result of a proprietor's efforts and consumer acceptance of wines from that area.
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Therefore, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required.
Executive Order 12866
This proposed rule is not a significant regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866. Therefore, it requires no regulatory assessment.
Drafting Information
N.A. Sutton of the Regulations and Rulings Division drafted this notice.
List of Subjects in 27 CFR Part 9
Wine.
Proposed Regulatory Amendment
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, we propose to amend title 27, chapter 1, part 9, Code of Federal Regulations, as follows:
PART 9--AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS 1. The authority citation for part 9 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 27 U.S.C. 205.
Subpart C--Approved American Viticultural Areas 2. Amend subpart C by adding Sec. 9.------ to read as follows:
Sec. 9.------ Upper Mississippi River Valley.
(a) Name. The name of the viticultural area described in this section is ``Upper Mississippi River Valley''. For purposes of part 4 of this chapter, ``Upper Mississippi River Valley'' is a term of viticultural significance.
(b) Approved maps. The six United States Geological Survey topographic maps used to determine the boundary of the Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area are titled:
(1) State of Minnesota, scale 1:500,000; compiled in 1963; edition of 1985;
(2) State of Wisconsin, scale 1:500,000; compiled in 1966; edition of 1984;
(3) State of Illinois, scale 1:500,000; compiled in 1970; edition of 1987;
(4) State of Iowa, scale 1:500,000; compiled in 1965; edition of 1984;
(5) Anamosa, Iowa, 1:100,000 scale; edited 1984; and
(6) Marshalltown, Iowa, 1:100,000 scale; edited 1984.
(c) Boundary. The Upper Mississippi River Valley viticultural area is located in portions of southeast Minnesota, southwest Wisconsin, northwest Illinois, and northeast Iowa. The boundary of the Upper
Mississippi River Valley viticultural area is as described below:
(1) The beginning point is on the State of Minnesota map at the intersection of Interstate Highways 94 and 494 (beltway), east of St.
Paul at Oakbury in Washington County. From the beginning point, proceed east on Interstate 94, crossing over Lake St. Croix and onto the State of Wisconsin map at St. Croix County, and then continuing through Dunn
County to Eau Claire County, to the intersection of Interstate Highway 94 with Wisconsin State Highway 85, southwest of the City of Eau
Claire; then
(2) Proceed northeast on Wisconsin State Highway 85 toward the City of Eau Claire to its intersection with U.S. Highway 12; then
(3) Proceed southeast on U.S. Highway 12 into Jackson County and passing through Clark County, to its intersection with Interstate
Highway 94 at Black River Falls; then
(4) Proceed southeast on Interstate Highway 94 into Monroe County to its intersection with Interstate Highway 90, east of the Fort McCoy
Military Reservation; then
(5) Proceed southeast on Interstate Highway 90 through Juneau,
Sauk, Columbia, Dane, and Rock Counties, crossing onto the State of
Illinois map at Winnebago County to its intersection with U.S. Highway 20 at Cherry Valley; then
(6) Proceed west on U.S. Highway 20 to its intersection with
Illinois State Highway 2, west of the Rock River; then
(7) Proceed southwest on Illinois State Highway 2, passing through
Ogle County and into Lee County, to its intersection with Illinois
State Highway 26 at Dixon; then
(8) Proceed south on Illinois State Highway 26 to its intersection with Illinois State Highway 5 (which has been redesignated as
Interstate Highway 88 on contemporary maps of Illinois); then
(9) Proceed southwest on Illinois State Highway 5 (Interstate
Highway 88), passing through Whiteside County and into Rock Island
County, to its intersection with Interstate Highway 80 at Barstow; then
(10) Proceed generally northwest on Interstate Highway 80, crossing the Mississippi River, onto the State of Iowa map at Scott County, and continuing west-northwest through Cedar County and into Johnson County to the intersection of Interstate Highways 80 and 380 at Tiffin; then
(11) Proceed north-northwest on Interstate Highway 380 into Linn
County and Cedar Rapids on the State of Iowa map. Then using the
Anamosa map, followed by the Marshalltown map, follow Interstate
Highway 380, labeled ``Under Construction'' on the Anamosa map, northwest through Benton and Buchanan Counties to Black Hawk County, to its intersection with U.S. Highway 20, southeast of Waterloo and
Raymond; then
(12) Using the State of Iowa map, proceed west-northwest on U.S.
Highway 20 to Waterloo and its intersection with U.S. Highway 63; then
(13) Proceed north on U.S. Highway 63 through Bremer, Chicksaw, and
Howard Counties, skirting the Upper Iowa River at Chester, and crossing onto the State of Minnesota map at Fillmore County, to its intersection with Minnesota State Highway 56; then
(14) Proceed northwest and northerly on Minnesota State Highway 56 through Mower, Dodge, and Goodhue Counties to Dakota County, where it joins with State Highway 52 on commercial maps, to its intersection with the Interstate Highway 494 (beltway), south of St. Paul; then
(15) Follow Interstate Highway 494 (beltway) northeast into
Washington County, returning to the beginning point.
Signed: June 6, 2008.
John J. Manfreda,
Administrator.
Editorial Note: This document was received in the Office of the
Federal Register on August 6, 2008.
FR Doc. E8-18535 Filed 8-11-08; 8:45 am
BILLING CODE 4810-31-P
