Waivers from Residential Dishwasher Test Procedures:
Federal Register: March 30, 2011 (Volume 76, Number 61)
Notices
Page 17639-17642
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
DOCID:fr30mr11-49
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Case No. DW-005
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Notice of
Petition for Waiver of BSH Corporation From the Department of Energy
Residential Dishwasher Test Procedure, and Grant of Interim Waiver
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of petition for waiver, notice of grant of interim waiver, and request for comments.
SUMMARY: This notice announces receipt of and publishes the BSH
Corporation (BSH) petition for waiver (hereafter, ``petition'') from specified portions of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) test procedure for determining the energy consumption of dishwashers.
Today's notice also grants an interim waiver of the dishwasher test procedure. Through this notice, DOE also solicits comments with respect to the BSHpetition.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information with respect to the BSHpetition until, but no later than April 29, 2011.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by case number DW-004, by any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: AS_Waiver_Requests@ee.doe.gov. Include the case number [Case No. DW-005] in the subject line of the message.
Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, Petition for Waiver Case
No. DW-005, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121.
Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one signed original paper copy.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW.,
Suite 600, Washington, DC 20024. Please submit one signed original paper copy.
Docket: For access to the docket to review the background documents relevant to this matter, you may visit the U.S. Department of Energy, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., (Resource Room of the Building Technologies
Program), Washington, DC 20024; (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Available documents include the following items: (1) This notice; (2) public comments received; (3) the petition for waiver and application for interim waiver; and (4) prior DOE rulemakings and waivers regarding similar dish washers. Please call Ms. Brenda Edwards at the above telephone number for additional information regarding visiting the
Resource Room.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Michael G. Raymond, U.S.
Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, Mail Stop EE-2J,
Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-9611. E-mail:
Michael.Raymond@ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Elizabeth Kohl, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, Mail Stop GC-71, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0103. Telephone: (202) 586-7796. E- mail: Elizabeth.Kohl@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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Background and Authority
Title III, Part B of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975
(EPCA), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309, as codified) established the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles, a program covering most major household appliances, which includes dishwashers.\1\ Part B includes definitions, test procedures, labeling provisions, energy conservation standards, and the authority to require information and reports from manufacturers.
Further, Part B authorizes the Secretary of Energy to prescribe test procedures that are reasonably designed to produce results which measure energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated operating costs, and that are not unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
The test procedure for dishwashers is contained in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix C.
\1\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was re-designated Part A.
The regulations set forth in 10 CFR 430.27 contain provisions that enable a person to seek a waiver from the test procedure requirements for covered consumer products. A waiver will be granted by the
Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (the
Assistant Secretary) if it is determined that the basic model for which the petition for waiver was submitted contains one or more design characteristics that prevents testing of the basic model according to the prescribed test procedures, or if the prescribed test procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data. 10 CFR 430.27(l). Petitioners must include in their petition any alternate test procedures known to the petitioner to evaluate the basic model in a manner representative of its energy consumption. 10 CFR 430.27(b)(1)(iii). The Assistant Secretary may grant the waiver subject to conditions, including adherence to alternate test procedures. 10 CFR 430.27(l). Waivers remain in effect pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR 430.27(m).
The waiver process also allows the Assistant Secretary to grant an interim waiver from test procedure requirements to manufacturers that have petitioned DOE for a waiver of such prescribed test procedures. 10
CFR 430.27(a)(2) An interim waiver remains in effect for 180 days or until DOE issues its determination on the petition for waiver, whichever is sooner. An interim waiver may be extended for an additional 180 days. 10 CFR 430.27(h)
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Petition for Waiver
On January 11, 2011, BSH filed a petition for waiver and application for interim waiver from the test procedure applicable to dishwashers set forth in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix C. BSH states that ``hard'' water can reduce customer satisfaction with dishwasher performance resulting in increased pre-rinsing and/or hand washing as well as increased detergent and rinse agent usage. According to BSH, a dishwasher equipped with a water softener will minimize pre- rinsing and rewashing, and consumers will have less reason to periodically run their dishwasher through a clean-up cycle.
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BSH also states that the amount of water consumed by the regeneration operation of a water softener in a dishwasher is very small, but that it varies significantly depending on the adjustment of the softener. The regeneration operation takes place infrequently, and the frequency is related to the level of water hardness. BSH included test results and calculations showing water and energy use very similar to that supplied by Whirlpool in its petition for waiver, which was granted by DOE. (75 FR 62127, Oct. 7, 2010). BSH states that the water used in the regeneration process is for the purpose of softening water rather than cleaning dishes. Therefore, according to BSH, this water and energy should not be included in the energy usage figures for washing dishes. BSH suggests a similar approach as used in EN 50242. EN 50242 does not include the water or energy used in the water softening process in the dishwasher energy consumption calculation.
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Application for Interim Waiver
BSH also requests an interim waiver for particular basic models with integrated water softeners. An interim waiver may be granted if it is determined that the applicant will experience economic hardship if the application for interim waiver is denied, if it appears likely that the petition for waiver will be granted, and/or the Assistant Secretary determines that it would be desirable for public policy reasons to grant immediate relief pending a determination of the petition for waiver. (10 CFR 430.27(g))
DOE determined that BSH's application for interim waiver does not provide sufficient market, equipment price, shipments, and other manufacturer impact information to permit DOE to evaluate the economic hardship BSH might experience absent a favorable determination on its application for interim waiver. DOE understands, however, that the current test procedure may not predict accurately the water and energy consumption of its line of dishwashers with a built-in water softener.
Based on the information provided by BSH and Whirlpool, DOE determined that the test results may provide materially inaccurate comparative data.
BSH provided the European Standard EN 50242, ``Electric Dishwashers for Household Use--Methods for Measuring the Performance,'' as an alternate test procedure. This standard excludes water use due to softener regeneration from its water use efficiency measure. Use of EN 50242 would provide repeatable results, but would underestimate the energy and water use of these models. If water consumption of a regeneration operation were apportioned across all cycles of operation, manufacturers would need to make calculations regarding average water hardness and average water consumptions due to regeneration operations that are not currently provided for in the test procedure. In lieu of these calculations, constant values could be used to approximate the energy and water use due to softener regeneration. In its petition, BSH estimated that, on average, 23.78 gallons/year of water and 4.04 kWh/ year would be consumed in softener regeneration. These values are based on internal testing conducted by BSH, and are very close to Whirlpool's values of 23 gallons/year and 4 kWh/year. Therefore, in the interim waiver, DOE adds the same constant values as in the Whirlpool waiver to the energy and water consumption measured by appendix C.
DOE believes it is likely that BSH's petition for waiver will be granted because DOE granted a similar waiver to Whirlpool and it is in the public interest to have similar products tested and rated using the same test procedures, and because BSH provides approximate values for the energy and water use resulting from softener regeneration. As a result, DOE grants BSH's application for interim waiver. Therefore, BSH shall not be required to test its dishwasher models:
Bosch brand:
SHX68E05UC
SHE68E05UC
SHX68E15UC
SHE68E15UC
SHV68E13UC
SGE63E0#UC
SHX58E15UC
SHV58E13UC
SHX58E2#UC
Gaggenau brand:
DF261760
DF260760
Kenmore brand: 630.13993.01# 630.13023.01# 630.13003.01# according to the existing DOE test procedure at 10 CFR 430, subpart B, appendix C, but shall be required to test and rate such products according to the alternate test procedure as set forth below.
Under appendix C, the water energy consumption, W or Wg, is calculated based on the water consumption as set forth in Section 4.3:
Section 4.3 Water consumption. Measure the water consumption, V, expressed as the number of gallons of water delivered to the machine during the entire test cycle, using a water meter as specified in section 3.3 of this Appendix.
Where the regeneration of the water softener depends on demand and water hardness, and does not take place on every cycle, BSH shall measure the water consumption of dishwashers having water softeners without including the water consumed by the dishwasher during softener regeneration. If a regeneration operation takes place within the test, the water consumed by the regeneration operation shall be disregarded when declaring water and energy consumption. Constant values of 23 gallons/year of water and 4 kWh/year of energy shall be added to the values measured by appendix C.
DOE makes decisions on waivers and interim waivers for only those models specifically set out in the petition, not future models that may be manufactured by the petitioner. BSH may submit a new or amended petition for waiver and request for grant of interim waiver, as appropriate, for additional models of dishwashers for which it seeks a waiver from the DOE test procedure. Grant of an interim waiver does not release a petitioner from the certification requirements set forth at 10 CFR 430.62.
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Summary and Request for Comments
Through today's notice, DOE announces receipt of BSH's petition for waiver from certain parts of the test procedure that apply to dishwashers. DOE is publishing BSH's petition for waiver in its entirety pursuant to 10 CFR 430.27(b)(1)(iv). The petition contains no confidential information. The petition includes a suggested alternate test procedure which is to measure the water consumption of dishwashers having water softeners without including the water consumed by the dishwasher during softener regeneration.
DOE solicits comments from interested parties on all aspects of the petition. Pursuant to 10 CFR 430.27(b)(1)(iv), any person submitting written comments to DOE must also send a copy of such comments to the petitioner. The contact information for the petitioner is Mike Edwards,
Senior Engineer, Performance and Consumption, BSH Home Appliances
Corporation (FNbG), 100 Bosch Blvd., Building 102, New Bern, NC 28562- 6924. All submissions received must include the agency name and case number for this proceeding. Submit electronic comments in Word Perfect,
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Microsoft Word, Portable Document Format (PDF), or text (American
Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)) file format and avoid the use of special characters or any form of encryption. Wherever possible, include the electronic signature of the author. DOE does not accept telefacsimiles (faxes).
Issued in Washington, DC on March 24, 2011.
Kathleen Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Technology
Development, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
January 11, 2011
The Honorable Catherine Zoi
Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
U.S. Department of Energy
Mail Station EE-10 1000 Independence Avenue, SW
Washington, DC 20585
Via e-mail (cathy.zoi@ee.doe.gov) and overnight mail
Re: Petition for Waiver and Application for Interim Waiver concerning the measurement of water and energy used in the water softening regeneration process of Dishwasher having an Integrated
Water Softener
Dear Assistant Secretary Zoi:
BSH Home Appliance Corporation (``BSH'') hereby submits this
Petition for Waiver and Application for Interim Waiver pursuant to 10 CFR 430.27, concerning the test procedure for measuring energy consumption of Dishwashers.
BSH is the manufacturer of household appliances bearing the brand names of Bosch, Thermador, and Gaggenau. Its appliances include dishwashers, washing machines, clothes dryers, refrigerator- freezers, ovens, and microwave ovens, and are sold worldwide, including in the United States. BSH's United States operations are headquartered in Huntington Beach, California. BSH's appliances are produced in the United States and Germany. 10 CFR 430.27(a)(1) provides that any interested person may submit a petition to waive for a particular basic model any requirement of Section 430.23, or of any appendix to this subpart, upon grounds that the basic model contains one or more design characteristics which either prevent testing of the basic model according to the prescribed test procedures, or the prescribed test procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics, or water consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data. Additionally, 10 CFR 430.27 (b)(2) allows any applicant of a Petition of Waiver to also request an
Interim Waiver if it can be demonstrated the likely success of the
Petition for Waiver, while addressing the economic hardship and/or competitive disadvantage that is likely to result absent a favorable determination on the Application for Interim Waiver.
This request for Waiver is directed to Dishwashers containing a built-in or integrated water softener, specifically addressing the energy and water used in the regeneration process of the integrated water softener. This request for Waiver is similar to a request submitted by Whirlpool Corporation (Case No. DW-004). The Whirlpool
Corporation Interim Waiver was granted on October 7, 2010.
BSH's Application for Interim Waiver will follow the same test methodology approved by DOE by its approval of the Whirlpool
Corporation Application for Interim Waiver.
Based on the reasoning indicated herein, BSH submits that the testing of Dishwashers equipped with a water softener under the current DOE test procedure may lead to information that could be considered misleading to consumers. 1. Identification of Basic Models.
The basic Dishwasher models manufactured by BSH which contain an integrated water softener are as follows:
Bosch brand:
SHX68E05UC
SHE68E05UC
SHX68E15UC
SHE68E15UC
SHV68E13UC
SGE63E0UC
SHX58E15UC
SHV58E13UC
SHX58E2UC
Gaggenau brand:
DF261760
DF260760
Kenmore brand: 630.13993.01 630.13023.01 630.13003.01 2. Background
The design characteristic that is unique among the above listed models is an integrated water softener. The primary function of a water softener is to reduce the high mineral content of ``hard'' water. Hard water reduces the effectiveness of detergents leading to additional detergent usage. Hard water also causes increased water spots on dishware, resulting in the need to use more rinse aid to counterbalance this effect. ``Hard'' water can reduce customer satisfaction with Dishwasher performance resulting in increased pre- rinsing and/or hand washing as well as increased detergent and rinse agent usage.
The water softening process requires water usage for both the regeneration process and to flush the system. For purposes of this
Waiver request, the term ``regeneration'' will include the water and energy used in both the flushing and regeneration process of the water softener. The water used in the regeneration process is in addition to the water used in the dish washing process. The water used in the regeneration process does not occur with each use of the
Dishwasher. The frequency of the regeneration process is dependant upon an adjustable water softener setting that is controlled by the end user, and based on the home water hardness. Regeneration frequency will vary greatly depending upon the customer setting of the water softener. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey shows considerable variation in the water hardness within the U.S. and for many locations the use of a water softener is not necessary. Water hardness varies throughout the U.S. with the mean hardness of 217 mg/liter or 12.6 grains/gallon (based on information provided by the
U.S. Geological Survey located at http://water.usgs.gov/owq/ hardness-alkalinity.html).
Calculations
Water Use
Based on the DOE Energy Test for Dishwashers, BSH
Dishwashers with an internal water softener use an average of 5.89 liters of water per dish cleaning cycle.
Based on an average U.S. water hardness of 12.6 grains/ gallon, the internal BSH Dishwasher water softener system would be set on ``4''.
Based on a BSH Dishwasher internal water softening system setting of ``4'' and the dishwasher using 5.89 liters of water per run, the water regeneration process would occur every 6th cycle.
When using the Dishwasher 215 times per year (per DOE test procedure), the regeneration process would occur 35.8 times
(36).
The internal BSH water softening system uses 4.97 liters (5.0) per regeneration cycle.
Many homes with hard water have the entire home water supply softened, negating the need for a Dishwasher specific water softener. Based on this data BSH further suggest that at least 50% of the homes with hard water that would purchase a high end dishwasher (any Dishwasher with an internal water softening system would be considered high end) would have entire home water softening systems. This would reduce the water consumption figures shown above by 50% or more.
cir
36 x 5 x 50% = 90 liters per year (23.78 gallons) or .42 liters (.11 gallons) each time the dishwasher is used.
Energy Used in kWh
Formula W= V x T x K
cir
V = Weighted Average Water Usage per DOE
cir
T = Nominal water heater temperature rise of 39 [deg]C
cir
K = Specific heat of water 0.00115
Calculated Energy use--90 x 39 x .00115 = 4.04 kWh/yr
Summary
A Dishwasher built by BSH with an integrated water softener in a home with a 12.6 grain per gallon water hardness would be cycled through the water softening regeneration process approximately every 6 dish cleaning cycles. BSH estimates that 50% of homes with 12.6 grain per gallon hardness will have an entire home water softening system, negating the need for a Dishwasher specific internal water softener. When the water used in the water softener regeneration process is apportioned evenly over all dishwasher runs, the amount of energy and water usage per cycle is very low. Based on the assumptions provided, BSH estimates the typical water used in the internal Dishwasher water softener regeneration process at .42
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liters (.11 gallons) per use; furthermore, using about 4.04 kWh per year to heat this water in the home hot water heater.
Note: Contrary to current DOE direction, the water used in the regeneration process has the separate and distinct purpose of softening water. It is BSH's opinion that this water and energy should not be included in the energy usage figures for washing dishes. BSH would suggest a similar approach as used in EN50242 for the Final Rule. EN 50242 does not include the water or energy used in the water softening process in the dishwasher energy consumption calculation. 3. Requirements sought to be waived
Dishwashers are subjected to test methods outlined in 10 CFR
Part 430, Subpart B, App. C, Section 4.3, which specifies the method for the water energy calculation.
To stay consistent with the recently approved Whirlpool waiver, BSH is requesting approval to estimate the water and energy used in the water softening process based on the design of the BSH
Dishwasher and the calculations and assumptions outlined above. 4. Grounds for Waiver and Interim Waiver 10 CFR 430.27 (a) (1) provides that a Petition to waive a requirement of 430.23 may be submitted upon grounds that the basic model contains one or more design characteristics which either prevent testing of the basic model according to the prescribed test procedures, or the prescribed test procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data.
If a water softener regeneration process was to occur while running an energy test, the water usage would be overstated. In this case, the water energy usage would be unrepresentative of the product providing inaccurate data resulting in a competitive disadvantage to BSH.
Granting of an Interim Waiver in this case is justified since the prescribed test procedures would potentially evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data. In addition, a similar Interim Waiver has been granted to
Whirlpool Corporation. 5. Manufacturers of Similar Products and Affected Manufacturers
Web based research shows that at least two other manufacturers are currently selling dishwashers with an integrated water softener,
Miele Inc. and Whirlpool Corporation (Waiver Granted).
Manufacturers selling dishwashers in the United States include
AGA Marvel, Arcelik A.S., ASKO Appliances, Inc., Electrolux North
America, Inc., Fagor America, Inc., Fisher & Paykel Appliances, GE
Appliances and Lighting, Haier America, Indesit Company Sa,
KuppersbuschUSA, LG Electronics USA, Miele, Inc., Samsung
Electronics Co., Viking Range Corporation and Whirlpool Corporation.
BSH will notify all companies listed above (as well as AHAM), as required by the Department's rules, providing them with a copy of this Petition for Waiver and Interim Waiver. 6. Conclusion
BSH Home Appliances Corporation hereby requests approval of the
Waiver petition and Interim Waiver. By granting said Waivers the
Department of Energy will further ensure that water energy is measured in the same way by all Dishwasher Manufacturer's that have a integrated water softener. Further, BSH would request that these
Waivers be in good standing until such time that the test procedure can be formally modified to account for integrated water softeners.
BSH Home Appliances certifies that all manufacturers of domestic
Dishwashers as listed above have been notified by letter. Copies of these notifications are attached.
With Best Regards,
Mike Edwards
Senior Engineer, Performance and Consumption
BSH Home Appliances Corporation (FNbG) 100 Bosch Blvd., Building 102
New Bern, NC 28562-6924 mike.edwards@bshg.com www.boschappliances.com
Phone (252) 636-4334
Fax (252) 636-4450
FR Doc. 2011-7448 Filed 3-29-11; 8:45 am
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
